query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
why does putting alcohol on a cut sting? | [
"It lowers the temperature threshold for certain skin receptors by as much as ten degrees. These receptors are responsible for tellin your brain when your skin is getting too hot. The alcohol activates those sensors ten degrees below usual so it feels like you’re burning although your skin and the alcohol may both ... | [
"It will cause water to try and leave the bacterial cell. If the cell loses too much water too quickly, it will die. This is also why it hurts so damn bad to get salt in an open cut."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the tingling sensation between my eyes when there is something near my forehead? | [
"It only happens if you are aware of something that close, and it is because your brain is anticipating contact. I like it, it can be kind of hypnotic."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Species with naturally small populations are considered endangered? | [
"The key is that the population must be in decline or under threat for it to be endangered. For example, the [Eurasian Lynx](_URL_1_) is classified Least Concern even though there are only about 8,000 in the wild. Conversely, there are at least about 100,000 [Western Lowland Gorillas](_URL_0_) in the wild, and the... | [
"Extinct in simple terms mean they don't exist anymore - as in nobody has seen any for long enough that it's considered unlikely anybody will ever see them again. Generally done via observation - scientists observe the animals habitat for a period of time and count how many they see - if the answer is consistently ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
where does the money go when markets fail/collapse? | [
"> It's not like the money becomes literally deleted Except that it does. The idea of a market collapse is that the value of investments (companies, etc) are reduced such as if they were overvalued in a market bubble. As it is simply the viewpoint of the public at large how much things are worth that changing makes... | [
"what makes you think society is fiscally dependent on the stock market?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do photographers/astronomers get the super colourful pictures of nebulas? | [
"Normally, nebula emits/reflects light beyond visible spectrum. Infrared, radio wave, ultraviolet, etc. Scientists took pictures of them with equipment that can capture light in those wavelength. Then they would add color to those pictures so we can appreciate the beauty of existence."
] | [
"Yes, but not to the degree you see in pictures. In a very dark place, with no moon, you can faintly see the Milky Way. Thousands of stars are visible and it's still pretty spectacular. The pictures you see on the internet of vibrant night skies are made by taking many long exposures and combining them with softw... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about science:"
} |
Why do scammers use iTunes gift cards | [
"Gift cards, any gift cards, can be resold on the secondary market through exchanges like [CardPool](_URL_0_). Everyone knows what iTunes is, and it would seem that iTunes is a popular gift card on the secondary market where the scammers are based."
] | [
"There are sites that will pay you cash (a fraction of the face value, mind you) for gift cards and gift card codes. Take the ill gotten card codes, launder them for cash."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do birds know the exact location of their nests even though they are far away from it | [
"The same way you know how to get back to your house when you're not close to it. You know the area, the landmarks, the roads and buildings, all the things you recognize to find your way home"
] | [
"First of all, insects do not experience human emotions, so it would be impossible for them to \"feel lost\" the way a person would. Some insects, however, do have different relationships with spatial location. Ants and bees have a home that they return to, using different methods to navigate to and from their nest... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why quadratic equations work to find the graph of a parabola and how factoring works. | [
"The beloved quadratic formula is a tool for finding the roots (points where the value of the function is zero) of a second degree polynomial (a parabola). Many polynomial equations can be expressed as the product of a set of first-degree polynomials (linear equations). Factoring polynomials to that state will ma... | [
"Graph each separately (this may involve rearranging the formula to be in the form \"y=\"). Then where they intersect are the solutions that work for both formula at the same time. Try /r/learnmath for more help."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do those drugs that "reverse" an overdose from a different drug work? | [
"So, with opiates. The drug enters the brain and sits on some receptors. This is how the brain experiences opiates. Naloxone will kick the opiate off the receptor and takes its place, preventing the drug from reattaching. Now, when the body gets rid of the Naloxone, the opiate is still there. So it's important to g... | [
"An overdose on opiates causes respiratory depression to the point where you stop breathing and die. Benzodiazepines also have cause some respiratory depression as well. Both also cause a flood neurotransmitters that are responsible for feeling pleasure. Essentially, an overdose on both would cause you to fall asle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do direct competitors often locate extremely close to each other? I’m thinking of how you often find Lowe’s and Home Depot within two blocks of each other, or Walgreens and CVS or stores like that across an intersection. Wouldn’t the one moving in tend to be better off further away? | [
"Apparently my other comment was not long enough. They end up creating a Nash equilibrium where they can't improve their position any further without hurting some portion of their customers. See this video _URL_0_"
] | [
"It can be difficult for a store to expand into a new market if already dominated by competitors. For example Wal-Mart is also notably weak in Minnesota, because it's the home of Target who already dominated the department store market. Some chains have a huge following in their home region but haven't expanded lik... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How were days and the months and calendar invented? | [
"People observed the sun and moon. You probably know that a day is one rotation of the earth on its axis, otherwise known as “a day and a night.” And a month is one full moon cycle. People saw this and decided to start recording it to keep track of time. The calendar we use (the Gregorian calendar) was created in t... | [
"A year is the time it takes for the Earth to go around the sun. Long before this was known, observations had been made about the angle of the sun in the sky. In the winter solstice, the midday shadow is longest, in the summer solstice it is the shortest. The time between one summer solstice and the next is a year.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is it that when you eat something crunchy and look at a digital clock, the numbers wiggle? | [
"It is basically the oscillation or “refresh rate” of the lcd numbers. Chewing or bouncing allows you to catch the oscillations with your eyes. Newer screens such as TVs and computer monitors refresh at a much higher rate where our eyes do not catch it."
] | [
"Because when you go to pick something up or grasp an object suddenly all your fingers align at the same length."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Anatomy:"
} |
Why is there an explosion anytime an atom is split apart? | [
"There isn't an explosion, there is a release of significant energy. In a nuclear explosion, lots of these splittings happen in a chain reaction at once, which adds up to a lot of energy, and therefore an explosion. The air combusts into a fireball from the sheer amount of heat created. A single atom splitting in t... | [
"We can, but it takes a lot of energy and/or time. Anything with an atomic number larger than uranium's was made by doing that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Chemistry:"
} |
Where do dead birds go? | [
"Birds tend to hide their illnesses for a while so they don’t get shunned by their flock and then picked off by predators. Maybe they will literally hide when they know they’re dying, like other animals? And then, yeah, they’ll get picked up by cats and vultures. I also think it depends on where you live. My univer... | [
"Uh, where do you expect them to go?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do dead fish float but alive ones don’t? | [
"IIRC it is because of there air bladder. Whene they are alive they are able to control the air bladder. Thus being able to sink, dive or float at a certain depth. When dead that is impossible so the air in the bladder will take them to the top. They also wind up bottom side up because the bladder is at the bottom ... | [
"There's usually not much you can do to sway their minds. You can lead a horse to water but you can't make it drink."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it longer for human to adapt from light to night than night to light? | [
"Your eyes work by constantly producing chemicals that is broken down by light. By measuring how much chemicals is in your vision cells you can find out how much light they receive. When it is light there is very little chemicals present and when it is dark there is lots of chemicals. However it takes your cells ab... | [
"You have grown accustom to the acoustic level around you. Same premise for light exposure. Dark rooms seem much darker when you come from a brighter area. Once you get used to the dark and your eyes are used to it, it seems a lot less dark."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If you wash and dry clothes repeatedly, is there a point at which you would no longer get lint as a dryer byproduct? | [
"It's actually the other way around, the older a fabric becomes, the more likely it is small fibers will break off and become lint. Of course new textiles will also have lint but for different reasons.. For example, surgical huck towels are used for something in operating rooms. To be FDA certified they have to be... | [
"From my understanding dryer sheets leave a thin wax coating over your clothes. This acts as an insulator and reduces the effect of static cling. A side effect is that as your clothing is covered in a layer of wax they do not absorb water as easily. So, in the case of a load of towels it is counter productive to th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why do car radios and infotainment systems turn off for a few seconds when starting the engine? | [
"Battery is used to start the car, so it can’t power all electrical sources and start the engine at the same time."
] | [
"A lot of newer cars do. On my 2002 Toyota, if you turn the car off with the headlights on, the headlights go off, too. Unfortunately, the dome light and interior door lights will still drain the battery if the door isn't shut securely. Newer cars than that are better about it. It's getting harder and harder to acc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is water coming out in "pulses" when you turn your bottle upside down. | [
"As the water leaves the bottles the space that was filled with water needs to be replaced with air, so each pulse is a gulp of water entering the bottle to fill that space."
] | [
"Because the water that would normally go into the bowl from the tank/reservoir has nowhere to go. Same thing that would happen if you clogged your kitchen sink and turned on the faucet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does your brain know to wake up earlier than usually when you have something to do for the early morning? | [
"Not everyone has this, but the fact that you do, suggests that you're quite healthy! Your brain has a part that keeps a daily rhythm in check for all of your organs. Think of it like an orchestra: this part of your brain (superchiasmatic nucleus) is the composer; and your organs are the musicians. The composer kee... | [
"Because you will only take a nap when you want to take a nap. You always go to sleep for the night whether you really want to or not based on having to get up and do things at a certain time the next day. If you tried to take a nap everyday at 2pm, sometimes you will fall asleep easily, sometimes you won't."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
How were the tops and bottoms of planets in our solar system determined? | [
"We don't. We just made it up for a way to reference things in a way that works for our brains."
] | [
"This was the case when it was forming, but is not the case now. Different planets are at different stages of development in their life cycle,"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Science:"
} |
Why does being cold make us catch a cold? | [
"It doesn't. That's an urban myth. It's likely caused by the fact that in winter we're more likely to spend time in doors close to other people or as I call them: Virus Dispensers."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is Cradle To Cradle in Textiles ? | [
"The traditional way is cradle to grave, meaning from product creation (baby in a cradle) to end of product life (dead things get put in a grave). The idea is that this method of production is not sustainable, and that we should look at methods of recycling the materials. For example a fleece jacket might be made o... | [
"High Crime + Dwindling Population + Crumbling Infrastructure + Diminishing Jobs = Perceived Shithole."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How can we tell the difference if a sound comes from directly infront of us or from the back? | [
"Sound arrives at the different parts of your ear at different times - and also differently between each ear - and it’s the difference in arrival times that gives us the ability to pinpoint sound in 3D"
] | [
"If you take your arm and stick it straight to your right, you can probably see it way out to the side. Directly in front of them they still have peripheral vision, but their vision is more suited to seeing as many predators around them as possible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
how do printers and printer ink and printing work? I don't understand how the liquid ink doesn't just like soak the page, how does it form letters and pictures? | [
"Think tiny spray cans putting a tiny amount on the page that soaks it up. You can still smear it when it's wet."
] | [
"Well, when the ball is rolling around it its little home, it is picking up ink from one side and when it rolls around to the other it drops it off. Sometimes dirt or oil will get on it, and the ink decides it doesn't want to play with the ball because it is dirty and doesn't want to be seen with it. So the ball ju... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What is equity market? | [
"Equity Market usually refers to the stock market, the trading of shares of companies. Equity is an ownership stake in something, and investors, etc. refer to the equity market for stocks, as opposed to the bond market, commodities market, derivatives markets and such"
] | [
"How is this different from a standard mutual fund?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do so many Marathon champions come from Africa. Ethiopia and its sourrounding countries to be exact? | [
"Genetic pre-disposition for more better or more efficient combinations of fast twitch and endurance muscle fibers helps a good bit. Also social environment and culture may create an environment that condones excelling at marathons."
] | [
"I think it is because most countries don't care about it too much. Europe, most of Asia, most of Africa don't play it too much. The major countries who do play are the US, Japan and a couple of South and Central American countries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do kids need to avoid fluoride in their toothpaste but adults are told it's beneficial to have? | [
"Fluoride poisoning for an adult is harder to get. You’d have to eat enough toothpaste to make you sick. But for a kid, their body mass is lower and they have a tendency to eat anything that tastes sweet including their toothpaste. Fluoride is beneficial for for preventing tooth decay but excess of anything can be ... | [
"Fluoride compounds make your teeth stronger, that's why they do it at the dentists' office. What basically happens is that it causes a thin protective film to form on your teeth, which helps prevent cavities. Because it's so effective, and because tooth decay is such a prevalent problem, most developed countries p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does windchill make things colder? shouldn't the moving air be hotter because of the energy and because the way wind works? | [
"A windy day doesn't make things colder. My lawn furniture doesn't see any appreciable effect from a windy day. It makes warm-blooded creatures colder, because the wind whisks away their local heat."
] | [
"Because the air, regardless of its temperature, 'rubs' heat off of you. This is because air is a somewhat good conductor of heat and the heat on the surface of your skin is removed by the air flow. This is the same principle that CPU fans work with, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why can atoms not have a nucleus made from neutrons and electrons with protons surrounding them? | [
"Actually, it's possible to have an atom of antimatter, which is a negatively charged anti-proton orbited by the antimatter particle of an electron which is called a \"positron\". . . This has actually been achieved experimentally at CERN where they made and isolated anti-hydrogen. They even measured the emission s... | [
"I only have a vague idea, but I'll try explaining it anyways. Every subatomic particle has its own \"anti\" counterpart. For example, a proton has an \"antiproton\" as its opposite, and an electron has an \"antielectron\" as its opposite. If we can have atoms made entirely of protons and electrons, who's to say th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are (were) there so many homeless veterans in the USA? | [
"It's very easy to spew patriotic pathos or hold emotional speeches honouring the \"brave soldiers\" defending conservative values. It's much harder to create a functional social safety net for traumatised veterans, especially after slashing healthcare and mental healthcare, so many of them slip into addiction and... | [
"It's illegal in a huge number of jurisdictions already. Where do you live?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do muscles knot and tense up if you don’t stretch? | [
"Not an expert but what I was told is that muscles are fibres and they are recruited when exercising to flex. If you dont stretch some fibres never activate and so you have uneven flexing. Stretching tells the body you need all hands on deck and so you dont have some lazy fibres nit getting the memo"
] | [
"Sore throat may be from mouth breathing at night, which you probably don't do during the day. Sore muscles because you are laying in select few positions and your muscles start to hurt because they are getting pressure put in them. You use them and they stretch out so it doesn't hurt anymore/as bad."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how astronomers can observe for a prolonged period of time a tiny part of the sky, with the earth rotating around its axis and the sun | [
"They mostly use a device called a heliostat. This is a device which you add to your telescope mount and configure it so that it aligns with the plane of the rotation of the planet. There is a motor attached to it, or you can turn it manually, that will rotate your telescope once every 24 hours. So the end result i... | [
"The size of earths orbit is tiny compared to how far away other stars are. The position of earth in its orbit does change our perspective on stars, but not enough for you to notice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
If certain highly controlled prescription medications are only prescribed in extreme situations, how is the black market so saturated with them? | [
"China. In short, most of these drugs are made in China under shotty/unclean conditions and are sold to a supplier in the US. They usually find a way around customs(brought in by boat). From there the us supplier just ships it via USPS. Since it's a domestic package(US address shipping to a US address) no one usual... | [
"Because it is illegal federally, pharmacies that do sell it would get into a ton of trouble and wouldn't be able to sell controlled medications anymore including pain and ADD meds"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are chili peppers spicy? | [
"Birds tend to be their primary mode of seed dispersal. The capsaicin doesnt affect them like it does mammals."
] | [
"Reason # 1 : Food spoils more quickly in hot climates. Spices are preservatives. Reason #2 : Not many edible and spicy plants in colder climates."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what are antagonists and agonists? Specifically when it comes to antidepressants. | [
"Receptors are like little doors into a nerve cell for ions. An agonist is something that can unlock the door, with higher concentrations unlocking more doors. Antagonists are like guards in front of a door. They prevent agonists from being able to open the door as easily, either making it harder to open or blockin... | [
"Basically, pretty much every thought and emotion that you feel is the result of chemicals (neurotransmitters) in your brain. Depression is usually associated with lower amounts of serotonin and/or norepinephrine. You release these chemicals when you feel a particular emotion or mood, and then it is reabsorbed (reu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does allergy to a specific food decrease over the age? | [
"It usually doesn’t. Can you be more specific? Most of the time, allergies get progressively worse the more times someone is exposed to the allergen"
] | [
"Certain virus/bacteria can also cause new allergic responses. A good example of this is the bite of a certain tick that can cause allergy to red meat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why when you go to sleep right after you shut down your computer, you do not feel sleepy and it takes a while to fall asleep? | [
"blue lights from screens (computer screen, phone screen) inhibits the natural release of the sleep hormone melantonin"
] | [
"Don't confuse tiredness with sleepiness. Your body releases sleep hormones in a particular rhythm. The interval is these releases about 1.5 hrs, and the window is about 10 minutes. If you do go to sleep during that time, you'll probably be out almost as soon as your head hits the pillow. The very worst thing to do... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
How does super glue work and how is it different from a regular glue stick? | [
"Most regular types of glue just harden as water or solvent in them evaporates. If you want to glue something really well, you have to stick it really tight together with a clamp and let it cure for a bit. Superglue however doesn't need to dry out. Instead, it \"polymerizes\" - that means the individual liquid mole... | [
"The protein in the yolk acts as an adhesive once the water evaporates from it. Many commercially available \"glues\" are protein based for this exact reason."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is it that after being hungry for some time, you eventually lose your appetite completely for a while? | [
"Because your body goes into survival mode in essence. If you dont have access to food what's the point to keep telling you you're hungry. So itll stop sending signals for awhile"
] | [
"For the same reason as your standards will start to slip in food or drink after a while. If you're hungry enough, you'll eat anything. If you haven't managed to have sex with someone that meets your standards in several days/weeks, chances are you won't be able to for several more days/weeks unless you lower your ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do sunlight reflections, particularly those off of cars, seem to flicker? | [
"I'm pretty sure it's due to the air getting hot and therefore moving up. The movement makes the light flicker. Pretty normal sight in summer. Difficult to tell from what you described. The tubes probably do not heat the air up the way the cars do."
] | [
"You are seeing refraction of light in the shockwave. The speed of light in air is dependent on the density and temperature of the air. When the lightwave hits an area of denser air it will slow down, however the part of the wave that hits the area first will slow down first making the wave turn. Similarly the ligh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is it we can see the inside of our eyelids when we close both eyes, but not when we close one? | [
"Your brain is really good at editing out the parts of your vision that don't have any useful information. In fact, right now you have a blindspot in your vision where all of the nerves come into your eye. But, you don't see it because your brain edits it out. There are tricks you can do to notice things disappeari... | [
"Partly because this helps reduce distractions so your brain can relax more easily and partly because of protection so our eyes don't dry out if we are in deep sleep or accidently brush our had across our face and scratch then when we are in light sleep."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
Why does the cursor go backwards when you move it to the left side of the word document? | [
"It indicates that the cursor will be selecting entire lines of text. There are a variety of feedback methods used to indicate different behaviors of the user interface such as changing the cursor into a caret."
] | [
"Number lock allows you to toggle between using the number pad (on the right of a standard keyboard) to enter numbers or to navigate (notice on [this keyboard](_URL_0_) there are arrows on some of the numbers and other movement functions on others) Scroll lock switches the function of the arrow keys in many program... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does Insulation work, and why are certain materials better than other's? | [
"Different materials conduct heat better than others, which is a basic function of physics. On a small scale, it's how well/quickly a substance absorbs/transmits kinetic energy in the form of colliding particles and movement of electrons and thus, heat. This is generally referred to and measured as as thermal condu... | [
"Stainless steel is a group of steel alloys with high chromium and low carbon. This makes them significantly more resistant against corrosion but the low carbon content means that it's flexible and not very strong We often use high carbon steel for items that we want to heat treat and make extremely hard. There are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
what are SSRIs and how do they work? | [
"An SSRI is a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor. Serotonin is a chemical in your brain that helps signals travel from one nerve to another. Once the serotonin has helped the signal travel, some of it is reabsorbed by the nerves. This is called reuptake. One cause of depression is an underproduction of serotoni... | [
"SUDAFED is the name brand for the drug Pseudoephedrine (PSE for short). PSE is simply a nasal decongestant and does not fight any infections, it only helps relieve the symptoms of nasal congestion. So, whether you take the medication or not will not make a difference on your immune system. Check with your Doctor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If we can't get under 7nm with silicon why are intel/AMD not building bigger dies with more transistor instead of always shrinking? | [
"We're about at the limit for electricity traveling between two sides of the die in one clock cycle already. You can get around that by adding more independent cores, and localizing resources so electricity never has to go too far, but I think a few things would need redesigned for that. Additionally, the current c... | [
"There are limits, but you just work around them. Cpus have kind of hit a wall with clock speeds so now they are more focused only multicore for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why can’t saltwater fishes survive in fresh water? | [
"Their blood and all their cells is naturally much saltier then fresh water fishes. Salt works kind of like a one way valve when letting water through membranes. So when there is lots of salt in the blood then the water will get through the gills into the blood but not back. So the fish is unable to get rid of the ... | [
"Most dolphins live in the ocean and the ocean water is too salty for them to drink! If they would drink sea water, they would actually use more water trying to get rid of the salt than they drank in the first place. Most of their water comes from their food (fish and squid)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Of all the foods on Earth, why did spinach give Popeye incredible ass-kicking abilities? | [
"Marketing by completely over-exaggerating the health benefits of spinach. And a lot of people fell for it."
] | [
"People don't need *that* much protein to grow healthy tissue. Babies and children get plenty of protein from regular-ass food (not to be confused with regular ass-food). Breast milk has a lot of protein, as well as fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, which you also need to make killer gainz bro. You could ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does salt "make ice/snow colder"? | [
"There's a certain amount of energy you have to take out of water at 0 Celsius to turn it into ice at 0 Celsius, called the \"energy of fusion.\" This is actually a huge amount - you have to remove as much energy to freeze 0C water as you do to drop water temperature from 80C to 0C. Now, for lowering the temperatur... | [
"It seems to be coming from having rather hard water. Basically, when freezing, impurities (like dissolved salts) stay in the liquid part of your ice cube, while the forming ice is rather clean. In the end this leads to crystals forming. This effect is also used for creating highly clean silicon (zone melting), or ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Science:"
} |
What causes internet fluctuations and what limits how fast it can be? | [
"Assuming you’re going through network hardware that is running normally, the general limitations are the number of hops you have to make to get to your destination and the physical distance to the servers (the speed of light goes only so fast). Imagine every internet destination requires you to go through toll bo... | [
"Your connection is capable of a high speed, such as the one reported in the speed test, but that does not guarantee that other services will always provide that speed. Could be Steam is slow or some service provider between you and Steam is slow. If a lot of users are hitting one service, it may slow down to accom... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Internet speed and service:"
} |
how do we keep people alive during heart transplants? | [
"During an operation the circulatory system will be put onto a bypass machine which circulates and oxygenates the blood. Your heart has its own internal electrical conduction including little natural pacemakers called nodes. If you restart this current the heart and give oxygen to the cardiac tissue the heart will... | [
"whats the point of hospitals if we are all going to die anyway"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does punch card computing work? | [
"A computer program is stored in the computer's memory (RAM). If the program is not loaded into RAM, then the computer can't do anything. Punch cards were simply the original method of loading a program into memory. The computer had a circuit which could read punch cards and load the program the punch cards had int... | [
"What do you mean? Your question needs to be a bit more specific. Are you asking what it is? Or how it's set? Or how the payments are made?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do humans selectively breed plants? | [
"Let's say you have a whole bunch of jalapeno pepper plants. Like, 100 plants. After the season's over, let's say you were keeping track of all of the peppers and their qualities. Maybe one plant produced slightly more peppers. Maybe one plant grew slightly bigger jalapenos. Maybe one plant grew slightly spicier j... | [
"From the standpoint of evolution, the more you can diversify DNA in reproduction, the better. The opposite of inbreds, so to speak."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the catholic church deal with sexual assault allegations against priests as opposed to the law? | [
"You’re mistaken. The priests answer to the same laws as you and I as applicable in their jurisdiction. However, with all situations such as this, the prosecution needs credible witnesses and bonafide proof to bring these charges against them. This is called due process and it’s guaranteed to all American citizens.... | [
"The only thing that is disproportionate is the amount of media coverage those isolated cases get. Catholic priests do not take wives; because of this, there is an unrecognized confirmation bias that when pedophilia happens in the Church, it is directly related back to this practice. However, that is an uncritical ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do the Canadian and American dollars fluctuate so much? | [
"Think of a nation's currency like a commodity, like maple syrup and apples. The value of the thing goes up and down with supply and demand. The demand for a nation's currency comes from the nation's economy, since that currency is used to perform transactions in the nation. When people are buying and selling lots ... | [
"You've never heard of currency trading? It's a fairly common thing as the values of currency against each other fluctuates."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why vegetables last longer in the drawer in the refrigerator as opposed to just sitting on the shelf | [
"The drawers are specifically designed to store vegetables and lengthen there shelf life. The drawers regulate oxygen and temperature more than the open shelves which usually allows the process of bacterial growth to slow down. -Chef"
] | [
"frozen food, if frozen very close to the time they were picked, actually have more nutritional value than \"fresh\" ones in the produce section or in cans"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is leasing a vehicle considered such a "no-brainer" bad finincial move? | [
"The question really depends on specifics to you. Pros with leasing, you get a new car every 3-5 years. Possibly able to write off the lease expense, if leasing as a business vehicle. Cons if you go over the alloted milage contract, the excess miles are expensive. What if you hit your milage limit at 28 months in... | [
"It's a loan, secured by the equity in your home--the difference between the outstanding balance of your purchase price loan and the value of your home. That means, if you don't pay it as due, the lender can foreclose sell off your home to pay the debt. It's \"necessary\" for all the normal things you might \"need\... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does flash storage (usb-sticks, sd-cards) work? | [
"Inside of a USB stick, there's a few primary pieces. The most important are the flash storage chips. These are where the data is actually stored. Basically the way these work is that they are a bunch of teeny tiny transistors (a very small switch, basically) laid out next to each other. Each transistor is a specia... | [
"The basic answer is that RAM and SSDs are different in the way they store data. SSD read/writes are (much) lower than HDD, a cost in exchange for speed (but not as much speed as RAM). The better term you are looking for in regards to SSD/HDD v. RAM permanence is volatility. RAM requires power to retain data, SSD/... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does depression do to your body that allows it to sleep for so long? | [
"I dont know that its necessarily biological in the sense of like certain sleeping hormones are released but more on the side of lacking motivation and not wanting to be awake so you dont have to deal with the feelings. Because alternatively, in some people with depression theres a lack of sleep or usableness to sl... | [
"It is possible that you could have a sleep disorder, like sleep apnea, which causes you to wake up multiple times an hour and also deprive your body of oxygen. It can cause some serious health issues, including being tired all the time no matter how much you sleep. Source: I have apnea. Talk to your doctor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
How come we get morning breath from doing nothing for 8+ hours, but not day breath after talking/eating all day? | [
"Morning breath is due to bacteria. We all have bacteria in our mouths. ~~Bruising~~ BRUSHING and flossing reduce this but overnight they accumulate and produce odors. During the day, eating and drinking can dilute the bacteria and their odors."
] | [
"Would you want all the food and sugar to sit and decay your teeth for those 12+ hours? Also, who sleeps 12+ hours a night?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is the US running out of the poison for the fatal injections of prisoners? | [
"Many of those companies dont want their drugs used for executions. More than likely from the bad pr ramifications that would result."
] | [
"High demand for drugs in the US is the only thing standing between today and drug-free Latin America."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How the hell does this picture work? | [
"It's an animated image. If you open the image, or refresh the page, you can very briefly see the initial image, the one that appears when you embed a link to it. But after just a frame or two, it moves to the second, \"scary\" version of the image. Most software doesn't know how to embed animated images properly, ... | [
"Also, if I may ask, did this actually happen?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do rechargeable batteries work? | [
"Technically batteries don't store electricity. They create electricity through a chemical reaction. Rechargeable batteries work because some of those chemical reactions can be reversed by running electricity back through the battery in the reverse direction. A fully charged battery will be made up of chemical A. T... | [
"Batteries and yes they need to be replaced from time to time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does printer ink not bleed through to the other side of the paper? | [
"It would if you used too much of it. But modern inkjet printers use microdrops of only a few picoliters per dot. There's just not enough ink to bleed through."
] | [
"If you're pretty sure the kids are oblivious, you can put a sheet of carbon paper under the paper they write on, and get a duplicate on the next sheet down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do most things melt when heated, but eggs solidify? | [
"Eggs are filled with proteins. Proteins are in all living things, and do lots of different stuff. One of the interesting things about proteins is that they're formed of smaller building blocks, bent into very special shapes. When they get hot, they lose their shape and bend into new weird shapes. Specifically in t... | [
"Gasses dissolve more in colder water than hotter water. Solids on the other hand dissolve more in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Chemistry:"
} |
How does conservation of mass apply to plants? In other words, what loses mass as a plant gains it? | [
"Yep! Trees are about half Carbon. Almost all of the carbon in a tree comes from the CO2 that it inhales to fuel photosynthesis. The rest of it is hydrogen and oxygen, which it gets from inhaling or from water. The only thing that soil provides is trace nutrients, water, and a good structure to anchor on."
] | [
"New matter cannot be created. The reason we eat food and drink water is to replenish the matter we lose by being alive. The exact same concept goes for plants as well. Your body uses the excess to continue growing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Science:"
} |
Why does light instantly disappear and not linger. | [
"Cause you don't really see the light itself, you see what light reflects off of. That, and the fact that light is pretty much the fastest moving thing in the universe. Cut the source of light and it appears to be instantly gone but there really would be a period that light phases out, it's just the transition is t... | [
"Nothing happens, the two \"beams\" of light go through each other without affecting each other. Otherwise you wouldn't be able to see very many stars!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Astronomy:"
} |
How did early humans know to breed without the concept of language? | [
"I'm not sure I understand the question. How are those two things related? The urge to have sex is very deep in every animal and is independent of their ability to speak."
] | [
"No. No animal is capable of that kind of detailed thought to establish a religion. None of even close."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do we know that pi is not a really long number and is in fact infinite. | [
"Pi is irrational. That is it never ends or repeats itself. Rational numbers will eventually end or go into a repeating pattern. All rational numbers can be written as one integer divided by another integer. They have done analyses where they try to prove that pi is rational by finding what the two integers that wo... | [
"> its a fixed length Absolutely correct > but yet it doesn't every really end? The decimal representation of it does not end. That's just a name that number has. The same as number 1 is called number one, in decimal square root of 2 is called 1.4142135623... it corresponds to a single, fixed number, but unfortuna... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why did my Italian Cream Soda turn into half a cup of gelatinous foam? | [
"Club soda contains dissolved carbon dioxide. Over time the CO2 will eventually fall out of solution and bubble away. That's why soda goes flat over time. When you poured in the half and half it gave the CO2 bubbles a place to start forming and caused way more CO2 than normal to come out of solution."
] | [
"I did this once with a soda. After I took it out to thaw, it was like all the sweet stuff sweat through the bottle and I was left with just lightly carbonated water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do shots create that long lasting pain? | [
"I'm going to assume the shot was into the muscular part of your upper arm? Intramuscular shots like that inject fluid into the muscles tissues. This irritates the muscle and causes pain. It takes a while for the muscle fibers to heal and for the pain to go away."
] | [
"Related question: why does it feel so GOOD to crack a joint? There's like a palpable relief sensation, what causes that?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do medical professionals determine whether cancer is terminal or not? How are the stages broken down? How does “normal” cancer and terminal differ? | [
"Am oncologist. There is no such thing as normal cancer. The answer to whether cancer is curable or not is more simple. If all the cancer cells can be removed from the body, you have been cured. In most of the solid cancers that form as lumps this needs to be done with surgery (cut) or radiation (magic dna damaging... | [
"Cancer is like saying \"plant\". There are thousands of varieties with their own characteristics. The type and location as well as whether it spread, how invasive it is, and other comorbidities of the patient all effect not only the treatment options but also the outcome and survival rates."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What does it mean to have a unicameral legislature like Nebraska’s, and what benefits does it provide? How is a state allowed to pick it’s system of government? | [
"unicameral means there is only one group of lawmakers. bicameral means two groups, like the US federal government (house of reps / senate), British Parliament (house of commons / house of lords), and most US states. Many other countries have unicameral legislatures. a unicameral legislature can pass laws more easi... | [
"All republics are democracies, but not all democracies are republics. Therefore, anyone who says that the United States is a republic but not a democracy is just incorrect. The United States is a republic because the head of state and the head of government is based on the people's choice and not appointment or in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't we drink salt water? | [
"Salt was used in ancient times as a preservative, as it draws out moisture (water) from things. Normally when we drink water, our organs absorb that water and it is used in the cells of our body for various things. When we drink salt water, however, there then becomes a higher amount of salt than water in our body... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Are gas giants really just giant blobs of gas? | [
"They have a solid core, just like the earth. They have a gaseous outer layer because they're so massive that the escape velocity of the gases is far larger than the average velocity of the gases themselves (this depends on temperature and a few other factors)."
] | [
"Every single molecule of gas has mass. That means that it has, and is affected by, gravity. The gravity of all of those little bits of gas pulls them towards one another, and keeps them together. It's the same force that keeps our atmosphere from escaping into space, too! A small dense lump of rock (like our plane... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Physics:"
} |
Is it possible to have a minor stroke and not know it and not have any lasting health effects? | [
"Yep. It's called a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and they often wont cause residual deficits, though the initial (transient) symptoms can mirror those of an actual stroke and can be quite concerning at first, or may be subclinical (i.e. undetectable). Having experienced a TIA does indicate increased risk of suff... | [
"An illness is when you feel bad. You have pain, soreness, dizziness, you might feel tired, etc. You are not sure why you fell bad, you just do. Basically, illnesses are feelings, a list of complaints. A disease is when there is something actually wrong with you physically or mentally, whether you feel it or not. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does hormonal imbalance cause weight gain? | [
"The most common hormone imbalance that most people think of in relation to weight is hypo/hyperthyroidism. Everybody has a basal metabolic rate, which is the amount of energy required by your body to carry out it's baseline daily functions. Your heart beating, food digesting, breathing, etc. Basically, the thyroid... | [
"Not everyone does, but there are multiple reasons why this could happen. It could be related to thyroid disease, or for women, hormone fluctuations from either pregnancy, or menopause can cause this. Night sweats are not considered normal."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Triple-Expansion Engines | [
"This is a type of steam engine. A regular steam engine works by creating high pressure steam by heating up water and then have the steam expand in cylinders or turbines where you extract the energy. The issue is that a cylinder is not able to get all the energy from the steam but the steam will still be somewhat c... | [
"Coke: Can Dr Pepper: Bottle Barq's (Root Beer): Bottle Mountain Dew: Can Source- Caffeine Addict"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does high body fat percentages lead to lower testosterone levels? | [
"Estrogen is produced in males via the aromatase mechanism. Excess testosterone turns into estrogen via this mechanism. The aromatase enzyme is produced in adipose tissue. So the more fat you have the more aromatase you have. The more aromatase you have the more testosterone is aromatized into estrogen. So more bod... | [
"Because they have started to produce less estrogen. Estrogen is itself a steroid hormone, and it readily gets converted into other steroid hormones like testosterone, so high estrogen levels are generally associated with higher metabolic rates. When the estrogen level dramatically drops for menopause, the overall ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why did old games need batteries in the cartridge to save rather than using the consoles power? | [
"The console's power would be unavailable when the console was off or the cartridge removed from the system. Because the technology used to maintain save files required a power source, a battery was the only option."
] | [
"Because then the computer's speed would be limited by how quickly the CD/DVD can read the disk. When the game is installed on the computer, the harddrive can be accessed much faster than a laser moving over spinning disk. Edit, furthermore: To reverse your question, why do consoles play games off the disk instead ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does the moon’s gravity pull water in the ocean, but not other objects? | [
"It actually does affect other things. You'll notice that when you pour yourself a glass of water, it doesn't start floating up into the sky when the moon is overhead! The reason the moon causes *the tides* is because there's a *huge* body of water, with every single bit of that water being tugged on very slightly ... | [
"The same force that keeps people glued to the ground. Gravity works on air molecules as well, and the earth tends to pull the air molecules around it, towards itself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do so many people seem to be so appalled by the idea of their parents having sex? It's the whole reason you exist in the first place | [
"It's evolutionarily advantageous to *not* engage in reproductive activities with ones parents (or immediate kin in general), since it works against sexual reproduction's advantage (adaptable genetics) and exacerbates many genetic problems by giving a higher chance of recessive but problematic genes from being acti... | [
"> Is the united states governed by a bunch of puritan goddamn sadists? You pretty much answered your own question. For lots of various reasons, in backwards land of the U.S., it's okay for kids to be exposed to random violence, but let them see even a hint of anything having to do with sex and that might as well b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is the Illuminati or New World Order viewed as bad? | [
"Simply put, it’s because the idea that a few. vastly wealthy, *unelected* individuals are controlling the majority, if not all, of the worlds states, finances, corporations means there is no accountability. They own media outlets so they can feed the general population different versions of the truth or hide it a... | [
"The Illuminati is supposedly a shadowy organisation that has its hand in everything from government to big business and basically controls the world. The references lampoon the conspiracy theorists who point to pretty much any coincidence and see the hand of the Illuminati at work. Source: I'm Illuminati."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What causes you to feel “full”? | [
"Its a bit like a pressure plate in a sense. as well as level monitoring We have special receptors inside our stomach walls. As the stomach expands. It pushes these receptors that trigger a signal to the brain through the vagus nerve, this is the first sign that we are starting to get full. As the food breaks down... | [
"Brain work makes me much more \"sleepy\" tired than physical work."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
What is the relationship between game developers and publishers? | [
"The relationships differ between companies. Often it's the publishers who own developers. That's the case with Dice and EA. Dice can't just decide to leave EA because it is a subsidiary of EA. When developers are not owned by a publisher, it is often a publisher who funds development of a game and owns the rights ... | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about finance:"
} |
What is our goal for humanity? Is there a goal for humanity? | [
"Well, given most of us try to stay alive and reproduce, I'd say stay alive at least long enough to reproduce. Everything else is a bonus."
] | [
"In general it is the belief that there is no inherent purpose or value in existence."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are movie scenes with actors interacting with mirrors shot ? | [
"Pick one: 1. Shooting at an angle so that the camera is out of view. 2. Special effects (mirror is replaced with a green screen). 3. [Using a body double, a dummy, and the actor's identical twin sister.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"A mix between very still actors and CGI. The people and certain things will be real, either held, placed or fixed into place and floating things will be CGI."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What's with the sudden increase in number of cameras lenses on mobile phones? | [
"In two words: [Computational photography](_URL_0_) Phones are too small to capture high quality images by classic photographic principles. So what they do instead is use multiple lenses as a more general \"information capture\", the final photograph is a computer render based on the information and not the direct ... | [
"I used to see it a lot more before the proliferation of smartphones. Basically, boredom."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How did Einsteins theory explained the orbit of Mercury? | [
"Mercury's orbit around the sun isn't a perfect circle. It's actually an oval. This oval isn't centered perfectly on the sun either. During part of its orbit Mercury will get close to the sun and then farther away at the other end of its orbit. Then, just to make it even more complicated, the orientation of this or... | [
"It does, just not in a way that you are going to notice without special equipment. It took a solar eclipse to look at light passing very close to the sun - the most massive object in our solar system - to empirically verify Einstein's theory of gravitational lensing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
how can a device tell when its battery is almost empty? Is there a different process for built-in batteries (phones) and external batteries (the remote controllers)? | [
"The voltage of the battery drops in a predictable curve. When the voltage drops to a certain point the device will tell you that the battery is empty. With lithium-ion batteries there will actually still be some charge left in the battery but if it drops too low it can actually damage the battery so the circuitry ... | [
"Because you can make the device smaller, thinner and lighter when the battery is directly connected to the device and you don't need the additional hardware required for a removable battery."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is electro-static discharge (ESD), how does it work and why is it harmful to some electronic devices but generally tolerable for humans? | [
"ESD is just the shock you get from static electricity. You know when you shuffle your feet on the carpet while wearing socks and then touch something metal? That shock is an electrostatic discharge. ESD can have very high voltage but usually incredibly tiny current. So, it might sting a little for humans but it ca... | [
"An EMP applies electromagnetic energy to the conductive pathways in an electronic device, which can induce a high voltage and current in those conductive pathways. If the voltage and/or current is greater than that given piece of electronic equipment is designed to handle than it can overload it, or basically fry ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where do the air from the hairdryer comes from? | [
"There’s a fan in it. The air comes from around you. It’s sucks air in, heats it up and blows it out the other end."
] | [
"How much water is in the bath? How much is in the kettle? How hot is the bath water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do we grow seedless grapes (or other seedless fruits)? Don’t we need seeds to regrow fruits? | [
"Grape farmers (vintners) never plant grape seeds. Same with apples, pears, peaches, basically any commercial fruit is grown from cuttings, rather than seeds. They're *clones*, and people have been cloning them since at least 1500 BC. All you need to do to clone a plant is to cut a piece off with a knife, attach it... | [
"Neither. Seedless watermelons are produced by crossbreeding two different varieties of watermelons which have different numbers of chromosomes. Because of this, their \"children\" are infertile, and thus don't produce seeds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are cracks in concrete detected | [
"Usually visually. Cracks in the ground or in a foundation wall underground can be easily spotted. If the area behind or under the concrete is wet, the crack is lined with a dark color, as concrete is porous, it absorbs water making the crack and the surrounding concrete dark. Due to the brittle quality of concrete... | [
"Those lines you see are expansion joints and serve two purposes: 1) Allow the concrete to expand when it heats up without cracking 2) Prevents cracks that do form from propagating through the entire sidewalk. This is mostly due to the fact that concrete is extremely crack-prone; when cracks form, they become a hug... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is a "bubble" in terms of economics? Like a housing bubble. | [
"A bubble is when the prices of a thing are inflated far beyond their actual value. Typically this attracts more and more people who are not interested in owning that actual thing, they are just trying to cash in. So you just have speculators selling from one to another until the price eventually gets too high, the... | [
"It's not broken... Prices are rising because people can get housing loans to buy houses with, and prices are rising because as the population grows, there will be higher demand for houses. It's not broken Is it a bubble? Yes it is, lots of thnigs are bubbles, will it burst? Well it will, all bubbles do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
-target locking missles/guns? | [
"There are 3 main ways to \"lock\" on to a target this way for air-to-air targets Radar: Either the missile, or plane, or both, shoot radar out at the other plane, and the missile tracks its target based on radar Infrared (heat): The missile has a camera in it that seeks out heat from the exhaust/engine of the oppo... | [
"same way it's generated during the rest o the year. big ass diesel generators and wind turbines. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Does the universe have an “edge” of its expanding? | [
"So the universe as we understand it is expanding in every direction like a giant balloon. The problem is it's expanding faster than the speed of light. What that means is we will ***never*** know what happens at the edge, or beyond. That *information* is moving away from us faster than the light travels towards u... | [
"> What happens when you reach the boundary of the universe? As far as we know there is no such thing as the \"boundary of the universe\". The closest thing to that is the edge of the observable universe which is due to light not having enough time to reach us from more distant locations. This edge is impossible to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about astronomy:"
} |
How exactly was Enron capable of warping their financials and making investors believe they were doing better than they actually were? | [
"I highly recommend watching The Smartest Men in the Room. It’s a nearly two hour documentary that answers those exact questions. I believe that you can it for free here: _URL_0_"
] | [
"A shell corporation is basically a \"fake\" company; it's a real legal entity, but it doesn't actually provide any goods or services. The main use they have is as tax shelters and ways to hide losses. Say your company makes a ton of profit, enough to put it in the highest tax bracket. You can \"hire\" a shell cor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How can one or two cars slowing down on the highway cause traffic to back up for miles? | [
"Because the care behind it slams on the breaks, making it slow down even more than the first one, and the care behind that one, slams one it's breaks, slowing down even more, ect. Here check out this website. You can click on a single car to slow it down and watch a backup happen. [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"If you brake at 2mph I have to brake at > 2mph in order to not run into you (because I'll hit my brakes after you not simultaneously). The guy behind me has to slow down faster, etc. Eventually someone comes to a complete stop. There are images/animations of traffic in waves. Basically tapping your brakes in dens... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Traffic and driving:"
} |
What exactly is Prussia | [
"So Germany is actually composed of several states, somewhat like the United States but quite different. These states used to be separate countries. In the past, Prussia was one of these independent German countries, but confusingly, the original land of Prussia is now not part of Germany. The kingdom of Prussia be... | [
"I read this as \"What is an erection?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
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