query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How can companies operate for years with negative incomes of billions of dollars? | [
"Capital contributions and loans! Basically, almost any business won't be able to be profitable right from the start, it has to buy and build before it can sell, etc. The first way it gets money is from people who exchange money for shares. If there are future profits, the shareholders get a percentage. Beyond that... | [
"So does the problem lie within failing to reinvest and hording massive amounts of savings?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can you compare the internet speed to a velocity unit such as m/s? If so, how does the internet information travel? | [
"The speed you usually hear for the internet is how much data you can transfer in a given time. This is much more a function of the kind of connection and how the ISP will handle it than physical laws. It's like a pipe with water in it, a smaller pipe will transfer less water per second than a large pipe no matter ... | [
"It takes signifficantly longer for the website or game etc. to respond to your input. Imagine having to send a message to the top floor of a tall building using the elevator. It would take longer for the message to arrive to its destination and longer for an answer to arrive at your place. The height of the buildi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is something blurry if it’s only a couple of cm’s away from my eyes? | [
"Because the lens in your eye can't change shape in such a way that makes focusing on such a close object possible. It just hasn't evolved to do it."
] | [
"The mirror is close, but it just reflects the light. When you look at a mirror at something 10 meters behind you, it's the same as when looking at something that is 10 meters behind the mirror."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is it that people that sleep on their back are more likely to suffer from sleep paralysis than people that don’t? | [
"When you sleep on your back, the muscles and squishy bits at the back of your mouth and in your throat collapse more easily. This can obstruct your airway. When your airway is obstructed, your body jolts itself awake and overrides normal sleep in order to fix the problem (though you may not remember waking or full... | [
"I used to get it all the time without being aware of what it was. They were always extremely terrifying dreams. Ignorance did not help me at all. I made them stop with one simple trick. I stopped sleeping on my back. Once I started sleeping prone or on my side, I never got them. On the rare occasion that I do get ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does the lock on my bathroom door only turn ~90° right and left, while the lock on my door can turn several rounds? | [
"Sounds like the lock on your main door is broken. Most locks only need to turn roughly 90 degrees to engage and lock the mechanism/slide the bolt in to place."
] | [
"I would assume that the front door lock has one less pin than your bedroom door. For example, say your bedroom door lock has 5 pins, then I'm guessing that your front door has 4 pins, and that they match the first 4 pins in your bedroom door lock."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why people often forget what was their task when moving from one room to another? | [
"It’s referred to as “location amnesia”. Oh wait, have to run back inside for something important (wallet, phone, keys etc.) After that thought, your brain is now processing movement into the other room. Also, as soon as you enter another room, the brain is flooded with the new sensory information of that room. All... | [
"This is relevant to anyone that works with a computer in an outbound call center. My idea of being in a personal hell is never guessing right when it comes to which way each pad goes, without looking."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Blowing out a speaker | [
"The explanation from /u/kidqueefy is correct. But he doesn't explain what \"clipping\" is. When you try to drive an amplifier too hard, you can get to the point where it simply can't provide any more power. The tops/bottoms of the waveform don't continue to go on as they should, but instead just max out. If you... | [
"High pressure air moving to fill low pressure air."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans almost always have only one child per pregnancy unlike almost all other mammals? | [
"Almost all large sized mammals, like primate sized and above, normally give birth to a single offspring per pregnancy. Smaller mammals, such as cats, do indeed give birth to more than one offspring. It is largely dependent on size, and humans are large enough that we fall into the one offspring per birth event cat... | [
"Human twins aren't always identical twins. There's basically two different kinds of twins: Identical which happens when the fertilized egg splits into two, which then turns into two babies instead instead. Then there's Fraternal twins, which just means there were two lucky sperms instead of one, so there's two fer... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does a medical biller and/or coder do? | [
"Basically doctors, hospitals, etc treat patients for all sorts of different things. To keep track of all this to know what a medical procedure costs there is a universal system (I think there are actually 3 systems) of alphanumeric codes for each diagnostic/procedure and so on (like a CT scan might have one, diffe... | [
"Nurse practitioners often have years of nursing experience and then return to get their masters degree and become a medical provider. Some work under a Physician guidance but some can work on their own. Physician assistants are similar to nurse practitioners in that they have clinic experience, get their masters a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why isn’t cost of housing include in the CPI? It seems like it’s the largest inflationary factor in most people’s lives? | [
"The cost of a fridge or a car or a loaf of bread doesn't vary much between NYC, San Francisco, and Topeka. But housing varies drastically from market to market. Also, if you're locked into a 30 Year Fixed Rate mortgage, your housing costs don't vary much year to year, but if you're a new buyer or a renter they do.... | [
"Nope, simply because wages in these industries are not the driving cost factor. Just the rent is a way bigger factor for good locations."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Economics:"
} |
When tapping your fingers on a desk (or anything else, really), why is it so much easier to go from pinky to first finger, vs the other way? | [
"as someone who has been playing guitars for 25 years i just tried this and it feels equally comfortable going in any order. pinky ring middle index, index middle ring pinky, ring middle pinky index, pinky middle index ring, etc. so my conclusion is that its just your muscle memory. for someone who hasnt spent ye... | [
"Your finger slaps against the palm of your hand at a high speed, causing that part of your hand to vibrate intensely for a very short period of time, which then causes the air to vibrate, which finally causes our ears to pick up the sound. Edit: I just realized something about snapping my fingers and why I always ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I work for a package delivery company and I’ve noticed that a small package that weighs, say 50lbs, feels heavier and harder to pick up than a larger package that weighs the exact same. Why? | [
"Obviously, the weight is actually the same in both boxes. It will feel heavier because the pressure on your hands is higher. Pressure is force/area. Using psi (pounds per square inch), both boxes have the same 50 lbs, but the smaller box has less surface area, and therefore a higher psi that you hands observe."
] | [
"Imagine you're roofing a house and you need to get 100 bundles of shingles up a ladder and on the roof. Torque is how many bundles you can carry at a time, while horsepower is how quickly you can get all the bundles on the roof. If one person can carry one bundle up in a minute and another person can carry two bun... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do the forces/speed when you’re in the passenger seat/back seat feel so much more severe than in the drivers sea? | [
"I'm pretty sure it's because when you're in the driver's seat you're operating the vehicle, you're in control of the forces and speed and your body automatically compensates, knowing what you're about to make the vehicle do. Where the passengers are only reacting to the outside forces."
] | [
"There are two things at play here. To start with we do not every feel how fast we are going, we feel the *change* in speed. When an airplane speeds up down the runway to take off you feel yourself getting pushed back into your seat. But once it is at a steady speed you no longer feel that. The other aspect is wi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
In MMA and boxing, is a "good chin" something fighters possess naturally, or are there ways to improve it over time? | [
"I think you'd need an intensely strong neck for it to be significant. A professional boxer's blow is every muscle working in tandem to concentrate a large force on a small contact. Your neck/jaw muscles will never stop the force from translating through. \"Conditioning\" by being punched a bunch in the chin is lar... | [
"Gloves got better at protecting the hands, allowing boxers to hit harder without injuring themselves. I imagine that the overall fitness of boxers has improved as well, allowing them to physically hit harder. There is no real similar way to condition yourbody against a knockout."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do headaches hurt worse than pain experienced in other parts of the body? | [
"The neural 'links' are very close to the pain receptors in the brain. There is reduced 'signal loss' or neural degradation because of the close proximity, therefore the pain feels more intense or sharper. The same goes for toothache or face or head pain."
] | [
"You have a higher concentration of nerves in your hand than you have in most other places on your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do birds always face the same direction when on a telephone wire? | [
"Most birds do this to face into the wind, otherwise their feathers would be ruffled and no one likes ruffled feathers."
] | [
"You raise the birds at the destination. You have a roost for them, let them fly for exercise, etc. Then you carry them to the place you want to send messages from. When you let them go, they fly back to their roost."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Bird behavior:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Bird behavior:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Telecommunications:"
} |
why does music, more specifically an album, grow on you after a few listens? | [
"My first thought is that the brain likes to know what's coming. It literally makes us happier when there's a balance between what we expect and something unexpected. So when it starts getting familiar, we become more comfortable with it and we start to feel better about it."
] | [
"You don't just memorize words to a song. You memorize patterns within the song. Beat, rhythm, melody, rhyming schemes. You associate music with other moments that also help provide context. Also, you usually listen to a song more than once. I've heard every Led Zeppelin 1000 times a least, so it gets ingrained in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Cognitive psychology:"
} |
How did banks manage their databases and (inter)national transactions when there was no internet? (~1850-1950) | [
"Buildings and buildings of physical documentation. Underwriters were a lot more prevalent back then, and were required to do more."
] | [
"FAQ here. Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Where do internet providers get their internet from and why can't we make our own? ](_URL_7_) ^(_ > 100 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Where do ISP companies get their internet from? ](_URL_7_) ^(_4 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How do internet... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Technology:"
} |
how solar panels actually generate power from the sun | [
"Solar Cells consist of two layers of material. In-between is a thin interface that cannot be simply passed by electrons. Sunlight however provides enough energy to push electrons over this barrier. These electrons want to go back to their original side, but can't because of the barrier. So their only option is to ... | [
"nuclear fuel rods heat water, steam turns a turbine. they are very basic, no need to complicate it more than need be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How come angry crying makes the throat get "tight" and "close up"? | [
"I just read a quick article, hopefully It was accurate. Basically there is something in your throat called the glottis. The glottis will automatically open wide, to get oxygen in the lungs. You won’t actually feel your glottis opening. Even when you’re swallowing, your body will automatically try to keep your glot... | [
"Your larynx is inflamed. In there are folds of tissue that vibrate to make your voice when air passes over it. When they get all swelled up, they can't vibrate like they could before. Think about how difficult it would be to talk if your tongue swelled up, it's a bit like that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Do snakes (and other animals) get arthritis? | [
"Dogs and cats do. I remember a lion at a zoo also had arthritis. I don't think many wild animals live long enough to get arthritis."
] | [
"The only reason reptiles like snakes are brightly colored is to alert predators that they are poisonous. Birds are brightly colored to attract mates. Fish are brightly colored to attract mates and alert predators they are poisonous. Amphibians like frogs are brightly colored to alert predators they are poisonous. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do NaCl and KCl dissolve in water despite having a positive enthalpy of solution? | [
"Because water is a polar solvent, the Na+, K+ and Cl- ions will gravitate to opposing ends of a water molecule."
] | [
"Water is liquid because of polarity within the molecules, and hydrogen bonding between the molecules. These two factors promote attraction between molecules. HCl and H2S don't have as much attraction between molecules, so they become gases more easily."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the human body differentiate between varying degrees of pain? | [
"Hmm not good with the eli5 metaphors for complex topics but I'll try and be super general. Leaving out lots and lots of detail, there are a number of different TYPES of nerve fibers and also receptors for said types in your body. Some detect pain and temperature, others are better at pressure, etc. And there are L... | [
"Could it have something to do with sensing the presence of a liquid first before sensing its temperature?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why do people own paper shredders? | [
"Like you said, to shred personal stuff. Banking documents, medical documents, confidential correspondence, anything they don't want someone reading really"
] | [
"It's illegal in a huge number of jurisdictions already. Where do you live?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are eSports so much more popular in South Korea than other places? | [
"Their culture is much more accepting of gaming then most of western culture. Especially when it comes to gaming as a career. They even have college courses on how to be a pro gamer. In a place like say the U.S though gaming still has a stigma as being for kids and or lazy people. Taking a college course on gaming ... | [
"I think it is because most countries don't care about it too much. Europe, most of Asia, most of Africa don't play it too much. The major countries who do play are the US, Japan and a couple of South and Central American countries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does a slightly hot shower feel like you are burning when it touches your skin, while a hot tub set at 102F feels comfortable when you get into it? | [
"In addition, a hot tub has its water somewhat static. When you enter, the hot water transfers its heat to you but stays roughly where it is, so it kind of forms a shield of slightly colder water around you. You notice, when you move inside the tub it gets hotter briefly. In a shower, there's new hot water constan... | [
"The temperature of water relative to your body temperature vs the temperature of water relative to what you perceive as cold drinking water. Another example would be getting into a pool of \"cold\" water. The water may only be 60 degrees, which is cold when you submerge yourself into it, but you would not think it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Science:"
} |
What is happening in your brain when you try to remember something and then it comes for a second and goes back right away? | [
"I am neither an expert nor from the related field. What I remember is when we try to remember something, we don't remember it from its original location- when the memory was created. We remember it when it was last time remembered. When you remember it and it just goes away after a second it's mostly because you a... | [
"When you do the same thing over and over again, day after day, year after year, the brain puts them all together in a \"boring memory\" box at the back of the garage to save space. When you think back over the last year the contents of that box aren't included, so it seems you haven't done many things. Something t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does it take energy just for us to stand? | [
"Brain thinking and telling muscles to twitch/contract to keep you ballanced enough to not fall over. Thinking and muscles use takes energy"
] | [
"You get tired using your brain too you know. That thing uses a lot of energy. Do you use your brain a lot at work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does depression work? | [
"If medical science actually had the answer we would have many fewer depressed people. Lots of good possibilities, but only partial answers."
] | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Perspective in paintings; why did it need to be ‘discovered’? | [
"It's not that simple, trying to achieve the illusion of depth just by looking to an scene requires a lot of time, skill and even then it would probably not be convincing, and good luck if you try to draw something from imagination, that's why a method was needed, it would have probably been discovered before if it... | [
"As my art history professor says, \"Yes, you could do a drip painting. But you didn't do it first.\" It isn't just about aesthetic appeal. It's also about the ingenuity of the work. Pollock moved the field forward just like Caravaggio. His contemporaries didn't \"get it\" either."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why doesn’t plain old water moisturize your skin? | [
"Because your skin needs oil to be moist, not water. Your skin and hair naturally make oils, but sometimes it isn't enough, especially if you live in a dry place. (:"
] | [
"You're licking off all the oils that keep your lips moisturized."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can some states have zero income and/or sales tax? | [
"Only Alaska has no income tax or sales tax. They get most of their money by taxing the oil companies. The state makes so much from that, they give eligible residents $900 per year to live there. All other states have either an income tax, a sales tax, a gross receipts tax, or a combination of those. A gross receip... | [
"They prefer to tax other things, because sales tax hits poor people especially hard (there is no exemption for the poor), unlike say income tax."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
what is it that makes something cute and why is there an overwhelming desire to say "awww" when a cute thing is seen? | [
"Cultural stuff. You'd say \"booya\" if that was the common thing, most likely"
] | [
"This is more of a shower thought that I had a few months ago, but everyone loves boobs. Gay, straight, male, female, so there has to be some basis in biology. My hypothesis is that everyone loves titties because they're babies primary biological food source and therefore breasts are associated with feeding time, c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What does 'Straw Man Fallacy' actually mean? | [
"Person A: I'm in favor of justice reform - We need to reduce sentences for crimes, and focus our efforts less on punishment and more on rehabilitation. Person B: You're for putting murderers and rapists out on the streets?! How despicable! In the above hypothetical, Person B is not arguing against the position tha... | [
"3 ways of presenting an argument: Pathos: Authority, I'm in charge so listen AND believe me. Generally appeals to Authority, Tradition, or Reputation. Logos: Logic. I'm smart, what I'm saying is logical. Believe me. Generally appeals to Clarity, Logic, and Evidence Ethos: Feelings, emotion, empathy. What I'm sayin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does revenge feel so good? | [
"Some interesting Buddhist-style imprecations on here, but I'll offer my own thinking that revenge is an adaptive behaviour. & #x200B; Many intelligent animals have a sense of justice, it's been shown time and again that animals including chimps, ravens, dolphins, and your humble *H. sapiens* have a sense of fairn... | [
"Because it makes you feel really good. Pure and simple. There is nothing more complex to it really, alcohol makes you feel good."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is the difference of the vocal cords of a professional singer and a person that can't sing? | [
"Vocal cords are just muscles. Like how body builders are naturally able to get buffer arms natural singers have naturally buffer vocal cords it is possible to work out these muscles like a normal person would work out to stay fit However natural abilities are important"
] | [
"A have a follow up question. How come a female can have a deeper tone than a male but i can still tell which is female and male most of the time"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
how does file encryption work? | [
"Encryption takes place in \"realtime\". Basically veracrypt creates a virtual harddrive, which is the one you can use with the explorer. As soon as you write date to this virtual harddrive veracrypt encrypts this data on the fly and writes the encrypted data to the drive. You are not encrypting single files but a ... | [
"They sync an encrypted file with the passwords. You still need to decrypt it with your master password in each device."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do radios (or other communications) send different messages on very similar frequencies? | [
"Imagine all the frequencies in the air are like a bucket of mixed coins. You throw the coins through one of those coin sorters and then just look at the nickels for one channel, and the quarters for another channel. That coin sorter is called a band-pass filter."
] | [
"It doesn't. The radio waves are getting to you at the same speed they always are. However, they might not *all* be reaching you because there are obstacles in the way. Furthermore, the *protocol* that is transmitted over those radio waves is limited by many factors, including computation speed of the devices deali... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:"
} |
what’s the difference between atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb ? | [
"At atom bomb, aka fission bomb, works by taking a heavy element such as uranium and breaking up its nucleus, releasing energy in the process. A hydrogen bomb, aka fusion bomb, works by fusing together hydrogen atoms to create heavier elements such as helium, also releasing a lot of energy in the process."
] | [
"nuclear fuel rods heat water, steam turns a turbine. they are very basic, no need to complicate it more than need be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are most PC components compatible, yet CPU's architecture changes massively that you need new motherboard structure for the CPU? | [
"New CPU generations generally add capabilities (additional registers, different memory access modes, etc etc), and require supporting hardware on the motherboard. When you say GPU you are really referring to the video card, not the GPU chip itself. GPU chips also change their supporting architecture dramatically ... | [
"Laptops and desktops require too much processing power, which ARM processors are not designed for. ARM is primarily designed to be power savvy, so they're awesome in phones and tablets. Intel is slowly getting into the mobile market, but it's laughable at best compared to ARM. Another reason is that ARM CPU's have... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Physiologically, what's happening differently inside our bodies when we speak vs. whisper vs. yell? | [
"Speaking vs whispering is the difference between engaging your vocal chords or not. The vocal chords are what give you your \"voice\". It's your lips and tongue and mouth shape that actually control the air flow to give it the sounds that give your voice meaning. When you whisper, you're simply relaxing your vocal... | [
"Our vocal cords are ridiculously focused on our ability to make sounds. We are the only animal that chokes on food to a life threatening amount, only species that manages to swallow water wrong down our trachea. Related: our vocal cords don't descend into the proper position till we are 2-3. Don't underestimate a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Does shaking a bottle of water with ice in it make the water warmer or colder? | [
"IF the bottle and the water had been equalised for a while, it reaches \"melting ice temperature\" and this is constant until all ice has been melted. So, no temp change when shaking."
] | [
"Salt doesn't make water boil faster, it increases the boiling temperature, making it take MORE time to boil. It also does the opposite to ice, decreasing the freezing point, making it colder. Add salt to water to cook food faster, not to get it to a boil faster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do carnivore plants get rid of the excess nitrogen from their insect based diet? | [
"On the contrary, most carnivorous plants live in places where nitrogen is scarce. The nitrogen is what the plants are trying to *get* from the insects they eat, along with some other things like phosphorus and magnesium. There's no excess nitrogen since they aren't getting enough to begin with. Also, plants in gen... | [
"It doesn't. It just provides energy that, say, allows plants to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water, or to extract nitrogen from the air and make it available as nutrient compounds, or for your skin to make vitamin D."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the main arguments for and against banking regulation? | [
"\"Banking regulation\" is an exceptionally broad topic to say pro or con against -- are there certain regulations you're interested in? Otherwise its hard to give a reasonable ELI5 answer for what is a massive and diverse topic"
] | [
"Welcome to the one of the strongest arguments against the prohibition of firearms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does rolling up clothes (especially t shirts) seem to save so much more space than folding them normally? | [
"Every folded crease is like a spring because one side of the fold is compressed while the other side is stretched. For example, try folding a piece of cardboard so that both halves lie flat against each other. If you let go, it tends to spring back upwards. Folded clothes have the same effect. Each fold acts like ... | [
"All the most common \"crease-free\" setting does is keep the temperature up in the dryer and spins the drum back and forth once a minute or so - in order to stop the clothes from settling in one spot and forming creases. It just buys you some extra time between when the clothes are dried (i.e the main cycle) and w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does one experience pain? | [
"You have 4 types of sensors in your skin, one senses temperature, the other one pressure (a hard squeeze), the third one pain and the last one touch (a gentle touch). The pain one (Nociceptors) has a threshold, whenever the amount of stimuli (chemical, thermal, or mechanical) is above this threshold, it sends a si... | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did we take pictures of earth from space, if everytime I fly I don't really see the land, but it is always covered by clouds? | [
"If you mean like google earth, then there are photos taken from satellites, airplanes and helicopters on days that aren’t cloudy, every now and then you can find a border where the colour of a field changes or shadows change, depending on time of day or day of the year. It just takes lots of time and patience wait... | [
"because when you look out the window while flying 30,000 ft in the air the stuff on the ground you are looking at is really far away. Because it is so far way the things you are looking at do not change their relative position too much, trust me if you were flying between the skyscrapers of NYC at 900 km/h you wou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How did Chewbacca go from a great military leader of the Clone Wars to a bum smuggler? | [
"Chewie was captured by the empire. Then chewie spent a small amount of time with han in captivity. After nearly killing han they broke out and escaped together where they began a career consisting of looting and smuggling."
] | [
"Remember that relative to the proportion of people in galaxy, only a tiny, insignificant amount wield the Force, even during the height of the Republic before the Clone Wars. Now imagine after Vader killed most of them off. Even if they were alive before the Clone Wars, chances are most have never encountered a Je... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do Google Maps and other maps services get updates as new roads and highways are built? | [
"You can tell them online, my new build road and house was added in a couple of days. Makes getting deliveries much more reliable."
] | [
"Your GPS does not. The maps app does. How? Because countless other people are using the app and apple is using data from their travel to determine traffic conditions in real time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Where did the style of a Cape come from? Did it ever serve any functional purpose, or was it always purely for fashion? | [
"Capes used to be part of the standard wardrobe for centuries before the invention of the umbrella. It was how you kept most of your clothes dry."
] | [
"It doesn't really have a purpose aside from being decorative. However, that shouldn't stop you from enjoying the rich history of the pom, which can be traced way, way back to Norse mythology and beyond. It seems many of the northern countries have some sort of legend or myth that has a prominent character (Freyr,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
When it’s 10°C in spring the trees are green, but when it’s 10°C in autumn the trees are yellow, brown, and red? | [
"It's not the temperature that causes the leaves to change, it's the lack of sunlight. Less sunlight means less chlorophyll, and less food for the trees."
] | [
"Syrian living in Australia here. In Syria (northern hemisphere), in summer it is consistently 30-40°C outside and in winter it snows daily. In Australia (Victoria) there is absolutely no consistency. Half of our summer days can be rainy or even stormy, while half our winter days can be sunny. The inconsistency of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do many doctors work in crazy 24-36 hours shifts? | [
"Yes, tired doctors are more likely to make mistakes than rested ones. However, studies have found that handing patients off from one doctor to another is even MORE risky, since important information is not often passed on."
] | [
"Have roommates, live in shitty neighborhoods, forego basic necessities, work 2 (3? 4?) jobs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does video game data travel so quickly from user to user? It baffles me that you can be playing an online multiplayer game and in milliseconds one users actions can be "felt" hundreds of miles away by an opposing player. | [
"Very little data needs to be transferred. Eg, all that needs to be sent is \"Fred has killed Jim\". The game software already contains all the information it needs in order to show that, ie all of the scenery images and explosion effects. So long as your internet connection is fast enough, online gaming is pretty ... | [
"There is no internet. Its a word we use to describe the connections between computers on a global scale. You connect to these computers, called servers, through their address. The data is transferred as quickly as the computer can process them. 0s and 1s symbolize electricity flowing through a wire, or not. This h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how did single celled organisms come from raw materials? | [
"That is the million dollar question. There are theories but no one knows. A modern theory is that hydrothermal vents (mini volcanoes spewing out hot water) deep underwater carried different minerals and materials from the earth's crust. Over millions and millions of years, and with huge amounts of luck, the perfec... | [
"The cells have all the traits we associate with living things. They eat food, they procreate etc. The cells in the human body isn't all that different from the cells of single cell organisms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How are snakes and reptiles able to consume entire animals without chewing, while I have almost died from choking on a taco shell? | [
"Here is a link to help. They basically have a tube that is separate from their throat, so they do not choke [click here](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Canadian geese don't technically have teeth, since they are made of cartilage, but for the sake of this explanation, I will call them teeth. The teeth help to catch roots and vegetation from the bottom of lakes and ponds, as well as pull up grass. The second use is to mash up the vegetation seeing as they don't ch... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does connecting an electrical circuit without an appliance on it cause fires/explosions? | [
"The amount of current that flows is inversely proportional to the resistance. So if you drastically reduce the resistance, you drastically increase the current. Normally this will just trip your circuit breaker, since that's exactly what circuit breakers are for. Without one, it would heat up the wires so much it ... | [
"You tripped a breaker. When something draws too much power the circuit breakers break the electrical circuit in that area. This is a safety feature to prevent an electrical fire or electrocution when something shorts (hits the ground and draws maximum current) out. Breakers can be tripped by having too many things... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does chemotherapy work to stop cancer? | [
"My understanding is it targets and kills cells that have a fast rate of multiplying, such as your stomachs lining and your hair, but also cancer cells. There's not a way to get it to distinguish good vs cancer so it effectively kills them all."
] | [
"The chemotherapy agents used to treat cancer can, themselves, give rise to other cancers. So... yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does ginger ale seem to make gut and stomach pain go away? | [
"Ginger contains substances called gingerols and shogaols which help relieve digestive symptoms and inflammation by acting as a soothing agent"
] | [
"Ive never heard that it does. Is this common knowledge? I’ve always heard that warm or hot liquids cause your stomach to need to work a little harder to dissipate the heat so it will make a sore tummy feel worse. For gas sometimes you need a trigger to start the gas release so you drink something carbonated to set... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do NCAA Basketball players wear arm sleeves and white tights? | [
"Compression sleeves. Its supposed to increase blood flow and reduce recuperation time. But really they just want to look like Allen Iverson"
] | [
"Hockey gear is about protection, not warmth. Hockey players sweat like crazy during a game, and are in no way cold, even when you are on the bench. The \"shorts\" that players wear are heavily padded, and there for protection. They don't go below the knee because they would interfere with your ability to skate. In... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come some batteries are rechargable while others are not? | [
"Chemistry is the answer. Electricity from a battery is produced by a chemical reaction. The voltage of a single cell is determined by that chemistry. For instance, standard alkaline batteries produce 1.5v per cell. Nickel cadmium and nickel metal hydride batteries (which are rechargeable) produce 1.2v power cell. ... | [
"Phones use lithium batteries. Lithium batteries are terrible. AA batteries last 30+ years without being touched"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does is feel way colder or way hotter when the humidity is very high? | [
"I was going to suggest just searching for this, but I was surprised at how unclear a lot of search results are. Best I could find was that in cold weather, the extra moisture in the air in a humid environment will actually land on your skin and then evaporate and fee cooler, but that doesn't really explain why ev... | [
"Is that backwards? I feel like 70 in the winter is warm af and 70 in the summer is cool af. Likely because your body acclimates to the certain temps outdoor, and to heat or cool your house is warmer or cooler, etc. Also, lower humidity in the summer compared to outside and the lower humidity will feel cooler... ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is there a reason why matter is made of negatively charged electrons orbiting around positively charged nucleus and not the opposite? | [
"This is actually one of the big questions in physics. What you’re describing is antimatter, basically. At the start of the universe it and regular matter should have been generated in equal proportion, and likewise they should have annihilated each other. The fact that regular matter composes the majority of matte... | [
"An anti-matter atom is one made up of the anti-matter equivilent of normal subatomic particles. That is, instead of being made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons, it will be made up of positrons, anti-protons, and anti-neutrons. At the most fundamental level, particles and their anti-particle counterparts have... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is chaos theory? | [
"It has to do with systems where small changes in initial conditions have massive changes in the outcomes. If you try balancing a pen on its point it will fall down in a seemingly random direction, but the direction is determined by fractions of a millimeter."
] | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it harder to pee and slightly painful after sex? | [
"When someone has an erection, the opening to the bladder is mechanically shut off by the muscles. If a person is still erect when they try to pee, the urine will have to push harder though a smaller opening, which can be uncomfortable."
] | [
"There is a higher chance of bacteria entering the urethra with intercourse just due to the nature of the activity, however it isn't a bad idea to pee after masturbating as well! Better to be safe than sorry."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what is the Novikov self-consistency principle? | [
"Basically it's a view of time travel in which all the time travel that has ever happened is already factored into how the present is. So if you went back in time and say, tried to kill Hitler, Hitler's very existence shows that you already failed or that your involvement in the past was part of his creation. You c... | [
"Yes. It is given by F(x) = \\int_0^x e^(t^2) dt Because F' is the function you asked about. It doesn't have an antiderivative you can express in terms of \"elementary functions\" (trig functions, exp, polynomial functions). This question is addressed by differential Galois theory, which is a very complicated theor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it there are millions of combinations of the same type of key, such that two separate keys don’t open the same lock by coincidence? | [
"Keys usually have 5 points that change, ranging from 0 to 9. So there are only really 100,000 different combinations, assuming the same type of key. It works, because any given person only has a 1 in 100,000 chance of having the same key as you."
] | [
"For most purposes they will have the same properties, until they start interacting with other things that are isomers themselves. You can imagine two keys that are mirror images for each other that don’t fit in the same lock. It’s more or less the same thing going on, but scaled down to a very tiny size."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does our skin take on the texture or impression of whatever we sleep on, instead of staying elastic and returning to its normal state immediately? | [
"Laying on something long enough to leave a dent causes the fluids in the tissues to be squished into surrounding areas instead. It takes some time for those fluids to find their way back to where they belong."
] | [
"When you throw it on the floor, you've just taken it off. The fabric has absorbed a lot of humidity from your body, and is warm, both of which make the cotton more likely to hold a new shape as it dries and cools. This is why ironing works - the heat and damp soften cotton slightly allowing it to set into a new (h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If George Washington was unanimously elected president by the presidential electors how was John Addams elected VP. My understanding is that the VP was the runner up in the Presidential election. I guess my question really is, if all 69 votes went to Washington, how was a runner up determined? | [
"Under the electoral system as it existed in 1788, each elector received two votes, which each had to go towards a different candidate (in other words, each elector had to select two candidates each). All 69 electors used one vote on Washington, which made him the unanimous victor. The electors were not unanimous o... | [
"They're correct. The popular vote is technically useless. The people elect representatives in their states to vote in something called the Electoral College. In fact, the members don't actually have to vote for what the people voted for! But they always do. In the case where no candidate gets enough electoral vote... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What’s menthol and why is it in some cigarettes? | [
"Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from the oils of corn mint, peppermint, or other mints. But what's important is that menthol is the compound that causes that cooling sensation you get when you eat mint. It is also often used to relieve minor pain. Menthol in cigarettes gives that ... | [
"Tar is part of the tobacco, that's true - but there are hundreds of other chemicals that are added to to cigarettes. The big tobacco companies claim that these additives make the cigarettes more flavorful and provide a more pleasurable smoking experience. Others have argued that they make cigarettes more addictive... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do some foods "melt in your mouth"? | [
"Well \"melting\" via the heat of the food or your mouth causes some of the solid matter like lipids and proteins to desynthesize. But your saliva also breaks down carbs in your mouth through enzyme activity, making them more liquid like and therefore easier to absorb."
] | [
"\"Chocolate and Peanut butter have fat which don't dissolve well or at all in water, but do in milk because milk has fat.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is deodorant so hard to wipe off a shirt? | [
"He's asking why not how to clean deodorant off.... My best guess it's the deodorant is not water soluble and it tends to stick on surfaces like clothes because that's they way it's designed, if not, it would wear off quickly"
] | [
"Because when you rub your eyes, presumably with your hands or fingers, you're putting dirt, oil, and germs into your eyes making them more irritated. Next time use something clean like a napkin or tissue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Health and Physiology:"
} |
How does insurance work? | [
"The difference is that you could save $100 a month for 200 years, or you could pay an insurance company $100 a month for $250,000 worth of coverage and have it immediately."
] | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
how do amputees use robotic limbs? | [
"Something still functioning is used to control the limb - for example, someone with a prosthetic arm may control it using their good shoulder, or someone with a prosthetic hand may control it using their wrist muscles. [Source](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"There is a career field known as occupational therapy. These guys teach people with disabilities how to get through life with their disabilities. So in your case, the double arm amputee will work with the occupational therapist and a physical therapist or two in order to learn new ways to do things. At first, a p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did ROM files originally get extracted from cartridges like n64 games? How did emulator developers even begin to understand how to make sense of the raw data from those cartridges? | [
"The data on the ROMs is not scrambled (as far as I am aware). There is a lock chip that is used to validate the game is approved by Nintendo, but the data is freely readable. Otherwise they are standard ROM chips, you can download the datasheet here: _URL_0_ If you are an electric engineer, you can build a circui... | [
"I'm pretty sure the music is synthesized. The music actually stored on the cartridge is basically just the musical notes it should play, instead of having the actual sound data. The console then has a built in sequencer that reads the notes and plays them. The music files aren't thus very large at all. The texture... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are these website cookies that I keep consenting to? , | [
"A cookie is just a small piece of data that a website sends to your browser and your browser saves on your hard drive in a place it can quickly find it again. It's used so that the next time you visit the website it can ask the browser for that cookie and use the information stored to remember things about your pr... | [
"Because recently a law was passed in Europe which forces websites to tell you they use cookies. You should only see it once. Otherwise the cookies aren't working, ironically."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
The natural gas to a stove travels via a pipe to my home from whatever plant. What prevents the flame from following this gas up the pipe and causing a massive explosion? | [
"The flame needs oxygen to burn. There isn't enough oxygen in the pipe for it to keep burning."
] | [
"They actually *cause* fire/explosions to happen, just inside their cylinders. Are you asking how they prevent the fire from traveling and igniting the whole fuel tank?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does plastic turn white when it is bent? | [
"In a nutshell, bending plastic creates a ton of microscopic cracks and rips in the material. These microscopic cracks scatter the light, making the plastic appear white. Sources: [1](_URL_1_), [2](_URL_0_)."
] | [
"There's a chemical reaction taking place. It's the same reason the paint on your walls doesn't get wet again if you get water on it, and the same reason you can't turn bread back into dough just by adding water and mushing it up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What causes the Northern Lights? | [
"To discuss the northern lights, we have to talk about the Sun first. In the process of nuclear fusion and creating light, the Sun produces something called the solar wind, a stream of charged particles (ions, electrons, whatever) and blasts them out into space. As you know, the Earth has a magnetic field that surr... | [
"Where do you mean? Europe? The US? Middle East? Africa? Eastern Asia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is mold in bleu cheese safe but black mold can kill you? | [
"When fromagers make cheese with mold (such as bleu cheese), they are very careful to only introduce the specific, intended type of mold - they don't just let it sit and grow whatever molds happen to be in the area. While black mold produces toxic compounds, the specific kinds of mold used in cheese are non-toxic a... | [
"Mold, which is a fungus, grows from spores--it's like seeds for fungus. Most air contains mold spores to some degree. Some molds are harmful, some are not. It isn't something you want to take a chance with, so I wouldn't eat mold unless it was supposed to be in the food (such as blue cheese)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can Someone Explain Old Timey Phone Numbers to Me? | [
"Way back when phones were first being fielded, telephone exchanges were named, as opposed to assigned a 3-digit number. The names were usually (I'm not certain if it was a rule or if it was just the common practice) the city the exchange was located in. Then, the number was which phone you wanted to connect to. Ba... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What does it mean when it's said that a country has a strong economy ? | [
"The term \"strong economy\" doesn't have a technical meaning. The simplest interpretation is that a \"strong economy\" is one where the total production of goods and services is growing quickly. This is usually quoted as GDP growth. There can be many other interpretations of strength - unemployment, inflation, pr... | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does travelling to places always feel shorter on the way back. | [
"You’re more familiar with the trip and can better gauge where you are relative to your destination. You might also be excited for the trip so the anticipation elongates your sense of time whereas you are not as excited to go home"
] | [
"It about experiencing new things, adventure, and excitement. If you know how to travel correctly it doesn't have to cost much at all. Traveling is going outside your comfort zone to be apart of a new world."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the significance of the golden ratio in terms of real world applications? | [
"Nothing. It ostensibly appears in nature and aesthetically pleasing designs but the reality is that the Fibonacci function looks like the exponential function, and exponential growth is everywhere in nature. When you see people fit the golden ratio or the Fibonacci sequence onto flowers or conches or whatever, th... | [
"That is a tough question for an ELI5. It's both really. The masters had an intuitive grasp of the beauty of the mathematics that goes into great compositions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
what is overclocking, why does it matter, and how is it done? | [
"All CPUs have a specified clock speed, effectively for each tick of the clock the CPU performs one instruction (e.g. add, subtract, copy, move), faster clock = more instructions = the computer does more. The clock speed is set by the manufacturer based on performance tests but they lump them together into just a f... | [
"Integrated graphics chips take some of your shared system memory and use it for graphics. So, if you have 8 gigabytes total of system memory and dedicate 1GB of it for graphics then the rest of the system is left with 7GB to use. On most computer it's possible to change how much memory is dedicated to graphics. Th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How people -especially porn stars- clean their ass that deep so it is clean all the way that penis or dildo goes through? | [
"They use an enema to clean out their colon before they engage in any sort of anal penetration, that way it's all cleared out and there's no mess"
] | [
"Your bumhole doesn't open up completely. Poo gets squeezed out, it doesnt fall out. If some water does splash up it doesn't go into your bumhole, it stays on the outside. I'm going to do some experiments and I'll let you know exactly what happens."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What exactly is shame? How do one experience it? | [
"Kursgesagt on youtube did an excellent video on Loneliness that explained. Shame is an evolutionary driver of social behaviour, and being social means humans are more likely to survive as we used to watch out for predators and help feed one another. Doing something that doesn't match with what society might expect... | [
"Maybe because we know so little about it and even less about how to deal with those with mental illness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how come in the dark if you look directly at something it’s hard to see, but if you use your peripheral vision it’s much easier to make out what you are looking at? | [
"Your eyes have two types of photocells, rods and cones. Rods are good at seeing in the dark, but they're not great with detail, and they can't see colors. They are located in your peripheral vision, but not in your center vision. Cones are not good at seeing in the dark, but they're good with detail and they can s... | [
"I've heard it's similar to this: Close one eye and look straight ahead. What you see out of your closed eye isn't black, it's nothing, you don't see anything at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do you get that warm spit feeling right before you throw up? | [
"It wouldn't be any warmer, BUT you body does put saliva production into overdrive when you're about to vomit to help protect the lining of your throat and mouth from the stomach acid"
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is Crohn's Disease? | [
"It's a chronic (ie it lasts a long time) inflammatory disorder of the digestive system. It's not an autoimmune disorder (the body isn't triggering its own immune system) but it may be caused by a compromised immune system. Symptoms are loose stools, fever, and tenesmus (a feeling of incomplete defecation)"
] | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
what the biological basis for a "second wind" is? | [
"2 hours and no answer! I'll give it a shot I'm sure better answers will come. One reason could be the dinner you have. I often feel energetic around 11 pm if I don't sleep before that, and then onwards I find it difficult to sleep until 2 or 3 am, and I have come to attribute it to my dinners since this doesn't h... | [
"Natural aversion to sexual contact with our family for genetic reasons, taken one step further. Post audio or it didn't happen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
- Why does your credit score affect your employment opportunities in America? | [
"For some places it's a security risk. If you have large debts and money problems then you are open to bribery."
] | [
"Pregnant women qualify for Medicaid, which is paid for by the government, if they do not have insurance. The Medicaid cuts off for the woman after the child is born, but will continue to cover the child until it's 18 years old if the mother cannot get health insurance for the family from a private insurance compan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How is the area of a country calculated given that the Earth is a sphere? | [
"The earth is spherical but that doesn't mean the land doesn't sit flush on its surface). So in that respect they can measure the area of a country or the area of the earth's surface or the area of anything on the earth because the same general geometry rules apply there."
] | [
"Pi the number is the circumference of half a circle in relation to the radius."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about mathematics:"
} |
Why is it so much easier to get sick when it's cold outside? | [
"The air is drier when it's colder. The air is especially dry indoors because furnaces remove a lot of moisture from the air. The dry air weakens the mucous barrier in your nose, throat and lungs, and exposes the respiratory system directly to viruses. Even in a dry climate in the summer, the air will typically hav... | [
"I'm no expert, but I do know it's harder for you to wake up and feel energized during the middle of REM sleep"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Health:"
} |
Why does black clothing "catch" sunrays and heat much better than all its other colored counterparts? | [
"Because it absorbs more light. Basically, the colour of an object is determined by the wavelengths of light it reflects. A blue object absorbs the red end of the spectrum and reflects the blue, a red object absorbs the blue end of the spectrum and reflects the red. White objects reflect all the spectrum, and blac... | [
"**Okay, I think this is the answer:** The spectrum of sunlight has lots of parts to it that are very high energy. These interact with the chemicals that give clothing and materials colour and break them down. The more of these individual chemicals that are broken down (as will happen over prolonged exposure) the m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
when an UP escalator is out of service and not moving, why does it feel so uncomfortable to walk up it? | [
"I've also found escalators have really big steps compared to normal stairs, so the unease is feeling unbalanced as you take larger steps than you're used to."
] | [
"Usually, this happens when the door has been held open for too long. The long alarm is the elevator's way of saying \"I'm closing and I'm not waiting for anyone to get out of the way, so get out of the way.\" The super-slow closing is to allow people to get out of the way once the elevator has asserted that it's c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What improves/changes between versions of Ethernet wires? (i.e. cat6, cat5e) | [
"These standards are based on various characteristics. Such as impedance tolerances, resistance and cross talk between pairs. The higher the category the stricter the specification. So a damaged category 6 cable might only test as a category 5e cable. The way you get these better cables is both stricter manufacturi... | [
"It's not really so much data. Video is incredibly bandwidth intensive. The current HDMI specification allows 48 gigabits of bandwidth. Most consumer Ethernet hardware is Gigabit Ethernet with occasionally 10 Gigabit. Much less than HDMI. While there exist higher speed Ethernet standards (25/50 and 40/100), they're... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the phrase "When was the last time you saw a white horse" cure hiccups? | [
"It's just a distraction, it gives your brain a chance to focus on something else and relax."
] | [
"> 25) How come when your feet are cold your tears are still warm? Did anyone see this as the most depressing question? \"Why does this child have cold feet that they are apparently weeping on?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What is Russell's paradox? and please explain like i am 5, i don't know anything. | [
"A 'set' is a collection of something. A set of odd numbers, a set of triangles, etc. Some sets include the set itself as a set. Some do not. You can have a set of all planets in the solar system. If so the set itself is not part of itself because it is not a planet in the solar system. These type of sets are calle... | [
"you should ask /r/askscience but i'm going to up vote you anyway i think ELI5 is better for topics you already have a conceptual understanding of but need a clarification. ain't it einstein who says \"If you can't explain it to a five year old, you don't understand it yourself.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do people often feel nauseous when they have a headache or a concussion? | [
"Because the neurons that control vomit are in our head, and a concussion or high intracranic pressure (which often causes headache) might have an effect on those neurons causing their activation."
] | [
"I suffer migraines, and I can tell you that the medical science community has about as good a grasp on this as you do. The biggest difference is the onset of multiple symptoms as opposed to the tension felt in the head during a headache. I will also experience aura symptoms and double vision immediately prior to t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is it that in almost every car accident video I've seen, the wipers would always magically turn on? | [
"Because the drivers hand comes off the wheel on impact and pushes the wiper stalk into the on position."
] | [
"That doesn't really happen much in real life. That's mostly for dramatic effect in movies and TV shows. In real life, cars don't really surge forward and fall back that way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
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