query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do identical twins look slightly different? Shouldn't they be 100% identical? | [
"For one, [they don't have perfectly identical genes](_URL_0_). Also, even if they did, we're not 100% determined to look the way we do by our genes. To take a trivial example, if one twin eats two dozen donuts every day and never brushes their teeth, they're going to look pretty different in a couple years to the ... | [
"There are two types of twins: Identical and fraternal. Identical twins are formed when a single fertilized egg splits into two embryos. Because of this, identical twins are always the same gender. Fraternal twins are formed when the mother releases two eggs, and both are fertilized by different sperm. There's a 5... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Medical:"
} |
what are we attempting to accomplish by “raising awareness” of things everyone is already aware of, such as breast cancer? | [
"Because \"awareness\" isn't a \"one and done\" deal. Just because you're aware doesn't mean your children are going to be born aware. Someone is going to have to tell them. And unless it's something that has had an impact on your life, it's honestly probably not going to be you. Most people are probably aware of t... | [
"Cancer isn't one disease, and no one treatment will work for every type of cancer no even for every person with the same type of cancer. It's vastly complex and will never be solved overnight - but because of the research, your chances of surviving cancer right now are vastly better than they have ever been, and c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Social Issues:"
} |
How do induction stoves generate heat? | [
"Inside of the heating element of an induction stove is a coil of wire. When you turn it on electricity is sent through that wire. When you put electricity into a wire it creates a magnetic field. When you put a piece of iron on top of this magnetic field the bits of iron will be agitated and start vibrating back a... | [
"It's easier to control the heat. If I go from high heat to low heat on a gas range, the change happens instantly. If I go from high heat to low heat on an electric range, I have to wait at least a few seconds for the heat to actually change enough to slow down the cooking process. The reverse is also true -- hot t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is data encoded/transported as light in fiber optic wires? | [
"Well that was quick! Thanks. I totally didn’t realize of an on/off system. I was thinking you use different colors of light."
] | [
"Light and radiowaves are both forms of electromagnetic radiation. They can both be used to transmit information, Fibre optic cables, your infrared remote on the television and many other technologies use light as the communication medium."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Physics:"
} |
Why do fruits taste so bad after brushing your teeth? | [
"There is a chemical (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate or SLS) in toothpaste that causes it to foam up in your mouth. It also reduces the ability of your taste buds to detect sweet and increases the bitter taste buds."
] | [
"Bacteria eats sugar and poops acid into your mouth which burns your teeth. Brush and floss and see a dentist."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is the shortest day of the year considered the start of winter, and not the mid-way point? Shouldn't longer days make for warmer days? | [
"There's a seasonal lag period based on the energy given off by the sun onto the planet. The solstice is the maximum or minimum sun energy input into the system. The majority of this energy is absorbed by the oceans. This takes some time to be released, or in the case of winter, not be caught up. Imagine you are pu... | [
"Summer is just the name we give to the period of time between the solstice and the next equinox. Fall is the name we give to the period of time between that equinox and the next solstice. So on for winter and spring. It roughly correlates to weather, but not governed by it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is spicy food still spicy when it exits the body's digestive tract? | [
"This happens when the body doesn’t break down all the capsaicin and it irritates the membranes in the anus, causing that ‘Taco Bell burn’"
] | [
"> Why do liquid supplements not lead to better absorption rates? Because things are absorbed in your intestines, not in your stomach, and everything is pretty much liquid by the time it gets to your intestines."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If I drop a pen, gravity causes it to go all the way to the floor. Why does the Sun's gravity not cause all of the objects in our Solar System to converge into it? | [
"Everything in the solar system *is* falling into the sun, it's just that everything is going sideways so fast that it keeps *missing*."
] | [
"We are in a constant falling motion, yes. But we are also in a constant sideways motion as well. Both of these affect each other such that instead of falling *toward* the sun, we fall *around* it. If our sideways motion were to slow down, we'd fall in. If our sideways motion were to speed up, we'd spiral away. As ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
How does something like the "K" constant in Coulomb's law come to be? And what does the value actually tell us about the relationship between charged particles? | [
"It's probably better to view Coulomb's constant in terms of other fundamental constants which should give you a better intuition of its physical meaning. Ke is also equal to 1/(4π*ε*0). The 4 pi comes about from the spherical nature of this question but the *ε*0(epsilon nought) represents the vacuum permittivity o... | [
"You can derive the speed of light from the equations describing how electricity works. You get a constant number that doesn't depend on how fast you're moving, so if the equations are accurate the speed of light must be constant."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Chemistry:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Chemistry:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Music sounds noticeably slower after I work out. Mainly after running a great deal while I'm cooling down. Is there any explanation as to why this happens? | [
"The rate at which a human brain processes information is not constant. It changes based on a number of factors. When you feel a sudden threat, your body releases hormones that trigger a change in the rate at which your brain can process information. If your brain is processing information more quickly, your percep... | [
"I thought this was a question I was wondering about too but after reading the whole title I see that it's not exactly the same. I did notice that in the morning, if I listen to a song, the rythm seems a lot quicker compared to me listening to the same song in the evening. I wonder how that happens. To maybe answer... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why can hypoxia occur in a few seconds on a plane but we can hold our breath longer without problems? | [
"I think you’re wondering why, in the event of an explosive decompression, I don’t just hold my breath? If that’s the case then here’s the answer: your breath would be ripped out of you whether you like it or not. I suppose you could try pinching your nose and clamping your mouth shut with your other hand but I dou... | [
"No one is really answering question I think if you are talking about respiration and the circulatory system. Nitrogen doesn’t too much at normal atmospheres except help your alveoli stay open. If you breathed 100% oxygen not only would you have issues with atelectasis but you could incur oxidative stresses as wel... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Sometimes when surgeons make an incision, theres little to no blood coming from the cut. Why is it when I get a tiny paper cut that theres more blood than a much deeper surgical incision? | [
"Two main reasons: 1) When anesthesiologists send you to sleep, they don't just make you unconscious - you get a lot of other medicine which decreases blood pressure, slow down the blood flow, causing the blood to leave the skin and go deeper inside the body (the same what happens when you are feeling cold), and ... | [
"> My husband told me that it is more likely for something like that to get infected and a cut is less likely to. Why? A puncture wound tends to be deeper than an equivalently serious cut which means infectious materials can be pushed deeper into the body. While bleeding and basic cleaning might clear out a cut it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do breweries and wineries maintain a consistent flavor profile for their products, year after year? | [
"Lots of chemical science and a base batch of fermented liquid to flavor. There isn't a lot of nuance in mass marketed booze, and practically every part of a flavor can be measured and replicated. The varietals are all put together the same way with tried and tested yeasts for exact Temps and times. They've removed... | [
"Mirco vs. macro is simply about size. Mircobreweries produce less than 15,000 barrels a year, about half a million gallons. Craft beers are about production techniques as well as amounts. They produce less than 2 million gallons a year, but also have to use certain ingredients and techniques. That means some beers... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do Prosthetic Limbs connect to the mind/body? | [
"They don't directly connect, but they have pads with sensors that are pressed up against the skin of whatever is left of the limb. With training, the amputee can learn how to trigger the sensors to get the desired movement out of the limb."
] | [
"Your nervous system has two main parts: the Central and Peripheral. The Central is the Brain and Spinal Cord; the Peripheral is all the nerves going through your body. The Peripheral is made of two parts: Somatic and Autonomic. The Somatic Nervous System is the part that you can voluntarily control (mainly muscles... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What do the different factory "generations" mean and who defined them? | [
"Foxconn wanted to build TVs in Wisconsin. The generation refers to the generation of TV factories. You can read more about Gen 10.5 TV factories here: _URL_0_"
] | [
"Product numbers (AKA model number) refers to one particular style or model of product. Every product from that line will be (presumably) identical. Serial numbers, on the other hand, are unique to each individual product, useful in determining when and where something was made."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If humans can only hear as low as 15 Hz, then why do some headphones go down to 5 Hz? | [
"First, even though the headphones might claim they reach down to 5 Hz, they won't be very effective at those frequencies. So, the useful frequency range will almost certainly be smaller than what's on the package. Second, you can feel very low frequencies even if you don't hear them."
] | [
"They aren't hyper sensitive to sound, they hear a bigger range of frequencies. Humans hear from around 20-50Hz (deep sub bass sounds) to about 20kHz (so high pitched it's more like a presence, like turning on a tv with the sound down). Dogs on the other hand hear all the bass we do but they have better high freque... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Animal hearing:"
} |
What exactly is bulletproof glass? | [
"First, there's no such thing as bullet**proof** glass, only bullet resistant. The way such glass works is by absorbing the energy of the bullet and trapping it in the glass. They're usually built out of multiple layers of alternating hard glass and stretchy plastic. The bullet will transfer energy into breaking th... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do thought controlled prosthetic limbs work? | [
"This isn't \"thought control\" this is nerve remapping. Essentially it's just useing the wiring of the flesh and blood arm to control the prosthetic. Essentially they relocated this ladies nerves and programmed the prosthetic arms to react to her nerve impulses. That band on her arm is reading and sending signals ... | [
"Memory consolidation for your brain and physical rest for skeletal muscle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Are musicians brains "wired" differently than non-musicians? | [
"A well-trained musician can hear notes and different types of instruments in pieces. They study music and can decipher music regularly. I would say anyone can learn music and be able to create a song if you learn the foundations of music."
] | [
"Ahoy, matey! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why are some people born with a good singing voice and others aren't? ](_URL_4_) 1. [ELI5: What determines whether or not someone is a naturally good singer? ](_URL_1_) 1. [ELI5: Why are some people born with a better singing voice ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Natural gas distribution | [
"With out knowing what the specifics of that incident, here are some possible answers. Pipelines can only carry a certain quanitity of gas, at a safe pressure. If everyone is drawing nat gas from the pipeline at the same time, the pressure will drop to unsafe levels. Maybe traditional non-electric pilot lights will... | [
"High pressure air moving to fill low pressure air."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Do truth serum or a chemical (compound) with similar effects exist, and if yes, how do they work? | [
"Movie style truth serums do not exist. There are drugs, including alcohol that lower your inhibitions or slow your brains ability to comprehend. They can be used during an intensive interrogation to confuse the person being interrogated and make them answer quesitions they otherwise would not."
] | [
"Your doctor is a bit dim if he thought that was sufficient reasoning. It is true that most substances don't pass the blood brain barrier. But brain drugs are mostly selected *because* they can pass the blood brain barrier. It's not really disputable that the drugs will have an effect on the brain, the only questio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it easier for people to believe bad things about themselves than good things? Is it genetic? Human nature? Conditioning? Science based at all? | [
"Writing here because i am actually curious: is this really a thing? From my anecdotal experience, theres a lot more people full of themselves that think they are the best than the other way around"
] | [
"1) Fear of the unknown. An evolutionary instinct we are born with. 2) Fear of failure. A sociological reaction we learn. 3) Sloth/Laziness. Don't want to invest the effort required to learn this new thing. 4) Combination of 1, 2, & 3. Most likely answer. Nothing is so simple."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
who and what did Edward Snowden do | [
"Snowden became aware of classified information related to the US government spying on its own people. Because this information was classified it was illegal for him to share it. he decided to share it anyway. He broke the law. But many people believe that the government should not be doing what it was doing. So ma... | [
"why would he not be allowed to vote?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why gummy bears are a beneficial snack post-workout | [
"They help to spike insulin which, through a variety of complex steps, can help to increase protein uptake of the muscles. Which can help recovery and muscle growth. But make no mistake, that does not make gummy bears \"healthy\" or the best choice... They're simply easy to get down. For example, WHITE rice (not b... | [
"Because sugar is cheap, addictive, and easy to manufacture. Sweeteners dont have the addictibe quality that manufacturers of food products want. Also sweeteners may not be healthier, we dont really know the long term affects such as the links to asthma, cancer, allergies, mihranes etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes 'sympathy pain', or 'sympathy sensations' we feel when seeing/reading something happen to someone else? | [
"Empathy! In humans earlier stages it was important for us to care of our tribe and to care for each other. Thus creating a system for young and old to survive."
] | [
"Empathy is being able to put yourself in somebody else's shoes, and imagine yourself feeling the same emotions as that person. Sympathy is feeling concerned for somebody else's wellbeing. It's not surprising that the two are closely linked, since you often experience them both together. Generally speaking, we care... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Language:"
} |
What happens to the “lost” iron, that disappears when steel rusts? Like, does it just enter the water system and then the ocean, or do we reclaim it in any way? | [
"The iron isn't lost. It is an \"ingredient\" of rust. The iron in the steel binds with the oxygen in the surrounding air or moisture to make rust. It's like when you mix red paint and yellow paint to make orange paint. The original red and yellow never really go anywhere, but they combine to make a new color."
] | [
"You don’t consume the water, you use it. Every breath, every drop of sweat, every time you use the bathroom, returns a little of that water to the atmosphere, where it will eventually end up as rain. It always ends back in the cycle, unless it is split with electrolysis (but even then it’ll be water again once the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did WWII inmates know about the secret codes sent to them? | [
"Inmates have lots of time on their hand. In their training, before they were captured, they learned some styles of information hiding. One of those might be morse code around the border. They check that with every object they get from home, because brute force only takes lots of people or lots of time. With the ru... | [
"They were aware that something was happening, but they had much bigger concerns at the time. They were fighting wars on several borders, and constant bombings made them more worried about their own skins than whatever might have happened to their Jewish neighbors. Source: Grandmother who lived in Dresden during t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does curing meat work? How can you leave meat out for days and days and not get terrible food poisoning? | [
"Food poisoning comes from the unrestrained reproduction of microbial life, mostly bacteria. This is also what mostly causes meat to decay. If you find some clever way to keep the bacteria from reproducing, through treatments that are inherently antibiotic or through freezing, then the meat remains safe to eat... ... | [
"Animals don't save their meat to be eaten later. You could eat a freshly-killed deer or something raw as well, provided it doesn't have parasites. But when you bring it home to eat later, bacteria start growing on it. You have to cook it to make it safe again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the federal government impose a fine on a citizen for not having health insurance (essentially forcing people to buy a private “free market” service)? | [
"that fine is going away now. but it's because the usa hospitals have to treat all people in emergencies. so when uninsured people need healthcare (usually in emergencies) the cost is substantial. and the rest of the people have to pick up the slack. so by fining those that don't have healthcare, they're recouping ... | [
"Instead of everyone paying extra taxes, everyone has to buy health insurance. Unless you can't afford it. It's a privatized version of our (Canada's) healthcare."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do waterfalls in mountain ranges freeze during the winter? | [
"Picture an entire frozen waterfall as individual molecules, not as a gigantic, frozen, ice block. A molecule traveling down the river has been growing colder and colder as it traveled down the river, and as it happens to touch a rock while going over the waterfall, it gets *just* cold enough so that it changes fro... | [
"A lot of it has to do with humidity, the surface the ice forms on, how quickly the temperature drops, cloud coverage, to sum it up, there are a lot of factors that influence the appearance of ice formations."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I graduated from college, got a job and was never once asked for proof of my degree. What systems are in place that stop people from just forging/faking a degree and going straight to good pay without the debt? I learned nothing useful. | [
"You got a job with a company that doesn't do education verification so there's nothing but values/fear of being caught that keeps someone from doing it in that case. But many companies do education verification so the liars are found out. I have seen many offers rescinded for falsified degrees."
] | [
"It will be much, much harder to get certain jobs. If you go to a vocational school, you should be able to get one of those jobs just fine. There's not really any reason for 100% of students to go to college. There are more students with a college education than there are jobs that require one."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How exactly do stethoscopes work? | [
"The end of the stephoscope captures the sound vibrations and bounces them through the tubes until they reach the other end, which you put to your ears. It's effectively the same as putting your ear on someone's body, but more comfortable for both of you and less intrusive. In fact, that's exactly what doctors used... | [
"Your body is telling you to quit smoking. Listen to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why don’t clothing retailers (especially internet only ones) standardize clothing sizes? I get there can be variations in fit and cut but if I’m a Medium in one brand I should be a Medium in all brands as well, or am I missing something? Same thing for shoes too. | [
"They would love to, but manufacturers don't standardize their sizing so the companies who buy from them and sell online don't have much choice. Nobody is going to be the first manufacturer to start changing all their sizes to match someone else's, since it costs time and money, so they just keep producing accordin... | [
"Women's sizes basically mean nothing anymore. They were suppose to be a ratio of bust, waist, and hip and were meant to show a smaller number because it made women feel better about their body. Smaller number is just more appealing than something like inches. They don't seem to be standard at all anymore. Women ju... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a mixer tap (faucet) that runs straight to a boiler know whether it's pointed at hot without an electric signal? | [
"The handle controls the mix of hot and cold. Visually, it's a T where hot comes in from the left, cold from the right, and the handle adjusts the amount of hot let in to a cold mix from the middle. The valve allowing one or the other is controlled by the handle."
] | [
"Your shower has two water feeds, one is cold water the other is hot. To get a desired temperature you mix some if both. But after no water has been flowing for a while the water in the hot pipe between your shower and your water heater cools down. Then you have to drain it out before you have hot water at your sho... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does Nature vs. Nurture effect those with serious mental conditions? | [
"So think of it like a switchboard. All your genes are the different switches. So someone can have the genetic loading for antisocial personality, borderline personality, schizophrenia, etc, or basically their board comes with switches for those disorders. And trauma turns those switches on. So someone with a perso... | [
"Maybe because we know so little about it and even less about how to deal with those with mental illness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do movie directors not show the camera when it is panning between two shots where the camera would show? | [
"there is a rule in filmmaking that you don’t cross the imaginary 180 degree line through the center of the shot. In a dialogue scene like the one you described, there are typically two cameras pointed at an angle over the shoulders of the actors, so they are just out of frame of one another. There is also typicall... | [
"They don't always go blurry when paused. It depends on what that specific frame looks like. Often when movies are filmed they have blurry frames because that's what naturally happens when something on-screen is moving or when the camera is moving."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do our eyes get white (hide the veins?) when we get shampoo in our eyes, rather than red as expected? | [
"Really? I’ve only ever seen people’s sclera go red."
] | [
"Not an expert, but I know your eyelids are filled with sensitive blood vessels and because they are so thin, rubbing your eye lids actually stimulates and increases blood flow in the area, which is why you get the urge to when tired and trying to stay awake."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
Why are most computer screens rectangular shaped, instead of just being shaped like a square? | [
"Our eyes can see less on a vertical axis than they can on a horizontal axis. By this, I mean we can look further to our left or right than we can from top to bottom. It is more comfortable to the eye to pan across the screen rather than up and down the screen. Also, most cameras used to create the media we diges... | [
"* Lenses are round because it's easier to make them that way and rectangular lenses cause weird problems. * Pictures are rectangular because it was easier to make film rectangular and it also matches humans' natural field of view better than a circle would. * Digital camera sensors are rectangular because we are a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
when you watch a movie for the second time, why do you notice things you didn’t notice the first time? | [
"Your brain can predict what’s coming because it’s familiar and this frees up more space to focus on new details."
] | [
"You only remember the good and forget all the little things that made it mundane. Also you won't fully know the value of something until you no longer have it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do scentless air freshening sprays (like Ozium) work? | [
"You smell things because little particles move past/touch olfactory cells which send signals to the brain. In order to get pulled into your nose, these particles must be free floating in the air. When you spray a scentless air freshener like ozium, it envelops the particles in a material that doesn’t activate olf... | [
"Some deodorants have their scent packaged in little balls (microcapsules) that break open due to heat or friction. Those activate, but many don't. Fabric softeners do the same thing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Breakfast the most important meal of the day? Or is it not? | [
"It is not. This is an idea that was promoted in the 20th Century by marketers working for companies that sold breakfast foods."
] | [
"Who is brushing their teeth before breakfast?!?!!!?? Brushing teeth is one of the last things one does before leaving the house."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between centrifugal and centripetal force? | [
"They are the opposite. Centrifugal force is an apparent force, pointing radially outwards from the center of the circular motion. Centripetal force, however, is the force that keeps the object from flying away, pointing radially inwards, and thus it is the exact opposite of the centrifugal force. (Not so ELI5: Som... | [
"They put the whole comb in a special kind of centrifuge and use centrifugal force to extract it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
how do birds and the like survive inside an egg without an oxygen supply? | [
"They don't. The egg shell allows oxygen through it. That's why if you coat an egg with oil, the baby inside will die."
] | [
"What if you were wearing a sealed helmet with oxygen supply and no way for air to escape the helmet. What would happen to your body?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
How do our eyes “adjust” to being in the dark? | [
"Two ways. First, your pupil expands to let in as much light as possible. This happens within a few seconds. Second, there are chemicals in your eye that split when light hits them. The splitting of these chemicals create an electrical charge that runs along your optic nerve and is interpreted by your brain as ligh... | [
"Your eyes adapt to the light around you. 10,000 years ago people spent most of their day walking in the sun, so their eyes had plenty of time to adapt. Now we spend lots of time indoors where it's darker. Your eyes need time to adapt again to the outdoors, and given that we go inside and outside quite frequently, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What's the appeal of 4Chan? Every time I try to read it doesn't make sense | [
"Much of what happens on 4Chan is what's called shitposting. I.e intentionally posting drivel (either harmless or inflammatory drivel). There are also lots of inside jokes and bits of jargon that originated on that site, which a new viewer might not know. Kind of like how redditors might joke about Kevin, or a youn... | [
"I'm glad I'm not the only who gets this every now and then, I don't even know what to Google to try and find the answer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Should I split a large amount of money between all credit cards, or make minimum payments on 2 while I make big payments on the 3rd? | [
"Pay off whatever has the worst interest rate first. Then it's up to you. A lot of advisors say a good plan is to start with the smallest debts first because clearing them will give you a psychological boost on facing the next ones."
] | [
"Let's say you have a $3000 balance on credit card A with an 18% interest rate, $1500 on credit card B with a 24% interest rate, $1000 on credit card C with a 24% interest rate, a medical debt of $4500 from a surgery you needed when you weren't insured. a debt consolidator would cut checks for these four debts and ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why can we freeze sperm and have it survive but we cant freeze humans without killing them? | [
"A number of sperm cells die each time when freezing. You just need a small number to survive, and the survivors can still carry out the job. In fact, you only need 1 sperm cell out of trillions. Unfortunately, this doesn’t work for whole humans. 70% of a live human is still a dead human."
] | [
"The principle is that they do get frozen alive to be thawed at some other point in time when you could be brought back to life, however as far as I know it does not work since cells break down from the extreme temperatures. Cryogenetics it is called I think."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How is Earth's gravity strong enough to keep the moon in orbit but not strong enough to pull the ISS or satellites back to the ground? | [
"The ISS is travelling at just the right speed and is falling towards the earth but the earth , as the ISS travels forward, curves away under the ISS , this curvature matches exactly the free fall distance that the ISS falls during any period and therefore ISS maintains the same distance from the earth and as there... | [
"No, there is no limit. Because the ISS is not held up by anything, it is in fact already falling towards the Earth. The only thing preventing it from hitting the earth is that it's moves so fast sideways that the earth is curving away just as fast as the ISS is falling. So you can pack as much mass as you like on ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come languages came into existence and how come there are more than 1000 existing languages across the world? | [
"How come there are over a thousand? For most of history, getting around wasn't easy. Even riding on horses is comparatively young compared to the evolution of language. So they didn't really get the chance to spread; small groups each developed their own languages instead. As for why they came into existence, we'r... | [
"Dead language means there are no native speakers of that language. For instance, lots of people speak Latin, but there are no native Latin speakers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the qualifications for those shiny dot things on your eyes? | [
"The spots you see in your eyes are almost certainly not microorganisms, but floaters, which are tiny bits of dead tissue from inside the eye ball. The fast moving blobs you see, most often when you look at a blue sky, are probably the blood cells moving through the network of blood vessels on your retina. The blue... | [
"I would like to see them wear patches on their clothes like NASCAR drivers showing who their sponsors are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is a Social Security Number and why is it so important for a person to not leak it above anything else? (Am from Germany) | [
"There's an excellent video by CGP Grey here ([_URL_0_](_URL_0_)). TL;DR it was a number that the U.S Govt created for their Social Security Program, other companies/departments that need a personal identifier then tapped on that number, even though it's not an ID like what Germany has,and that it **should not** be... | [
"A job, tax refunds, a bank account, enlistment in the Military, Social Security benefits, student loans, and many other things. Granted, there are some other ways you can get things done, like paying your taxes, without a SSN, but the process of convincing the powers that be that you don't have and don't want a So... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How are currency exchange rates calculated, and the value of a currency determined? | [
"essentially it's a supply and demand thing. There's a certain amount of people wanting to sell a currency and a certain amount of people wanting to buy it, the price of the currency reflects the point when the two are equal. If you want to know what influences that then it's pretty much a case of: exports (what th... | [
"In the simplest terms, you are paying for the ability to buy or sell a certain amount of shares at a set price for for a predetermined amount of time. These factors effect the price of each option."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why NaCl is not lethal? | [
"Because it's not individual atoms (the Na part or the Cl part) that are necessarily toxic, it's the way they fit with other atoms or change other molecules in your body which can be harmful. Atoms fit together like Lego pieces, except imagine that instead of one style of clipping together, there are hundreds of di... | [
"The ph of Saliva is from 6.2 to 7.5. Which means that it is either a weak base or a weak acid. The acid simply isn't powerful enough to dissolve plague build up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Fossils: The hard, inorganic parts are preserved essentially by petrification. Could man made objects - cars, ships etc become fossilized and if so how would the process differ, if at all. And how would such fossils appear to paliontologists of the far future? | [
"Well, people finding ships aren't paleontologists, they are archaeologists. And we find \"fossils\" like that all the time already from our ancestors. Ships, swords, coins, statues, shoes -- all kinds of things can become preserved for future people to find."
] | [
"Fossilisation is rare, not everything becomes a fossil. It takes specific conditions for something to turn from organic matter to rock. And then, on top of that the fossil has to go undisturbed by tectonic movement, disasters or water for 60 million years (in the case of dinosaurs). We are very fortunate to have a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why can people stay in a 100°C sauna but not in 100°C water? | [
"You can't. A sauna would never be 100°C. That would literally steam cook you alive. Just because steam is present doesnt mean the room is 100°C."
] | [
"Your back usually is hotter than your hands or feet. Hands are usually around 32º C while the rest of the body is around 36-37. And 4 degrees Celsius is still a large difference (trust me, I've been in a lot of pools and I can easily tell the difference between a 26ºC and 28ºC)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come when celebrities go to court for crimes they committed, their sentences are way less than the average joe commuting the same crime. Isn’t this special treatment? | [
"Because the real crime is being impoverished. If you have the money for good representation you will likely get a lesser sentence."
] | [
"Because it all comes down to money. And are we really gonna spend millions if dollars just to house a few bad cops? Idk how it is in Russia and why those cops are in jail but the cops in states deserve to go to general prison for their crimes. Some have killed innocent people for no reason what so ever"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How can a person's anus already feel the fire/heat of a spicy meal just 30 minutes after eating it? | [
"It can't. its your imagination. 30 minutes isn't nearly long enough for any kind of food to pass through your digestive system. If your ass burns like this regularly, you might want to get checked for worms and/or haemorrhoids."
] | [
"This has never happened to me. If I were to guess I would say that because the food is coating your tastebuds and blocks the tongue from tasting the sweet beverage as good as it did before eating."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what's the science behind "beer before liquor only makes you sicker, but liquor before beer, you're in the clear."? | [
"None. There is no science to it. The processes which lead to hangovers are still poorly understood. Several pathophysiological changes may give rise to the alcohol hangover including increased levels of acetaldehyde, hormonal alterations of the cytokine pathways and decrease of the availability of glucose. Additio... | [
"Different kinds of HARD alcohol aren't bad to mix (e.g. Tequila + Vodka is indeed going to the same place, and it doesn't matter.) The issue comes about when you mix \"soft\" alcohol like beer, wine, or champagne with hard alcohol like vodka, tequila, or gin. Ever heard the expression \"beer before liquor, never b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do game developers always seem to overdo it when it comes to balancing games? | [
"with major changes, it pushes forward a new meta, new strategies, new ways to attack and defend. It the best weapon gets tweaked with just minor tweaks, people will most likely still use it in the same fashion, but if they nerf it to bits, suddenly people will actually have to go out and find new ways to do shit"
... | [
"Because CoD is a great example of what gaming should not be. It's a long treadmill of little rewards and unlocks that make the players feel good about themselves. The progression system has no real meaning and it only exists to make people play more. (I mean, seriously? Once you reach max level, you get the option... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does film footage from the 60's often look much better than footage from the 80's given that technology should have advanced? | [
"Home cameras didn't really exist in the 60s, so practically all the footage you see from before the late 70s was shot professionally or semi-professionally with fairly expensive equipment that used very high resolution film. By the 80s, home VHS recorders allowed any doofus to record low quality video to a low res... | [
"George Lucas wanted all films to be shot digitally. He invested a lot into the digital process and Star Wars II: Attack of the Clones was one of the first feature length films to be completely shot digitally. So basically Disney is saying fu to Lucas who was trying to push digital film adoption with the success of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How are things rated on the Scoville scale? | [
"Originally the scale was a measurement of how much sugar water was required to be mixed with the spicy thing before you couldn't detect the spiciness anymore. But, as you said, this doesn't work very well because people have different detection levels. Even the same person will have different reactions over time. ... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do some posts get 12k likes that are as funny as some with 10 in the same group. Is it an algorithm? Is it the name of someone who posted? Thanks! | [
"Most of it is timing. The posts with extremely large amounts of likes have to be at or near the top of a thread at the exact moment that the thread gets promoted to the /r/all main page. If you're a little late, then everyone has already read the thread and no one will see it."
] | [
"OP reposted a popular picture just two hours after the original and people are down voting him because of it. I don't blame them seeing as two hours isn't near enough for something popular to drop off the hot list on a popular sub."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What is neural network and how is it different from A.I | [
"It's not a stupid question. A neural network is a form of artificial intelligence. To explain it simply a neural net is an attempt to replicate the structure of a brain with neurons and connections between them that get weaker or stronger as they are trained. On one end of the neural network you have the inputs. T... | [
"Machine learning is basically any system that can improve its performance at a task by example. Neural networks (including deep learning) is one way to do that. There are others, such as decision trees, support vector machines..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do devices generate random numbers? | [
"Their are 2 types of random number generators; hardware and software based. Hardware random number generators create random numbers by assigning a value to random naturally accruing randomness like thermal static. However these are not commonly used except for encryption when a truly random number is important. S... | [
"Is there a revealed hash I don't know about to maintain integrity?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How is Netflix able to operate whilst being in so much debt? | [
"> I certainly couldn't do that Yes you could. Have any student loans? Car loans? Medical debt? Mortgage? Credit card debt? Well, if not, congratulations! You're the notable exception to the rule. The vast, vast majority of Americans have debt. While it's not EXACTLY the same for businesses, it's pretty similar."
] | [
"Netflix has to buy a separate license for each country (except for the stuff they own outright themselves) For some content someone else may already own or buy the license instead of Netflix. For some other stuff they may just decide there's not enough of a market in that country to justify paying for a license. O... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Besides shape, what is the difference between different media cables such as Ethernet, HDMI, USB and others? | [
"An interesting facet of these cables is how they deal with \"cross-talk\". Since you have a bunch of wires all carrying a current, and all conductors are antenna, and a current moving through a conductor produces an electromagnetic field, a signal on one wire might get picked up on another wire. Ethernet solves th... | [
"A patch cable is a type of cable that connects two devices of a number of different types that have identical connectors. It's a general category, kind of like a \"power cord\". For instance, the cable that connects two headphone jacks together, such as on your phone to a speaker set, is a patch cable."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do people believe that the top 1 percent should be taxed more? | [
"Because they have a tremendous amount of money. If I took 25% of a poor person's income they would be completely devastated and might become homeless. If I took 25% from a 1% person they still have millions upon millions of dollars left. So even though I'm taking equal percentages, the poor person is losing a lot ... | [
"It would cost a lot of money. That money would have to come from taxpayers. Folks with modest income don't expect Government to start taxing the rich exclusively, given their political power. You can't tax poor people, they have no money. That means the tax would be on middle income people, and they don't want to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do men with dwarfism are small all over but have normal sized penises? | [
"There are multiple things that can cause somebody to be a “little person” However with the main condition basically stops you from growing to your full size See in our body we have growth plates, these are what allow us to grow taller. These are open until we reach our maximum height and then they close around the... | [
"Because breasts are a secondary sexual characteristic. Women develop breasts when as become sexually mature, and men are attracted to them as a sign of fertility. The same is not true about a man's chest."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How are live vaccines different from the actual virus? | [
"They aren't really, they are just weaker versions. Think of it like practicing hand to hand combat for your body. When you spar your partner isn't going to be trying as hard as if it was for real, so you have a good chance of getting stronger and training. Its still possible to get hurt in training, but a lot less... | [
"The body builds an immunity to the disease and prevents you from catching it again, which is basically your body creating its own vaccine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Medical:"
} |
Do humans really need vitamins to live? | [
"You absolutely need vitamins to live. For example, if your diet contained zero vitamin C you would get scurvy and die. However, it turns out that unless you're only eating one very specific thing it's hard to have a vitamin deficiency so severe that it negatively impacts your health."
] | [
"Some animals can make their own vitamin D, from the sun, etc. Others, however must take in vitamin D from the things they eat. Humans can also take in vitamin D from the foods they eat. Another example is vitamin C. Humans cannot make it, they must consume foods containing it. Many other animals, mostly obligate c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
When disconnecting a circuit (I.e. a car battery), why is it better to pull the negative side before the positive? | [
"Basically, if you take power off first and it touches any part of the engine / body it will complete the circuit (all parts are earthed) and it’ll spark like a mo’fucker. Take the earth off first and you remove that problem."
] | [
"Batteries generate hydrogen gas when the are charging. This can sometimes explode when connecting the battery cable as there are usually sparks. Ideally, connect the positive first, then connect the ground further away from the battery."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does blood rush to your head when you sit up quickly, but you hold limbs up to reduce blood flow when recovering from injury? | [
"It doesn't rush to your head when you stand up too fast, it rushes away from your head. The feeling of a headrush is the sudden drop in blood pressure in your skull from moving faster than it can compensate."
] | [
"When you're up and about and walking around, your heart has to work against gravity to pump blood up into your face. But when you have been laying horizontal in a bed for 8 or so hours it gives blood the opportunity to \"pool\" or \"settle\" in your face, resulting in puffiness. You'll get a more extreme example o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do some countries list the date day, month, year and others month, day, year and why isn’t there a standard? | [
"You should just google this. The real answer to this question is just “history and culture”. But it’s kind of an emotional topic for some people. Especially IT people."
] | [
"Isn't it so, that in Chinese they put the higher / more important bits first? Like in English you would talk about Seattly, Washington, USA, while the chinese would talk about USA, Washington, Seattly. Same with the date. it's year, month, day The last name is more important, so they put it first. It's even more i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why emojis are "big" news? | [
"They aren't big news. They are news that are a) cheap, because there is no journalistic work required. Unicode consortium says so, therefore it is so. No fact-checking required. and b) its something that lots of people can relate to and are affected by, even if just in a very minute way. Unfortunately, the times w... | [
"Creating content other people enjoy? Why are movies a thing? What do the creators get out of it? Why is youtube a thing? What do the creators get out it? Why (was) vine a thing? That's probably the more direct western analogue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does a record producer actually do? | [
"They help artist record songs. This includes multiple things from working with the sound engineer to adjust the mix, to tweaking lyrics, to helping craft the actual song. Producers tend to be very talented musicians themselves, so they can help the artist or band take an idea and transform it into a finished produ... | [
"What does the Pope handle on a day to day basis?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why Was Everything SO BAD for the poor in pre-revolution France? What should Louis XVI have done differently? | [
"I'd recommend taking this to r/askhistorians They have experts in most periods and places, and explain things clearly. They also provide sources for everything they say."
] | [
"Where do you mean? Europe? The US? Middle East? Africa? Eastern Asia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about History:",
"pos": "Represent the post about History:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
On some game platforms, it's possible to start playing the game midway through downloading it. How is that possible? Shouldn't you need all the files for the game to work? | [
"The game will load the stuff it needs to run first like the game engine and the first few maps, leaving textures, models and maps that appear later in the game until last."
] | [
"Developers often put the infrastructure for DLCs/expansions/whatever into the game before it is possible for players to access them. They do this for convenience, and to make update rollouts smoother. It's way easier to put pieces of something into the game one at a time until it's finished, then flip a switch whi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does taking Oxycodone make it harder to urinate? | [
"There are likely several mechanisms involved. Firstly, opioids seem to bind to spinal opioid receptors resulting in relaxation of the bladder. Opioids also seem to inhibit parasympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the bladder, resulting in a decreased sensation of fullness (decreased urgency). Opioids also seem ... | [
"Why does a post about the need to urinate make me have to pee?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
How do cells know what to do when every cell contains the same DNA? | [
"different areas of the dna are modified in different cells so they are more or less accessible to the enzymes which transcribe it into rna. different patterns of accessibility = different type of cell. epigenetics yallllllll."
] | [
"In short every cell has the DNA to become every other cell but it only uses the parts of it that it requires. So a muscle cell does have the DNA for a skin cell as well just doesn't use it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does it mean to think 'at the margin'? | [
"It means to think about what will be impacted directly by a change: If the price of gas drops by 5 cents a gallon, some people will buy gas that wouldn't at the higher price. So, if you're making a decision that might raise our lower the price of gas, make your decision based on _those_ people, not the people who ... | [
"Do you not understand on a financial level or on a moral level?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How come when your nose is stopped up, it seems like the snot gets dissolved when you stand? | [
"I've learned that when horizontal my mucous membranes tend to swell and thus can feel like congestion. It is not snot, just engorged (full) vessels in your nasal passages. I've been told by my ENT that this is mainly due to the fact that when lying down, your blood pressure in your head is higher (not working as h... | [
"Because it is happening at such high speeds. It essentially vaporizes when it comes out of your nose so it doesn’t seem like an equivalent to the snot you blow your nose into. Also when you are blowing your nose it’s generally because your nose is full, while sneezing happens as a reflex. Fun anecdote from me, I s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is a character arc and how is one created? | [
"Basically, in fiction, it's the concept of having a character change over the course of the story. A coward learns to be brave for instance. Most people like it when the change is gradual and makes sense based on the events of the story."
] | [
"what are the two meanings you think it has?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does acne often happen in specific areas of the face and not the rest? | [
"Acne happens when hair follicles are clogged with dead cells and oil from your skin. While these oil glands are everywhere on your body, they are in huge numbers on your face, upper back and upper chest. The more oil, the grater chance of a pore getting blocked, and a greater chance of becoming infected."
] | [
"> is there a difference between pimples on the forehead or chin or cheeks? Not really. A pimple is pretty much a pimple, no matter where it is. There are certainly other kinds of skin lesion, to be sure, but those too are what they are no matter where they occur, e.g., blackheads aren't pimples, but a blackhead on... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why don’t doctor’s offices just accept all insurance plans? | [
"Insurance agencies negotiate what they’ll pay doctors for performing types of care. If the insurance won’t pay the doctor what they think they are worth, the doctor can decline to accept that insurance."
] | [
"They would tell you how much it cost based on your insurance. Same goes for which doctor you want to go to. If you did not know, you would look up doctors, ask if they accept your insurance, and then make an appointment with them. It all revolves around health insurance. Ex. I have American Insurance. I would ask... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do smart phones not over heat? | [
"It's the same method how anything else doesn't overheat. As you use your phone, it heats up, and when it hits a predetermined point, it artificially limits your performance until the temperature drops back below the point - rinse and repeat. Of course, PUBG for your phone is not the same game as PUBG on your PC, a... | [
"If you encase your cellphone in a ziploc will you still be able to hear it ring inside? Waterproof does not mean soundproof."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do nature documentaries get such extreme close ups of animals without scaring them away? | [
"A 200mm lens or above on the camera which means they can be quite far away and hidden. For smaller animals a macro lens with the same concept. Or some just fake it and go to the zoo: _URL_0_"
] | [
"Hours and hours and hours. For instance, their scenes of the snow leopard, a few minutes in show time, took 3 years of effort. The birds of paradise took 300 hours of film time, spending 8 or 9 hours a day watching and waiting for the bird to be present and possibly start a mating dance or other interesting activi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come when you apply a glue stick to paper, the paper curls up? | [
"I believe it's because as the glue dries, it loses volume and shrinks, and both the glue and paper are stuck, so it contacts and wrinkles."
] | [
"Think tiny spray cans putting a tiny amount on the page that soaks it up. You can still smear it when it's wet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do electrons move like a wave, exactly? Same for photons? | [
"They don't actually \"move\" like a wave. The \"wave\" describes the probability that the electron is in a given location at a given time. The electron kinda... doesn't resolve its existence until it interacts with something. It's wierd and I may be describing it wrong, but the wave of probability is what propagat... | [
"Electromagnetic radiation(light, radio, microwaves, heat) does not require a medium to travel in. We used to think it did (The Ether) but discovered it didn't. Light is not just energy, as weird as it sounds, it is also mass. Just as a ball can fly through space, so can light (or radio waves)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do oysters make pearls? | [
"A sand granule (or any other small thing like a piece of shell or coral) gets inside the shell, lodging close to the oyster's body. It aggravates the oyster and to feel more comfortable the oyster starts coating the sand with spit which creates the round and smooth pearl."
] | [
"Because most people don't live where penguins live."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Will I always be able to use a pdf? | [
"Extremely unlikely there will be any problems. There is a huge amount of PDFs floating around. PDF is a common, well documented format with many independent implementations of it. As an example, you can still easily view PCX images, which is a file format from 34 years ago, and that today is completely obsolete. I... | [
"You aren't going to be able to do this with just one book."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Education:"
} |
How do animals get to islands and survive there? | [
"Varies depending on species. For the less obvious ones, it is usually by chance and almost always involves hitching a ride on something. Mice and rats used human ships to be transported around the world. Some smaller animals may be caught up in a storm and drift on wood to an island. The possibilities are endless... | [
"The short answer it's a island so the animals don't travel to other continents. Australia also lacks certain species and diseases for similar reasons. There is very little to no Rabies on Australia because animals transmitting the disease couldn't come from Asia and Europe. And the rabbit wasn't present until it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people like Fortnite? | [
"There's a steep learning curve for building in combat. That's what drew me in, being able to build your own cover and use it to position yourself all around your opponent. It's a unique mechanic"
] | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
When on YouTube on slow internet connection, why do ads load yet the actual video doesnt? | [
"The ads are served from different servers, probably from a Content Distribution Network (CDN), where copies are distributed to nodes all over the Internet. There are probably THOUSANDS of copies of those those ad videos, but only a few of the YouTube video, which does the same thing, but not as thoroughly. So, tho... | [
"The grey bar means nothing. Rather than loading the entire video for you to peruse through, youtube only loads a few seconds ahead of where you are to save on bandwidth because more often than not, the video is abandoned before it's watched."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Technology:"
} |
What are the differences psychology between reading a book and reading posts on social media? | [
"Psychology student here. When you read a book you usually have to use more cognitivie resources to understand it and social media posts have a purpose: make things go viral. So it has to be easier to read and understand. Also, context matters. For example, if you're on a philosophy subreddit, you're prone to find ... | [
"Check with your class resources. This is probably talking about something more specific that has been previously discussed in your classroom."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is this debris that falls off the sides of a rocket during it's launch? | [
"Mostly ice. The fuel for rockets is often cryogenic, that means it's super cold. So cold that what's normally a gas, like oxygen, condenses to make a liquid. Even really well insulated rockets get cold on the outside when you put something this cold in them. If you put a cold thing in the humid air of a place lik... | [
"It looks like it gets light enough by the end of the burning to be carried up by the hot air currents it's creating."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
when teaching babies two languages at once how do they not get confused? | [
"They simply learn there are multiple names for the same thing. They will undoubtedly mix the languages when communicating, but this is not indicative that they are confused. They know what they are saying and simply have to learn to isolate the languages to prevent other people from becoming confused."
] | [
"Because the students know how to read and write in their own language. In many languages the letter are identical. If you know one alphabet system learning to read another is easier then learning to read the first one. When you learn to write your own language you are learning to write a language you already can s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why can't people donate insulin like they donate blood? | [
"Your insulin is released from your pancreas as you need it to deal with the sugar in your blood. We can’t remove your pancreas to get at the bits that make the insulin because that would not only be inefficient but would also make you a diabetic. And you may carry diseases in your body parts that could infect some... | [
"Hi, phlebotomist at a blood bank. Our unused blood can be used for research and study at local hospitals and colleges. The excess beyond that that goes unused is medical waste. Please donate off and on every other year. If just ten more of the people that could donate did this, there would be absolutely no blood s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is it so difficult to come a consensus about medical information? | [
"Exactly because of what you said, everybody is different. Theres no exact amount of sleep we can say is the right amount because its up to the brain. It knows when it needs to wake, it uses sleep to preform maintenance, it could take a little more or less each day. Because there are so many different variations of... | [
"We'll be able to answer that question when we all agree on what intelligence means."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is sexual isolation not reversible? | [
"When the two populations have experienced enough different mutations that their offspring are not viable it is extremely unlikely that later mutations are going to sync up such that later offspring are viable. It isn't technically *impossible* but so unlikely as to be dismissed."
] | [
"> People not interested in sex with the other gender are obviously not beneficial for the survival of human race That's a pretty blatant assumption."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do self driving cars recognize stop signs? | [
"Have you ever those reCaptcha tests that ask you to select the squares with street signs in them? They are used to help teach self driving cars how to identify what is and isn't a street sign. Edit: CPG Grey does a video about it - _URL_0_"
] | [
"How does a drivered car? Humans regularly get into car accidents every single time there is snow."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
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