query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why is it that we feel colder when we really need to pee? | [
"There are two possible explanations for this : A) You experience cold temperatures, which causes your blood vessels to constrict and drives most of your blood volume to your organs. This increases the blood to your kidneys, and causes more urine formation. B) You need to pee, but you’re trying to hold it in. This ... | [
"Yes, as long as your body is trying to shed heat it will sweat. You just won't notice because you are wet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do images' data storage sizes decrease when saving in MS Paint without doing anything? | [
"Interesting. Some image formats, like JPEG, are inherently compressed file formats. MSPaint might be compressing the image even more. JPEG is lossy compression though, so you’d expect to see a slight decrease in image quality on each save. PNG is lossless compression, but file size may decrease. Here’s what you ca... | [
"Resizing does not affect the amount of pixels - it just tells other applications how large the image is supposed to be (such as printing). It has no effect until you print the image. Resampling changes the amount of pixels in the image, therefore affecting the image quality."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are sit-ups harder to do with your hands behind your head, rather then free? | [
"Have you ever looked at a teeter-totter before? If one person on the teeter-totter is sitting at the very end and person on other side is sitting closer to the middle, then there's an imbalance and that imbalance spreads outward from the middle, which is called the fulcrum. Even though the two people may weigh the... | [
"If you are carrying on the lower side than you're body is generally in a strong position: hips aligned over feet with most of the weight being passed down and held up by your legs. Carrying on the lower side usually puts you in an awkward position with your hips thrust back and your arms extended, forcing you to u... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do math equations work? Why do they work they way they do, and how did people come up with it? | [
"The depends a lot on what equations you are talking about, but in many cases they come from intuition in a simplified model of the real world. For example, in geometry, the equation for the area of a circle comes from the area of a square and the ratio of a circle’s circumference to it’s diameter. You can picture... | [
"Fermi Estimations are exactly that, estimations for complex problems. The logic behind it is that at certain stages during the problem you overestimate, and at other stages you underestimate, leading to an approximate answer. A popular one is \"How many pianos are cleaned in New York?\" To do this, you have to thi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is the reasoning behind having different types and shapes of plugs in different countries, excluding the obvious different voltage answer? | [
"They all developed them independently. At this point any country switching would be costly and a massive pain in the butt, so no one wants to switch."
] | [
"All of the above. Wall warts take up lots of space, and by putting the expensive components together in a line lump design, only the wall socket to line lump cable is country specific. These power supplies will handle any wall voltage in common use and output the voltage and current required by the laptop, making... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Electrical plugs and their design:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Electrical plugs and their design:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do they replicate scents for scented candles? | [
"they aren't replicating a meadow, that's just the name they chose to describe a propietary scent. people been maunfacturing scented candles for millenia. even when it's a simple mix of recognizeable parts like peppermint/lemon/whatever, the overall combination would likely be dubbed something more clever or conven... | [
"Perhaps it is a preservative in bottled juice. Check ingredient list."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do british people say "zed", instead of "z". | [
"Because that is the name of the letter. It comes from the name of the greek letter, Zeta, which is the basis of the English letter. The more interesting question is why people in the U.S. use 'Zee'. From what I can see, someone made a mistake in an early spelling book, and someone else wanting to make their life e... | [
"In the UK it's pronounced suttel. Must just be an American thing. Like warder for water. You guys love D and Z. 😊"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a V configuration of an engine make it better than a normal engine? | [
"It's mainly about saving space. 8 in a line is long and thin. Two rows of 4 is only about as long as a 4 cylinder engine but twice as wide."
] | [
"Those are turboprop engines. They use an jet turbine to turn the propeller. The thing about lots of thrust is that you can have a high-speed thin stream or a low speed wide stream that produces the same thrust. Thin streams can more easily become unstable, an instability is bad in a super-sized fuselage like that.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When you cut a banana the join is wet, but when you break a banana the join is dry. Why? | [
"When you cut something you almost always cell rip apart cells in the process. When you break a banana, it tends to break along planes of weakness, which means the space between cells. Since you rupture much fewer cells, there isn’t as much water to spill out of the cell interior (cytosol). That’s why the broken ba... | [
"There isn't any good reason to cut it off, but it isn't exactly useless. You can tell of a pineapple is ripe by pulling on a leaf from the center. If it easily comes out, the pineapple is ripe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are tipping-based jobs so common in America, and how do they work? | [
"Everyone is doing great at explaining the second part of the question, so here's my understanding of the first part: 100 or so years ago, tipping was actually considered very rude (bribing your waiter to serve you before the other customers). A few rich people still did it though, but it was common for waiters to ... | [
"They're poor, they often speak English, they have internet access, and there's little effective enforcement in Nigeria."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Physical pain caused by depression. | [
"I'm no expert but my guess is this Your brain analyzes everything through stimuli. Without that you would not be able to determine hot from cold as an ex. So, if depression is hindering the stimulant Dopamine or Oxytocin or Serotonin then you begin to experience adverse affects on your body due to the angst of no... | [
"Chemical addiction withdrawal, For a part, at least."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does store bought chocolate milk stay mixed so well and not separate into a layer of chocolate like homemade sometimes does? | [
"The answer is **Additives**: emulsifiers, stabilizers and thickeners like Carrageenan that keep the product from separating and thus keeps it homogenous. They are not necessarily unhealthy and can be found in nature like egg yolk in mayonese which has a natural emulsifier called Lecithin (which is Greek and means ... | [
"Cream is basically milk with more fat. Milk is made of two things that don't mix well - water and fat. If you leave natural milk alone, it'll separate into layers of watery milk and high fat milk. The top layer with all the fat gets harvested and sold as cream. It boggles my mind you never had whipped cream."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did it happen that Hitler influenced so many people and they actually believed him? | [
"Short version: It’s not that everyone believed him, many people were just afraid. And when everything started no one knew he was going to kill jews."
] | [
"If Hitler had stayed in Germany and only killed German Jews, and only messed with the German people, we might not have cared as much as we did. The two scenarios are not comparable."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it that some animals can other swallow animals several times their size without being "killed from the inside"? | [
"not sure but i'd say it has to do with their bone structure and musculature having evolved to be able to do so, snakes for instance have 4 jaw bones instead of 2 to be able to open their mouth as wide as they do and their rib cage (wich is as long as their entire body length) is \"flexible\" in the sense that it c... | [
"It isn't fun, that's for sure. Stomachs tend to hold things tight, so the rat isn't gonna be moving all that much. Then it will suffocate rather quickly, and die within several minutes. Cold blooded animals can live significantly longer without air, in some cases even ripping their way(partially at least) out. Suc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do eggs harden and cook into a more solid form when boiled, but most otger liquids evaporate? | [
"Essentially what happens is that when u heat an egg, u denature its cells, moreso the proteins within. As heat is added the bonds between the parts of the amino acid strings are broken causing the proteins to unfold. This is more of a chemical reaction rather than ur \"evaporation\" thought, the moisture within ev... | [
"Cooked food left in room temp goes bad fast because bacteria grows rapidly and the food can become unsafe to eat. Eggs (in shells) can last for long outside and they aren't refrigerated in a lot of countries. When you crack open the egg, the protective layer is lost and bacteria can easily grow on it. When you us... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Food Science:"
} |
What's the biological benefit for making rashes itchy? | [
"When you scratch, you damage the skin. This causes more white blood cells to gather in the area to fight infections. That's why rashes are itchy. If you scratch too hard, you can break the skin allowing more infection. This is what the medical professionals want to prevent."
] | [
"1) Basically yes, although the mechanisms very _a lot_ and brain damage is a very complex issue. 2) Why do you think there's a benefit? Just because it exists doesn't mean it's selected for in evolution. It's like asking \"what's the benefit of bones breaking when subjected to extreme force?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does my phone track my steps? | [
"It isn't tracking actual steps, but sudden changes in direction the phone has moved. The pattern of those changes is predictable, so phone are able to distinguish steps from other types of movement. It is not perfect & can be faked, so it's not too terribly accurate, but enough to get the job done."
] | [
"And more importantly how do I get one for myself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
What does DEF fluid do and why is it only for diesels? | [
"Diesel engines burn fuel at a much higher temperature and pressure than gasoline engines. The heat allows them to be more efficient, but it also increases the rate at which oxygen reacts with nitrogen in the air to form nitrogen oxide, one of the major pollutants in car exhaust. The big problem with nitrogen oxide... | [
"Some \"name brand\" gas companies include fuel system cleaning additives, but you can buy an occasional bottle of fuel system cleaner at an auto parts store for pretty cheap, and it will do the same thing. Assuming that you use the correct octane level for your engine, fuel from just about any station should work ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do spicy foods hurt our mouths? | [
"We have receptors in our tongues that detect heat (temperature) so we don’t hurt ourselves by eating something too hot and getting burnt. The capsicin in chilli binds to these receptors by ‘accident’, it isn’t their intended function and send signals that create the illusion of heat and thus pain."
] | [
"The menthol in mints makes your taste buds more sensitive to cold than usual."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Dentistry:"
} |
Why doesn’t food get into our lungs? | [
"Basically you have two pipes, breathy pipe and eaty pipe. They are the same at the mouth and throat but diverge into two. Where they diverge is a flap of tissue called the epiglottis. It closes off the breathy pipe when swallowing food and drink. When breathing it closes off the eaty pipe. Sometimes the flappy fla... | [
"The alcohol's been absorbed by the time it hits the large intestine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Microbiology:"
} |
If opposite magnetic poles attract (North to south) how come the north part of a compass points towards north? | [
"The \"north\" pointer on your compass is a south magnetic pole. It's labeled \"north\" because that's the direction it points."
] | [
"The same as any other magnet - spherical magnets still have north poles and south poles. Most often, they're just split roughly down the middle, like the equator dividing the earth into two halves. The top half acts like magnetic north and the bottom half acts like magnetic south."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can my phone not connect to two different Bluetooth devices? | [
"It depends on what type of phone you have and what type of device you're using. Most new phones can connect to multiple different types of devices like a smart watch and headphones. The problem is if you want to connect to say multiple speakers at the same time. It's very hard to transmit the data over a bluetooth... | [
"My iPhone constantly connects to my Apple Watch and my Bluetooth headphones at the same time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
- Salt is supposed to be dehydrating, but electrolytes are salt too, and good for hydration? How does this work? | [
"The salt in your body needs to be at a certain concentration for the nerves and some other things to function properly. Now if you eat a lot of salty food, the kidneys will remove the salt through urine, which is why salt is dehydrating. But sweat is also salty, so if you're sweating a lot, you're losing salt. Thi... | [
"No. Dehydration comes from your body losing water. Salt actual helps with hydration. The reason salt water, like sea water, dehydrates you is because your body processes out excess salt by using water from your blood. Salt is essential to good hydration. Even coffee has shown that drinking it won't dehydrate yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt are the only magnetic elements, then how/why do rare earth metals make stronger magnets? | [
"The rare earth metals are magnetic, but only at lower temperatures. By combining them with iron, nickel, and cobalt in alloys, you can raise the temperature at which their magnetism would normally disappear. The stronger magnetic field comes partly from the high number of unpaired electrons they have."
] | [
"Iron in your blood isn't ferromagnetic, which is the property you associate with everyday iron. This is the reason it isn't affected by everyday permanent magnets."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
; why does does it hurt more to hit a cold body part? | [
"Your body reacts to coldness by decreasing blood flow in your limbs in order to keep your core on operating temperature. As low blood flow = less function, your fingers and toes start feeling numb and you lose dexterity as they're stiffing up, which is all a result of your nerves being numbed as well. But interest... | [
"I want to know that too. Maybe i can add a question to that ELI5 topic: Why do i see lightning like things when closing my eyes and pushing/rolling them with my finger?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is it so hard to draw (freehand) a horizontal straight line compared to a vertical one? | [
"More joints are involved in the drawing of a horizontal line so they have to compensate for the angle that the other one is at. In a vertical line it can be drawn by movement in a single joint."
] | [
"I would guess that's because they are drawing left to right (same as writing) and they start by drawing the head of the animal."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between all of the USB types? (USB 3, Type C, Lightning, etc.) | [
"There are two different things being mixed in your question. USB 2 vs USB 3 vs USB 3.1 vs the new USB 3.2 are all standards that define what the signals mean. USB A vs micro-USB vs USB C vs Lightning vs Thunderbolt are \"standards\" (because Lightning and Thunderbolt aren't real standards) that define the mechanic... | [
"The original USB plug was made asymmetrical because the computer wouldn't understand the data if it was coming in backwards. The most recent version of USB fixes this, and there's a new cable (USB type-C) that can be plugged in either way. A number of devices are starting to use this new plug, like the current gen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Electrical plugs and their design:"
} |
What happens with your body when you get chills from hearing someone sing well? | [
"Scientists believe that this happens to about 50% of people. They have studied it in music listeners and theorize that it is linked to being \"surprised\" by an unexpected change in the music. Like during a really cool \"part\" of the music. Brain scans show that different areas of the brain light up brighter in p... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does an insect becomes preserved in amber? | [
"1. Insect lands on tree 2. Resin flows and it's sticky: _URL_0_ 3. Resin solidifies Insect remains there in the resin, intact. Amber is just solidified resin from trees, that was buried under ground for a long time."
] | [
"Because DNA simply doesn't last that long. DNA degrades over time after an organism dies. Even under the best circumstances, DNA completely degrades in about 6.8 million years. Dinosaurs have been dead for nearly 10 times longer than that. There's simply no dinosaur DNA left to use."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why can you plug an (AC) electical plug backwards in to a socket and it still works? | [
"AC stands for alternating current. The flow goes one way, then the other way, really fast. The device is receiving alternating no matter which way you plug it in."
] | [
"The brick on the cable (laptop chargers) or on the back of the plug itself (phone chargers) is a power supply. When this power supply is plugged into the device, the device tells it how much power it needs and the power supply provides it. If it isn't plugged in, no power/electricity is passing through the cable s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does Amber so effectively preserve specimens for supposed millions of years and is there an artificial equivalent? | [
"Amber is just fossilized tree resin, ~~which is a kind of sticky tree sap~~. We have tons and tons of different kinds of synthetic resins that behave in much the same way. Amber is a great preserver because it's watertight and airtight (why we used to use tree resin for boat building!), and so anything that it en... | [
"All living things are made of cells. Inside each cell is DNA. If the cell is preserved, regardless of age, then we can extract the DNA to analyze. Longer it's been dead the more likely it's decayed and broken down. Finding tissue that's thousands of years old means conditions were perfect to preserve it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why do women more often then not have better handwriting then men? | [
"I think yesteryear women did because they were constantly writing notes to each other in class, honing their writing appearance. These days they just text each other instead, so the writing appearance has suffered."
] | [
"A have a follow up question. How come a female can have a deeper tone than a male but i can still tell which is female and male most of the time"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How did the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse? What was the cause, and what was the change for it to be stable? | [
"Wow, I literally just did a little project on that this last semester. Basically they went with a new suspension bridge design that featured narrower trusses. Also, this type of design, while cheaper and more elegant -(most of this info can be found on the wiki) - just wasn't stiff enough (no puns plz), and would ... | [
"The incident only happened yesterday. There is no way to know what happened this soon after the accident. Some combination of technical and operator failures obviously allowed two cars into a section of track that should have been locked to one car. It will probably take weeks of investigation to understand the wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why can’t time go backwards? | [
"Time is less a \"place\" like a coordinate but more the concept of things happening after one another. It's a way of describing a series of events and their respective durations. While time is relative, its perception is as well, as it depends on the perceptor for how fast it goes, which is why traveling to the fu... | [
"I call this an apple what do you call it? This is how I write apple how do you write it. Same idea for grammar"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is strawmanning? | [
"Basically you misrepresent someone's argument to make it easier to attack. It's like twisting the other person's opinion or words. to make it easier for you to knock. An example would be: *Person 1: I think that Plan A is a better option. I don't support Plan B.* *Person 2: I didn't think you thought so little of... | [
"you want a lesson in genomics and genetic expression in ELI5? I want to see that too! Up vote for balls!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it so hard to control where your hands go when you're looking in a mirror? | [
"Your entire life, you move your hands without really looking at them. You do so from the first person perspective, and you're (likely) extremely proficient this way. When you're looking at a mirror, you're looking at your hands and trying to move them in relation to their position on the mirror. This is a third pe... | [
"Because you don't have much other sensory input coming in. Same reason why a lot of people close their eyes when they really want to listen to music."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Would a magnet be attracted to itself? And how would this work? | [
"A magnet is attracted to itself. They are made of shards of iron that are little magnets. They are mostly aligned so that there poles line up north to south, North to south just like lining up magnets. That's why if you break a magnet in half, you just made 2 smaller (weaker) magnets."
] | [
"Gravity does not equal magnetic force. These are two separate fundamental forces. How your science teacher was speechless amazes me. Earths magnetic force does pull things to the poles, this is why a compass works."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Physics:"
} |
How does Nuclear Fusion work on the Atom-level? | [
"Nuclear fusion is, by definition, on the atomic level. Nuclear fusion is when you smash together 2 light elements to get a heavier element. For example, smashing together 2 hydrogen atoms (each with one proton) gives you a single helium atom (2 protons)."
] | [
"Fusion: combining elements together Fission: breaking elements apart"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
what’s a Credit score and do I need to care about it if I never plan on getting a loan or a credit card? | [
"You'll find it is incredibly difficult to get by without loans or credit cards unless you're obscenely wealthy. You will need it to buy most cars, or a house. Some jobs do credit checks. I've even heard that some apartment complexes do credit checks. But more to your question, a credit score is basically a way of ... | [
"If you are in good standing there should not be any reasonable damage. Credit cards report your reliability. Canceling your agreement when you’re not in debt, and have no remaining payments shouldn’t interfere. However the ideal is to buy something with it. Even if it’s just groceries. Continued payments look be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does eye tracker work? (The thing that shows what on a monitor you are looking at.) | [
"It is a high speed camera that looks at your face. It finds the pupil (the black spot in the middle of the eye) in relation to the white around it. From this data it figures what direction it's pointing, like finding the Sun by looking at the crescent Moon."
] | [
"Because their eyes are generally pointed away from the screen. They don't necessarily see what's happening on the screen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does 67°F inside my house feel cold while 67°F outside feels comfortable? | [
"The sun can heat you directly while outside, and you're also probably moving around and generating heat. Inside you're generally much less active and don't have a kajillion watt cosmic light bulb radiating heat at you. A humid and windy 67 might be much colder than inside though due to wind chill, so ultimately th... | [
"This is more related to relative temperature than actual water temperature. The pool temp is probably pretty constant, we'll call it 65 degrees Fahrenheit. If it's 90 degrees outside and your body has started to adjust to that setting, 65 degree water is going to feel nice and cool. On the other hand, jumping in a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How is chewing ice related to iron deficiency? | [
"I found a study from 2014: \"Potential explanations include activation of the dive reflex, which would lead to peripheral vasoconstriction and preferential perfusion of the brain or, alternatively, sympathetic nervous system activation, which would also increase blood-flow to the brain.\" & #x200B; So in 5 year o... | [
"Dehydration is linked to involuntary nerve firing. So is Vitamin K deficiency."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
does YouTube make money in spite of AdBlock? | [
"Yes, but the creators won't. They get a share of the ad money that plays on their videos while youtube itself can still analyse your behaviour on the site and use the vast amount of data that they gather from you in different ways to make money."
] | [
"IT can, why do you think it \"can't\" Youtube has purposefully changed their system to attempt to prevent you from doing this on mobile devices and making that \"feature\" available only to their YouTube Red subscribers as a benefit of subscribing. tl;dr: You gotta pay"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why do things like mayonnaise require refrigeration after they are opened when they can sit on a room temperature shelf for months without spoiling before they are opened? | [
"When originally packaged, the contents were likely pasteurized to kill harmful bacteria. The contents are additionally hermetically sealed to prevent bacteria from getting in. Unfortunately, in order to get the product *out* you had to break the seal. No longer airtight, the product must be refrigerated to stem th... | [
"Both eggs and butter can be safely left at room temperature for quite a long time. Butter can go weeks, maybe months. With eggs, how long depends on whether they've been previously refrigerated or not. If they've been refrigerated, they should probably not be left out for more than an hour or two. But if they have... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Food Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Food Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Food Science:"
} |
What stops an amputee’s bones from trying to regrow through the skin at the site of amputation? | [
"Bone doesn't grow by itself. Broken bones 'knit' together only when the broken surfaces are essentially in contact with each other."
] | [
"As a guy who has been through this process, wolfmater is correct. I cut off my right hand in a work accident and my surgeon reattached everything. Ligaments, veins, the whole nine is anchored back down into your body. I had dozens of internal sutures removed that were used. The main issue is getting your nerve en... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Medicine:"
} |
can 3 people use the same organs? | [
"It happens occasionally, but rarely. When an organ is transplanted, scar tissue forms. This scar tissue has to be removed if the organ is re-donated, which can make the organ too injured to be useful. So to answer your question, yes, the organ can be donated again, but it's rare."
] | [
"Watch the l.a. beast crystal pepsi challenge on yt. About the same will happen to yourself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
When a direct deposit is made from a business to a bank or money transfer between two different banks, where are those funds during the 24 to 48 hours of processing? | [
"The funds have not been deducted from one account until they are posted to the other. The payment will show up as pending but the money has not actually \"left\" the bank account until it has arrived in the other. When you make a payment, it pretty much immediately shows up in your account history, but it's pendin... | [
"Short answer: They receive money in chunks throughout the month usually on a daily basis but it is on a 2 day delay. The company has a bank that they process credit cards through, this is called the acquirer bank. The card the customer uses is also backed by a bank, this is called the issuer bank. When the mercha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is low fat milk sometimes skim milk and cream combined, instead of partially skimmed milk? | [
"It's easier to make a machine that just takes *all* the cream off, and then put some back. Speeds up factory production in volume."
] | [
"Milk spoilage is mainly the fermentation of sugars into acid by bacteria. So, the less sugar, the slower it rots. Also, bacteria require water so the higher percentage of fat than water, the slower it rots. Ghee lasts the longest, then butter, then cream, then milk. The difference between whole and skimmed milk wo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does turning the volume down on my phone and up on my car give a cleaner signal at the same volume? | [
"You are overdriving the output of the phone OR the aux-to-tape converted (the latter most likely), essentially pushing the circuitry beyond its limits. When you lower the output you put the circuit back into operating range and you can then cleanly amplify the signal using the car stereo."
] | [
"I'm an audio tech, so I deal with this a lot. Turning any volume too high can cause distortion or compression, so try and not drastically change just one. For instance, I keep my YouTube volume at 50%, my PC volume at 75%, and use the volume on my headphones to make small adjustments."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
“Buying” movies or music that is then removed from iTunes | [
"essentially you are buying a temporary license to watch the movie. i bet there's something in the terms of service about it."
] | [
"It is illegal to stream the same movies and music files, except from places where the copyright holder has explicitly said you can. ProjectFreeTV is illegal; most artists choose to make their music available on Youtube, but if they don't that's also illegal."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I'm a left hander but I don't operate as one half of the time, what gives? | [
"You are not, in fact, a left hander. There are 5(!) different types of handedness. In order of how common they are, you have Right Handed, Left Handed, Cross Dominant, Ambidexterous, and Ambilevous. You are the same type I am, the third, Cross-Dominant. Like you I used to think I was left hand, but I am not and... | [
"left handed and can use scissors effectively, of course after years of practice but it still hurts or is at the very least uncomfortable, as most are made to fit in a right hand. Try using lefty scissors and you will know. Power tools are the worst for lefties."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about science:",
"pos": "Represent the post about science:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
what is happening from a cardiovascular perspective when you get in shape? | [
"When you train a lot your muscles become much more efficient at producing energy and your heart adapts to higher levels of workload, making it easer for it to handle less stressful tasks. Basically any part of our body can adapt to stress as long as it is not too much to take care of in too short of a period of ti... | [
"peoples blood pressure is lower when they first wake up. this makes them more sensitive to the cold."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does the maximum capacity of Micro SD Cards grow more than 1000x, from a few MB to 512GB as of today? | [
"It’s the basic concept of Moore’s Law. Constant improvements in integrated circuit manufacturing means they can make the circuits smaller and fit more in the same space. ICs are made using imaging technology. Basically, an IC is drawn on a transparent film. Light is projected through the film and through lenses t... | [
"Current SD cards have read/write speeds of up to 30 MB/s. SSDs have read/write speeds of up to 500 MB/s."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does a CT Scan work and how do you read the results? | [
"A CT scan uses regular x-rays except instead of producing a single flat-on image, it produces many cross sectional images from many angles. A computer then assembles these images taken from different angles into \"slices\". Frequently, a contrast agent is injected into the person during the scan. This is a chemica... | [
"You have to take into account all these different factors: - What tissue/structure do you want to see? - At what resolution do I need to scan? (how detailed should the picture be?) - What does is cost to order that type of scan? - What is the effect of the scan on the patient and do I want this? (X-Ray/CAT is bad ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the difference between 1080p and 1080p60? | [
"1080p is a resolution, 1920x1080 pixels. 1080p60 is the same resolution + 60 frames per second."
] | [
"480 is the resolution of SD 480 * 1.5 = 720 720 * 1.5 = 1080"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does it take so long to download and interpret Black Box info after a plane crash? | [
"The “black box” isnt a single system, its made up of separate recording devices through the aircraft. It doesnt record EVERYTHING, only the Time, Engine specifics and altitude, the other records cockpit voice and conversations. The data recording systems on aircraft flights saves burst data, meaning it only starts... | [
"Well, that depends. We need more information. Which vehicle broke the traffic laws?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about aviation:",
"pos": "Represent the document about aviation:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come you have to set a thermostat to “heat” or “cool?” Why can’t you just set a temperature you want (72F, for example,) and it turns the ac or furnace on when appropriate? | [
"They do have them. In fact, almost all thermostats are designed to worth that way. There is usually a 4 to 5 degree \"deadband\" temperature difference between heat and cool set points. In other words, if you set the thermostat to call for heat at 69 degrees, it won't call for cooling until the temperature reaches... | [
"It's basically an air conditioner that can be turned around. When it's an AC it blows cold air and hot air is pumped outside. When it's a heater it blows hot air and cold air is pumped outside. Don't know what sux or emergency mode would mean other than they operate at their maximum capacity to warm or cool asqu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do osmotic laxatives (like Mirilax) work? | [
"Basically most of the water you drink is absorbed in the last part of your intestine, just before what you ate becomes actual feces. These laxatives can withhold the water in your intestine, avoiding its absorption through the mucose of the intestine, making your feces more liquid and leaving more water in the \"p... | [
"From a pharmacology point of view, there are four main types of laxatives: - Bulk laxatives - Bran or ispaghula, which increases the amount of faeces, causing an increase in peristalsis (gut movement) as the mass needs to go somewhere... - Stimulant Laxatives - Docusate, which works by increasing motility of th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are hydraulic presses made of that they don’t break under the pressure they put onto other objects? | [
"The dies are usually some sort of tool steel, which is pretty hard when compared to most things you'd put in a press"
] | [
"Make it sturdy enough to withstand the pressure, and air-tight so as to prevent air escaping. Get pumps good enough to push more air in if the pressure does drop."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does water dripping in cold weather create icicles, but not ice stalagmites? | [
"I have indeed seen ice stalagmites. They are a thing. They just take a lot longer to form and it takes stricter conditions."
] | [
"A snowflake is a tiny crystal of ice, while an ice cube is a solid frozen cube of ice. They're both ice. If you were to take an ice cube and grind it in a blender, it would resemble snow (but not look like the pretty crystals that form naturally). Snow on a mountain can also warm up, melt a bit, and freeze again, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
The difference between Type 1 and 2 diabetes | [
"Type 1 you don't produce insulin and need injections of it to live. Type 2 you make insulin but become resistant to it and need diet, exercise, and medication to lower your blood sugar levels to safe level."
] | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens to a bullet after you shoot it straight up into the sky? | [
"Some of the people replying here aren't sure whether a bullet falling at terminal velocity could cause injury or death. Doctors in places where celebratory gunfire is common know better. In many Pakistani cities, dozens of people are injured and a few people killed by stray bullets every year. _URL_1_ \"In 2003, ... | [
"Let me answer your question with another question: if you tape a grenade to the back of someone's head and pull the pin, what happens to the front of their head? Same thing, more or less."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What causes those random extra long hairs on your body? | [
"Genetic damage, usually. Common on ears because of uv damage. I don't have a reference, but I read once that the follicle genes may degrade like that because of natural selection, so it may be an adaptive trait. The hypothesis is that the gene switches the growth pattern as part of correction to genetic damage fro... | [
"Not an expert, but it might have to do with touching the very tiny hair on the skin of your nose."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
'meaning' vs 'semantics' | [
"\"Meaning\" is like the general idea of something where as \"semantics\" is the very specific meaning of an idea. This is why people will say \"well if you *really* want to argue about semantics\" when an argument about what someone intended to say arises. Usually those arguments devolve into nonsense speculation... | [
"You write a 300+ page proof about it, apparently: _URL_0_ First you have to rigorously define and prove what you mean by '1', '2', '+', and '='."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does an open wound/abrasion not hurt when touched underwater? | [
"You’re overloading the nerves with water pressure so that a touch won’t be noticed like it would out of water."
] | [
"Generally It won't if you keep the wound in question moist and disinfected. Often times people just use a bandage to stop the bleeding but then let it scab up and dry out. This causes the skin to dry out and become less elastic as your skin lays down the foundation for the healing process. In short: keep the wound... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is it that we can remember the words to a song as we go | [
"ITT: people try and explain neuroscience simply. Best way to explain would be that memory is contextual, and music specifically is remembered as an ordered list of words and phrases and not a complete transcript because that's how you learned it. You didn't read it as a transcript on a screen, you learned it by re... | [
"Of course it's bribery to drill the songs into people's heads, but that still doesn't explain why certain songs are selected. They could make any song popular if they wish."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Music:"
} |
How do companies/organizations "know" that they've been hacked? | [
"Hacking leaves a paper trail kinda like money embezzling does. There’s always a slight trail, but it takes a trained eye or quality developed program to be able to both detect it/hide it."
] | [
"If I can ask a follow-up: How did these companies respond to being targeted?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do portable batteries know when to give or receive charge? | [
"The electrons will go where the voltage \"forces\" them to go, much like water falls or flows where gravity pulls it. So if the battery is the only generator of voltage, then the chemicals inside will react and produce electrons that will go through your device. However, if you connect a \"more powerful\" source o... | [
"In all batteries, there is a chemical reaction that causes electrons to flow from one terminal to the other. When batteries are recharged, electrons are forced to flow through the battery in the opposite direction, which reverses the reaction so that it can happen again. Smart phones use lithium ion batteries. Unl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does our reflection show up in a spoon so clearly right side up on one side and upside down on the other? | [
"One side is concave, while the other is convex. The light from the concave side is directed down from the top and up from the bottom, meaning if you're looking at it from past a certain point, it will appear upside down. The light from the convex side goes up from the top and down from the bottom, so it doesn't do... | [
"Mirrors don't flip images, the mirror is displaying exactly what is in front of it. For example when you stand in front of the mirror you see your right arm on the right. That is because it is directly in front of that portion of the mirror. So...when you are standing in front of the mirror your head is at the top... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How have we discovered many exoplanets but not the hypothesized planet x in our own solar system? | [
"Think of a marbel in a field at night, you know it is somewhere on the field but you just cannot make it out. Now imagine it's moving. On the other hand, imagine a street light with a fly buzzing around it. You cannot see the fly but if you look at the light long enough you can just make out something changing in ... | [
"We are able to detect planets much further away, yes. But we are not able to take a picture of them. We have no pictures what so ever of planets outside our solar system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about astronomy:"
} |
why do viruses make you sick and can be fatal if their main objective is to spread and reproduce? | [
"Viruses don't plan on killing the host, they are just simple programs guided by their DNA. For example, the common cold virus is pretty effective at spreading but not killing you. Ebola which most likely came from jungle animal where it's not a super killer is a super killer in humans because our body isn't desig... | [
"herd immunity is the idea that if most of the group is immune to a virus, even the non-immune are less likely to be infected because there are less potential carriers this applies to computer viruses as much as it does to biologicals; the less infected computers are spreading the virus, the less likely it is for t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is it you can be setting in silence, and all of a sudden you have a massive ringing in your ears? | [
"Most likely, you are describing either: tinnitus, (transient) high blood pressure, or the phenomenon of acoustic-hypostimulation-hypersensitivity. In any case, it’s probably brain cancer and you gunna die. Edit: only every human *so far* has died"
] | [
"Isn’t that the dripping on your head? If so it’s just you go crazy from the continuous noise and the feeling eventually makes your head stop working but you just go loony"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is 440 hertz the standard for tuning? If it’s so important, why isn’t “A major” the default music key instead of “C major”? | [
"Somebody correct me if I'm wrong, but from what I remember, back when these conventions were being made the minor scale was actually more predominant than the major scale in music. So when music gradually shifted to being major dominant the \"default key\" shifted from A minor to C major."
] | [
"There are more than that. A A# B C C# D D# E F F# G G# Flats and sharps are the same as each other i.e. Eb and D# are the same thing. Once you get round this circle you get back to A which is a tone twice the frequency of the original. The A string on a guitar is tuned to 440Hz and once you get around to the nex... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does it mean to enter recession? | [
"Less money less jobs typically Australia has just recorded its second straight quarter where the economy shrank on a per capita basis. Its hard to explain without using fancy language Basically just what the headline says: Theres less mony being made this year than last year. Normally every year there is some gro... | [
"We'll be able to answer that question when we all agree on what intelligence means."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does a pregnancy test read two lines for positive, but a drug test reads two lines for negative? | [
"It’s just a difference in the way the test strip reacts to the substance being tested for. In drug tests, the presence of the drug *prevents* a color change of the test line. If the drug is below the detectable level, the strip changes color. In pregnancy tests, the presence of hcg reacts with the test strip to *c... | [
"A false positive means that a test comes back positive, even though it should be negative. A false negative is the same, but in the opposite scenario. For example, a pregnancy test may come back negative, while a woman is indeed pregnant. This is a false negative. A drug test may come back positive, even though th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do so many young people nowadays die from undetected heart conditions, especially seemingly healthy student athletes? | [
"I think it’s just reported more now and has always been a “thing” unfortunately. There is a much higher risk for young black athletes though because sickle cell anemia inhibits oxygen from reaching cells effectively which can result in heart failure."
] | [
"Compare mortality rates to those with chronic illness 100 years ago. Now make the same comparison today. You will find that a very large number of people who are sick today would have been dead 100 years ago. Peanut allergy 100 years ago: Billy mysteriously fell over dead, end of story."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
how come we all have different taste buds? | [
"Fun fact: most of the things that we call flavors are actually aromas that have floated up our throat and into our nasal cavity."
] | [
"meh, some reasons here are not so bad. but eli5 i would say that different people have different reactions because they are different people. not everyone likes eggplant. some people are allergic to dogs. we are all very different. the weird thing would be if everyone had the SAME experience."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is the explanation for different autism rates in different countries? | [
"In America, the definition of Autism has been broadening. 20ish years ago Autism was a singular diagnosis. Now multiple diagnosis are categorized as Autism Spectrum disorder. So what we consider Autism in America maybe more broadly defined than what Denmark defines as Autism."
] | [
"more like ELI5 why is there so much tension between ethnic groups all over the world"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Do plants die of old age? | [
"Some do. Many only last a single season. On the other hand, there are very old trees which we don't really know how old they can get, because they tend do die of other causes first. So, we don't really know how old plants can get."
] | [
"Question 1: Do you have a cat? Question 2: Do you floss? That might help. Question 3: Do you sleep with your mouth open? This can dry out your mouth which leads to bad breath."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
How do "despised" companies rise to the top? | [
"People are voting with their wallet, at least in the case of EA. It's just that if by \"the internet community\" you mean small insulated communities like reddit, then you are correct. The vast majority of consumers do not give a shit. In fact, most people on reddit don't really give a shit. Of course, some compa... | [
"There is a massive barrier to entry in order to compete with them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Finance:"
} |
Why does meltwater taste different from regular water? | [
"Most likely because the snow has picked up various chemicals and debris from the atmosphere"
] | [
"Salt. Salt causes ice and snow to melt, and many places use it on roads. Despite its obvious sweetness, soda contains salt. Ice melts faster in liquids with salt. So, ice would melt faster in a glass of water from the ocean, as opposed to a glass of water from a lake, as opposed to filtered tap water, even if the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
In severe diabetes cases how does removing a persons foot help manage their blood sugar, what does removing the foot do? and what causes that? | [
"Removing the foot does not help their blood sugar. What does happen in diabetes is that they get diabetic neuropathy, where their nerves get damaged and stop working properly, so they don't feel anything when their feet get hurt. Diabetics also take longer to heal because of the blood sugar. Combine these two and ... | [
"You blood sugar is more even over the day, and research suggests that having less and lower spikes in blood sugar will cause your body to store less fat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does the sound of a bottle/glass being filled with a liquid change as it gets fuller? | [
"There is less room in the top of the container for the sound to resonate (echo). Smaller areas will create a higher pitch. Edit: grammar"
] | [
"The label doesn’t shrink. It’s being pulled in with the bottle as it reduces its volume and pressure as the gas is released when you open it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How was the height of a hill or mountain measured before GPS? | [
"For regular field use you would use a barometer. This measures the pressure in the air and the higher up you are the lower the pressure. This would have to be calibrated on a regular basis as it is also affected by weather patterns. & #x200B; However for accurate surveying you would use triangulation. By measurin... | [
"1) In the old days (but still after the time almost all capitals were founded) surveyors did this kind of work routinely. Much of it was done with theodolites which are like sniper scopes attached to devices to accurately measure angles. They will work from one line-of-sight to the next and use trigonometry. In so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is the 95% confidence interval a measure of data significance in scientific studies? (i.e. why not higher or lower?) | [
"The confidence interval is a guess at a range that might contain the true value of some unknown parameter. It has an associated confidence level that quantifies how certain we can be the true value of the parameter lies within the confidence interval. I'm guessing 95% being so popular comes from the fact that in ... | [
"Standard deviation (SD) - representation of how far away from the sample mean a score is. For example, sample meam of IQ is 100 and SD of 15. If I scored 1 SD above the mean, that means I have an IQ of 115. Confidence intervals (CI) - how sure are you that the score you received was an actual case and not just a f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did Stephen Hawking talked even though he can't move a muscle? How did the computer knew what he wanted to say? | [
"He used very subtle muscle movements to control the computer. The computer would go over a list of letters/words and Hawking would move his muscle whenever he wanted to choose the current letter or word. Towards the end of his life it would take him up to a minute per word. Any interview you see of him is either h... | [
"Somebody please correct me if I'm wrong but I've read somewhere (can't find the article now) that the ear is able to repeat what you have heard. So if somebody ask you something you say \"what?\" then the ear repeats it before the person repeats the question, giving you the feeling that you heard what they said th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what is the difference between polypeptide and protein synthesis? | [
"Generally \"polypeptide\" or \"peptide\" is used to refer to small proteinaceous chains (some hormones for example), or to the chain that is synthesised before it has undergone the folding and modification stages (glycosylation etc) in the ER and Golgi. \"Protein\" then is used to refer to this mature form. As far... | [
"Nitrogen is essential in building peptides which make up proteins. Go on google and look up the stuctures of amino acids and peptides"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes the ragged breathing we get after crying for a long period of time? | [
"2 Reasons. The first is that your body has to actually work to cry, especially to seriously weep. When you are weeping hard you are expending a good bit of energy, and you need to get oxygen to meet your metabolic demands. But the other problem is that the act of weeping disrupt your ability to breathe, much like ... | [
"Because stimulatants can cause prolonged and intense strain on your heart. Imagine your heart beating as fast as when you are running but for 24hrs straight on meth. That much strain isn't good for your heart."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do we know what the weather is going to be 5 days from now? | [
"Because weather systems move across the globe in fairly predictable ways. There is a random element to it that we cannot predict, but ultimately weather is a system of actions and reactions. Take a hurricane, for instance. We know how hurricanes act because we have observed them for a very long time. And as such w... | [
"It's giving you tonight's expected low, not this morning's. It does no good to know how cold it was early this morning. I want to know how cold it will get later."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are my (console) gaming statistics obtained by third parties? | [
"Your console collect that information, and the company that owns it then goes ahead and let's one of those third parties have it. Usually that means they sold it, but there are other deals they conceivably could make."
] | [
"What do you mean? Your question needs to be a bit more specific. Are you asking what it is? Or how it's set? Or how the payments are made?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does it take so long to become a naturalized citizen of the United States? | [
"There's a gigantic backlog of applications to process. Our laws are confusing to say the least. We don't have nearly enough people working on it, and the ones we do have are under-funded. And we change the rules a lot. so anyone who applied has to be able to account for that difference, making it take even longer.... | [
"If you think treatment of animals is bad in China, you have to seriously look at the treatment of people in The Republic Of China."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does electricity “know” if a circuit is closed or not, before flowing through it? | [
"How does a river know if its dammed before flowing? Its a very similar thing to electricity."
] | [
"No. A disconnected outlet is an open circuit, which means that there's a break in the wire. Current can't flow, because there's no loop. The electricity \"wants\" to flow, but it has nowhere to go, so it doesn't. For there to be power, there needs to be current. No current, no power."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do modern cameras have lower (~12) megapixels as compared to older cameras? | [
"When I took a digital photography course in college, probably about ten years ago, it was explained to me like this: It's less about the absolute number of megapixels and more about the ratio of megapixels to the size of the photo sensor. The size of the sensor is more indicative of image quality than the number o... | [
"Generally in camera's you want as much area as possible on your camera sensor. The larger the area, the more light you can capture. In most smartphones from 2013 the pixels are about 1.1µm pixels (13 megapixel sensors) while the smartphones from 2012 have about 1.4µm pixels (8 megapixels). HTC however decided to g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do new Phones cost more and more but don’t seem to be that „new“? | [
"Very simple: because people are willing to pay for it. Top-level phones also have a very nice position right between life necessity and luxury status symbol. On the one hand, for the amount of entertainment and business utility it provides, it's understandable for people to spend amounts that are similar to a lap... | [
"Because each new update uses more and more power that your phone does not have. They do this A: to advance technology and compete with other companies and B: to make you feel like your phone is slow so you go buy another"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do people live in areas that are known to have many devastating tornadoes? | [
"Every place is going to be prone to some sort of severe weather phenomenon (or at least, not everyone can live where there isn't some sort of severe weather phenomenon)."
] | [
"Because most 3rd world countries happen to be in tropical hot regions. Tropical regions have more energy which translates to more storms and hurricanes. The reality is everywhere seems to have the same amount it's just poor countries deal with the aftermath much longer. Look at the USA, tornados in the central reg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Neutral Switzerland - how did they do it ? | [
"Switzerland is a *bitch* to invade. Mountainous terrain is incredibly difficult to traverse, especially when under fire. There are only a few mountain passes that would allow an invasion, and Switzerland defends those heavily, to the point that today they could detonate a few explosive charges and seal off the ent... | [
"See brexit? See the US elections? That's what didn't happen this evening :p"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come sometimes we produce tears when we yawn? | [
"I would imagine that it is simply caused by pressure on the tear ducts. During yawning, you contract all the muscles in your upper mouth and nose, which squeezes all the structures in the area, including the tear ducts."
] | [
"Because your brain expects the feeling. I believe its similar to why you can't tickle yourself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
why can't airlines modify a person's name on a boarding pass | [
"While u/truebene has a good explanation for why they can't change it at the gate, I think the real reason they don't allow you to change your ticket, even months in advance, is to avoid a secondary market in tickets. If you could buy a ticket today for a flight you know will sell out in 9 months, it might be worth... | [
"It has nothing to do with TSA. The airline issuing the boarding pass controls whether the TSA precheck comes up....you need to register your TSA precheck account with each airline."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How Do Touchscreens Work? | [
"In a nutshell. 2 different types of touch screens i'm familar with.. there is resistive which locate the touch by pressing on the screen (like the old mall kiosks and older ATM machines) causing it to deform the rubber-like top layer registering the layer touching the detection surface underneath. & #x200B; The... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does protein build muscle and change body composition better than any of the other macronutrients? | [
"It is not that protein builds muscle. However if you are building muscles you use proteins as this is what cells are made of. And if you use protein then it is possible that you run out of proteins and then you will stop building muscle. & #x200B; A comparison is if you are building a house. Yes you need electric... | [
"Because the human body needs macronutrients as well as vitamins. Fats, proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids. Also fiber. So going without these things for an extended period is typically detrimental to one's health."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health and Nutrition:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Health and Nutrition:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
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