query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why does the home team have an advantage | [
"I think it's mostly down to familiarity with the environment and crowd support. Football (sigh, _soccer_) is a great example. Say you're playing a game at your home ground. Because you're so familiar with the pitch and the stands and the ad boards on the side and all the distances involved, you can focus on the t... | [
"Not any sort of expert but I wonder if it has to do with the pitch produced?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does adding more video memory to your integrated graphics work ? | [
"Integrated graphics chips take some of your shared system memory and use it for graphics. So, if you have 8 gigabytes total of system memory and dedicate 1GB of it for graphics then the rest of the system is left with 7GB to use. On most computer it's possible to change how much memory is dedicated to graphics. Th... | [
"Slow memory means that the CPU can't get the data fast enough to do CPU-intensive tasks. In practice, you might see a 5-10% change in performance by going to faster RAM. The only place it makes a sizeable difference is if your CPU has integrated graphics - in that case, you're basically trying to \"feed\" two devi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
the point in keyboard sticky keys | [
"To enable people whow lack full function of both of their hands to do hotkey combinations. Example: A person with one hand cant do ctrl-alt-del on most keyboards. So press shift 5 times, tap each key individually, and then turn sticky keys back off by pressing shift 5 times again."
] | [
"There is its called florescent lighting. Edit: typo"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:"
} |
how do they make magnets have different strengths, for tools or just regular magnets? | [
"Different elements have different strengths of magnetism. But also, I think you can mix the material with carbon to \"dilute\" it. I could be wrong, but here's an answer until a scientist enters the thread."
] | [
"A magnet is attracted to itself. They are made of shards of iron that are little magnets. They are mostly aligned so that there poles line up north to south, North to south just like lining up magnets. That's why if you break a magnet in half, you just made 2 smaller (weaker) magnets."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do some days feel faster and some extraordinarily slower? | [
"I think that it is slower because of being in an audience mode, things happening to me, whereas if in an active mode, things happen for me. Audience mode ponders moments, active mode initiates change. One reflects time (slow), one creates it (fast). ZoneKid Theory. 2019"
] | [
"It depends on how aware we are of the concept of time at that moment. When in deep focus, time seems to fly by, and while we are bored and restless, time seems to go by in snail phase."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
if an artist makes a cover or a remix of a song how does that work? Does the original artist get royalties and do you need their permission? | [
"Permission is not required to cover a song, but if you do make a cover - and profit off of it - there is a set rate that you must pay the owner of the composition copyright. this article goes in depth : _URL_0_"
] | [
"there is a contract, somewhere. if you actually purchase a physical copy of the music, there would be credit in the liner notes. depending on the agreement made, sometimes the other person gets credited in the song title or something, and sometimes its just an on-paper royalty deal. just because you don't know abo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about music:"
} |
What causes cavities and how do dentists fix them? | [
"Bacteria on the surface of your teeth consume sugar from the food and drink you ingest and secrete acid. The acid wears away at your teeth, creating holes called cavities. Dentists will drill out the hole and fill it with a material, then cap it off so it matches the countours of your other teeth."
] | [
"Fluoride doesn't kill bacteria. It strengthens the enamel on your teeth preventing cavities."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes a person to wake with a migraine? (How does a migraine happen if the person seemed to have slept well and the body was resting?) | [
"My migraines are caused by muscle tension, an extreme amount of tension builds in my neck and moves up into my head. Sometimes I'll wake up with a migraine of I slept in a bad position that tweaks my neck, or if I went to sleep with pain sometimes the pain keeps me tense all night and I wake up with a worse pain. ... | [
"Our brain goes through natural phases of sleep in cycles - to feel rested, your brain must go through 9-10 full cycles or so of the various stages of sleep (including REM which is when dreaming happens and the neural pathways are refreshed and lead to feeling rested). If your brain never enters into REM (a sleep d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
Why do long dark hairs pop up in random and otherwise hairless spots? | [
"I don't know about just any random one, but I do know about the monsters that grow out of moles: there is way more melanin which both results in dark hair, and also \"plumps\" it up/makes it thicker bc it's full of pigment. Same reason blondes generally have thin hair and black hair is crazy thick."
] | [
"They have very crinkly beard. The curlier a hair is the more likely you will have ingrown hair when it grows out. Many women have the same problem shaving bikini line."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are there so many different units used when describing the effects of radiation on people? What do they all mean? | [
"Curie (Ci) and Becquerel (Bq) measures the amount of ionising radiation released by a material (how many particles, rays, or neutrons is released in a given time period). Roentgen (R) and Coulomb/kilogram (C/kg) measures how much radiation travels through the air. Absorbed dose (rad) and Gray (Gy) measures the amo... | [
"High energy radiation causes injuries that look like burns. Also, since the beams travel in a vacuum there would be blood vessel damage that looked like bruising. How don't know how severe these injuries would be. That would be a function of the intensity of the radiation and the duration of exposure to these cond... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why toilets are made of porcelain | [
"Porcelain doesn't absorb water, doesn't stain easily, is durable and attractive and easy to clean, and works great for plumbing fixtures."
] | [
"At 10G your poop would crack the porcelain of your toilet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Is air blocking the view? | [
"Ok i kinda get the gist and yes air can block the view but only at very long ranges. When you see something off in the distance at the horizon the haze is the air interfering with light reaching yer eye."
] | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do professional athletes spit water? | [
"They're wetting their mouths and thinning out their saliva. They don't want to drink too much and get waterlogged, which can hamper their performance."
] | [
"Because they're not allowed to use chewing tobacco in the dugouts anymore"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does antibacterial soap work? Why isn't every soap antibacterial? | [
"Soap contains agents which will chemically dissolve dirt from your skin. However it will not directly attack cells. There are a few ways to make antibacterial soap. Firstly is to add poisonous chemicals like for example high levels of alcohols. This will kill anything and not specifically bacteria however the oute... | [
"Antibiotic overuse is breeding antibiotic resistant bacteria. As your mouthwash does not contain antibiotics, it is not breeding antibiotic resistant bacteria. Most mouthwashes contain mainly alcohol and some antiseptic compounds. So you are breeding mouthwash resistant bacteria. But it will make no difference in ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
How does soap remove bacteria/virus’ from hands | [
"Soap is a detergent, a surfactant. That is something which breaks down the surface tension of water so it will \"penetrate\" better. This is why you need soap to clean greasy dishes. Water + friction + detergent let's you get everything off your hands that you can."
] | [
"Anti bacterial properties are due to antimicrobial chemicals in the soap, anti microbial chemicals work on 3 criteria, exposure, concentration and duration of contact. Bubbles in the detergent are due to its emulsifying properties, meaning detergents can allow oil and water to mix. So yes bubbles clean oils and gr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do they measure your muscle to fat ratio? | [
"The most common method is to use a tool called calipers, which basically look like a small set of pliers that have numbers written on them to measure. They use the calipers to pitch someone's skin, and subcutaneous fat will limit how far the calipers can clamp. From there they refer to a chart that shows how this ... | [
"You build muscle and stimulate fat loss with exercise and burning calories. You can still lose weight by eating less, but if you also exercise you lower your risk for a lot of diseases related to your heart. Just my best guess honestly, I am not an expert on this at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How can tabloids run stories that are verifiably fake and not get sued into oblivion? | [
"Mostly because in most places it is actually really, really hard to sue somebody for libel. You have to demonstrate that the claims are faults, that the party making the claim knew they were faults, and that some quantifiable degree of damage has occurred. In addition, tabloids are often able to use refuge in auda... | [
"Public personas (politicians, stars, famous individuals, etc...) Do not have the same legal protections as the average person. It is very hard for a public persona to successfully sue anyone for libel or slander. It protects reporters so that they don't have to be afraid of retribution after each negative story."
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How are singing shows such as The Voice, The Four and American Idol scripted when they require live voting from the U.S/Globally? Are there any singing competitions that are completely scripted and if so, how is that done? | [
"The results could very easily be falsified. The producers can say X got Y% of the vote even if they didn't. They're probably not doing that though, but rather shaping the narrative through editing and trying to make voters feel a certain wait about contestants that they may not have felt without influence."
] | [
"Live TV show voting is not meant to be fair. It's meant to drive user engagement. They don't care if people vote a ton, hell, if they do it just shows that users are that much more engaged in the show. Votes aren't even accurate in many cases, and may or may not even be used in the actual show (the producers may j... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it important that animal should not become extinct? I don't see how it would have a major impact on the Earth overall. | [
"Some animals play major roles in an ecosystem. Bees for example were just added to the endangered list and are very important. Something like 80% of our grown food depends on them more than any other thing for pollination... if they disappear then so do our crops unless we start doing it manually by hand or start ... | [
"Cultural and personal values. It's not actually important from the perspective of the universe. The universe couldn't care less about human freedom haha."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Are the X-Ray machines in hospital dangerous and cause cancer, and if so why do they use it? | [
"High doses of xrays and gamma rays have been proven to increase cancer risks, but that's not the same as the exposure from an xray for diagnostic purposes. In those instances the exposures are very low power and the benefits of being able to accurately detect bone breakages far outweigh the risks."
] | [
"Animals are as sensitive to x-rays as you are, but they don't live as long or see the doctor as often."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What determines if an interior wall is load-bearing or simply a partition wall? | [
"In general, if the joists of the floor above sit directly on it, it's load bearing. A quick way to know without opening up your ceiling is if the wall on the floor above is in the exact same position, it's probably load bearing [source: I'm a structural engineer]"
] | [
"Buildings are designed with safety factors so typically it can lose a lot of integrity and still function how it was designed. Additionally only certain parts of the structure are load bearing or integral, a lot of the walls are for design and not for strength so they can safely be removed or modified entirely. Ho... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do pool tables know which ball is the cue ball when you scratch? | [
"Usually, the cue ball is of slightly different diameter so it can be mechanically sorted out. In some machines, the cue ball is the same size but has a metal core that trips a magnetic field sensor and electronically triggers some kind of separating device."
] | [
"In 8 ball, the 8 ball has to be pocketed last. If your cue ball is behind the 8 ball before you are ready, it makes your shot very difficult."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
The difference between a burn from fire/heat, a burn from infrared, sunburn, nuclear radiation burns, chemical burns. And frost burns. | [
"Burns indicate that cells of your skin died. If you touch fire, the heat of it will kill those cells. Sunburn is in fact similar. The UV-Rays go deeper into your skin and sometimes hit a cell. This cell will then die from becoming too hot. But one cell does not matter since you reproduce many of them a day. This e... | [
"If you are referring to blisters: First off, they have some fluid contained within them that varies depending on a few things. Secondly, It is your bodies way of trying to keep your skin safe after it has been damaged in some way. Most often, that damage is in the form of intense rubbing (i.e. friction). It can al... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Tiananmen square, 1989 | [
"1989 was a crazy year. There were huge demonstrations in Hungary (part of Soviet bloc at the time) for democracy and the Soviets started withdrawing their troops. Students in China began protesting for democratic reforms, the crowds kept growing for over a month. Some students went on hunger strike The Chinese gov... | [
"Never mind, really high. Just realized the video is from 1995"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why do fish have nostrils? | [
"Smell is a combination of receptors that detect compounds and a brain to interpret that. So we might detect the compounds released when baking bread and realize someone is cooking. A shark might detect the compounds found in blood and that might trigger a reaction to investigate a potential food source. But what t... | [
"do they squirm when you squeeze them? if so yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
When did we start using small denominations of time (sec, min, hour), and why is it so uniform between countries? | [
"Lets start at the front of the Question. The first clocks only hand the hour hand, you guessed the rest, circa 1600 +or-. {some should fact check the date of the earliest consumer clock, for accuracy}. By the 1700's the two hand clock appears, a bit later on the sweep\\[second hand\\]. Some clocks came with a cale... | [
"From what I know, 60 is widely used because it can be divided by 1,2,3,4,5,6 without a remainder and that's pretty useful. However, 60 is too big to be used everywhere, and numbers like 12 and 24 (number of months in a year, number of hours in a day) are also pretty good at being divided (well, not by 5, but you g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans feel the need to record concerts? | [
"To share with others or so that they can relive it later. Plus, recording a min or so of the concert isn’t going to stop someone from “living in the moment” considering the shows typically last much longer than that."
] | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do animated humans have only 4 fingers? | [
"Easier to draw and not as noticeable or distracting as other shortcuts would be"
] | [
"Why do you have so many lips and chins?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
What are lymph-nodes? | [
"So the body has a lot of vessels, right? Those are the highway. Lymph nodes are like a bunch of police stations that connect to the highways, and the white blood cells are like cops. They snatch up the bad guys that pass by (stuff your body wants to get rid of) and take them into the police station, where they’re ... | [
"The best thing you can do is to avoid misuse/ overuse of antibiotics. It is in foods/ meats as well. Most of the time antibacterial soaps are not necessary either. But for more details on the immune system, checkout these 2 Yale videos covering the immune system: 1: _URL_0_ 2: _URL_2_ Also a Yale video on antibiot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
why is it other planets like Mars, Uranus and Neptune can have storms that cover the whole planet but earth doesn’t? | [
"Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are nothing but storms- the outer layers of their atmosphere is just a mass of turbulent gas, but even the biggest, the Great Red spot on Jupiter, is much smaller than the Planet itself. No one storm covers the whole planet. Mars's dust storms are different. They tend to occur... | [
"I believe this was front page the other day, from what I got off of there, pretty much nothing. The earth has an unusually large moon, in comparison to most planets, and if something were to collide with it, it wouldn't move or explode or anytihng of that nature. We would actually prefer to have an asteroid hit th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does lightning have so much force if it's just electricity? | [
"Lighting can split trees because of the tremendous amount of energy released. It's such a tremendous discharge of power that it can super heat the moisture in the tree, so quickly as to cause the steam created to expand quickly enough to destroy the tree."
] | [
"Lightning doesn't travel at the speed of light, because it isn't light. Lightning is an electric discharge - it moves very fast, but not light speed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
How do QR codes work, and why can my phone recognize one before I get the entire thing in view of the camera? | [
"QR codes work in quite a complicated way, but the short answer is that they're designed to continue working even if damaged. You can cover something like 1/3 of the code and it'll still read, which is how the QR codes with logos and things in the centre still work - they aren't cleveley generated, they're just sla... | [
"I think QR codes are great. Honestly. The only problem is, I can't be bothered to download and open a QR code scanning app. I just don't care enough to take that shortcut. If I care enough I can do the thing the QR code is going to do for me, manually, faster than I can open the app and scan the code. Even if that... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does putting ice cream in liquid cause such big bubbles | [
"It's the butterfat. Fats and oils can spread out into very thin layers, which can surround other components of the liquid mix. When the bubbles pop, the fat is returned to the mix."
] | [
"The candy or the natural phenomena. You’ll get different answers. The candy is a caramel/butterscotch that gets baking soda added to it to make it full of holes. The stuff on the ocean is bubbles caused by turbulence In the ocean. When algae break down it gives the bubbles something to stick to making a foam."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Unconscious / instinctual human reactions question | [
"What you are describing is not a instinctual reaction all humans share, you most likely just happened to have seen a lot of people do it. I for example have seen other reactions from people more often than that one. The reaction does cool down your burned finger a little by inducing more air flow around the burn.... | [
"Try this from a psychology point of view, try a combination of these effects: _URL_1_ _URL_3_ _URL_0_ _URL_4_ _URL_2_ Each tend to support a preference for early in life circumstances and a reinforcement of prior positive memories/opinions. There is no single theory that fully explains this."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't wheel rotations charge an electric car battery? | [
"It absolutely can have a wheel charge a battery It's called regenerative braking. But doing so slows down the car. S What you cant have is one battery motor driving the car faster and another one charging and slowing the car."
] | [
"Put a magnet on the rotating body and have it move past a coil.. Or put the coil on the rotating body and the magnet stationary... That's how a generator works"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why (according to my teacher) is the equator not perpendicular to Earth’s axis? | [
"The Earth's axis is tilted about 23.5 degrees with respect to its orbital plane. This tilt is largely responsible for seasons. The equator is precisely in the middle of the planet, perpendicular to the poles, and is thus also tilted 23.5 degrees. The Earth's orbital plane, from our perspective on the ground, is ca... | [
"No. The poles don't depend on the position of the Sun. They depend on the position of the otherwise apparently fixed field of stars. The Earth's rotation is at a 23.5˚ angle to the plane containing the centers of the Sun and the Earth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't the complex numbers be extended into three dimensions? | [
"The quaternions would break, since ij = k. If you try to ignore anything with a non-zero k, you have to also limit many multiplication operations. This is very general - there is no structure that obeys similar rules to addition/multiplication in the complex numbers and has two roots of -1. If you try to create it... | [
"That's like saying 1 is the only real number. All others are derived from it, i.e 5 = 5 *1. > Why is 1/0 not considered an imaginary value? Because an imaginary number has a specific definition. In some extended complex planes 1/0 is defined, for example the Riemann Sphere, where it is equal to infinity. But in t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how is paperless better than paper if paperless needs constant energy to be viewed | [
"The amount of power it takes to view and store an electronic document is much lower than the creation of the paper and the fuel it takes to be driven/flown to your city. It also doesn’t go into a landfill or burned."
] | [
"Because not everyone who needs documents signed has computers. In many ways if you need a piece of paper that has a signature, sending it from machine that reads paper directly to machine that prints paper could certainly be more efficient. SO the main reason is that we're still dependent on paper records for thin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are some of the physiological differences between a night of normal sleeping and a full night laying down awake? | [
"After one night, nothing other than what you mentioned. After a few days, you’ll start to become delirious and may even hallucinate."
] | [
"It also messes with your sleep cycle. I'm afraid I can't remember exactly how it goes about doing this, but I saw a documentary where the person who the sleep-scientists gave several large glasses of red wine ended up staying in REM and light sleep relatively longer, and only attaining deep sleep for a short time ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
how do HOAs actually have any power to enforce their rules? I.e. if I bought a house in one and refused to abide by their rules what gives them the power to fine me? | [
"Usually as part of the purchase, you would have signed an agreement to abide by the HOA. It should be a standard part of the purchase process of any property covered by an HOA. \\[should be one of the dozens of pieces of paper you signed if you bought your property in the US\\]"
] | [
"Because it can be difficult to determine if they have a legal right to live there. Especially if they've been paying electric and water bills for a while. That's not something the police can just roll up and determine quickly. So they have to go argue it in court, but in the meantime they're allowed to remain on t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does wool or microfiber clothing draw moisture away from the body? | [
"Microfiber - the actual individual fiber - is shaped like a straw and wants to fill itself up with moisture. So it is shaped to pull moisture away from the body into its straw. This also applies to other clothing. It pulls the water off your clothing and holds it. Wool is similar, but has a different structure. B... | [
"There are different types of polyester. Athletic wear polyester is different, and the high quality stuff is good at wicking away moisture so it can dry more quickly. Cotton takes FOREVER to dry out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Textile technology:"
} |
how the physics of a single orbit of a moon creates two high tides in a day. | [
"Imagine Earth as a ball inside a bubble of seawater. The Moon's gravity pulls the water towards it on the side closest to it. That's easy to imagine. However, the thing to remember is that the gravitational force depends on distance. This means that if you were to draw a line from the point directly underneath the... | [
"No and no. The sun moves in a direction, therefore we move with it. A full circle a year later is in a total different place. Also, earth is marginaly closer/further from the sun every circle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is it that the human eye can only focus on a small pinpoint while the rest of the peripheral vision is blurry? | [
"In the centre of our retina is a small spot of an extremely high concentration of receptors called the fovea. This concentration falls off rapidly as you move away from this spot. The fovea corresponds to the centre of our vision, which is why things are really clear where we focus but blurry elsewhere."
] | [
"you eye has two different kinds of sensors. One senses light (on or off, called a rod) and the other senses colors, called cones. The cones are concentrated around the center of the back of your eye so the main focus of your sight has good colors, and the \"edges\" have better black and white sensitivity. So when ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
How do supermarkets not detect your stuff as stolen if you buy multiple of them? | [
"Most products like that don't have security tags. Honestly, the only food product I've seen with a security tag is meat."
] | [
"It's more than likely an item of high-theft, most stores will do this if too many of a certain item go missing. In this case people have been stealing a lot of condoms from them so they beefed up security on them"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is the letter 'Y' only 'sometimes' considered a vowel? | [
"\"Y\" is considered a vowel when it can be used to replace \"a, e, I, o, or u\". As in \"shy\" or \"Mykonos\". \"Y\" is considered a consonant when used in words like \"yellow\" or \"yak\"."
] | [
"Why does this small 'a' look nothing like a small 'a' when you write it...?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why belly button lint is always dark colored even if I wear a white shirt. | [
"I imagine this is due to it being a build up of small fibres rolled up into a ball and mixed with sweat/oil. This is just the colour it accumulates to"
] | [
"People tell me that this happens to mine as well. Green eyes if I'm wearing green, brown otherwise."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What causes animals to live in packs/ herds and what causes them to live alone? | [
"There are benefits to living in a group and costs to living in a group. Depending on the animal, its diet and its habitat one will outweigh the other. An animal's behavior is optimized over many generations by evolution. Pack hunting for wolves is more successful for each member than if they each hunted alone. A s... | [
"Dogs are mostly descendant from wolfs, very social pack creatures, while domestic cats are mostly descendant from African wild cats. African wild cats are smaller and less social than wolves, a huge animal used to living in groups is a lot more likely to defend it's pack mates than a frail cat who has never really... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are aquarium viewing areas always so dark, especially when compared to the lighting of the tanks? | [
"The light on your side had to be darker than the light inside the tank because otherwise it would be very difficult to see in. when it's dark outside you can see in through people's windows, but they can't see you outside."
] | [
"They are only partially reflective. If you look at a standard window, you can see through but you can also see a bit of reflection in them, especially if trying to peer into a dark room from a sunny outdoor location. One-way mirrors are closer to reflective windows than true mirrors, and they require the observati... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why does entropy only increase? | [
"Take a chess set and dump it out. What are the chances it lands with every piece set up in the correct position and ready to Play chess? What are the chances of it landing in a jumbled mess? Every time you reorganize something the chance of it moving to a state that is messy instead of nest is simply massive."
] | [
"Not sure if this is enough detail, hope it helps though. Zeroth law- if system 1 is in equilibrium with system 3, and system 2 is in equilibrium with system 3, then systems 1 and 2 must be in equilibrium. First law- energy is always conserved, never lost or created. Second law- entropy always increases, always Th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why do balls have a seam down the middle? | [
"We all start developing as females, so the ball seam is where a vulva would have split in two, but didn’t."
] | [
"Follow up question, why do I have like three times as many hairs around my left nipple than my right one?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How are beehives made? | [
"Well, I'm not a bee doctor but I love nature shows. They puke it up. Bees are able to process nectar into a few forms. One of those forms is beeswax. They make it extra thick and sticky, and it becomes a structural element. They basically digest it and spew out the wax into honeycombs. Yep, it's spit up and forme... | [
"Reason # 1 : Food spoils more quickly in hot climates. Spices are preservatives. Reason #2 : Not many edible and spicy plants in colder climates."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do pidgeons move their head back and forth while walking? Is it possible for them to stop doing that? | [
"Pigeons (and chickens, and indeed most birds) move their head back and forth to stabilize their vision when they move. In humans, it's called the [vestibulo-ocular reflex](_URL_0_), and it's why our vision appears smooth and stable when we walk: activation of our vestibular system (the structures in our inner ears... | [
"> Are they able to close off their airways while they eat or do they have a separate process ? They close off their airway while they eat, much like how humans close our airway when we swallow. Get a cup of water, hold your breath, and take a drink while holding your breath. This is something you can do perfectly ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How come if water is clear, snow is white? | [
"What if I told you snow is not white? But the light passing through it is obscured. Same idea behind glass being clear normally but if you tried to look through a bunch of crushed glass you'd have a bad time. The crystals formed in snow prevent light from passing as clearly and make the snow appear \"white\""
] | [
"Because ocean water is salt water and lake water is fresh water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is Indigo considered a part of the "7" colors of the rainbow, when it is a tertiary colour, and is very much a blend of blue/purple? | [
"Isaac Newton was a bit superstitious and believed that there should be 7 primary colors... ROYGBIV. Realistically, blue, indigo, and violet were very close together and should have been 1 or maybe 2 colors. Additionally, some people believe that the common-language definitions of colors have shifted. Blue meant mo... | [
"Adding salt to water actually makes it boil at a higher temperature, not a lower temperature. But it takes a lot of salt to considerably change the temperature, adding something like 5 teaspoons of salt to a pint of water will raise the boiling point of water from 212°F to 213°F. Also ROYGBIV isn't quite incorrect... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What the heck is your “inner ear” and what does it do? | [
"It's the part of the ear which makes it actually possible for you to hear something. Soundwaves hit your eardrum which moves stuff in your middle ear. Inner ear converts it to electrical impulses that brain can understand and interprets it as sound. Also inner ear contains tubular system with liquid and hair insid... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Health and wellness:"
} |
Why humans are naturally drawn to sing along to the radio? | [
"It's not the radio, it's the songs. People don't generally feel compelled to sing along with classical music or free jazz. \"Pop\" music is created with a \"hook\" in mind. Simple basic beats that the general public respond to. It's not easy to explain why it works, but there are formulas of chord changes and patt... | [
"Different, but not too different. That's the golden rule. That's why you aren't attracted to trees, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
How do videogame hacks work? | [
"A lot of times they involve changing values the game has loaded into memory - like figuring out where the game has stored how many lives you have and changing the number to 999. Other times it can involve something more simple like altering .ini settings and such."
] | [
"How do you define your hints of schizophrenia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are new graphics cards and similar technology made so quickly? Are advances in that area really being made that frequently? | [
"They aren’t really groundbreaking technology changes. They’re basically refinements on the same tech to make each individual part smaller, and as a result more power efficient and often faster. You can also fit more into the same size device which helps achieve even more power. They are not designed quickly. Desig... | [
"Because we don't know how to make the energy storage that dense, yet, or how to manufacture that precisely. Small gains and new techniques are constantly being realized and build on top of one another, hence how we got to where we are today."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
On manual gearboxes in cars (stick shift) - with rare exceptions, usually in rally cars with sequential gearing - why is the gearstick connected to the gearbox via a 'H' pattern (or variation) instead of just a straight-line 1-2-3-4-5-6... etc? | [
"When you push the gear selector forward, or pull it back, you're pushing (or pulling) a pair of gears into contact with each other. But you can't push one gear through another to get to the next gear: you have to pull the selector back out, more it into another slot, and push a different gear into engagement."
] | [
"Normal transmission: engine- > clutch- > gearbox- > wheels. Procedure is this when changing gears: clutch decouples the engine from the gearbox then the gears are shifted by a lever that moves a cog around and then the clutch couples that to the engine again. A dual clutch gearbox is essentially two different si... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do the engines of submerging vehicles (submarines, diving machines) work? As a lamen, are these combustion engines? Where do they get air from? | [
"Most of the time submersibles are powered by batteries as in old diesel submarines (the diesel engine recharges the batteries through drawing air in a snorkel, meaning they must surface regularly) or are powered by nuclear energy. As you suspected an air-breathing engine doesn't work underwater."
] | [
"Yes their propulsion system is self contained and doesn't need oxygen in the air to function. This is a lot like how space crafts bring their own oxidizer along with the fuel."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is collecting rain water illegal? | [
"For those states that restrict collection of rainwater, the reasons seem to be a combination of environmental (water you collect is water that isn't going into the land where it usually would), legal (water you collect isn't going to someone/something that has a legal right to it), and public health (water you col... | [
"It's illegal in a huge number of jurisdictions already. Where do you live?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that you use U R and I when calculating electricity but you use V R and A in most real world situations? | [
"U is sometimes used for voltage because it stands for Unterschied, which in German means \"difference\". V stands for Volt which is the unit of electromotive force. V is used more in the US. I stands for the French phrase Intensité du courant, (current intensity). A stands for Ampere which is the unit of electric ... | [
"Both are entirely correct, as the voltage change is what drives the current change. Back in the early days of electricity, it seems more members of the public understood the notion of current."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Are boiling bubbles the same kind of bubbles as carbonic bubbles i.e. in water? | [
"No. Boiling bubbles are made of steam, that is, H2O in gaseous form. By contrast it appears you're referring to bubbles made of CO2, or you may be confusing these with carbonic acid."
] | [
"Gasses are more soluble in a liquid like water when it is really cold, and its solubility goes down as temperature increases. In hot water, a lot of those dissolved gas bubbles have left the water, whereas in cold water, the gas bubbles stay dissolved in the water easily. Thats why you see more bubbles in cold wat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is statistical significance determined in formulas | [
"To be more specific about Z-scores, there's something called the CLT, which tells us that if you take samples, it doesn't matter what the shape of the data you're taking is, the sample average will *always* approximate a gaussian, or bell curve. Because it always becomes a bell curve, you can use that to make pred... | [
"At the most basic level, it is simply a set of instructions to be followed until a desired output is achieved."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
The difference between getting revenge for someone and avenging someone | [
"Revenge is personal. You get revenge on someone that harmed you. You avenge someone by getting revenge on behalf of someone else. For example, you kill the man who wounded you, you got revenge. You kill the man who wounded your friend, you’ve avenged your friend. Edit: grammar"
] | [
"not an expert, but hating what had damaged you or your loved ones seems natural. so you seek Revenge to make sure that it won't happen again. consider also that most people only seek vengeance if they can actually do something about it, like nobody swears revenge against nature for a tornado or for their grandma d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do some TV adverts have out of sync audio | [
"Often because they were originally shot in another language (German ones are common on British TV) and have been dubbed on the cheap."
] | [
"They can edit the film to cut insignificant parts, speed up the playback ever so slightly, adjust the number and length of commercial spots, credit speed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does a bicycle work ? | [
"I assume you mean how a bike stays upright, which is because the front wheel's axle is in front of the steering pivot, meaning turning the wheel while the bike is moving forward will create a small force to correct it, resulting in a stable system. Interestingly, a bike is unstable going backwards (try rolling a b... | [
"Why can you understand ozzy when he sings but not when he talks? How exactly is a rainbow made? How exactly does a sun set? How exactly does a posi-trac rear-end on a Plymouth work? It just does."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Does space time exist within the empty parts of the universe? | [
"The fabric of spacetime is never truly \"empty.\" According to quantum mechanics, \"empty\" space has a zero point energy that is non-zero, which is to say empty space actually has energy. Also, the absence of matter does not mean spacetime doesn't exist. Spacetime is a term that generally refers to the universe ... | [
"No, every point in the universe is at the center of an observable portion of the entire universe, there are no privileged or special locations."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do companies need to grow? Why can't a company that is successful, making a good profit for its shareholders and employing a lot of people, continue doing what it's doing? | [
"Without continually gaining market share, companies will likely be pushed out by larger competitors who have more resources/access/ownership. They won’t be able to generate the necessary finances to ensure long-term competition and will eventually be pushed out. Edit: I answered the initial question, not the foll... | [
"There are two types of earnings you can have by holding stocks: capital gains and dividends. Capital gains are when you buy the stock at one price and sometime in the future you sell it for more. Thus, if you sell it for less, you have a capital loss. Dividends are when the company pays part of its earnings out as... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When you see a picture taken on the moon why does the “sky” look black? Shouldn’t it be bright cause it’s also getting hit from direct sunlight? | [
"The Earth has a substantial atmosphere. The moon does not. Earth's atmosphere scatters sunlight as the light passes through it. This is what makes our sky bright and blue. The moon has no atmosphere to scatter light, so the sky is always dark and full of stars."
] | [
"Stars are not usually visible in photos taken in space, because the said pictures are most of the times taken on the side that's facing the sun. And the brightness of the object they're shooting is much higher than the stars. That will wash out the light from the stars. As a test, try taking a picture of the nigh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do atomic bombs work? | [
"Its not a single atom. It is many many atoms. Splitting one atom releases a small amount of energy. Splitting an atom will often release neutrons, which can hit large atoms, similarly splitting them. This becomes a chain reaction which in the end releases a lot of energy."
] | [
"If magnets are magic, is gravity magic too? Fundamental forces, yo. They run the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does adding spin to a bullet using rifling make the gun more accurate? | [
"It is conservation of momentum, in this case rotational momentum. One of the major problems with early ammunition was that it tended to tumble unpredictably and this would interact with the drag of the air to move them off target. A rotating bullet though tends to want to keep rotating which means that changing wh... | [
"Well do you know how magnets work? They pull metal towards them don't they? Well a railgun uses a series of magnets to accelerate a piece of metal to an incredible velocity. These are preferred because they go much faster than conventional firearms, and are much more accurate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is P value and why is 0.05 so important? | [
"There are a lot of wrong explanations here. P value is **not** the probability of the results occurring by random chance. It's the probability of obtaining the results **if the null hypothesis is true**."
] | [
"Standard deviation (SD) - representation of how far away from the sample mean a score is. For example, sample meam of IQ is 100 and SD of 15. If I scored 1 SD above the mean, that means I have an IQ of 115. Confidence intervals (CI) - how sure are you that the score you received was an actual case and not just a f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is Pulse Width Modulation? | [
"\"Pulse width modulation\" is a way of simulating analog signal via a digital pin on some microcontrollers. Basically, it turns the pin on during a fraction of the time it would normally be on in a given time period to simulate a stronger or weaker signal. If you want an \"analog\" signal of 50% of full strength, ... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does light separate if you look at it from an angle? | [
"> I also wear glasses There it is, it is classic chromatic abberation. The refractive index of the lens material varies at different wavelengths (light of different colors is bent different amounts) so it splits colors apart. This is often most apparent at the edges of the lens as care is taken to minimize such di... | [
"The twinkling effect which causes brightening/dimming/color change is caused by diffraction (bending) of light in the atmosphere. It is the same reason why if you have a glass of water with a straw in it, the straw will look like it's in a different place underwater than in the air. Or, if you are looking at a pon... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If whales breath oxygen, why will they die so quickly if beached? | [
"I believe the suffocate. They weigh so much that they are unable to properly breathe out of water. Something similar to you being unable to breath if someone is sitting on your diaphragm. Also, I would imagine the vast difference in temperature between water and atmosphere would do them harm."
] | [
"They get it from the food that they eat. Whales, and dolphins, can't starve to death, they die of dehydration first. They do get a little bit from sea water but their kidneys can't remove much salt so if they accidentally drink too much sea water when they eat that could kill them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Marine biology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Marine biology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about biology:"
} |
Why is inflation necessary in an economy, and why is it hard to revert it? | [
"Small amounts of inflation encourages economic activity. If you know that the dollar you have now will buy less in the future, you are incentivized to spend your money now instead of holding on to it. An ideal scenario economically would be approximately zero inflation, because it is good to save money and spend m... | [
"Low interest rates make loans easier and stimulate investment. High interest rates make loans more difficult and discourage investment. Central banks use interest rates as a tool to try to increase economic growth or decrease it. Usually what they do is they watch the economy and they lower interest rates when une... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why arent there city compost/biodegradable waste programs similar to recycling and trash rather than just sending it all to the landfill? | [
"There are. For example, [Minneapolis](_URL_0_) has a separate bin for organics."
] | [
"It really depends on where you live. Some states now have no dump sites. In many places any trash you leave on the street will go to a storm sewer drain and drain into a nearby creek and then to the river then to the ocean where it does no good. Some places burn all their trash and then dispose of the waste in a l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If you burn or cut off your fingerprints, would you grow back a set identical to the ones you had before? | [
"I burnt my thumb and index finger tips on the stove 3/4 weeks ago. It didnt come back as it was before and my phone doesn't recognize my new thumb print"
] | [
"If I remember correctly, from a high school class I took 20 years ago, you have 7 layers of skin. Fingerprints and birthmarks, such as freckles, exist on the lower most levels. When your skin regenerates, it only regenerates the top 5 layers, but uses the 2 lowest layers as a blueprint. If I'm mistaken, someone pl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
How do instant fog windows work? | [
"Liquid crystals embedded in the glass are activated by electricity. They then turn and scatter light that tries to pass through them."
] | [
"How much do they cost vs how much will they generate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why can’t we put mussels and clams in rivers and lakes to clean them? | [
"The Great Lakes are actually being filtered by invasive mussels to the point where there isn't enough microalgae to go around for native species. I read an article the other day about how Lake Michigan was actually getting too clear! Go figure; awesome when at the beach but apparently terrible for native fish/inve... | [
"Because they've been treated to remove bacteria, which can grow by feeding on the material. Once you open it, you've exposed it to bacteria again. You can't get the cat out of the bag again.. wait is that how that goes?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What does “remastered” mean in terms of old songs? What do they do to it? | [
"An album is recorded with multiple tracks (amount of tracks can vary) which is then mixed down to mono or stereo and transferred to a master recording. This master recording (or copy, or copy of a copy, and so on) is what's used to press CDs, LPs, streaming media, etc. The original mastering process may not be hig... | [
"It's usually a cover they can't afford the rights to, or something that doesn't fit in well with the rest of the album. The same is usually true for unlisted tracks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do people care so much about plastic water bottles when most modern plumbing uses plastic pipes? | [
"Different plastics and conditions. Most chemical leaching occurs from heat/sun exposure creating a reaction and leaking chemicals into the water. This is, usually, only a issue when bottles are reused, as they are meant to be disposable."
] | [
"I have not investigated the science behind it but what I have been told sounded plausible enough for me to get a stainless steel flask. Over time the plastics break down and leech hyrocarbons into whatever is in the container. Most plastic bottles have warnings about keeping them out of sunlight because UV light q... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are some books (mostly reference and educational books) printed with two columns of text, as opposed to novels with one column? | [
"Reference and educational books tend to have smaller type than novels. Smaller type means more words per line and it is harder to make sure you don't skip a line while you are reading. Also, information in textbooks and references tends to be much more dense than in novels. If you miss a word in a novel, you can ... | [
"When books are made they are printed on large sheets, which are then folded, bound together, and trimmed. In a normal sized book there will be 16 pages on one sheet (8 on each side). Unless your book has an exact multiple of 16 as the number of pages, there have to be some blanks - and they will usually be arrange... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Books:"
} |
Why is it that the skin on your face has a different texture than the palm of your hand or other parts of your body? | [
"Thickness. Face is used for expression to others, needs to be more malleable. Bottom of your foot is to be walked on. More of a callous than anything. Palms are in between, needs to be thick enough to be protected but thin enough to feel subtle changes."
] | [
"> is there a difference between pimples on the forehead or chin or cheeks? Not really. A pimple is pretty much a pimple, no matter where it is. There are certainly other kinds of skin lesion, to be sure, but those too are what they are no matter where they occur, e.g., blackheads aren't pimples, but a blackhead on... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why is it better to compost food scraps/garden clippings rather than put them in landfill? Wouldn't they have the same environmental impact regardless of where they biodegrade? | [
"Composting is an actual biological process that requires certain steps and conditions in order to properly breakdown and gain access to the nutrients. Which can then be added to soil to fertilize it. When the same stuff is sent to a landfill it gets buried under a mound of water tight clay, essentially locking it ... | [
"It goes to a landfill where it gets compacted and buried. Eventually when the landfill is full it gets capped with dirt and rock and just left. There are a lot of ways to manage trash that result in less harm to the environment and less overall waste. They are all more expensive than landfilling though. The bigges... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does soap clean your hands and how is it different from hand sanitizer? | [
"Hand sanitizer is like a nuclear bomb, it destroys the germs. Soap is like oil, the germs can’t hold on and slide off your hands."
] | [
"Soap is not really antibacterial. But bacteria survives in the oils and dirt on your skin, which soap and water removes, along with most bacteria. This mechanism is not something that a strain of bacteria can develop resistance to, as much as it cannot become resistant to alcohol or high temperatures. There are so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
why is it now we’ve just noticed all the insects disappearing and how is this happening? | [
"We have known for a long time, but every reason why or attempt to fix just leads back to that we are just over populated with greedy humans..... That is a touchy subject when discussing how to fix."
] | [
"you don't really adapt to having no food. learning how to stop killing bees is probably more worth our time than walking around with cotton swabs pollinating plants by hand also \"it was going to happen anyway\" is not a good argument. everyone dies eventually murder is still illegal"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What's the difference between DC and AC? | [
"Think of a wire as a tube that electrons flow through. DC pushes electrons through that tube the same direction all the time. A.C. pushes electrons forward for a fraction of a second, then pushes them the other direction for a fraction of a second, then forward again."
] | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does hot water make a tea bag blow up like a balloon? | [
"The bag has some air in it. When you pour on the water, this coats the surface of the bag and seals the air in. The temperature of the water heats the air inside, which expands, making the bag appear to have been blown up."
] | [
"Those things have holes in them for the air to escape. So they have to replace the air that is lost. Why are there holes? Think of a balloon, if you slam a balloon against the wall (analogy for kids jumping on castle) the balloon will burst. But if the balloon is not tied, when you slam it the air will escape and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do antiseptics kill single celled organisms like bacteria on contact but not kill our cells that contact them? | [
"Because the cells that contact them are typically already dead. Our outer layer of skin is actually kind of like 'armor' of dead cells. Those cells keep the antiseptic from getting inside the body. This is why you can use bleach to wash the floor, but if you inject it into yourself you die. Painfully. Do not inje... | [
"No. Antibiotics fight infections in the body through subtle means that the bacteria can become immune to. Bleach kills all living things and one cannot become immune to it. It's like how a human can become immune to a virus, but can not become immune to falling into a volcano. Unfortunately, bleach cannot be used ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Microbiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Microbiology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Microbiology:"
} |
Why do lightbulbs glow after they are turned off? | [
"Different reasons for different technologies. The cause for incandescent/halogen, and even discharge lamps has been well-covered already: because of thermal mass (the amount of heat it can hold on to). & #x200B; But you may also notice that fluorescent and LED fixtures still glow. With LED sources, it could be a ... | [
"Thermocycling affects the life of the filament in bulbs. Every time you turn on and off a bulb the energy pushed through the filaments weakens it. If you have a bulb that always stays on and a bulb that you turn on and off every day, the bulb that always remains on will last much longer. I have bulbs that I never ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Electrical engineering:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Electrical engineering:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Electrical engineering:"
} |
How does getting your tubes tied work? | [
"The eggs get released on schedule and you still have your period and all of that lovey mess it involves. The only difference is that the egg runs into the scar tissue/ligation point and stops. Eventually the egg just dies and is collected/reabsorbed by the body. & #x200B; As far as day to day life, as long as th... | [
"Depending on the type of surgery, it would definitely hurt a lot more."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How come blood transfusions can work even though the foreign blood cells contain the wrong DNA? | [
"Apart from anything else, red blood cells don't have DNA. That's the reason they can't reproduce; they're manufactured elsewhere in the body."
] | [
"We *do* reject blood if it is the wrong blood type and has antigen markers that our bodies reject. Plasma doesn't contain cells so rejection is rare. Organs contain even more different types of cells which can be recognized as foreign which is why our bodies reject them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
what is gonzo journalism? | [
"Gonzo Journalism is a writing style whereby the facts and context matter to the story: **Gonzo** (first person experiential writing ala. Hunter S. Thompson, Studs Turkle, and many journalists trained in ethnographic research and writing). **Journalism** (reporting the facts as they pertain to a context. To be cle... | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
A cell splits to become 2 cells of equal size. at what point did the cell gain matter in the process? | [
"It didn't. The two new cells are smaller than the one which split started out as. All of the requisite size gain happened before the split, and both can increase further in size afterwards."
] | [
"It depends on how much mass and spread out over what amount of time. Are you increasing the volume to keep the density the same, or keeping the same volume but increasing the density?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about writing:"
} |
Why is that although lakes/ponds freeze on the surface first, they melt off the surface last? Or does it just appear this way because water leaks around and back to below the ice? | [
"You've basically got it. Water is weird in that its solid form is less dense then its liquid one. Which is why ice floats. Now when ice starts to melt the water will start to pool on the the ice and depending how thick the ice is, it will either continue to pool until it melts through to the water or if the ice is... | [
"The biggest reason is that salt water doesn't keep its salt when it evaporates. Only the fresh water part turns to vapour and it leaves the salt behind. So you have only fresh water in clouds. Those clouds produce the snow that falls on mountains and the poles where it's colder, and forms glaciers and ice caps res... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why do shaving cuts bleed so much? | [
"Likely has something to do with the thin razorblade('s) and how well they are for cutting soft material in general. If the comment is in regards to shaving the facial area. The face contains an obscene amount of small blood vessels."
] | [
"do they squirm when you squeeze them? if so yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Beauty and grooming:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Beauty and grooming:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is a tax return? | [
"You're correct. You get taxes withheld from your paycheck. But those taxes are just an estimate of what you will actually owe. When you started your job you filled out a W4 form which helped calculate how much taxes they would withhold, based on things like whether you have dependents, whether someone claims you a... | [
"The fee pays to provide the service for free calls without paid service. Edit: More of an explanation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Telecommunications:"
} |
Why men can't move thier penis without closing their butthole? | [
"The penis doesn't have any muscles in it. The only way to move the penis is by contracting and releasing the surrounding muscles, which are the pelvic floor muscles, i.e. the same muscles that control your anal sphincters."
] | [
"They don't. Try pushing up on your taint and moving forward to your balls to \"squeeg\" the last drops out when you are finished pissing. You're welcome."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
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