query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How come water stays carbonated at normal pressure for hours? | [
"Don't think of carbonation as just bubbles of CO2 in the water, it is actually CO2 dissolving into the soda. Basically, CO2 can dissolve into water just like salt dissolves into water. Water absorbs the most carbon dioxide when it is cold, so the beverage is chilled prior to being exposed with the gas. Once it com... | [
"Because water expands when it freezes. When it melt, it contracts. Either way, it displaces the same amount in the glass, so even if the ice poked up above the rim of the glass, no water would be spilled. What are they teaching in junior high physical scince classes these days?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The UK government spends 800 billion of their 3 trillion GDP. Where does the other 2 trillion go? | [
"I will just assume that these numbers are correct, I didn't check. GDP is all the value created within the economy, it's not the sum of taxes. So the economy created 3 trillion, out of which 800 billion were taken in taxes and spent by the government."
] | [
"Not a huge strain. The total cost to the country is about $182 Billion per year, a bit under 1% of our annual productivity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does a car accelerate when you push the gas pedal? | [
"You know how when you run really fast, you instinctively open your mouth wider to breath harder and suck in more air? That’s what your car does with its engine when you step on the gas pedal. It sucks in more air and fuel to make more power."
] | [
"To change the thrust, by regulating airflow. When the opening is small, there is smaller force and vice-versa. Just like stepping on a gas pedal when trying to climb up hill, but hitting the brake or cruising downhill."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does exercise cause us to not be so depressed? | [
"It releases dopamine which is the pleasure chemical in our brain. That makes us happy and feel good about the activity we just did, IE working out."
] | [
"Brain work makes me much more \"sleepy\" tired than physical work."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health:"
} |
The different kinds of BBQ across the United States. How do they differ? | [
"It's all about the meat and the sauce. There are dozens of varieties, but the four major ones are: Carolina Style: Pork, basted with either vinegar-based sauce (North) or Mustard-based sauce (South) Kansas City: Pork or beef, dry rubbed, sauce (tomato-based) served on the side Memphis: Pulled pork sandwiches and r... | [
"> cultural differences There are plenty of cultural differences between the East coast and the West coast."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
If our voices sound different in our head than out loud, how can people learn to sing notes? | [
"While the timbre/tone of of our voices may sound different to ourselves, the _pitch_ is the same. It’s the pitch of a note that must be matched in order to sing a “note”."
] | [
"Because, it does not sound like the voice that they hear when the speak. When we speak, we pick up the sound of our voice from two sources: the air and conducted through our jaw bones to our ears. But, recordings only pick up the first source. So when you hear your voice in play back, it sounds close enough to wha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Language and Communication:"
} |
How do cars and computers know what time it is even after being completly without electricity or internet? | [
"They have little tiny batteries, normally like those you’d find in a watch (so long life but low draw) that power a very low power clock. If the device has an internet connection, it can query a NTP (an internet time server) that provides the current time. Also, GPS satellites can provide the current time very pre... | [
"If there is nothing plugged in, then no it will not use any electricity. For electricity to flow, there must be a complete circuit, and to complete the circuit you must plug something in. Some devices draw current even when they are off if they are plugged in, that may be what she is thinking of."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do astronomers assume for any planet to have possible alien life it has to have the same habitable zone as planets in our own solar system? | [
"Basically, while we know that it is theoretically possible for non-water-based life to exist, we have no idea at all how that would work, and thus can't actually look for it. We don't have Star Trek-style \"scan for life signs\" devices. We don't know how to look for life that doesn't at least partially resemble t... | [
"We really don't. But we can determine the size, mass, and brightness (aka energy output) of a star. This can be done through observing amount of light from the star, the spectral lines of that light, and parallax. We can also determine the size, mass, and distance of a planet from a star. This is known by measurin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about science:"
} |
Why do authors go through book publishers to sell their content? | [
"Traditionally, it was very very difficult for an author to publish their book and get it sold in stores. The logistics involved in getting a printer, getting stores to buy that book, having that book shipped to stores, having the book advertised, were so complicated that it just made sense for authors to get throu... | [
"The company who is publishing them. It still costs money to print a book, and people are still interested in buying print versions of classic books. So even though they no longer have to pay the original creators, they can still sell them and make money."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is the 1 note currency worthless in some countries. | [
"Imagine an economy is a pizza, and the currency is slices. You can cut the same size pizza into 4 huge slices, 8 normal ones, 20 tiny ones, etc. but it’s still the same size pizza. Same thing with currency and countries’ economies. Just because it takes 100 of a currency to buy something it takes 1 in another does... | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
how do wheelchair bound individuals avoid getting blood clots. Like the ones you get for sitting down too long on long flights. | [
"Hi, I am a paraplegic (t4 complete spinal cord injury from a motorcycle accident) and the easy answer is we don't. When I was first injured they gave me blood thinners to help prevent this but about 2 months after I stopped those in exchange for a daily aspirin I developed a dvt clot in both legs. Now from my unde... | [
"Laying in a bed for 16+ hours a day will put you at risk for blood clots, along with numerous other maladies like bed sores. Big problem for patients that are confined to beds for extended periods. It's just a matter of how long you're sitting around."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The phrase, "Press F to pay respects" | [
"It's from Call Of Duty, Advanced Warfare. During a cutscene at a funeral, the player character is given a promt to pay respects to the fallen soldier. F is one of the keys used based on platform"
] | [
"\"His should look like mine\" And the cycle continues"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Circumcision in the US:"
} |
Why do men appear to have a "stitch line" or "scar line" at the base of their ballsac? | [
"From wiki: The [perineal raphe] (_URL_0_) is a visible line or ridge of tissue on the human body that extends from the [anus](_URL_6_) through the [perineum](_URL_3_). It is found in both males and females, and arises from the fusion of the urogenital folds. In males, this structure continues through the midline ... | [
"Follow up question, why do I have like three times as many hairs around my left nipple than my right one?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What happens to debt when a holder of a large amount of debt dies? | [
"Your debts become the responsibility of your estate after you die. Your estate is everything you owned at the time of your death. The process of paying your bills and distributing what’s left is called probate. The executor of your estate, the person responsible for dealing with your will and estate after your dea... | [
"Because the markers for the loans are property that someone owns. The government cannot force them to give up that property."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Budget airlines, the fares are ultra cheap year on year, it seems impossible that they are turning in a profit, how can they sustain this? | [
"They reduce the employee costs to the absolute minimum. In addition to that, the prices most of the times only look cheap on first glance. Most people will eventually figure out that they end up paying extra for many minor things, such as baggage, seat reservation, priority boarding and other things. Most of the t... | [
"The most important question when investing is : does this company have the potential to be profitable in the future. Uber might be unprofitable now, but they have an insane volume of rides, far more than a taxi company. If they earned as much from each ride as a taxi company normally does, the profits would be ast... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
The difference between "Purple" and "Violet". | [
"There are a couple of different ways we perceive colour. One is that light of a particular wavelength hits our eyes. These are the colours you see if white light goes through a prism, or the colours of a rainbow. Violet is the purple colour you see there, and it is defined as light of a certain wavelength. However... | [
"From a more general perspective, there's this great video by Tom Scott - _URL_1_ - Why Computers Suck At Translation And enjoy the similarly brilliant - _URL_0_ - Adjectival Order: Why A \"Big Red Balloon\", not a \"Red Big Balloon\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can sleeping with a concussion kill you? | [
"Short answer: it can't. However, if you start feeling sleepy after a concussion, it may be a sign of internal hemorhaging. Prolonged internal bloodloss can and will kill you. Plus, if you are asleep when first responders arrive, you won't be able to give them vital information to ensure you have the best chance of... | [
"You can't cure the sickness, but you can treat the symptoms. That's all these medicines are doing. It provides some relief."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How come many men are prone to baldness but women do not generally suffer the same fate? | [
"Testosterone drives DHT, the hair loss gene. Men have more testosterone = possibility of more dht =bald"
] | [
"It's a bit of both. You rarely find young people with it, and it gets more and more common the older you get. But every man doesn't get it so it's hypothetical ages."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Where does snot come from? | [
"Snot is mucus which is produced from, you guessed it, mucus glands. It is composed of mostly water held together by stringy, tangled protein chains. The water to form the bulk of the mucus is pulled out of the blood supply of the body so you can keep producing mucus until you dry out, which is one of the main reas... | [
"How do you know that you don't sneeze in your sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are some roads paved with asphalt and why are some roads paved with concrete? | [
"concrete is more durable, but it is also more expensive. asphalt costs less, but is less durable"
] | [
"The extreme temperature changes from winter to summer cause roads to expand and contract, causing cracks. Then, in the winter water gets into those cracks, freezes and expands which loosens the asphalt. As it continues to break away, potholes form. Often when they are patched, there are seams between the original ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does the cold (Icepacks,etc) stop pain momentarily? | [
"Sends a new signal through the same synapses, brain can't process both at once initially, then once the area becomes accustomed to the cold, the pain resumes. Icepacks are mainly used to prevent swelling though, the distraction is just a nice bonus"
] | [
"It opens your blood vessels up, letting more of the warmer blood in the center of your body to your extremities. (Arms hands legs feet etc.) This actually causes your core body temperature to drop though. That's bad. So be careful drinking in cold weather :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the relationship between the distance has rolled down a slope and its speed or acceleration? | [
"There is no relationship between distance rolled and acceleration. Assuming no air resistance, acceleration is only a function of the angle of the slope and the friction of the slope. Velocity can be calculated in one of two ways: \\-An energy analysis in which you calculate how much potential energy has been con... | [
"I believe the velocity of the cop car is simply subtracted from the result."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Different color wires on electric motor. | [
"There are three windings in the motor. Each is driven by alternating current, but offset in time, that offset is the difference in phase. To run this type of motor from a battery you need a motor controller to chop the DC from the battery up into those three AC sources. Basically, you have a magnet and a coil, if ... | [
"Anything using a transformer. An extension cord wont."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How do betting odds work? | [
"1) teams that are favored have the negative odds 2) Essentially, any negative number is how much you would need to pay out to win $100 if this team wins. So -900 means you would need to pay out $900 on this team to win $100. in this case this team must be the favorite, as you have to lay out *so much* in order to ... | [
"Comparative purposes. Fractional betting odds (as opposed to decimals or moneyline) commonly use a single denominator which isn't the lowest, but is consistent across a table. Say there's 4 horses in a race, you might see a spread of odds like this : 4/6, 4/2, 4/12, 4/3 Sure, you could write it as: 2/3, 2/1, 1/3, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The Doppler redshift and the expanding universe... What is the universe expanding into? | [
"It isn't expanding into anything. Imagine an infinite loaf of raisin bread rising as it bakes. Each raisin in the loaf will be further away from every other raisin, since the loaf is expanding and the distance between all of the raisins is growing."
] | [
"The way we know it's expanding, we've looked in the sky, seen bits of the universe getting away from each other (Because of the expansion of the univers) . we calculated the speed and the accelerations at which those bits are getting away. Now if you assume the expansion is a result of the big bang you can make an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Astronomy:"
} |
why is it that a Reese's peanut butter cup, mini, and egg all taste completely different? | [
"They all have different ratios of chocolate and peanut butter. I'm sure there's also an age factor in there as well, but mostly it's due to the pb:c"
] | [
"I think because the peanut butter filling is more vulnerable to melting and crushing than the Thin Mint cookie is. But I like where your head is at. Your reward: try freezing a thin mint, biting off the north and south poles and drinking milk through it = Chocolate mint milk + Soft mushy cookie in chocolate shell.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do electric ovens preheat so slowly, and yet electric kettles heat so quickly? | [
"Water conducts heat much more efficiently than air. An electric kettle's heating element directly heats the water (well, close enough - there's usually a very thin electrical, but not thermal, insulator between the heating element and the water filled chamber), allowing a rapid heat transfer. An oven however, is h... | [
"It's easier to control the heat. If I go from high heat to low heat on a gas range, the change happens instantly. If I go from high heat to low heat on an electric range, I have to wait at least a few seconds for the heat to actually change enough to slow down the cooking process. The reverse is also true -- hot t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- Why do your joints hurt after a strong sneeze? | [
"Is that normal? I'm not sure that's normal."
] | [
"How do you know that you don't sneeze in your sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
how does the State prosecute a case like Cardinal Pell’s? | [
"In most(if not all) states, certain crimes like sexual assault have no statute of limitations. So, even though it happened 20 years ago, evidence is presented as though it happened yesterday. & #x200B; Oh, and despite the tagline of blind justice and innocent until proven guilty, the alleged victim's word in any ... | [
"The decision was appealed, and the Supreme Court of Appeal overturned his prior conviction and found him guilty of murder. This was in South Africa, so I don't know their laws as well as American one's."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When a car does a burn out, why does it leave distinct tread marks on the road, instead of straight rubber marks since the wheels are "slipping"? | [
"If you look really closely at tire tracks, they don't leave distinct tire marks at first. There's a (relatively) small contact patch where all detail is obscured as the rubber heats up and burns. Then, as the tire gains traction and the car starts to move, the heated tread elements start to come in contact with th... | [
"Do you mean what causes it? Oversteer is usually found in rear-wheel-drive cars like trucks and sports cars. It happens when the drive wheels cause the back end to lose traction and swing wide. Understeer is usually found on front-wheel-drive cara an happens when the drive wheels are also responsible for steering,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How can the temperature be well below freezing for days, and there are still some liquid puddles? | [
"Because the ground takes a long time to get below freezing; also it takes a long time to freeze large amounts of water just like it takes a long time to freeze something in the freezer.. Secondly, contaminants in the water like salt lower the freezing point of water."
] | [
"They swim, happily, under the ice. A lake doesn't typically freeze all the way to the bottom. As I'm sure you've observed in a glass of water, ice floats. So effectively the lake is freezing from the top down. When a layer of ice forms on a lake it is also insulating the water below. So even in the coldest winters... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are so many humans afraid of spiders? | [
"Based on the most recent research, it may not be entirely learned behavior. Experiments with very young children indicate that there’s a hardwired component to the way humans react to things like spiders and snakes. We may be instinctively predisposed to learn/associate fear for these sort of species. [Is Fear of ... | [
"Are you saying we should be more racist towards cats?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does meat change color as you cook it? | [
"Color change due to cooking is caused by a chemical reaction known as the maillard reaction, which happens due to the presence of amino acids and sugars which react under heat. Oxidation of the iron content due to ageing red meat will change the color as is shifts forms (from ferrous to ferric). In basic terms the... | [
"because you're going to eat it. Cooked meat can be dangerous if you leave it in the fridge for a few weeks. Just like raw meat. The difference is that if you put raw meat in the freezer, you can save it for a few months. Cooked meat can be left in the fridge for a couple days, but still is subject to rotting. Bein... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is the purpose of bitmasking in systems programming? | [
"If you have 64-bit computers, then you can store 64 Yes/No answers in a single number. Bitmasks allow the program to test for \"interesting\" conditions with a single operation. This makes the programs more efficient, at some cost in readability."
] | [
"Your question doesn't quite make sense. Are you referring to something specific? What makes you think that a computer is built for a specific programming language?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does snot continue to form during a cold or sinus infection? | [
"It serves a purpose. The extra mucous isn't there to irritate you, it's to flush out foreign particles, protect your tissues (as in sinuses, not as in Kleenex). Mucous is your first line of defense against airborne pathogens. They get stuck in it and have a harder time infecting anything else. They keep producing ... | [
"If you have an active infection, steroids are definitely contraindicated. They are sometimes used to help with some of the lingering symptoms after a cold/upper respiratory infection (inflammation, stuffy sinuses, etc.), but only after the initial infection is clear."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does hacking in real life work? How exaggerated are hackings in movies compared to real life? | [
"Hacking in real life is starting a script to run a bunch of attacks, and then reading the paper waiting for the computer to \"Bing\". Then it's snooping around in the machine you've hacked, to see if there is anything you can sell there. Usually not, so it's on the the next computer, and the sports page. It's tota... | [
"Whitehat = a \"good\" hacker, who searches for bugs and vulnerabilities, and when he finds one, contacts the developer and sends information about what he found, so it can be patched. Blackhat = a \"bad\" hacker, one who also searches for bugs and vulnerabilities, but uses those he finds for his own personal gains... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What makes certain people on the autism spectrum excell in math or have great memory? Also, if we're able to find the cause of that in our brain could we implement/activate it in others? | [
"I have Asperger's autism, which is classified as high functioning or 'almost normal'. I am generally smarter than average in things that interest me but very socially awkward, I can't gauge tone of voice and have a very hard time with things like sarcasm. The brain is an extremely complex organ. So far we don't k... | [
"We don't know. However, the brain is just more cells and these cells communicate with each other in similar ways that other cells communicate. Though their function is different the basic components are all similar. Then the brain gets into certain states, eg stress, it can have a similar effect on other cells in ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are the US Marines so intense compared to the other four branches? | [
"Marines are the first troops in the US military deployed to any serious war zone. The Corp is designed to go from sleeping to shooting in as little as 72 hours, and they want the most aggressive service members in the group. All that intensity you experience is intentional, and helps the branch fulfill their missi... | [
"Delta Force is a special mission unit of the US Army. SEAL Team Six is a component of the Joint Special Operations Command which is from the US Navy. They exist separately because they belong to different branches of the armed forces of the US. Why exactly the people who carry guns on the ground are different from... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do 2 factor authentication apps or RSA tokens work? | [
"They have a clock, and a secret encryption key inside. They encrypt the time, using the key. You type the answer in, and the computer at the other end (which also has the key {remember that QR code you scanned}) does the same thing. If the answers are right, you're approved."
] | [
"The key from one of those dongles or \"authenticator\" programs is generated by an algorithm, not downloaded, so it doesn't need Internet access."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What is a 403b account, and what are the pros and cons of contributing 200/month to one? | [
"A 403b is the non-profit (such as education) equivalent of a 401k. What is your employer match? At the very least I would contribute enough to get the full employer match, otherwise you are leaving free money on the table. A 403b can contribute up to $19,000. I don't think you are contributing enough. At $200/mon... | [
"1) 401k vs IRA - two different types of accounts you can put retirement money in. 401k limited to $17500 per year from you, and your employer can match some, all, or more. IRA limited to $5500 per year. More if you're old. 2) Roth vs Traditional - exist for both the 401k and the IRA. Roth means you pay taxes now, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Is there any battery usage difference between lowering the headphones volume from phone software and lowering it from the rheostat style volume adjustment wheel which is on the headphones? | [
"The volume of your phone uses such a minuscule amount of battery power that it is almost impossible to answer this. In theory, yes, reducing the volume on the phone going out to the headphones would reduce battery drain. You would never notice it though."
] | [
"For charging a battery you just need two connections. The headphone jack always has at least two (sometimes more for microphones) It is not common to charge via headphone jacks but nothing restricts you to do so. Apple has built a charger to transfer the electrical energy from 5 Volt DC to whatever the shuffle nee... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are humans drawn to shiny and sparkly objects? | [
"According to a study, the R complex part of our brain still associates shiny with water, which we all need to live It’s sort of an evolutionary throwback to the animal part of the human brain At least according to the study"
] | [
"The smarter animals ignore it because they know it is just a picture. The dumb ones are fooled by the illusion."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Defence in NBA basketball. How does it work? | [
"A block on defense has to touch only the ball. If it contacts the shooter’s body, it’s a foul and he gets to shoot free throws."
] | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
what happened in world War 2, and why did it happen? | [
"1. War happened. You'll learn more when you reach middle school and take your history lessons. 2. Because we treated the Germans really badly after WW1 they elected a Adolf Hitler, a known power tripper, as their leader who eventually attacked Poland starting the European front, and because the Japanese were als... | [
"Origins World War Two V for victory meaning the end of the war and hopefully a new lasting peace to follow."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why have so many cultures, some that never interacted or shared history, valued gold to such a degree? | [
"There was a [checklist for why gold became commonly used for money](_URL_0_) across history. * Cannot be a gas * Cannot be too corrosive or reactive * Cannot be radioactive * Needs to be rare -- but not so rare that it's impossible to find. They list five finalists: rhodium, palladium, platinum, silver and gold. S... | [
"The Jewish people have had a culture which stresses education and intellectualism for centuries. This is mostly because of their depressingly long history of persecution and minority status. In order to keep their heads above the water and succeed in societies which looked down on and oppressed them they adopted a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I heard some species can technically live forever through a process called biological immortality (such as jelly fish or lobster). How does this work exactly? | [
"Some animals that are immortal have enzymes that will strengthen their telomeres, meaning their cells don't deteriorate after dividing. Lobsters are like this, but they eventually grow big enough to be strangled by their own shells."
] | [
"They manage to live so long because the important parts of their bodies do not become weak with age, as in the case of humans and birds. In fact, they continue to grow very, very slowly for as long as they live. Their body does not need much energy to survive. Slow metabolisms AND a slow, sedentary lifestyle means... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What explains the phenomena us being able to play songs flawlessly in our minds but fumble when we're trying to sing it out? | [
"Imagine if someone told you \"Hey dude, here is a sound, and sheet of paper, please write down all the muscles that have to contract, and by how much they have to contract, in intervalls of 0.05 seconds in order to make that sound\" . \"Oh and then act out these instructions\". I would not call failure to do so in... | [
"Because they're muscle memory that you inherently learn through trial and error. They're easy once you learn because your body remembers exactly what it needs to do in order to do the thing. However, all the things that are required in order to do something like whistle or even roll your \"R\"s are difficult to d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Education:"
} |
why a file name cant be \ / : * ? " < > | | [
"Because those are all special characters used by othe purposes by the operating system. /\\ are directory separators : is used for the drive letter/device name in Windows * and ? are wildcards < and > are used for redirection symbols “ is used to allow spaces in filenames."
] | [
"\" and \" is 5 characters \" & \" is 3 characters \", \" is 2 characters It's all about space on headlines."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Language and Writing:"
} |
What makes carbonated water taste different to normal water, even after it goes flat? | [
"The carbonation reacts with the water to create carbonic acid, so your flat water is actually a bit acidic, making it taste bitter."
] | [
"There is only one type of water: H2O. Those things just have other stuff in them. Seltzer is just carbonated water; i.e. it's had pressurized carbon dioxide gas dissolved into it to make it fizzy. Tonic water has the chemical quinine in it, which is an anti-malarial drug. The stuff you buy at the supermarket just ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
- why does it seem like you’re going really slow in an airplane when you’re in the air even though you actually are going really fast? | [
"Usually the best explanation for something of this has to do with a visual point of reference. For example when you are driving along in your car, you can basically tell how fast/slow you are moving because you have visual references such as signs, scenery, and other vehicles but in an airplane, the only real refe... | [
"They are continuously moving, but with nothing nearby as a reference point and at a great distance, it is hard to tell. It's like how a plane in the sky looks like It's going real slow, when it's actually going like 600 mph."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
; How does pain relief cream work? | [
"Ibuprofen is a small molecule, so it can diffuse through the skin and work directly in the local area. It is a painkiller as well as an anti-inflammatory like all NSAIDs."
] | [
"R: obviously good to stay off an injury I: reduces swelling around the injured area, and relieves pain C: also reduces swelling E: helps with resting the injury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How are growing tree roots strong enough to break concrete but somehow grow around thing like chains and tires? | [
"The roots grow small and then grow thicker over time, pushing outwards. The don't grow through the concrete at full force. So if they can avoid something they will. And if they grow around the chain they have several directions to grow in, so there's no pressure to break that chain. In the ground they'll start pus... | [
"In some cases there are tree roots, or even saplings, or other plants that are under the pavement and gradually push it upwards as they grow. For the one in the dirt, in many cases piles such as those are left behind by gophers/ground squirrels or other burrowing animals that push the dirt out to make their tunnel... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do rockets heat up when they pass through earth's atmosphere? | [
"There are two ways of explaining this: 1) Its a principle in physics that, when you compress air very quickly, it will heat up. Thats how, for example, Diesel engines work: A mixture of air and fuel is compressed in a cylinder, which heats it up the the point where the fuel ignites all by itself, without the need ... | [
"The further you go up in the atmosphere the less dense the atmosphere becomes, planes can only fly because they move fast enough for air pressure to keep them aloft, if you're to high in the sky your engines will stall and quite possible overheat from lack of air. It takes a lot of energy to escape earth's gravity... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Aerospace Engineering:"
} |
Why does the windshield frost before the rest of the car? | [
"The windshield is more horizontal than the other glass surfaces. The water settling out of the air makes a thicker layer (= easier for you to see) on the windshield than on the more vertical side windows. Painted metal, like the hood and the roof, are more thermally conductive. They do more to warm the air right n... | [
"In the fall and winter it is advisable to have your A/C on with the heat to dry out the air in the car a prevent fogging the widows and wind shield. In fact when you turn on your defogger/defroster, your A/C automatically turns on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What happens to the bacteria on your skin when you get badly sunburned? | [
"Some of it dies, and some of it gets into you through the skin cracks. It's not going anywhere, but your body has mechanisms to handle that since there are more bacteria cells than human cells in your body."
] | [
"Because the very thing that protects from bacteria and germs getting into your body has been severely damaged - your skin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When women have their period, do they suffer effects from blood loss? | [
"As a general rule, no. Most women won't lose more than about 35ml of blood during their menstruation, which isn't really enough to affect their physiology in a significant way - when you donate blood, you typically give 470ml, which is over 10x the amount with no real negative effects."
] | [
"Usually it's due to a higher amount of blood running through the body, or, in general, a lower body fat percentage."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health and anatomy:"
} |
How come there's the same one name in many different languages (only spelled differently) | [
"When you’ve learnt and spoken a language for so long your brain is trained to hear things in a specific tone or phonetic type of way. When people would hear a name they of course wrote it how they heard it and the names were passed down giving us the names we have today. Language is really interesting. The codifi... | [
"What language would you write the name in? If you can only read English, the flags of several Asian nations would look very similiar. Same for other similiar languages."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Language and Translation:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Language and Translation:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a song get “stuck” in your head? | [
"Sometimes your brain wants to play Baby Shark over and over and that’s called an “ear worm!” Your brain views the music/lyrics as a puzzle that it wants to finish. If you get caught in an ear worm, a simple cure is to listen to the song or do something that takes your mind onto a new chore (like puzzles, lego buil... | [
"That's funny. I almost never like a song the first time I hear it. It takes two or more repetitions before I start to enjoy a new piece of music."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Science:"
} |
How are our Phones so resistant to bugs, viruses, and crashing, when compared to a Computer? | [
"Extremely controlled environment. The Google/Apple/Amazon store only allows apps that are guaranteed* to work on the hardware their customers have. Those that have incompatible hardware cannot download the apps through the store. With great effort, you still can install the program manually and your phone will s... | [
"They do, its just that there are a lot more Windows PCs out there. The entire purpose of a Virus on a computer is to cause as much trouble as you can before anti-virus updates and eliminates it. Ergo, if you want to cause as much trouble as you can, you write it for windows, not OSX or Linux. There are plenty of e... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Are there different types of infinity? | [
"What you are getting at here is the difference between countable and uncountable infinity. The set of all integers is said to be countably infinite. This is because, in ELI5 terms, I can choose any integer and eventually count to it (if I count like this- 0, 1,-1,2,-2 I will eventually reach any integer). For the ... | [
"Because children also have access to the internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What exactly causes peanut allergy? | [
"Every allergy is just the immune system failing to recognize a foreign body as harmless, or at least thinking that a foreign substance is harmful when it actually isn’t . That‘s why there‘s an inflammatory response if you eat something you’re allergic to; it‘s the same as when your immune system fights bacteria an... | [
"Because peanut allergies are different from nut allergies. I'm allergic to peanuts but not nuts."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do life insurance companies stay in business? | [
"Term Life Insurance is only valid for a particular time frame. Say I'm a healthy 30-year-old man. Chances are I can get a fairly inexpensive ten-year policy, since there's not a huge chance I'm going to die between 30 and 40. When I turn 40, that term life insurance policy expires. All of the money paid in during ... | [
"Banks are a business like any other, and want to make money. Why give all your profits to consumers?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do most people with migraines experience pain on the same side of the head every time? | [
"To quote u/lucyinthesky95 from 3 years ago: > the physical reason behind migraines (or at least migraine headaches) is that a blood vessel (usually somewhere in your head) enlarges and the nerves around it send off all sorts of painful little chemicals, which is why they often feel more or less localized to an ar... | [
"A migraine is a very specific type of headache, often identified by the symptoms \"POUND\"; P: Pulsating O: onset of several hours U : unilateral N: nausea D: debilitating Many people get extremely sensitive to lights and sounds and need to stay in dark rooms until the migraine goes away. Some people get changes i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens in the 7 minutes after your heart stops that causes brain damage? | [
"When the heart stops, it stops pumping blood. Without a fresh flow of blood to carry oxygen to the brain, the cells begin to \"suffocate\" and die. This is what the chest-pumping part of CPR is for: to manually compress the heart and simulate a heartbeat to keep blood flowing."
] | [
"A) Cardiac arrest can hurt, but it does not always hurt. Sometimes your heart simply stops. There is an entire phenomena called a silent heart attack were you have no pain and few symptoms. B) Nope. Not waking them up is part of what defines \"peacefully passing in your sleep\". Even if it were something that wou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do smartphones seem immune to storage failures, whereas PCs frequently suffer from hard drive crashes? | [
"solid state memory with a constant power source is pretty reliable, hard drives have a lot of moving parts that can wear out and fail. PCs tend to age 4 or 5 years before they are replaces, some much longer. Phones are typically replaced every year or two. So their systems are newer and less prone to failure."
] | [
"The computer will crash as soon as the disk is accessed for anything critical, which in most circumstances will be more or less immediately. The computer motherboard will likely try to restart, fail to find a bootable device, and then power off. The disk itself will likely have problems dealing with the abrupt los... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How did red become the “stop/danger/denied” color and green the “go/approved” color? | [
"In support of what everyone else has said (that red attracts people's attention), it's interesting to note that many languages don't have separate words for a lot of colors, but [they always have one for red](_URL_0_) (if they have any colors at all, and don't just say \"light\" and \"dark\", that is)."
] | [
"Do you mean the flashing lights? The siren is the noise maker. Red has long been the color signifying \"emergency\" or \"danger.\" Blue is high visibility and not used for anything else, and is believed to carry a psychological implication of \"authority.\" Off-white is the natural color of bright light bulbs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When describing the event of having a stroke, what constitutes it being a major or minor stroke and what does that mean for the person experiencing it? | [
"You can think of the blood supply of the brain as a tree. The trunk gives rise to large branches, which give rise to smaller branches, which give rise to even smaller branches. They eventually give rise to leaves, which can represent the many things a brain can do A stroke is the equivalent of one of the branches ... | [
"They understand the symptoms in much greater detail that can be described in such a list, and can make a much better judgement of whether or not it's likely you have cancer than a layman can. However, an MRI or other method will be necessary to confirm."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does a smartphone determine its GPS position instantly, whilst a purpose-built car GPS takes minutes to acquire satellites? | [
"Because (for most users) your phone is recieving and processing GPS signals 24/7. You car, however, needs to connect to the GPS sattelites each time you turn it on."
] | [
"Your GPS still works when airplane mode is on, because GPS functions by *receiving* signals, not by sending them. Essentially, the phone listens for timing signals sent out by multiple satellites at known locations, and uses that information to triangulate its own position. So as long as you have the map data cach... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it okay for us to eat raw eggs but not raw chicken? | [
"It is not okay to eat raw eggs in every part of the world. Some places have the same salmonella problems with eggs as they do with chicken. It is not universally safe to eat raw eggs in the US."
] | [
"For the same reasons why some parts of the world eat cows and pigs and think nothing of it, while others eat cats and dogs and think nothing of it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about nutrition:",
"pos": "Represent the post about nutrition:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do laser sights work? it's either below or above the barrel, so if they're parallel then the trayectory of the laser and the bullet wont intersect, and if it's at an angle then they will but only at a certain distance right? so how does that work? | [
"Laser sights are only useful at close distances because of both the offset (AKA: parallax) and because it's just really tough to see the actual dot at distance. As for the parallax, which you correctly point out, it is usually zeroed to the point of impact at 10-20 yards or so and the bullet impact will simply not... | [
"Iron sights form a straight line, while the trajectory of the bullet is an arch (as the bullet falls down during flight). Usually the sights are calibrated in a way so the bullet path intersects twice with the line of sight of the iron sights. The distances where they cross (where you can get an exaxt hit) depend ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the logic or science behind doppelgängers, if any? | [
"Without context, a doppeganger is someone that looks like you. There's not much science or logic to it beyond that. How much someone looks or acts like you to count as \"your doppelganger\" varies by case and context, but there's not much to it beyond that."
] | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about finance:"
} |
Why do bugs always die belly up? | [
"The do not die belly up the turn belly up after the die. There legs work differently the ours. The skeleton is on the outside and not in the middle like we have . The result is that when they die the legs contract to a point below the belly and are stiff. So if they die belly down the tip over when the legs contac... | [
"Your face is swollen when you wake up from sleeping? You might want to stop sleeping hanging upside down, mate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why supernova jets are emitted exactly from poles? | [
"There are two parts to this question, so I'll start with one and build the other on it. First, supernova jets are emitted from the poles because the star is spinning. The stuff near the equator is being pushed around by various forces, whereas the stuff near the poles stays mostly still. This allows some smaller f... | [
"Its tilted relative to the orbital plane. Most planets rotate somewhat perpendicular to their plane on orbit around the sun. Uranus on the other hand is weird and its poles basically face the sun."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does YouTube have the space to hold thousands and thousands of videos? Even then having some of those videos in 4k which would take up a ton if space on a traditional harddrive. | [
"They use a ton of HDDs :D Basically they are held on a server farm. Which can hold petabytes of information. Though Youtube now has 100s of petabytes worth of info.. and youtube infrastructure is complicated! As youtube uses a pretty complicated distribution method for its data. when a standard person uploads a vi... | [
"This is a good question, considering Youtube is a subsidiary of Google and all. I can't believe it has anything to do with server speeds, Google probably has the fastest servers in the whole world. I don't upload to Youtube often, but I have noticed uploading to GDrive can take quite a while for larger files."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How was Germany able to recover after such mass inflation of their money after losing both World Wars? | [
"The United States rebuilt much of Europe after WW2. German industry was devastated but with help they were roaring along within 10 years. The cold war and rearmament boosted their economy and their excellent engineering helped rebuild their infrastructure."
] | [
"Germany *did* have a lot of unrest after the first world war. That's what led to the second world war in the first place. When the second world war ended, steps were taken to try and prevent the same situation from occurring. That was half the reason for the Marshall plan. By giving aid to the affected regions, t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about history:",
"pos": "Represent the text about history:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do GPS store map data, calculate shortest paths, and overall deal with geospacial data ? | [
"Search online for A* (\"A Star\") algorithm. That's the one on which GPS are based on, with some differences. It's a shortest path calculation algorithm. If you think about it, a road map *is a graph*, with roads being arches and crossings being nodes. If you consider also other information such as speed limits an... | [
"It collects data from a variety of sources. The best one is the recently acquired app \"waze\". It's using individual cellphones to measure speed, location, congestion etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If phones can shoot horizontal video in horizontal mode, and vertical videos in vertical mode, why can't they shoot horizontal footage when being held vertically? | [
"The physical sensor that detect the light is a rectangle. So you use all of it in both cases. A larger sensor would be needed to shoot both in both direction and would add the ability so shoot a larger square video. & #x200B; This is how a Iphone X camera look when you take it apart in multiple steps and the rect... | [
"First off, you should never, ever, ever, record video in portrait. The only exception is with Intsagram and Vine, where they are 1:1, so it doesn't matter. It's not filmed in \"full screen\" you filmed it sideways and the video player automatically rotates it for easy viewing, making it 9x16. YouTube cannot detec... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How seeing blood can make people faint | [
"It’s a physical reaction to a stressful event called vasovagal syncope. Sudden stress causes a drop in your heart rate and blood pressure, causing you to pass out. The best workaround is to have the patient lay completely flat to prevent them from getting hurt if they pass out. This also makes the blood pressure d... | [
"It doesn't necessarily feel like anything, which is why people can be unaware that they have cancer and screening can be important."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Background radiation and how it relates to the great expansion. | [
"Light moves through vacuum at a speed of 299,792,458 m/s or \"c\". Because of this travel time the greater distance away things are the longer it takes for their light to reach us, meaning we can in essence look backwards in time by looking farther away into space. Early in the lifespan of our universe the entire ... | [
"This is simply because of the natural variations in the density or types of particles in the air."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do nudists sit down? Do they cover everything with plastic? | [
"They usually carry a hand towel. Whenever they have to sit down, they sit upon it the towel. Source: Saw a documentary about nudists."
] | [
"It seems to come as a surprise to my dog, every time he farts the noise spooks him. Also do you go sit on the toilet or go outside every time you fart?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In what way is a salary better than a wage? | [
"It's not directly better in anyway. Flexibility is the key. You have to give an hour when needed but you can also leave a bit early when it's appropriate. I'm a year into my first salary job and see no difference in the pay format. If the overtime rate is super helpful than I guess that would be a plus. Not having... | [
"The take their income from stocks, dividends, investments and bonuses, rather than from a fixed salary."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is certain hardware faster when electricity travels at the same speed? | [
"It’s not about the speed of electricity, it’s about the speed of decisions. Since computers all operate in binary, they make decisions by either saying yes (1) or no (0). These decisions are made by transistors (back in the old days it was vacuum tubes). Let’s for the sake of sanity say that one transistor makes ... | [
"It travels at the speed of light because the data is sent along the electromagnetic spectrum. When data travels through a copper wire, it moves at 2/3 the speed of light, if you were curious."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does music sound so much louder in your head when using one earphone compared to two even if they're both at the same volume? | [
"I don't think everyone experiences it this way (I'm pretty sure I don't) but it could just be because having a loud close noise from that coming at you from only one ear is way more noticeable and obtrusive, and you have your other ear for comparison to how quiet it should be. When it's in both ears you're more a... | [
"First, if you haven't heard beyerdynamic headphones before and know which of them your ears like, you should get neither of them. No specification online can tell you how something sounds: try them out in store. Second, which of those you should get if you love both depends on what you're using to listen to music ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is HD referred to as 1080P, which is it's vertical resolution (1920x1080), while UHD is referred to as 4K, which is its horizontal resolution (3840 x 2160)? | [
"It's just different naming conventions. \"4k\" sounds more marketable than \"2160p\". \"2k\" was actually the short-lived marketing name for 2160x1440 resolution. It's even more confusing because originally \"4k\" was specifically used to refer to 4096x2160 resolution, but over time TV manufacturers simply starte... | [
"720p is 1280x720, which is 921,600 pixels. 1080p is 1920x1080, which is 2,073,600 pixels, or almost exactly 2 megapixels."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do body parts “fall asleep”, and more importantly; what causes that tingling sensation that comes shortly after? | [
"Nerves send signals to the brain which gets interpreted into what you feel. It's a constant stream of communication. When you're sitting awkwardly blood flow to the nerve can become kinked preventing proper oxygenation of the nerve cells. Without fuel they stop functioning properly and \"go to sleep\". When blood ... | [
"When you are sleeping, your body enters a state called sleep paralysis. It's pretty much just like it sounds; it help prevent you from hurting yourself while in a dream (thrashing about, running, punching, etc). When it's time to wake up, your body ends the sleep paralysis by sending extra blood all throughout you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Biology/Physiology:"
} |
People cover the cameras on their laptops but don't cover the front or back cameras on their phones, even though both the devices will be connected to the same network. Any particular reason why people do it? | [
"If you arent using your phone it's generally in a pocket/handbag/backpack etc. If you are using it you are aware of where it is and your surroundings. Computer cameras are stationary. And can be pointed right at intimate moments you dont want to be filmed. That's why they are covered but phones generally arent."
] | [
"You should consider that the effort needed to cover your webcam is nearly zero, and that the potential risks are hard to quantify. For example; If you do not live alone, the rest of your household can be spied on as well. Perhaps your wife changes clothes in your bedroom? Perhaps your nine year old watches youtube... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do chess experts know what a "computer move" is? | [
"A computer move is a move that doesn't really have an exact \"human\" logic behind it, but it's a very powerful move tactically speaking. For example, ignoring what seems like a dire situation (but is often constructed by the player in the situation) to setup something big for later."
] | [
"> There is even a ranking or top 10 opening plays Yes, but that's only the openings. Because the game always starts from a set position, the opening moves are all very well known and studied. But the further into the game you get, the more possible board positions there are. By the time you're a few dozen moves in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Does reading actually make you smarter? | [
"Not only smarter, it actually puts you in a good habit to read and interpret information. If you neglect reading now, it won't affect you much at a young age, but it'll bite you back when you get older and go to college/uni and higher levels"
] | [
"1. It makes you feel less pain. 2. It makes you feel stronger. 3. It actually doesn’t mean you’re stupid or ignorant. 4. It serves as a great coping mechanism. 5. It helps you feel much more resilient. 6. It makes you feel so much f*cking better. 7. Apparently, it’s more engaging while watching television and movi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do our phones not need fans than turn on all the time like on a computer? They seem to be doing pretty intensive stuff. | [
"The ARM processors inside phones are designed to be energy efficient and produce much less heat. This makes them better suited to mobile devices. The heat of an ARM chip can be easily dissipated by the casing of the phone. The trade-off is that they are much less powerful and don't have all the bells and whistles ... | [
"it's cooling the \"microwave emitting plate thingys\" they eat a lot of power and subsequently generate a lot of heat like a computer motherboard."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why does stretching feel so satisfying? | [
"The basic concepts behind why stretching/movement feels so good can be multifold, depending on how you want to focus in on the body. Locally, movement increases blood flow and fluid exchange to our muscles and joints, allowing for replenishment of nutrients and the washing away of waste materials. These fluid exc... | [
"why do we yawn when we read about yawning?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How passenger pigeons were trained to carry messages in WW1 when headquarter positions on the battlefield changed all the time | [
"The pigeons only go home so they made them a [mobile home](_URL_0_) which would be stationed in the rear by the main HQ and artillery. Pigeons would be taken from here and brought to the front in a much smaller cage that wasn't a valid home. They'd then fly back to where their mobile roost was last parked. On the ... | [
"It doesn't really work that way. Homing pigeons can carry messages, but only in one direction - home (hence the name.) If you live in London and want to send a message by pigeon to Cambridge, you have to use a pigeon from Cambridge. That pigeon will only fly to Cambridge and no where else. If you want want to send... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come when people or animals lose their eyesight or die, their eyes turn that milky grey color? | [
"The cornea works really hard at keeping water out and stopping it from swelling. The cells on the inside of the cornea, the endothelial cells, do that. They pump water that seeps into the cornea out of the cornea, and into the eyeball. When we die, the pumps shut down and the water swells up the cornea creating th... | [
"It's not just their face. It progresses to the rest of their head, and their legs and stomachs get grey, too. Occasionally there's a bit of grey in other areas, too. I figure if they lived long enough it might progress further."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why not use a 600lb goalie in hockey? | [
"The problem with this is that the goalies don't get to wear any larger pads if they are fat. Look at the pads the goalies already are wearing on their legs, it isn't likely you are going to get anyone who is able to take up any more space without recruiting an elephant. And if you did they would still need to bloc... | [
"They should be pretty straight forward for a 5 year old."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Social issues:"
} |
In baths/showers, why does the little knob you press down release water when you’re done, where is that water from? | [
"When you turn the water on and push the button, the water pressure holds a stop so the water can’t come out like it was a bath. Since the water can’t go out there, it instead fills the pipe going up to the shower head and comes out. When you turn the water off, the water pressure is gone and the stop opens again. ... | [
"Well, your logic is slightly flawed, a shower has to be running for it to be of use, and some showerheads come with a quick stop lever to \"pause\" the flow while you do things like wash your hair. But having the tap running while you brush your teeth has no purpose, the water is just being wasted."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is doing a standing back flip much easier than a front flip? | [
"The rotation for a back flip comes from drawing your knees rapidly up to your chest, while the rotation for a front flip comes from throwing your shoulders into your hips. The back flip extends the height of your jump while the front flip fights it"
] | [
"Mainly aesthetic reasons I believe. Gymnasts never run more than a few paces into tumble sequences, and the power mainly comes from the lower body so I doubt running with bent arms would make any difference. The sequences nearly always start with a roundoff or handspring - both of which require a straight arm swin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do Vans sneakers almost always land face up? | [
"Simply: they have a low center of gravity. Remember the wobbly toys from childhood? They weeble, they wobble, but they don't fall down. Vans are like those. The bottom of the shoe weighs the most, so it is pulled toward earth the strongest. Often, it is pulled strongly enough that it can lift the rest of the shoe ... | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does an electronic device know the percentage of the battery? | [
"The voltage is not constant as the charge drops. The voltage steadily drops as the charge does, until it becomes insufficient to power the device. The device will typically have a voltmeter to determine how much the charge has fallen and how much it has left before it stops working."
] | [
"That's not always true. The rate of charge or discharge is based on the load placed on the battery."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that when you sleep, having a leg out from under the covers helps to regulate your body temperature better than having your entire top half uncovered? | [
"Capillary action, and your legs have this giant artery called the Femoral Artery. As the blood moves through the leg and foot (that is uncovered) it is cooled by the outside air easier, and returned to the body a bit cooler. With the capillaries spread over the feet, and skin it gets more surface area to cooler ai... | [
"Answer - You are just used to falling asleep every night with a blanket and your brain thinks that it is necessary to fall asleep with one. Also, having a change in this pattern causes your brain to think something is amiss and that you need to get things back to the way they were. Imagine eating cereal out of a b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why don’t carnivorous animals have horns? At least none from my memory. It seems like it’d be a great help against other predators, and also against prey? | [
"Never bring a horns to a bite fight, know what I mean?"
] | [
"Two reasons. First reason is that animals will tend to avoid conflict at all cost. Attacking anything carries a certain level of risk, and that risk can end up killing the animal. Breaking a bone for example, is pretty much a death sentence. Especially if you are a predator and require a significant caloric intake... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do laptops turn on instantly when a charger that gets plugged in. But phones take like 2-3 minutes | [
"Most phones are powered through the battery, even if it's plugged in, so if the battery is completely dead it need some charge before the phone will stay on. Laptops are usually powered straight from the cord and charge the battery on the side. Most laptops you can remove the battery and still function. Most phone... | [
"Not really, most modern phones have a feature where they deactivate charging until they drop to like 97%. Since most phones have a decent standby time, it doesn't get charged for more than like 20min in 8hr."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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