query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Where does the large budget for modern movies go into? | [
"it goes to the thousands of people and hundreds of companies that work on the movie. & #x200B; for every named person in the credits, there's 100 people that aren't named. everything from makeup helpers, to guys that put up the set pieces, to second unit photography, to post production crew, to guy that orders t... | [
"Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do acne breakouts happen after binging on chocolate? 🍫 | [
"They actually dont. Its more that chocolate binges happen frequently when hormonal changes are happening. These changes in hormones not only spur the desire for chocolate, but cause acne to form. Tldr: chocolate =/= acne, hormones= acne+chocolate Edit missing punctuation"
] | [
"Your body is telling you to quit smoking. Listen to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
if I flipped a coin and got heads twice the odds are 1/4 or 40%? correct? What's the math behind working it out beyond this? getting it right three time in a row, then four, then five? | [
"1/4 is 25%, not 40%. Every time you add another flip, the chance is cut in half. So the odds of flipping heads X times in a row is 1/2^(x)."
] | [
"> Six heads out of ten coin tosses is a perfectly acceptable outcome. In my head, that would mean six hundred heads out of a thousand tosses is the same, Well, you can make a similar argument that leads to a ridiculous conclusion: *One heads out of one tosses is a perfectly normal outcome. In my head, that would m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How can the color spectrum be wrapped into a continuous color wheel? How can the highest frequency colors blend into the lowest frequency colors without clashing? | [
"The spectrum is continuous, but our eyes sense three (overlapping) colour bands: red, green and blue. Objects emitting red and blue light, but little green light will appear to us as magenta/purple. The colour wheel is a construct based on our eye's three colour sensors."
] | [
"It's because these colours are composed of a mixture of a couple of other colours. The rainbow basically splits the visible spectrum into the various wavelengths, but pink and brown are mixtures of different \"pure\" colours, they do not have a single wavelength and therefore do not show up on the rainbow."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If psychosis is caused by excess dopamine and depression is caused by low dopamine, how do people end up with psychotic depression? | [
"It's not nearly as simple as just dopamine levels. There are links, but no guarantee that dopamine levels directly and or solely influence either psychosis or depression. Multiple neurotransmitters likely influence both. Serotonin being low is often linked to depression and it has been observed that medications th... | [
"ADD and ADHD have been collapsed into one diagnosis, ADHD, which now has subtypes: ADHD Inattentive type, and ADHD hyperactive type. There is also an ADHD: mixed type where you are both inattentive and hyperactive. The diagnosis of ADD has been removed from the DSM (the bible for psychiatrists and psychologists). ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
- Why does the heart ache when we are extremely sad, when it's the brain that "processes" all of our emotions? | [
"It’s not because of the conditioning, There is a mind-body connection that is real, involving the vagus nerve and stress response. You can read more about this here : _URL_0_"
] | [
"You cry because you are feeling very strongly an emotion. That's why you can cry from laughing too much, from being moved, from sadness, so you can cry if you are too angry. It's your body's way to release a very strong emotion you are feeling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What waves do GPS signals use and do they have to have direct line of sight as opposed to bouncing off walls and can they penetrate thin plastics? | [
"Gps signals are sent by radio wave at 1575.42mhz and 1227.60mhz It's literally your car radio tuned up higher"
] | [
"They use radio communications, kinda like really slow and long-range WiFi. Waves can travel so far because unlike in earth, there are very few things that get in the way of the antennae such as buildings or trees."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science and Technology:"
} |
What is that feeling when you’re laying in bed about to sleep and it feels like you’re falling very quickly or your body flipped kind of? why does it happen? how can you prevent it? | [
"It’s called a hypnic jerk. I’m fairly sure it occurs when your muscles relax for going to sleep, but your brain isn’t quite there yet. Being that relaxed freaks you out, so you body tenses up in reaction."
] | [
"Sleep paralysis. You don't have any strength in your dreams because your body is actually incapable of moving. This happens to me all the time. I'll be in some normal dream, standing around, but once I want to run or move or fight, my body feels like its being dragged through Arkansas mud. Your brain activity whil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When two cities are assigned as sister cities, what does it mean? | [
"Two cities just agree to do it. Its usually to promote tourism. I dont think they actually sign laws into place to share funding."
] | [
"It is an award given to people who have contributed, in a positive way, to the betterment of the city. It’s really just symbolic and dates back to when cities used to be walled."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do courtrooms still use sketches or paintings to depict someone dealing with a court case instead of an actual picture? | [
"In the US some states prohibit cameras to protect the dignity of the court. It's out of concern that with cameras/videos, the court will become a media circus and be less effective at delivering justice. In my state it's up to the judge to allow cameras, and generally cameras hide faces of jurors/victims/witnesses... | [
"No, it is nowhere near as effective as it is in the movies. Any enhancement is little different from digital painting, with a person (or in some cases computer) essentially guessing what should be there. It would in no way be admissible in court."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is hypothermia more dangerous in freezing water compared to freezing air? | [
"Water has a much, much higher heat capacity than air. It takes a lot more energy to warm water by 10˚ than it takes to warm an equal volume of air that much. Your body is a small source of heat. It can warm up air pretty quickly, but water not nearly as quickly. The whole idea of winter clothes is to trap small po... | [
"What you feel is the difference in temperature. When you are in a hot tub, you feel hot, because you are colder than the surrounding water. When you get in a cold pool, you feel cold because you are warmer than the pool water. Similarly, when you have a fever you feel cold because you are relatively warmer compare... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
During accretion, gravity doesn't generate enough energy to fuse 2 dust particles together. So how does dust become pebbles and pebbles become boulders? | [
"Two dust particles aren't pulled together very hard. But when you get a bunch of stuff together then everything on top of those two dust particles will be pushing them together very hard to the point where they will fuse together. Before you get solid stone there would be a cloud of loose material which is very te... | [
"Two major theories: 1: They form much like rocky planets and infact have a rock or ice core. Basically they just form earlier when there's more gas in the disk around teh star. 2: They form kinda like stars in that you get clumps of denser gas in places which can pull more gas toward itself and so on. They just ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about science:"
} |
How do digital clocks fall ahead or behind the actual time? | [
"Digital clocks keep time based on a thing called an oscillator. This is a circuit which switches on and off very very quickly, and does it a known number of times every second. Your digital clock counts these on/off cycles to know how much time has passed. The thing is that none of these oscillators are perfectly ... | [
"The atomic clock is not like a watch, it measures vibrations of an atom. The atom vibrates a certain number of times over the amount of time we define as a second. Since these vibrations are constant, if you count them, you will have a very accurate measurement of the second. So in short, you will have to set the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How are images transmitted in tv? | [
"Let's look at an LED TV. There are three LED colors, red, green, and blue. For each pixle there are these three LEDs. A camera is looking at a bowl of fruit that has a red apple to the left. A green pear in the middle. And a blueberry in the right. The camera then sends the data as a pixle for pixle representatio... | [
"A TV has equipment inside of it to pick up radio broadcasts of TV stations & speakers to play sounds. A monitor is just a display."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why some countries use different voltages and wall sockets? | [
"Electrical grids were developed independently in different countries and this resulted in different standards coming to be the norm. Once this is the case it makes a lot of sense to keep the wall socket design a bit unique so people don't mistakenly plug devices not designed for a given standard into the wrong soc... | [
"nuclear fuel rods heat water, steam turns a turbine. they are very basic, no need to complicate it more than need be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does ear candling work to clean ears? | [
"It doesn't. Ear candling is entirely a superstition if you are charitable, a deliberate and possibly harmful fraud if not. The gunk on the inside of the rolled paper is just soot from the incomplete combustion of the candle itself."
] | [
"Ear wax is a yellow waxy substance, it's in human, and many other mammals. It's there to protect the skin, clean inside the ear, and to lubricate inside the ear. It also protects from bacteria, fungi, insect, and water. From what I've read, washing the outside of your ear and putting drops of baby oil, mineral oil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is escape velocity? Or in other words: Could I get into space at walking speed? | [
"You can reach space at relatively slow speeds, it's just that once you run out of thrust, you'll fall back to Earth. This is called a suborbital or ballistic trajectory. There's also the concept of the space elevator, a giant tower that reaches into space, and elevator cars would climb this relatively slowly. Pote... | [
"You'd need to be travelling faster than the speed of light for that to happen. In the time that the light from the takeoff goes up into orbit, your spaceship goes all the way around the world. According to physics as we understand it, nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. So if you were able to do tha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
if exercising is good for you because it gets your heart pumping, why isn’t drinking energy drinks, caffeine, or getting scared just as good because all of those also gets your heart pumping? | [
"Exercise isn’t good for you because it gets your heart pumping. In fact it’s almost the opposite, exercise encourages your body to improve the cardiovascular system so that the next time you exercise your heart doesn’t need to pump quite as much. But those benefits aren’t confined to just when you exercise. Train ... | [
"Nicotine, like coffee, is a stimulant. Among other effects, stimulants increases your heart rate, up your blood pressure, and boost your metabolism. A hit of nicotine is like a blast to your heart and your metabolism. Next thing you know your bowels go into overdrive. POOP! Stimulants also reduce appetite. The sti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
During WW2, why did the US engage the Japanese on the Pacific islands instead of blockading them and going straight for the main Japanese island? | [
"You need a base to refuel and launch aircraft, especially for a Long campaign. The aircraft carriers of ww2 simply did not have the aircraft capacity or refueling capability to project air power all the way to japan. They had to take some of the islands to “leapfrog” their way towards japan."
] | [
"In their minds the options were, slowly starve due to oil embargos placed on them by the US that restricted travel and trade as well as their war efforts in China and the Eastern USSR or get the US into the war and hope they would be occupied by Germany. They also thought that even if the US focused on them they w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why do aerial killer often only confess to a couple of murder even thought they are already sentenced for Life/death? | [
"*serial. It depends on the killer. If they are the type that needs attention, it's their last moment to shine and they've got nothing to lose. If they are the type that likes to have the upper hand, it's just too let law enforcement know that the killer knows more than they ever will. Also, it could the five st... | [
"One life sentence may be shortened for good behaviour or whatnot, but if you have multiple life sentences, you will usually have to serve them one after another, giving you 0 chances of ever getting released. Law is also logical, so 57 murder + 1 murder = 58 murders, each one will be prosecuted and lead to a judgi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Law and Justice:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Law and Justice:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
To what degree does the daily use of cleaning products like soap and shampoo affect the state of water in a major city, and where does it go after entering the drain? | [
"The best explanation for a 5yo would start with a description of how all of the pipes from city plumbing eventually lead to a wastewater treatment plant. Then a picture would be better than a thousand words - > _URL_0_ Explaining each step would be complicated, but they’d understand that the waste water goes throu... | [
"In urban places it most likely goes through the sewer system into a treatment plant. After the water is treated it can be dumped back into the bay or used for other things such as watering a golf course."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does Google remain so dominant in the search engine market? | [
"At this time Google is the best at the task. The majority like me have tried other search engines and been disappointed. Maybe you should be asking why consumers choose Google."
] | [
"Why would google share their technology? Everyone wants to be the first/best in the market because that is how they will make money. There is no reason google would share their technology with a competitor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
what is the calculation to work out odds of you achieving the same outcome over and over again? Like say guessing the right number between 1-5? | [
"It gets multiplied. For one event it is 1/5 For two events it is (1/5) x (1/5) = 1/25 For three events it is (1/5) × (1/5) x (1/5) = 1/125 And so on."
] | [
"It makes zero difference how you arrange them. You have the same odds (35/100) of landing on blue no matter what."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is meant by a Superstate, and why are people so afraid of it happening? | [
"A superstate is a federation of states. The USA is the best current example: you have 50 member states that enjoy some autonomy, being able to enforce local state law, different taxes and so on, but ultimately they all bow down to the federal government and have to obey the laws of the federal superstate. The EU ... | [
"Having an external issue is a good way to keep the population from being concerned about internal problems, of which there are plenty in Argentina."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does the Light spectrum work, as in, is it continuous in both directs or does it somehow reconnect? | [
"Color is more like a flat disc. Like this: & #x200B; [_URL_0_](_URL_1_) & #x200B; See, the points in the curved path represents the color of a single-wavelength light. But color is actually your brain interpreting the input from three different cone cell types, each with different response curves. But back to th... | [
"They are not separated. There is a gradation from red to violet. It seems separated because we tend to classify the colors into their names. That and the fact that our eyes are more sensitive to some light frequencies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
how can something be splash waterproof but not fully water proof? | [
"> Does it have something to do with water pressure? Yeah, nothing is waterproof once enough water pressure is applied. That's also why waterproof stuff is usually rated as waterproof only to a specific depth."
] | [
"If you encase your cellphone in a ziploc will you still be able to hear it ring inside? Waterproof does not mean soundproof."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is hard money lending? | [
"It's capital supplied by a private source rather than a regulated lending or banking institution. The loan amount is less than the property value because the borrower is required to have \"skin in the game.\" a lender doesn't want to put themselves in the risky position of lending the full value of the property. H... | [
"Looking for a way out of debt are we?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If Earth and every planet is falling towards our Sun, and our solar system is falling towards our galactic center, where is our entire galaxy falling towards, and if it isn’t falling, what force is holding it up? | [
"The OP is correct in using falling as relative between the two objects. The earth “falls” towards the sun, just is going too fast and so always misses. The Milky Way, as far as I understand, is falling towards andromeda galaxy, eventually to “collide” and become a big super galaxy. Any one galaxy is always attract... | [
"You are currently standing/sitting in the center of the universe. No matter where you are, on the large scale most everything is flying away from you. This is on a very large scale. Your body doesn't fly apart because it is held together by atomic forces, and the earth and everything up to the local group of galax... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:"
} |
why it's so difficult to spin something (e.g. a keychain) on your ring finger | [
"You don't have a lot of independent control over your ring finger (or your middle finger), at least not near to the extend that you have over your thumb, index finger, and pinky. You have specific muscles dedicated to moving each of those other fingers, but the only ones that move your ring and middle fingers also... | [
"Because gravity pulls the ice down (same reason why if you hold the key ring by the ring, the keys fall down to the lowest point of the ring)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do some roads and buildings takes AGES to complete sometimes? | [
"They are under construction constantly because of heavy use. I live in one of the busiest crossroads in the country and out interstates are constantly under renovation. Roads are hardy, but they still need upkeep. Another thing is that construction companies often bid on these jobs to get the contract. This means ... | [
"a better question would be who thinks it's a good idea to go to times square on NYE at this stage?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do two piano notes that don’t sound good together seem to make a ‘trembling sound’ when played together? | [
"When you add two frequencies that are slightly different together, they end up producing an oscillation of a different frequency containing the overall oscillation called a beat pattern. It's best shown with a [picture.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Blackout gave a good description but to put it more basically: Things sound in tune when the frequencies between the sound waves different instruments/voices make fit certain ratios. If my voice gets lower, the frequency of one of the sound waves drops, but the ones that the instruments are making doesn't. So the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why eating right before you go to bed is not a good idea | [
"Just like every other function your body performs, digestion requires energy. Sleep is a time in which you should be resting and using as little energy as possible. If your body is busy trying to digest a meal, your body won't rest as well as it could. You essentially lose sleep if you eat too soon before going to... | [
"While your friends were drinking, they were slowly poisoning themselves and denying their body important things. They are dehydrated, and due to sleeping in, may have not eaten in many hours. For these and other reasons, a big greasy breakfast is one of the fastest ways to end a hangover. Sure, fighting the stomac... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it easier to keep a bike stable the faster you go? | [
"Contrary to popular belief it is **not** the gyroscopic effect that keeps bicycles upright. This effect exists but it is tiny, not enough to do the job itself. In reality, it's just steering. When you start to become unbalanced, steering right or left creates a centrifugal force that pushes you back upright. The ... | [
"Object in motion wants to stay in motion. Its easier on a car and requires less force to maintain a speed than to get the car moving from a stop."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Automotive:"
} |
Before digital cameras, did pictures have a resolution? If not, how was image quality measured? | [
"Blurry-ness is mostly a factor of focus, shutter speed + stability and depth of field. Photographic film did have a resolution in the sense that there were small crystals that detected and recorded the light, but I would imagine most of the blurry pictures were a result of the former, not the resolution, unless th... | [
"A megapixel is a million pixels. An image consists of a big grid of pixels. The more pixels you have the more details you are able to include in the picture. There is also a lot of other factors to determine the quality of an image and it is quite possible to have more pixels then you need. But if you have too few... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is the difference between Firmware and Software? | [
"Firmware is a type of software. It's generally written to a memory chip on a piece of hardware, and controls how the hardware works. It's different from other types of software in that it usually isn't changed, it's integrated into that piece of hardware. Many devices have the capability to update the firmware, bu... | [
"Download RES. It allows you to. The link is at the bottom under tools."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What does someone conducting an orchestra, band, or choir do with their hands? What do the motions/hand gestures mean? | [
"Its for tempo and direction. A conductor will keep his tempo and motion to a certain section to direct them to play. The direction can also express sound level. The larger more animated the louder he wants them or a certain section to play, and vice versa. He can also direct individuals in certain sections of a so... | [
"In an orchestra, more important than you would think. In small groups and marching bands, the conductor is much less important and sometimes they do indeed play without a conductor. But all the fine details in the music that orchestras play have a certain balance to them, and the conductor can emphasize (or not) c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How did they make the „holograms” performing on stage during the LoL World Championship opening ceremony (during the POP/STARS song)? | [
"AR means the holograms were there for the recording, but not live. Basically they were added in video editing. AR means that instead of having a person sit there and track the shot etc, the software automatically placed them correctly. Imagine taking a picture with your phone, and then using the AR emojis to add b... | [
"Never mind, really high. Just realized the video is from 1995"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why cell phone companies don’t implement some kind of public key authentication to track robocalls? | [
"This would require basically rebuilding the world's PBX systems from scratch. Cellphones would require an OS update and without it, you'd be unable to make calls. For Android, cell manufacturers are generally expected to provide OS updates. Are they going to provide an update for EVERY model? What about non-smartp... | [
"Yes, which is why the robocallers are using local area and prefix codes for the spoofed numbers they're \"calling\" from. Sadly, the best course of action is to mute the call and let it go to voicemail and pray that some day the telecoms can get their collective heads out their asses and put an end to this."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do people get discounts on large items by paying cash? | [
"A couple of reasons... 1) Cash today is worth more than cash in the future. That's why there's interest charged for financing. 2) Depending on how you pay for that large item, the seller may have costs as well. For example, the seller pays between 2-5% for credit card transactions. If you pay cash, they can pass s... | [
"The part about interest is not true. If you pay your bill on time, you pay zero interest. Credit cards offer rewards for using them, I get between 1%-3% on every transaction. Credit cards build your credit score. This is important if you want to buy a house some day Credit cards are also much easier to dispute fra... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does a mechanical tachometer or speedometer convert revolving motion into a steady reading? | [
"Flexible cable geared to transmission output shaft leads to the back of the speedometer. At the end of the shaft there is a disk shaped magnet that fits inside an aluminum cup. As the magnet rotates faster it induces a field in the cup causing the cup to drag along with the magnet. The faster the magnet rotates th... | [
"Usually electric thermometers a resistance based. As temperature goes up the resistance decrease (or increases for some materials.). From there you either use an analog gauge to read current or voltage or you push the analog signal through an ADC to get a digital signal."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science and Technology:"
} |
How does witness protection work for celebrities and face tattoos? | [
"Most celebrities don't get face tattoos, and even more don't keep involving themselves in activities that would land them in witness protection. Tekashi is a combination of snowflakes that likely will make US Marshal textbooks. We'll likely (hopefully?) never know how they hid him since that would kinda defeat t... | [
"Legal in Canada. This actually helps people who are being trapped into sex trafficking to come forward and speak to the police without fear of prosecution. A lot of sex traffickers will tell the victims not to go to police because they will be jailed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does it seem that there was so much tree resin around during the periods of the dinosaurs? | [
"Just in terms of time, dinosaurs (in all their variants) lived across ~160 million years, so relative to your 23 years that's ~7 million times longer than you've lived. Can you foresee a single insect being trapped in amber on a single tree anywhere in the world in those 23 years, whether you saw it or not? Now i... | [
"Critters. And trees. Seriously, 10,000 something years is not that long when it comes to environments and geography. It was about the same as it was when the natives were there (they did have a decent appreciation of conservation). There was a theory floated recently that the Amazon rainforest was the result of hu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Natural history:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Natural history:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What is the reason that the sound changes when yawning while listening to music? | [
"Your [ear drum](_URL_0_) blocks your ear canal completely, and separates a chamber in your middle ear from the outside. You have a channel, the Eustachian Tube, that links this chamber to your throat, that opens when you yawn / open your jaw wide. So what happens is your middle ear chamber may be pressurized, whic... | [
"Are you watching it on a TV or computer? You would be able to hear it in real life... It takes training your ear some, can you tell when a song sounds like one guitar but is actually two?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does Intermittent Fasting (IF) work as opposed to eating multiple smaller meals a day? | [
"Calories in < calories burned and you'll lose weight. Whether you eat twenty snacks throughout the day or one giant meal is ultimately up to personal preference and lifestyle, both methods will show similar results if you actually do it right. Some people find the IF route simpler because you're eliminating the ne... | [
"The formula is very simple: - Eat less calories - Burn more calories Yes, it does come down to \"calories in vs. calories out\". Perform a cardio activity, like running, walking briskly, riding a bike, etc, for at least 1/2 hour a day, every day, and eat light."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
When a battery is fully charged, where does the extra energy go? | [
"Your phone switches to being powered directly by your outlet. If you’re using a power bank then the regulator inside will simply stop providing current when it detects the battery is full. I am not an electrician so I may be outdated but I believe regulators can tell through a measure of resistance measured in ohm... | [
"There is still a flow of electrons in the battery even if it is not being used. Because humans have not discovered a way to freeze electrons, there will always be a loss of charge as time goes on. Therefore, if batteries are not used before the best by date, they will have a shorter lifespan than if they were used... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
IV injections, can they be given against direction of blood flow? | [
"I'm not entirely sure why they do it that way, but having given blood, I've noticed that they do the needle the same direction even when the flow of fluid is opposite. Functionally, I think the direction of the needle makes little to no difference; what matters is the elevation of the bag; if it's higher than the ... | [
"Removing the blood from the circulatory system results in lower overall blood pressure. Lower number of red cells also means that less oxygen is transfered around. It may take 1 or 2 days to replace it all. Side effects generally should not last a week, you may want to consult with physician at the blood station n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How come all kinds of different animals enjoy pets and scratches? | [
"Most animals can feel itching. It's a sensory-based defense against parasites. Scratching to rid themselves of parasites, and is something of a pleasurable feeling. Plus, their muscles can ache just like ours, meaning that being rubbed can feel good on a deeper level."
] | [
"It might be the other way. Cats and dogs have domesticated humans. We give them shelter, food and love sometime more than to other fellow human beings."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Automatic windshield wipers | [
"Some cars have water sensors somewhere on them. When they get wet, their electrical conductivity changes. The car's computer detects this and turns the windshield on. Advanced ones can even detect the rate at which water is coming, meaning they can adjust the speed as well."
] | [
"To my knowledge, there are no optically clear hydrophobic coatings. additionally, they may not leave the windshield as clear as you might hope to. and it would likely wear off with the constant sandblasting of highway dust. cant wipe away snow, cant use washer fluid. all that aside, good luck convincing the regula... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Automotive technology:"
} |
why is swearing so stigmatized? | [
"If swearing wasn't stigmatized, it would lose its meaning. The whole point of swearing is to demonstrate that you're willing to break societal rules and norms for one reason or another. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Because pizza is delicious and lactose intolerance isn't that prevalent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Linguistics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Linguistics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How come we can hear music in our minds without actual music playing? | [
"Recalling a memory activates the same pathways in the brain as actually hearing the sound. So in a sense remembering the song and hearing the song are the same thing."
] | [
"It doesn't make more than one sound at a time. It makes a single noise. Your brain, however, is able to recognize various characteristics of the noise and separate them into individual sounds. This is something your brain does with ALL noise, not just noise from speakers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do some parts of the body gets bigger but some gets smaller with exercise? | [
"It depends on the exercise and diet. If you are in a calorie-deficit diet, your body will begin eating fat, so any fat reserve areas will shrink as they are consumed. If you are doing high-intensity work, your muscles will grow in order to better handle the load they are put under, causing those muscles to grow. I... | [
"Blood is rushed to those areas for repair thus causing the feeling of more heat in a specific piece of your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Science:"
} |
How does body fat know to be the shape of where it is being stored? | [
"Its the way the skin forms. The fat is just the water in waterballoon. If you get different shaped waterballoons then the water will fill in and stretch what it can and the more firm parts wont"
] | [
"You don’t burn fat from a specific area, you burn fat in the opposite order that they are stored. And the belly turns out to be the first storage point of it, making it the last place that sheds off the layer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why doesn’t wind chill effect the thermometer? | [
"We (as living things) feel temperatures differently compared to an inanimate object (a thermometer). For example, if I put you in a low-humidity room that is 30C in temperature, and cover you with 30C water, and then have a fan blow 30C air at you, you'll get quite cold because that water and the air being blown ... | [
"It's the temperature taking into account the effect of wind chill. The wind chill varies with the direction and speed of the wind."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why don’t Brits use articles (a, an, the) in front of certain words like hospital and university? | [
"Generally, you would add the article if you're describing a specific, often physical, act, while you would omit the article if you're describing a wider act. For example, take the sentences: I am going to jail / I am going to **the** jail. The first one say you're going to be locked up in a jail, while the second ... | [
"They're not opposites in most usage. The difference is in their use with respect to collective nouns (\"team\", \"group\", etc.). In American English, collective nouns are singular: the team *is* going to dinner later. In British English, collective nouns are plural: the team *are* going to dinner later. In some ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
When is CO produced when using a gas oven and/or burners? Is it a risk for apartment tenants? | [
"CO is nearly always a problem, combustion produces by-products, complete combustion produces CO2 incomplete combustion produces CO. Incomplete combustion is produced when there isn't enough oxygen to burn the fuel properly CO is deadly even in relatively small amounts - _URL_0_"
] | [
"A fire requires three things to burn: a fuel, an oxidizer (usually oxygen) and heat. There is no oxygen in the pipes that the gas is in, so the fire can't spread in that direction."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does a space telescope judge distance? | [
"Parallax is the most common type for near-ish objects. Put something in front of you. Look at it with only one eye open, then the other. You notice how you can use those two slightly different images to judge the distance? That's ***basically*** how we do it for nearby objects too. We can look at a star from one ... | [
"Yes. Just as we see the Sun as it was 8 minutes ago. The issue is to get a telescope that could look that close from that distance is essentially impossible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Humans races and colors | [
"Differences arise over time through random mutations. DNA is kind of fragile, and it can change from time to time."
] | [
"Rave you read from both to confirm that they work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do american fuel pumps have one nozzle for multiple fuel selections? surely they'd all mix | [
"It'll mix, but not a lot. Getting a little bit of 87 octane in your full tank of 93 octane isn't going to make a bit of difference. & #x200B; However, there are different infrastructures, pumps, and hoses for gasoline vs diesel. & #x200B;"
] | [
"You only full your truck with a certain amount of diesel. You can't overfill, you can with sugar. If you could put an unlimited amount of fuel in your truck, it works be very inefficient hauling around excess diesel it didn't require."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does spicy food hurt my belly | [
"The active ingredient in spicy food is a chemical called capsaicin. Scientifically, it's an agonist to the TRPV1 protein. What that means is that it binds to a chemical in your cells, which causes the cell to send a signal to your brain saying that the cell is on fire. This is part of the plant's natural defense m... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a breathalyzer detect blood alcohol content by blowing into them? | [
"When you have alcohol in your blood there will be some in your exhaled breath as well. The breathalyzer converts the ethanol in your breath into acetic acid and water. The byproduct of this reaction is a small amount of electricity. The breathalyzer measures how much electricity is produced and uses that to calcul... | [
"[Here](_URL_0_) ya go! This is a good site. Basically, Alcohol isn't broken down by your body right after you drink it, so when it's moving through your bloodstream, it moves into your lungs and some evaporates. The amount that goes into your breath is directly related to how concentrated it is in your blood-thus,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Who are the people responsible for putting full-size cars inside of malls and how do they do it? | [
"This is usually done by car dealerships who are trying to promote their business. Somewhere in the mall is a door big enough to fit a car through and they will open that door and drive it in."
] | [
"It costs a lot of money to build and maintain a lot of rooms and then fill them with people, one night at a time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
how can a fast chargers only work on specific brand and now the others? | [
"Google's Pixel chargers use the USB Power Delivery standard. So, they can indeed be used to fast charge another brand of phone that supports USB-PD. OnePlus's dash chargers use a proprietary method that is not standardized. The phone communicates with the charger and once the charger confirms that the phone is com... | [
"it is, and a lot of phones current have specs similar to that. some phones can connect to a tv and display. but it doesn't seem to be in demand."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:"
} |
How is Venezuela struggling financially, when it has some of the worlds largest oil reserves? | [
"Their government is full of corruption, so all the profit from the oil, instead of going to the people, is going to the politicians"
] | [
"Saudi Aramco holds all of the national oil reserves of Saudi Arabia, the country with the second-largest oil reserves in the world. The amount of oil in Saudi Arabia is incredibly huge, and basically all of it is easily accessible (as opposed to countries like Venezuela or Canada, where much of it is in difficult-... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people's breath form more vapor when they are near another source of vapor, like an engine exhaust or industrial plant? | [
"Because the air is already closer to saturated with humidity due to the other source, so it takes less added breath humidity to push it past the saturation point."
] | [
"It's not smoke, it's particles of water vapour that are condensing and sublimating into minuscule droplets and ice crystals. The most plentiful product of combustion is water. It looks like smoke for the same reason you can see your breath when you exhale in the cold. When the car moves the water disperses in the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What makes my head hurt during a headache? | [
"A change in blood flow to the head area. Whether it is muscle inflammation or chemicals, the change in blood flow isn't regarded as a good thing to your brain. The sensors on your veins and arteries will send a signal to your brain saying something changed and a pain signal is created. The more the change, the wor... | [
"What causes the chills at the end of a good pee?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
how do they store and transport highly radioactive materials like reactor core level or higher radioactivity | [
"Active fuel from a reactor core is stored under water. Water is one of the best radiation shielding materials. It blocks pretty much every kind of atomic radiation, it's cheap, safe and easy to maintain. It's kept this way for at least 5 years after coming out of the reactor to cool it down. Fuel is not only radio... | [
"The truth is much more boring than your comic book fantasies. Nuclear waste is anything that got sufficient exposure to be a danger. Extra coolant fluid, old pipes from the reactor, anything that spent enough time near the nuclear fuel, is toxic waste."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do two negatives multiply to a positive? | [
"Move two steps forward (+2). Now, go back to zero and move the opposite of two steps forward.(-2). That's one negative. Now, go back to zero and move the opposite of the opposite of two steps forward. Where did you end up? +2? That's the simplest way I could think of explaining this!"
] | [
"Do you want all of your math to be in negative numbers? Because that's how you get all of your math to be in negative numbers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why do some Bluetooth devices (receivers) seem to maintain connection at longer distances? | [
"There are 3 different classes for bluetooth devices - lower power = less range. Class 3 is designed for short range, < 10 meters. Class 2 is designed for around 10 meters. Class 1 devices are designed for around 100 meters. Your Jaybird is probably a class 3 or 2 device and your JBL speaker is a class 1."
] | [
"Wireless is made up of two parts - transmitter and receiver. In general, a better antennae for transmitting will also be better for receiving, which is why just changing antennae can make a big difference. When a device talks about signal strength, it's talking about the fastest it can both send and receive the in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do cupcake liners not burn in the oven? | [
"Paper burns at 451 degrees, and cupcakes usually cook around 350. You've gotta REALLY mess up to burn cupcake liners in an oven."
] | [
"It has to do with how much moisture is in the food compared to how much moisture is in the air. Oreo? Drier than air, they gain moisture and turn soft. Loaf of bread? More moist than air, it loses moisture and dries up. Kitchen hack: put a slice of bread in with cookies to keep the cookies fresher a little longer.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Food Science:"
} |
Why does drinking alcohol not kill all of your beneficial gut bacteria? | [
"The alcohol's been absorbed by the time it hits the large intestine."
] | [
"There are. In fact, by cell count, you are far more bacteria than you are human. Your stomach is full of bacteria that helps you digest, giving you more energy. Unfortunately, antibiotics are indiscriminate and hurt them too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Microbiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Microbiology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Microbiology:"
} |
Currently watching Sharknado, why don’t we see more large aquatic animals thrown ashore during hurricanes? | [
"1). Sea creatures know when to get the hell out of Dodge when a hurricane is coming. 2) large sea creatures don’t dwell close enough to the shore to be pushed ashore by storm surge. The water is too shallow that close to shore."
] | [
"Maybe that is exactly why they make those movies. Just going on a limp here, but it could very well be a form of escapism, just like zombie and apocalypse movies are an escapism genre for the west. (Just look at all the people who say they want a zombie apocalypse so they can get away from their current life)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does depression cause physical pain, such as a tight chest or aches? | [
"Serotonin and norepinephrine are the chemicals in the body used to keep your mood \"normal\" they also play a role in pain. When someomes depressed these chemicals are out of wack and the body and mind act in a negative way."
] | [
"Mental upset causes your body to release stress hormone. Prolonged presence of stress hormone triggers shut down of digestive functions which causes the diarrhoea, loss of appetite, inappropriate reaction to certain foods, ect. It also alters brain functions which can cause headaches, brain fog, ect. The immune sy... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can my phone still charge (on a magnetic charger) if I’m holding it an inch above? | [
"Wireless chargers work on induction. The inductive field isn’t as strong when the phone is held above it, but the field is still there. The field of induction is three-dimensional— it’s not just flat."
] | [
"It's convenient. Less effort to place a device on a charging pad than it is to plug in a micro-USB. It's cool. We like things wireless. It smells like the future. (sorry thats appeal though, not advantage) It can be aesthetically more streamlined and pleasing. No loose micro-USB ends across your desk. It's less we... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are golf balls shaped the way they are and not perfect spheres? | [
"The dimples actually improve the aerodynamics and flight characteristics. I know that seems counter intuitive, but their's hard science behind it. The dimples create very small air currents near the surface of the ball. The balanced cushion of air stabilizes the ball as it flies (hopefully) to the putting green."
... | [
"Think of it like a filter. Imagine I am throwing a bunch of colored balls at you, red, green, blue, etc. But they pass through a filter on the way which removes all but the red balls. What balls get to you? Only red. What balls can bounce off things around you? Only the red ones."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a stock when it comes to merch and business? | [
"Stock is a general reference to the product that you're selling that is ready to sell, if you have three spoons at your store that your're willing to sell, you have three spoons in stock. However, a Stock can also refer to a share of a company that you can own. If you buy this type of stock, you own part of the c... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do twisted ankles work? Why do they hurt so much? | [
"So inside you and I we have ligaments, they basically connect bone to bone around joints like elbows, knees, ankles, etc. they keep your ankle joint in order and lined up, keep it from slipping or folding left or right every step you take A twisted ankle is a damaged ankle ligament. The act of “twisting” it over ... | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does a popcorn pop? | [
"It’s a special variety of corn where the hardened kernels have a squishy inside with a bit of water. This water turns to steam when cooked and the squishy inside liquefies. The steam pressure pops the kernel open and the insides rapidly cool down into the weird shapes we see."
] | [
"What the hell is a stainless steel soap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what happens to all the calories from food if you overat? | [
"It becomes fat. Calories are energy, and the human body really likes storing the stuff, because historically we haven’t had a lot of times where food was in such abundance. Edit: I’m sure there are other things too, such as increasing risks for heart disease and the like, but this is Eli5, not a medical journal."
... | [
"your poop is not created because you have ubalanced diet. your poop is created because you don't digest everything. secondly you will need to pee to get rid of byproducts of metabolism."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does thermal imaging work? | [
"A very basic explanation is that all heat generates thermal radiation...and thermal radiation is just another form of light. Our eyes can't detect that light (just like we can't see ultraviolet rays or x-rays), but we can make equipment that can detect that light and convert it to a screen image or whatever displa... | [
"That's exactly how car insurance works. Can you clarify your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Can we actually hear multiple sounds at once, or do we only hear one overall noise and our brains interpret it as multiple things? | [
"In a word, yes. You’ve actually described the phenomenon pretty well. Sound is actually waves of energy vibrating in the atmosphere. The lower the pitch, the longer the wave. The higher the pitch, the shorter the wave. When multiple sources of sound happen at the same time those waves intertwine, harmonize, defuse... | [
"The iris just controls how much light enters our eyes, and it's done automatically - we can't control it. Focusing on different objects is done by changing the shape of the lens at the front of the eye. Focusing on sounds is entirely mental. Unlike vision, we actually hear all sounds at the same time - there's no... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:"
} |
version numbers. What constitutes a shift from 2.0 to 3.0, versus 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.18.456, etc? | [
"Lots of different projects have different versioning systems. However, my preferred one (and a fairly common one) is called [Semver](_URL_0_). With semver, it's separated into Major.Minor.Patch, where Major versions are for incompatible API changes, minor versions are for backwards-compatible features, and patch v... | [
"> For example, let's say 90-100 = A+ = 4.0 and 85-89 = A = 3.9. I've never seen that scale before. I've always seen something more like: 97-100 = A+ = 4.33 94-96 = A = 4.0 90-93 = A- = 3.67 87-89 = B+ = 3.33 etc. Thus Student A has a GPA of 4.08, and Student B has a GPA of 3.67."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do laptops need heatsinks but not phones? | [
"One thing other replies haven't mentioned is that the CPUs inside phones are *much* more efficient than those inside normal PCs. The main point of that efficiency is so your battery lasts longer, but it also helps keep everything cooler. For reference. A modern-ish Phone CPU like a Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 may use ... | [
"A gaming computer should suffice for office work, though it may cost a lot, use more power, generate more heat, take up more space, and attract some funny looks from co-workers. These days, you can pretty much use high-end tablets as office PCs. Just set up a docking station with a few monitors and you're good to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does hand sanitizer feel so cold? | [
"The alcohol quickly evaporates from your skin. Faster than water would. As it does, it grabs a bit of heat from your hand. It’s the same as why water evaporating from your skin cools it off including sweat. Alcohol does it faster so it cools your skin quicker."
] | [
"They are made with a blend of different moisturizers and aloe. Then, when the tissue comes in contact with your skin, the formula activates and releases to cool down your nose. Now, it doesn't actually cool anything, and the tissues aren't actually cool. It just feels cool. It tricks your skin. Yes, bed sheets cou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is IV fluid made of sodium chloride and water, rather than just water? | [
"Injecting pure water into your bloodstream is a bad idea. Water is absorbed from Low-salt to high-salt areas by osmosis, meaning the fresh water would go into the red blood cells, making them swell up and burst. It’s a pretty common demonstration in biology classes, you can see the red blood cells explode in real ... | [
"Water follows salt, and bacteria need water. After they get pulled out of the infected area by the salt in the water, the salt pulls out the water inside the bacteria too, and that's how they die. To answer your second question, yes it can be used in other areas. In medical situations there's something called *nor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why toddlers are so great in learning languages ? | [
"Part of it is because that is all they do, all day, every day. You'd be pretty good at it if you spent that much time."
] | [
"Babies don't speak English. Or any language for that matter. What they do have some grasp of, is the tone of your voice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does it take so long for mood stabilizing drugs such as antidepressants to work? | [
"In the case of antidepressants, it's because their mechanism of action is neurogenesis in the hippocampus. This process takes roughly two weeks to have an effect on serotonin levels. The fact that antidepressants act via hippocampal neurogenesis is relatively recently discovered by science - within about the last... | [
"SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) target low levels of serotonin in the brain, which scientists believe to be the chemical/hormone we make that relates to mood. Lower serotonin, depression. The SSRIs try to level that out. There are many other types of antidepressants, but SSRIs are the most common. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does the Auto start-stop feature on high end cars work? How does the engine know when to stop? | [
"Wheels not turning? Stop engine. Accelerator pedal pushed? Start engine."
] | [
"Battery is used to start the car, so it can’t power all electrical sources and start the engine at the same time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
how does soap actualy work? | [
"They soap molecule is very different at each end. One end is attracted to oil/grease. The other is attracted to water. When they all come together, the soap glues the grease to the water instead if your hand/face/ass/etc. making it much easier to wash off."
] | [
"i just drop like a sack of potatoes. So if there is such a mechanism i want to ask the follow up question why mine doesn't work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What the difference between a headache and migraine is, how you know which one you have, and what they feel like? | [
"Just my personal experience.... Headache= “ouch, my head hurts” Migraine= “oh shit, I can’t see properly, I can’t focus, I can’t speak coherently, I feel like vomiting...oh and my entire head face neck and back hurts” A headache for me is like a dull pain in an isolated area. It’s painful but not debilitating. A ... | [
"Headaches are not actually pain in your brain because the brain does not have pain receptors. He aches are actually symptoms of other issues. Many headaches are cause by dehydration, so drinking more water consistently helps treat / prevent. Another common cause is tension or stress. A good way to treat these type... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
i dont understand animals having multiple primary colours. What do they see? | [
"Light is Radiation and there are different frequencies that correspond with different colors. Us humans have three distinct receptors in our eyes and are able to see a part of the radiation spectrum with them. Other animals have more types of receptors and see colors like infrared (a to us invisible frequency of t... | [
"This isnt true for all animals. Many animals when domesticated have much longer lives. Could you clarify what animal you are talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do most stores don't use round numbers but something like 9.99 | [
"Research shows that people unconsciously think of $9.99 as being much cheaper than $10.00. So stores will get more sales for just taking 1c off from each sale."
] | [
"2.019 looks simply cheaper than 2.020 The difference is tiny, but it's enough to trick your subconsciousness a bit. You can prevent that by thinking about the price, but you might fall for it if you just look at the gas price quickly. That's actually the very same with every price. Everything costs 0.99 because yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do missiles track their targets? | [
"There are multiple forms of missile guidance, radar, infra red, optical, terrain and Star guidance, GPS. Inertial. Undoubtedly more ways, but majority are these types). Infra red tracks a heat signature. (See Sidewinder) Radar is either active where the missile has it's own radar guidance, or Semi active where the... | [
"It's a warhead strapped on a rocket. Rockets go fast. If you can identify and properly track the rocket, sure. You'll need a rocket that can go faster than your enemy's."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does a scientific calculator show "0" as a result if I add 1 to a really high number and then substract said high number although it should show "1"? | [
"Your calculator doesn't store all of the digits for 2^50, so the 1 at the very end gets removed from the memory. How many digits a calculator actually holds depends from calculator to calculator."
] | [
"First of all, there is no reasoning to set division by zero to zero because if the denominator of a fraction tends towards zero, the fraction itself tends towards infinity (or minus infinity) and not zero. However, you can't set the result of a fraction with zero as its denominator to be infinite because infinite ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does alcohol make you 'drunk'? | [
"The assumed and most obvious mechanism of Alcohol is it’s modulation of GABA. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that slows down the activity of the central nervous system. This leads do sedation, a mood lift, tiredness and eventually the infamous blackout. Alcohol is a really complicated drug however and we a... | [
"Alcohol is a diuretic: it makes you pee. You've probably noticed that. Even drinking something like beer, you pee out more than the water that was in the beer. So, you pee a lot, you get dehydration. Common symptoms of dehydration? Headache, nausea, muscle pain, exhaustion. Also known as a hangover. How do you tre... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What does it mean to be long-sighted | [
"I believe you mean far sighted and if so, basically your eyes can see things at a distance fine, but when they get closer your eyes dont focus accurately making vision slightly blurry."
] | [
"It’s almost as if we don’t want to bring people into a world that sees them as a commodity..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do ears/inner-ears/brains/? know how far away the sound is (is it close by or far away)? | [
"The brain calculates the differences between what the left and right ear hear to determine the properties of the sound. The time difference between the arrival of the sound among the ears is used mainly to determine the sound's direction. It then calculates the energy level absorbed (which means how strong the vib... | [
"It sounds more muffled than \"normal\" when heard from behind, since our ears are aimed more forward for picking up sounds. We aren't hearing a single lone unique sound out of nowhere (and if we are, we can't always accurately determine its location even on the left/right axis - ever try finding out exactly where ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why the phone call voice quality sucks while we have pretty nice mics and speakers on our phones? | [
"Long story short, it’s to make it cheaper to have many phone calls happening simultaneously. On a copper wire, or fiber optic cable, or in the wireless frequency, there’s only a certain amount of bandwidth available. To maximize the number of simultaneous phone calls, you want to make each phone call as “small” a... | [
"It depends on what type of phone you have and what type of device you're using. Most new phones can connect to multiple different types of devices like a smart watch and headphones. The problem is if you want to connect to say multiple speakers at the same time. It's very hard to transmit the data over a bluetooth... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How can things like GPS or radio work over such immense distances, even though magnets have a relatively small radius of measurability and electrons feel resistance over long wires? | [
"Here’s my shot at ELI5ing: Here’s a similar question: why when I blow air out of my mouth, I can only feel it a few centimeters away from my face, but I can speak and people can hear me across the room? GPS, radio signals and even voice are waves, and waves act in interesting ways: think of a really packed stadium... | [
"There are 4 forces that are in the discussion. Weak nuclear, strong nuclear, magnetic and gravitational. The other three all have much higher strengths in comparison to what is generating them. For example, a small magnet can easily override the forces exerted by the gravity of an entire planet. The nuclear forces... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is deet in insect repellents bad for us humans? | [
"It seems to have a low but existent correlation with neurological effects like seizures and mood disorders and in extreme cases brain damage. However, this generally comes from high exposure and appears to be rare. I don't believe the mechanism of action is known."
] | [
"The tick repellent you put on your dog won't work on humans. The only tick repellant that works on humans is DEET, which you can find in many insect repellant sprays (Off! Deep Woods has the most). It's important to note that DEET is not the same as DDT, which is harmful to the environment and to people. DEET is s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do spacecrafts not melt off through launch if the temperature in the exosphere is 1700 degrees celsius? | [
"What everyone else said about heat transfer in extremely rarefied atmosphere is correct, but the bigger issue is why argue with a flat earther? There's literally no facts, evidence, proof, etc. that would change his or her mind. On the other hand, I'd ask how they know the exosphere is 1,700 degrees C. I assume it... | [
"> Does this mean that when it's day time on the moon, the moons dusty surface is really hot? The peak temperature of the Moon's surface is about 106 degrees Celsius and it drops to -183 Celsius at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
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