query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do people see a red or blue glow on edges of objects on wearing glasses (looking sideways towards the object)? | [
"Chromatic aberration, it is due to light of different frequency being bent different amounts by a lens. It is why a prism can be used to split light into a rainbow, and it is attempted to be minimized for optical lenses (but usually shows up at the edges regardless)."
] | [
"yes, your eyes do reflect some light. This can be clearly seen when taking hi-res photographs of peoples eyes, and the lighting is right."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Set theory in mathematics. | [
"Sets are collections of objects. Set theory is a formal way to look at \"collections of objects\" and apply math to them (define what it means to add, subtract, multiply, intersect, etc.) these things. Why? Because it's useful; some things in reality are related and could be grouped together as a collection, and b... | [
"Same difference between color and colour. Continent-based spelling differences."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do red heads have a higher tolerance for pain, anesthesia, etc. | [
"The MC1R gene is suspected to be connected to it. However, more recent studies show that there's some variances. Some redheads may be MORE prone to pain responses. So it's generally just that the MC1R gene being mutated can cause all kinds of shenanigans in a number of areas."
] | [
"Asthma medication for people that don't have asthma supposedly gives them better cardiovascular performance and lets their lungs breathe better. Doesn't make a difference in my experience though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How are humans able to imagine things that don't exist or could not possibly exist? | [
"Human's greatest ability and the secret to our success is our ability to recognize and use patterns. Speech, writing, music, math, science, and all our other accomplishments are patterns that build upon the knowledge of the humans before us. Imagining something that does not exist is just figuring out something th... | [
"If it was outside of our universe it would also be beyond everything that we are capable of observing or understanding, so we would have no way of knowing that it even happened."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
What differentiates the "Q" in LGBTQ from any of the former letters? | [
"Q can mean either \"questioning\" or \"queer\". Questioning is self explanatory. Queer is there precisely because some people *don't* identify as any single one of the other categories. Queer means different things to different people, but broadly, it means non-heterosexual, non cisgender, or both. There are peopl... | [
"Essentially nothing beyond \"what do we call this thing on official paper.\" There are not distinct rights or legal differences between states and commonwealths in the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
When you're taking a shower, why does the water get so hot it feels cold? | [
"In your skin, there are hot and cold receptors, which work as internal thermometers. These let you know that, for example, ice cream is cold, and boiling soup is hot. However, these can be overridden by the sense of pain or danger. In this scenario, your body is more concerned about getting your away from the sour... | [
"It's like this. Take yourself for instance, do you enjoy a hot shower at your will? Probably, just like a dog enjoys the water at his own will. On the contrary, do you enjoy being blasted in the face with a water gun? Probably not, just like a dog doesn't want water being forced upon him."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does your breath make a flanging sound when you breathe while moving your hand in front of your face? | [
"Well you succeeded in making me look like an idiot in public, but you have failed at describing your problem well enough for me to recreate it."
] | [
"Blowing with pursed lips shoots out air very quickly and in a narrow stream. It ends up dragging ambient air (usually cooler) into the stream. Exhaling in the \"haah\" fashion with an open mouth shoots out air much slower and in a wide \"stream\". It drags a proportionally smaller amount of cool ambient air with ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why is it that a person with cold hands hands feel colder than the ambient temperature of the room. Or even colder than an inanimate object in the room. | [
"Humans are very bad at feeling temperature. Our nerves and brain cannot easily perceive absolute temperature like a thermometer does. We feel temperature by how quickly the receptors in our skin heat up or cool down. That is related to the material and the difference in temperature between it and your hand. You c... | [
"Because your lungs are quite moist, as you breathe the cold air in it works like wind-chill, rapidly cooling the surfaces inside your lungs (and your lungs have a LOT of surface area). Your lungs, like most of your body, have nerve endings which detect this and send a pain signal to your brain Remember that cold a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
how does e differ from 2^x ? Does both the graph have 100% growth ??how do they differ ? | [
"The main diffrence is that the rate it grow is the same is the value of the function. & #x200B; It is called the derivative and the derivative of e\\^x is e\\^x but the derivative of 2\\^x is ln(2) 2\\^x Where ln is the Natural logarithm and is the related to e so e\\^ln(x) =x & #x200B; So the functions e\\^x a... | [
"because for many quantities, the important effect is what happens when you double the input.. so it makes sense to have exponential values like 1,2,4,8,16,32,... on the horizontal axis for the inputs.... taking the logs of exponential values just make them look linear so the above becomes 0,1,2,3,4,5... hiding the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
My brain regulates, monitors and balances my entire body while I am doing do 5 things presently and then suddenly I have a memory of being 5 years old playing outside like it was yesterday. How does that work? | [
"I'm no professional in this matter, but I can give you some idea. Your brain has different centers that focus on different things. There is a specific region (medulla) that is focused on maintaining bodily functions and autonomous actions such as your heart beating. Then there are other areas involved with conciou... | [
"Your brain isn't always sure what it's supposed to be doing, or what your body is experiencing. Something to the effect of \"I haven't checked my body temperature in a while, better do something to affect that.\" Ever had your leg just twitch for no reason? Same thing, except your brain thinks your falling asleep... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How come my dad (who is allergic to pollen) isnt allergic to honey? | [
"Ahem. I may be something of a reclusive scientist but I'll share my knowledge. You see... These two thing are not the same thing."
] | [
"You too this year huh? I'm 33 and never had allergies to ANYTHING (and I've worked outside most of my life) and this year I suddenly have allergies bad, and out of nowhere. Tons of other people are experiencing the same thing where I live."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is, and how does diabetes work? | [
"Diabetes occurs when sugar gets stuck in your blood rather than moved to where it is needed. Insulin is what picks up the sugar and moves it. In diabetics, either not enough insulin is made, or the body can't make good use of it. Too much sugar in your blood is bad as it causes organ damage. The body tries to get ... | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
. How do bumps when we hit our head form? I know its not the skull swelling, right? Is it the skin swelling? | [
"Yes, as you suspected it is the skin and underlying tissue which is swelling with blood. With the firm skull preventing expansion inward the swelling is particularly prominent on the head as it must push outward."
] | [
"Well, the pressure causes your muscles to press against your bones, which hurts for example, pinch you arm. Your flesh is getting crushed, so it hurts...."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do refrigerator magnets suck? | [
"They use strips of magnet that are oriented in different ways to create a [Halbach Array](_URL_0_) which creates a strong side of the magnet and a much weaker side allowing them to create a fairly strong magnet with relatively weak and cheap magnetic material. By flipping the direction of the magnet the magnetic f... | [
"You know how you can tap on a watermelon and tell if it's ripe or not? We do that to the earth except the taps are earthquakes and our ears are seismographs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does Albinism happen in all sorts of animals, from all different kingdoms? Is it really the same thing or is a group of things we just call “Albino?” | [
"The pigment in our bodies that is affected by Albinism is called melanin. Any animal that produces melanin can be effected by a mutation that messes with melanin production. Anything with that mutation is considered albino."
] | [
"Yes, there are similar genetic disorders in other animals - but their different biology leads to very different expressions. So no Down Syndrome, but other similar disorders occur in other animals."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do ads load so much faster than the actual content? | [
"A site normally loads the general skeleton of the page first. This includes the ads. Now the ads are actually separate mini pages themselves, known as embedded pages or objects. These ads load on their own accord separate from the initial page and are normally run by a company like google that can pump you that im... | [
"It seems like what you see must just be one thing since it's just a single screen, but the individual parts can come from lots of different web servers. Here on reddit you see a lot of pics from Imgur--the text comes from a reddit server and the pics come from an imgur server. Also, it is possible to tell on porti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What is the purpose, and intended consequences, of the House of Representatives in the US voting on a resolution to "condemn bigotry"? | [
"It is called virtue signalling. It is just a PR stunt so when re-election time arrives, they can all brag about how hard they have worked to eliminate bigotry. Other than that it has no practical effect at all."
] | [
"Normally, anyone in the House of Representatives can say \"hey guys we should vote on bill X\". But they changed that rule shortly before the start of the government shutdown. Now, only the Majority Leader is allowed to propose a vote on a bill."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do journalist sources and government leaks stay anonymous when it's so easy for the NSA to target people? | [
"The information the NSA gathers can't be used in court and they aren't focused on that sort of intelligence gathering, it'll get filtered out as \"noise\". Now the special spying court, the FISA court (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) could direct the FBI to go after those types of people, but Department of ... | [
"I can't answer your question, but I'd like to add to it: What information did Snowden actually share with the public? Are there any documents he put on the internet listing the NSA's abuses of power? All I can find right now are interviews."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How exactly does CPR work? | [
"the most vital function your body needs to be able to even stay alive is to take in oxygen (respiration) and deliver them to your organs (circulation). in CPR, short for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, 2 main things are done, namely the mouth-to-mouth breaths and chest compressions. in the mouth-to-mouth, you are ... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do magnets form, and why/ how do they do what they do? | [
"I suggest you watch Feynmans talk aboit magnets. A really simplified version boils doen to this: everything is \"magnetic\" to some degree. When you press down on something with your hand, what you feel is actually magnetism doing its thing and not letting your hand to pass through another material. Now that pro... | [
"Ferromagnetic materials like steel or whatever lose their magnetism at its curie point or curie temperature. They all have a different temperature at which you wouldn't be able to magnetize the metal anymore. Its also worth noting that we currently don't know how magnetism works. We can see its effects, we can man... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why when you choke on even the tiniest bit of spit or water, do you cough/splutter/struggle to breathe for so long? | [
"This is called a partial choke and it is your body naturally trying to clear the pathway to your lungs the reason you do it so long is because that's like trying to dry up a spill with your hand."
] | [
"I've been smoking cigarettes since I was a kid; my lungs are literally made out of leather. Smoke paralyzes the cilia in your throat. When you quit smoking it will start moving again and bring all that mucous up and you'll hack your lungs up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do you design locks that allow several different keys open the entry door to the same apartment complex, but also just the door leading to one of those apartments? | [
"A modern lock have stacks of pins in them where each pin is split in two. Only if you insert the correct key will the pins will align with the cylinder and you can turn the lock. So called master key systems have some pins that is split in three. This means that there are two possible keys that match the lock as t... | [
"Your Yahoo email is like the front door of your house. You need a key to enter it. To enter specific rooms (say, a garage), you may need a separate key. Changing the key to your front door does not change the keys that fit into other locks elsewhere in your home."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How can a fully paralyzed person still move his/her eyes? | [
"I may be misinterpreting this, but if you mean someone with a spinal cord injury paralyzing their whole body including the face, then it’s because the eye muscles don’t go to the spinal cord to get instructions. they have a direct route into the motor cortex Some people with injuries deep in the brain where motor ... | [
"Technology has progressed to the point where we can actually connect the mechanisms of the machinery (in this case prosthetic parts) to the nerves in our body. Those with advanced prosthetic hands, for example, can move it the same way someone with a normal hand would."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Medical Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Medical Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do our faces look swollen or different than nornal in the morning? | [
"You generally sleep in a horizontal position, and spend your waking hours in a vertical position. Lying down allows more blood to flow to the head, giving the swollen/puffy look after waking up. Once you get up and assume a vertical position for a while, your blood pools more in your feet, returning your face to a... | [
"I don't want to alarm you but this was one of the symptoms I had before getting severely ill. Do you get quickly tired ? For example, after running for a bit ? Does your face seem a little fatter than before ? Do you cough without any apparent reason ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are my (F) nipples censored but not male nipples? | [
"I think its mainly down to the sexualisation of the female chest compared with the male chest. A topless man isn’t seen to be sexual, compared to a topless female. Its been that way for a long time, so it will probably take a long time before it equals its self out. Just my two cents though."
] | [
"Follow up question, why do I have like three times as many hairs around my left nipple than my right one?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does hitting / scraping your hand off something when it’s cold feel so much more painful than when it’s at room temperature? | [
"I think it's because there isn't as much blood in ur hands because the warmth is needed in more important organs, so there is less protection around nerves?? I'd like to know if I'm wrong though"
] | [
"It’s probably to do with the temperature relative to what it was before. If it’s warmer than it was 5 minutes ago, you’ll feel pretty warm. If it’s colder than it was 5 minutes ago, you’ll feel cold."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
How do computers get faster each year even though some processors have fewer cores and lower clock frequencies? | [
"The processors have more, smaller, and more clever things inside them that allows them to do more work per clock cycle. Compare it to the gears on your bicycle, you can use a higher gear to cover more distance per turn of the pedals. If a CPU were an engine, clock frequency alone would only tell you how high it ca... | [
"AMD is able to be so much more cheaper **than** Intel simply because Intel performs way better. AMD may have the same clock speeds as Intel in some areas, but there are a number of other important factors besides core and clock speeds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does your computer know the difference between USB-C accessories like headphones, storage etc? | [
"This [answer](_URL_0_) from a year back on a similar question explains how: > USB is more than just a connector, it's a whole set of protocols. One of the functions a USB device must support is the \"Get Descriptor\" request. The computer sends the Get Descriptor request through the USB, and the device must respon... | [
"The USB connector includes connections for power as well as for data, so that devices like mice and keyboards and storage drives and others don't need an external power source."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does shower water feel colder to your hands than it does when you get into the water fully? | [
"It is down to a \"regional\" difference in your body stick your hand in the water and your hand becomes 1 degree colder than the rest of your body, immerse your whole body in the shower and then your whole body is at the same temperature."
] | [
"Shower water cools a lot as it falls. It's not nearly as hot when it hits the bathtub as it was when it came out of the shower head. How the water was heated, electric or otherwise, would have nothing to do with it assuming it leaves the shower head at the same temperature."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does cheese stick to the spoon when you put it into hot soup? | [
"The spoon is colder than the soup, so when the melted cheese touches it it partially solidifies and grabs onto the spoon."
] | [
"It makes the proteins hard. Have you ever spilled egg on your hand and tried to wash it off with warm water? It makes it into a gel. This is the same thing that happens with anything high in protein. Like semen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does a car always turn its wheels straight when leaving the steering wheel after taking a turn? | [
"It’s due to a thing called ‘Castor angle’ in the arrangement of the front wheel hubs/suspension. It’s the same thing you see on supermarket trolley when you push it forwards, notice how the wheels all swing round to point in the same direction. The mounting point of the wheel hub assembly is forward of the ‘rotati... | [
"Because your turning wheels are only at the front of your car. As your back wheels get where they need to be while reversing you can turn your front end in. Otherwise you would need to drive onto the curb or much farther ahead to drag your back wheels into the parking space. It’s not that you can’t do it forwards ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do we get propane and other gases from the ground? | [
"We refine crude oil which contains gases in the oil(similar to carbonated beverages but less fizzy) and can undergo chemical reactions which will take bigger molecules and break them down into smaller molecules, like propane, which we then seperate out."
] | [
"It works like a normal air conditioner, the only difference is the engine used to circulate the coolant burns natural gas instead of electricity, usually more practical for large commercial spaces."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why is it that homosexuals despite being less than 5% of the general population make up more than 60% of new HIV cases? | [
"It is actually pretty easy. Anal Sex is much more likely to cause little fissures in the skin. Which leads to a much higher likeliness of having the Virus being transmitted."
] | [
"I suspect this is due to demographics. Older people tend to be conservative and are far less likely to use social networking or sites like reddit. An example of this difference might be gay marrige. 80% of people under the age of thirty think it should be legal, and that number goes up as the age approaches 18. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's the difference between ravens and crows ? After so many years, I still cannot understand the difference. | [
"The raven has an extra pinion feather, so it’s a matter of opinion (a pinion!) boom tish! I fought the mods and won! For this comment. They thought it wasn’t educational. Show some respect Reddit!"
] | [
"I don't have an answer for you and I'm very sorry, but now I'm wondering if dinosaurs did the same thing and I'm a little upset that I'll probably never know. I hope somebody answers your question! My favorite birds are hoppers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What’s the difference between an AA game and an AAA game? Is there such a thing as an A game? | [
"AAA game is just a fun/easy distinction to say its made by one of the big, usually substantially established gaming companies, generally on a large budget, and is intended to be of very high quality, and usually has a huge marketing campaign and such behind it. A AAA game should be a big deal, sorta like releasing... | [
"There are many reasons for this. Some of the most significant include: - Insane marketing budget. Ads and other forms or marketing cost a lot of money, and ensures that everyone and their grandfmother knows about the game before it is released. - Well-known actors are all over the place in the GTA V cast of charac... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is paper used to substitute plastic (such as paper bags, paper cups, paper straws etc.) if it costs our trees? Is it more eco friendly? | [
"Trees are renewable and can be harvested sustainably. Plastic comes mostly from oil products and is limited. Paper will degrade pretty rapidly in the environment where plastic does hardly at all. The last point is important, as paper will eventually give us more soil whereas plastic needs to be stuck in a hole for... | [
"It goes to a landfill where it gets compacted and buried. Eventually when the landfill is full it gets capped with dirt and rock and just left. There are a lot of ways to manage trash that result in less harm to the environment and less overall waste. They are all more expensive than landfilling though. The bigges... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do scientists know the chemical composition of extremely far away objects such as nebulas or comets? | [
"The light emitted/absorbed by certain atoms and molecules can be used as a spectroscopic fingerprint to identify them. By taking spectra of the far away stars, planets and galaxies, they can determine what the chemical composition is based on what wavelengths of light are observed."
] | [
"Not every single one, but the vast majority. Some are planets in our solar system, some are other solar system bodies like asteroids or comets, or even satellites we put up. A rare few are actually galaxies that are bright enough or near enough to be visible. Also not every star has planets, but we're learning now... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come inhaling steam doesn't flood your lungs or make you drown? | [
"When water turns from liquid to steam, it takes up about 1600× more volume. So when you inhale a lot of steam, you're only getting a drop or so of water in your lungs. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Bleach will burn the crap out of your mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach lining, etc. It will possibly make you vomit and get diarrhea as well. If it's undiluted it will kill you by basically dissolving all the tissue it comes into contact with."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do only bones show up in X-Rays? | [
"X-rays are high-energy EM waves. It takes something pretty dense to even slow them down. Your skin, fat, muscle, and other gooey bits are mostly water and not particularly dense, so x-rays fly right through and come out the other side. Your bones are made primarily of calcium, and are pretty dense. They stop the x... | [
"It works like a camera. An X-ray \"light\" shines on the object and onto a digital sensor that reacts to X-rays just like a digital camera reacts to light. X-rays go through most things so you put the object between the X-Ray source and the sensor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the UK want to separate from the EU? | [
"Because a large part of the population was fed a string of lies about how much better life would be out of the EU."
] | [
"The main reason is because of the religious background of the United States."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
In movies and TV shows that have fake pop music, where do they get the songs? | [
"Sometimes archived, sometimes a small band doing it free for exposure. Sometimes from a site, there are free royalty-free ones but even a small studio can afford the subscription only ones. As an amatuer filmaker, I also have friends that play instruments and they have made music soundtracks for me before. With ... | [
"Partly because it is thematic. If they cut into some other song, viewers might look for connections that aren't there, but if it just a version of the theme song, you know it is just setting a mood. Copyrights also come into play. Music holds a copyright separate from a movie or TV may appear in, so any new music ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Animation:"
} |
What does a metal grill do to heat? (the kind found on a cpu cooler) | [
"The metal is a good conductor of heat, and the slats give it a lot of surface area. The more surface area something has, the faster it can shed heat into a fluid (like air). So the metal pulls the heat away from the CPU, and then radiates it into the air the fan is blowing over it."
] | [
"You are making something hot. It removes the heat from inside the insulated box and dissipates it using a radiator on the back/bottom of the fridge. (if you've ever seen an older fridge that has the mesh screen on the back with the thin tube snaking through it thats the radiator)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do people with anal fissures not get bacteremia after a bowel movement? | [
"_URL_0_ They do! Seek treatment if this starts happening to you."
] | [
"They don't. They often wear a bag which collects the feces for later disposal called a colostomy bag. Losing control of your bowls is one of the problems with being paralyzed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Medical Science:"
} |
what are the responsibilites of the CEO, COO, president, VP, etc of a company | [
"Great minds think alike. I've sailed far and returned ta port with this booty. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: The difference between Chairman, President, and CEO. ](_URL_3_) ^(_5 comments_) 1. [ELI5 The differences between the C.E.O., C.O.O, the President and the owner of a c... | [
"- The Board of Directors is elected by the shareholders. They are in charge of key strategic decisions for the company - The Chairman of the Board is \"in charge\" of the board of directors. He will often lead BoD meetings and have more direct interaction with the company day to day - The Chief Executive Officer (... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do barcodes work? How is it that they can be universally read and we haven’t “run out” of options for them? | [
"You know how the barcode scanners sort of 'flicker' that laser light? That's because it's rapidly switching from emitting laser light to 'looking for' laser light. The quick flash of light reflects off the upc code and it sees the width of the white space, broken up by the black bars. This translates into a code o... | [
"No. Traditional barcodes are just a number, a database is needed to link that number to a product or object. Eventually you'll run out of numbers and need to reuse some or make your code longer, which can break compatibility with old systems. QR codes are different, they actually *store* information. The scanning ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do crabs, or any crustacean in fact, breathe on both land and in water. | [
"Not all crustaceans are capable of doing this. Some are exclusively aquatic, some are exclusively terrestrial, and some can be on both land and in water with different degrees of comfort in either place. For land crustaceans or crustaceans that can live in both land and water, the key is keeping their gills wet. A... | [
"From a biological perspective, a tortoise is a kind of a turtle, but not all turtles are tortoises. Tortoises occupy their own taxonomic family, called testudinidae. All types of land and aquatic turtles come in a wide range of sizes, colors and shapes. Sometimes, the name \"terrapin\" is used to refer to an anima... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do you get a lingering cough after catching a cold? What causes this lingering cough? | [
"Depends on the type of cough. Sometimes what sounds like a wet chesty cough is actually mucus from your sinuses draining down your throat. Called a ‘Post Nasal Drip’ and the cough is a reaction trying to prevent it entering your lungs. Using a sinus rinse can help to clear your mucus and reduce such a cough. If i... | [
"What symptoms are you talking about? Many things can cause symptoms similar to a chest cold. Allergies, dry air, dusty environments etc"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Medical:"
} |
Why are subsequent sneezes generally easier to release than the first one? | [
"The first sneeze pushes your body above the activation energy for a sneeze chain reaction. Then you build up sneeze momentum, and you'll continue to sneeze until it's stopped by an equal and opposite force, your need to breathe. It's science. But in reality, I think it's because whatever triggered the first sneez... | [
"To sneeze, your nerves need a certain amount of stimulus. You can get to a point where the need to sneeze is almost triggered. If you notice, you usually move and then freeze in preparation of the sneeze. There is chance that these two actions relieve what is stimulating you need to sneeze, so the sensation relax... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
Why can't we share memory cells with each other, like a library of immunity? | [
"Immune cells in your body are trained to react to molecules situated on the cell wall of other cells. Every kind of cell, either yours or foreign, has certain molecules, usually glycoproteins, protruding from their wall. These are called antigens. The immune cells in your body are trained to react only to antigen... | [
"In theory, yes. That is the price we pay. We trust the service to not access our private key."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why does the video quality decline when a video is reposted over and over again. | [
"Video compression is lossy, meaning data is permanently lost. Presumably in the cases you are talking about, the video is decoded and then recompressed using the hosting website's algorithm of choice. Doing this will cause more data to be lost, as the compression doesn't \"remember\" the previous compression algor... | [
"Because downloading videos uses a lot of bandwidth and youtube would rather you didn't download an entire video that you're not actually going to watch so they only buffer a certain amount at a time and stream the download as you're playing the video. There are steps you can take to disable this but its not a simp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How can data be recovered from hard drives even after multiple wipes? From my understanding when you wipe a drive you're resetting all the ones and zeros so do drives somehow remember their old data? | [
"If you overwrite the disk once, nothing remains. If you just format the drive, all it does is overwrite the beginning of the drive, which tells operating system what file system is being used, where them files at etc. All the files and their data is still there, but the index that described where to find them is l... | [
"No where actually, all the data is still on your hard drive. Your computer has just marked that files spot as usable space, eventually it'll get overwritten. There are special programs that can fully erase a file by writing a bunch of zeroes over it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are mercury and lead toxic while gold isn't? | [
"Metals like lead and mercury are toxic because of their ability to make bonds similar to other elements that the body uses, like calcium for example. Your body doesn't know the difference between elements except for what bonds it can make, so it will put these metals instead of the elements that are supposed to be... | [
"Partly because it's relatively rare. Partly because, compared to other metals like iron and copper, it doesn't oxidize as much."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Economics:"
} |
Why do our voices get raspy and have the distinct "i just woke up voice' | [
"I recently took part in a voice workshop and the teacher said it is because your muscles tense up especially if you are stressed and when you just woke up they are still relaxed. She recommended to make a \"stupid face\" by relaxing muscles especially in and around the face. I hope I remember this accurately and c... | [
"I can't speak for all female smokers, but I developed a deep smoky voice a few years ago. It started with a throat infection after a cold. I continued smoking (and partying, I was quite depressed ) even though my voice hadn't recovered. A few months later my voice was still quite raspy and I went to the doc. He sa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does an audio file consist of? | [
"Sound is pressure waves. A microphone detects the pressure changes and outputs electrical currents depending on how much the pressure changes. A sound card will detect the voltages that the microphone creates on the wire. It does this by periodically \"sample\" the signal and converts the voltage reading into a bi... | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about finance:"
} |
What actually happens when your ear starts ringing randomly like "someone is tuning into it"? | [
"Wait what, this is normal? I thought my tinnitus was getting worse."
] | [
"I have tinnitus. The easiest way to describe it is a very high pitches “eeeee.” Think movies where someone survives an explosion, or those mosquito noise apps on your phone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does multilevel marketing actually work? | [
"Let’s say you are under me and I keep 20% of your profits. You buy a product from me for $10, and sell it for $15 to someone under you. I get $3 because I keep 20% of your profit. Now the person you sold it for $15 to sells it for $20, you get $4 from that person. And the chain continues. (Basically, it’s a bit mo... | [
"Multi-level marketing is what it stands for. I’m not very familiar with them but I know they can essentially be a pyramid scheme."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Finance:"
} |
Why do cookies that start out as cubes become round when they are baked? | [
"As it bakes, the cookie flattens and expands in all other directions more-or-less equally. Because it's basically melting rather than growing, it expands from the center of mass and not from the edges. & #x200B; Note, this only works with cookies that start out relatively thick and have a good amount of fat. If y... | [
"They do melt in the cookie, but the density of the dough around them prevents the fluid chocolate from spreading out. When the cookie cools and hardens the chocolate becomes a 'chip' again. This is why when you eat a chocolate chip cookie when it is freshly baked, the chocolate is gooey and warm. It is already mel... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
My high school physics teacher couldn't explain it to my comprehension level. | [
"The air in the cabin is contained, thus the air behind the fly is pushing it forward (relative to the motion of vehicle). The fly is merely flying, business as usual, in the contained pocket of air."
] | [
"When you take a complex topic or a question with no easy, simple, one-size-fits-all answer and distill it into straightforward language so that a five-year-old could theoretically understand it. Einstein said the mark of understanding a topic is if you can explain it to someone else and they understand it, too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why do fingers wrinkle in water? | [
"better grip. it came from our ancestors when they were fishing so they could grip better underwater."
] | [
"> ELI5: Why do the nails on my ring fingers grow faster than the other nails? You're weird Just kidding. Most of it has to do with blood circulation. Some people's fingernails grow at different rates. Some people find that different fingernails on one hand grow at different rates . Some people find that their fi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did/do U.S. War bonds work? | [
"Essentially, the government is asking you to give them hard cash in exchange for an IOU that they'll pay back with some interest X years down the road."
] | [
"Follow up, if this warrant a new post please tell me: How did politicians and the general public react when they found out these companies were aiding Nazi forces in WW2?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is the American Federal Reserves and how does it work? | [
"It’s a private bank which buys US bonds in exchange for US dollars. At times it will buy corporate assets as well."
] | [
"\"How do we owe ourselves money and what would happen if we just chose not to pay ourselves?\" Technically we do not owe ourselves. The Federal Reserve does have the name Federal in its title, but is not associated directly with the US Government. The Federal Reserve is a privately run with a board of Governors. W... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do Diet sodas have 0 calories? | [
"By containing none, or nearly none, of any chemicals we can digest for energy. You take out all the sugar. Add non-sugar sweeteners like aspartame or sucralose or one of several more. These still, *technically*, contain calories, but something like three or four calories per serving is such a small amount it's **l... | [
"Coca Cola uses lots of sugar, and hence has lots of calories Diet Coke replaces the sugar with sweeteners such as aspartame, which are calorie-free. Therefore the drink is calorie-free. (It actually has a couple of calories, but it's so low that the rules allow these calories to be ignored.) Some people think aspa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
If a person's lung size cannot increase, how does exercise serve to improve lung function? | [
"While the size of your lung cannot increase, both the coordination of your inspiratory/expiratory muscles as well as oxygen ventilation/perfusion efficiency can."
] | [
"A few things can happen, after a long time your lungs can increase in volume (albeit not by much) and your diaphragm can become stronger and more controlled (the muscle that allows you to breath). However the biggest change is in lowering your heart rate (the rate at which your body burns oxygen) and increasing yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Health and Fitness:"
} |
Why is it necessary for artificial sweeteners to be hundreds upon hundreds of times more sweet than sucrose? | [
"It isn't \"necessary\" per se but it is useful. For example if you have a sweetener which is 1000 times sweeter than sugar then you can get the same flavor by using only one thousandth as much of the sweetener than sugar. That means even if the sweetener has calories you can drop it to basically nothing while keep... | [
"Artificial sweeteners are typically *much* sweeter than sugar (like 30 times to 100 times sweeter). This means you can use much less of them to sweeten a drink. You can use so little, in some cases, that the calories in the drink fall below 1 calorie. At that point, drink manufacturers can list the drink as having... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does down syndrome have a "look"? | [
"Down syndrome is caused by a particular genetic defect, an extra copy of chromosome 21. People with this defect look similar in the same way that people from the same family look similar; they have similar genetic features."
] | [
"Only 0.1 percent of the world's population have down syndrome. White is the most common demographic (in most western countries). The reason why you never see a black or Asian with down syndrome is because there are simply less people total to get the condition."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does gravity affect sound? | [
"Different atmospheric pressures affect the way sound is produced and the speed it travels (higher speeds in denser atmospheres), but gravity doesn't particularly directly affect sound. The only exception I can think of would be exceptionally strong gravity gradients (think star / possibly neutron star) to the poi... | [
"Alcohol changing the density of the liquid in your inner ear."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What determines the strength of someones vocal chords, e.g. how loud they are? | [
"Loudness comes much more from breathing than from your vocal chords. The more air you can push past them, the louder you can be. Vocal coaches will tell you to practice breathing from the diaphragm which isn't as easy or natural as it may seem. There are tons of videos on YouTube demonstrating this. Basically try... | [
"I think I have the answer. When you are singing out of your falsetto, you are not using your diaphram as much as normal. This is also the reason why non vocally trained peoples voices crack when switching from falsetto to normal. There is a term that some singers use called chest and head voice. Your head voice is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health and Wellness:"
} |
how come the handle of a steel pan doesn't get hot when it is on the stove? | [
"It is not positioned in direct contact with the heat source. However, the heat will eventually be transmitted to all parts of the metal body, so it will slowly heat up"
] | [
"Its really just a few people that do it. Nickel has a melting point of 2651°F. Steel has a melting point of 2800°F, so really, I think the guy who started the RHNB videos just had a big nickel ball and decided to see what happens when you put a red hot nickel ball onto things. Pretty much, any metal object (that h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does milk go so well with eating baked goods? (Cookies, pie, cake, etc.) | [
"Because your body LOVES sugars (because survival) and fats (like whats in the milk and the butter used to make the pastry)"
] | [
"From what I understand, breakfast food is usually very easy and quick to prepare, but still has a lot of energy (eggs, pancakes, toast, cured meats like bacon and ham). dinner foods take longer to prepare, but they are so damn tasty (think pot roast, mashed potatoes, soups, etc.)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Food Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Food Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does everyone have unique handwriting? | [
"Boring answer, but it's because people do what they want to do. Writing is the way to record necessary or desired information and does not have to be uniform, just recognizable. So, when learning, people decide what level and type of recognizable works according to their skill level, and that becomes their unique ... | [
"Why do you have so many lips and chins?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
How does a symmetric matrix has real eigen values and their vectors are orthogonal? if possible explain in geometrical way | [
"Can someone explain the question to me like I'm five?"
] | [
"Assuming you're an exceptionally well-read 5 year old and you already know about matrices, I'll jump straight in. Normally, a square matrix can transform a vector into another vector of the same dimension. However, there are some vectors where the direction doesn't change, these are eigenvectors. The definition o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is the sky red at night? | [
"It’s light from your city reflecting off clouds. This can happen even in smaller towns, but it’s more obvious in cities since there’s more light."
] | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do mirrors work and why are they different from just a normal piece of glass. | [
"Mirrors these days tend to just be a piece of glass with a very thin layer of aluminum plated onto the back. Being on the back prevents it from oxidizing to become dull or being damaged by wear. Because it is so flat the resulting reflection is very clear."
] | [
"There is a glass pane covering over the actual reflective surface. What you are seeing is the side of the sticker that is on the glass. However, because the glass is thick, there is distance between the sticker and the reflective surface, so you can see the back through the glass. Did that answer your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Physics:"
} |
When the tide goes out, where does the water go? | [
"Yes, it’s high tide somewhere else. Imagine a full bathtub, now swoosh the water from right to left. As the water rises on the left side of the tub, the water lowers on the right side. Then as the water moves back to the right side, the water level rises on the right side and lowers on the left. There is always th... | [
"Someone told them what the answer is supposed to be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Environment:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Environment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Technology:"
} |
Why are the orbits of planets and moons elliptical? I don’t understand how they don’t either spiral inwards and collide with their planets/star or sort of sling shot out of orbit. | [
"While everyone is answering how orbits work, the real answer to your question is: because universe and Galaxy are old. Those objects that did spiral inwards already did so millions of years ago. Those objects that sling out did so millions of years ago. What you're observing today at Universe age 13.8 billion yea... | [
"A good illustration of the 3 body problem is how the moon rotates around the earth, and the earth rotates around the sun, where the moon is gravitationally impacted by both bodies. Another example might be two stars that rotate around each other, with a planet in the solar system. Some solutions are fairly stable,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
with the big pharma companies colluding on increasing the price of medicine like insulin, what prevents a billionaire philanthropist to get into the game and undercut the price? | [
"Nothing prevents a billionaire from giving away his/her money. Currently Bill Gates is giving away a fortune to prevent or cure malaria."
] | [
"They told you it is for PR. Drugs are an interesting combination of extremely high development costs and low production costs. Each dose might be pennies to make but the drug itself cost billions to come up with. So what they can do is give it away to those who can't pay for it, and talk about all the people they ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why does it burn when rubbing alcohol/other treatments are put on a wound? | [
"Rubbing alcohol is poisonous and doesn't have much water in it. It's also made of very different stuff than you are. So when you put rubbing alcohol on a cut, the flesh around the cut panics because it's: * getting poisoned * having all its water stolen * touching something that definitely shouldn't be inside your... | [
"I think it’s because the acne is caused by bacteria- and the cut isn’t. So, it’s an infection whereas the cut isn’t infected and should just heal from being cut.(unless it gets infected). The acne lesions on our face also are in contact with sweat, dirt, oil and bacteria on our fingers, where on other parts of our... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people who are single have to pay higher taxes? In 2019, shouldnt this be considered discrimination or some sort? | [
"Yes, it is discrimination. Many forms of discrimination are legal, and this is one. Government is free to identify kinds of behavior it wants to reward, and then do so with a tax break or other incentive."
] | [
"All the federal taxes will be the same for everyone. No taxing one place or group more just because of who they are. That's how I understand it, anyway. Could be wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do pee bubbles in the toilet hang around for hours while most other bubbles in liquids dissipate pretty quickly? | [
"While I don't have a complete answer, pee bubbles that hang around THAT long could indicate sth's wrong with your kidneys. If it gets better when you drink more water than probably it's ok. If it persist over a long period of time than you might want to pay your doctor a visit."
] | [
"I believe it's air bubbles trapped in the water. Hot water is able to keep them in solution for longer than cold water, which is why you can see it. If you let the water sit for a bit, you can actually watch the air bubbles rising to the top, it's kind of cool."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do teeth have nerves? Is there a greater reason then just making your day a living nightmare? | [
"Infected teeth can kill you as the infection can easily make it into your blood stream and to the rest of your body. It's best that you're well motivated to fix them. This is just as true today as it was for primitive man, and probably more important, since we eat so much more sugar now."
] | [
"Because animals don't eat Twinkies, and wash that down with a vanilla milkshake. Quite simple. If you eat things that are bad for your teeth, you have to take better care of your teeth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Dentistry:"
} |
What is the difference between slander, libel and defamation? | [
"Defamation is when you make a false statement to a third party that damages the reputation of the targeted party. I stress the third party because it is not defamation if you make a false claim to the person directly; it has to be directed to somebody else. Slander and libel are both forms of defamation. Slander ... | [
"Treason as defined in the US Constitution > Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do large earthquakes appear on subduction zones? | [
"In a subduction zone there is one tectonic plate sliding under another tectonic plate. So there is a large area where the plates are being pushed against each other due to the weight of the top plate but the plates slide under this enormous pressure. You can simulate this by laying a lot of weight on your hand res... | [
"As plates try to shift, the plate becomes locked as rocks on one side catch on rocks on the other side. The plate bends as the forces build up and the catch point gives, and you get an earthquake. This shifts load to other catch points, that might then give - these are aftershocks. These quakes release the tensio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does psychosis develop and affect the mind of the person? | [
"We really don't know, but as to a \"healthy\" mind switching the way it perceives the world quickly, just look at how psychedelic drugs are able to affect the mind (and other hallucinogens that act on totally different brain systems). Ultimately our brain is complex and generally does a good job of staying \"norma... | [
"Maybe because we know so little about it and even less about how to deal with those with mental illness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are all the planets in the solar system on the same "plane"? | [
"The planets form out of a dust cloud that orbits the sun. This cloud will quickly form a disc shape due to the circular motion of the orbit. So the planets are likely to form roughly perpendicular to the equator of the sun. & #x200B;"
] | [
"Not necessarily. But most of the larger ones do. Because that's just where all the mass goes. The same reason the sun is in the middle of the solar system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do languages with a different number of characters share the same computer keyboards? | [
"They don't. A lot of languages use their own keyboards. German keyboards for example are layed out qwertz instead of qwerty and include the letter ö, ü, and ä. France uses an azerty layout with their special characters (various accents). However, because most languages use the Latin alphabet, it's possible to writ... | [
"The same way you know if your looking at English, compared to Spanish or German. There are certain nuances in the code. From syntax formatting (the way it's written), to variable declarations, to a dead give away the file extensions. Many programming languages must be typed a certain way for the compiler to work."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do our cheap electronic clocks automatically change time when it’s spring forward? | [
"Did it automatically set its time? There are radio stations that broadcast the time is a format that can be easily deciphered by electronics. This allows clocks to automatically set the time and change to DST."
] | [
"They have an internal clock, a lot like a wristwatch. It keeps track of the time. There's even a small battery on the motherboard to keep track when the computer is unplugged."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Are the historical events of the American Civil War really taught differently in the American South than they are in the American North? In what ways? Why is it referred to as the War of Northern Aggression? | [
"> **Why is it referred to as the War of Northern Aggression?** The popular view among (white) Southerners is that their ancestors were fighting against an oppressive federal government that wanted to take away their state's rights. This view took hold because of the [Lost Cause](_URL_0_) movement that began in the... | [
"There really isn't any convention. In fact many wars go by different names in different countries. For example in Russia what I call WWII is called The Great Patriotic War. What I learned about as The French and Indian War is simply the North American part of the Seven Years War in England. Although, even having ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do the TV shows produced by local stations on a budget look so terrible, while those produced by HBO/Netflix/etc look so good? How exactly does the extra budget money make them look so much better? | [
"It funds better lighting, and cinematography instead of just video recording. Using much more expensive cameras and knowing what you are doing produces vastly better results than a local station can afford for Good Morning {Name of Town}."
] | [
"Game shows are actually among the cheapest shows to make. No actors, no writers, no special effects, just a single set that never changes, some D-list celebrity to host and a wannabe starlet to gesture at things. They don't even have rehearsals, everything is in one take and bang out a week's worth of episodes in ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
why does snow create more potholes than erosion by rain? | [
"Water expands when frozen by 9%. So when it’s cold enough for there to be snow, water seeps through existing cracks, freezes and expands, loosening road material and creating potholes."
] | [
"Student Civil Engineer here. To put it as if you are actually 5. Imagine there is a road, now underneath that road there is soil. Over time water can erode (takes away) bits of soil. Over a period of time there is now no more soil under the road since the water has eroded it and there is just a big hole. Eventuall... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is there a name for the system of numbers used in computing and why is it used? | [
"A pixel is the smallest unit of an image a computer can show. They are generally rectangles with a color. The measurements you are referring to are how many pixels the screen/image has. More pixels can show more detail as the size of each pixel decreases in a given area."
] | [
"Language is variable and it's impossible to say which is the best. Mathematics is the same in every culture, so the same system can be used. As it is, the Arabs invented a very efficient numbering system and so everyone adopted it for the most part."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If marbling of the meat determines its quality, why do people trim off the fat? | [
"A large fat cap will add nothingness to your meat. It’s just gonna render and drop off at best. However the fat in the meat will render and add to the juicyness. Brisket is a good example. The meat in the point is super fatty and it’s gets absolutely delicious and juicy. But the 1 inch think fatcap on top of the b... | [
"They leave the meat hanging off the ground and let all the moisture come out. The meat does go bad and mouldy on the outside, but the pieces of meat that they age are so thick that it's still good on the inside, so they just cut off the outer layers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How did the concept of weeks come about? | [
"A week is one quarter of a moon cycle (new/first quarter/full/last quarter). In ancient times everyone could look up at the night sky and see the moon. If you wanted to meet someone you could say things like “meet at the waterfall the day after the first quarter moon.”"
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Birds, insects, and other small animals can maneuver to avoid obstacles incredibly fast. How? | [
"We don't know for sure what is different about the brains, but it's *something*. [This article](_URL_0_) summarizes a relevant experiment well. Essentially, they used animals reactions to flashing lights to draw conclusions about their perception of time. In general, smaller animals with higher metabolic rates per... | [
"There is no evidence that flies or small insects possess the capability to be frightened. Many insects also contend with predators much bigger than them for the majority of their extremely short lives."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Entomology:"
} |
Why is there only one species of humans today, whereas most animals have multiple species? | [
"Technically, we do have plenty of close cousins. Look at the animal kingdom of all non-extinct primates. We share some 96% of our DNA with chimpanzees. The Russians, after WWII, were rumored to have tried to breed humans and chimps, like you would breed hybrids of horses and donkeys to get mules, but this might ha... | [
"What do you mean by \"all species?\" There are millions of species, and most don't play with balls."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do people snore and why doesn’t their snore wake them up no matter how loud it is | [
"Well, first off, some people can wake themselves up with their own snoring. Both my dad and I have done it. Basically the reason most people can sleep with it is because it's consistent enough and your body expects the noise (similar to how you can't tickle yourself because your brain expects it), so it doesn't wa... | [
"Sneezing is your body trying to clear your upper airways of debris and other stuff that shouldn't be in there. As for different sounds, I would assume that it has to do with air rushing over our vocal cords. And since we have different vocal cords and voices, our sneezes would sound different too. (This is just an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why don’t we just dispose of nuclear waste in space? | [
"Because if that rocket malfunctions, you now have nuclear waste spread out over a potentially huge area. It’s less risky to store it on earth."
] | [
"Yes is theoretically possible. Build safe nuclear plants and renewable energy supplies. Convert everyone to electric powered cars. Stop building war machines. Disband all armies. Put them to work building infrastructure. It will not happen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it that things such as Centrifugal Force are obviously real and can be felt in normal everyday life, but yet isn’t classified as a real force in Physics? | [
"To be considered a force, there has to be something applying said force. Think of being in a car going fast around a turn. You feel yourself being pushed outward towards the door, and attribute that to a centrifugal force. The thing is, there isn't a force actively pushing you outward. Your momentum from the car i... | [
"For the same reason we take the Theory of Gravity as fact. It's supported by so much evidence that it's just accepted. Now, as far as specifics and mechanisms by which it occurs is still debated and tweaked over time, but the base concept is solid enough that people take it as truth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why won't the vacuum cleaner noise make me go deaf but listening to high volume music (which I CAN'T HEAR over the vacuum cleaner noise) through earphones will? | [
"If the vacuum cleaner noise is that loud it does have the chance to damage you hearing such that you go deaf. So I am not sure what you are basing you assumption on."
] | [
"Helps me sleep because in a silent room, my tinnitus is deafening. Try sleeping with a loud ringing that you can't dig out with an icepick."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How come so many species of animals have a 1:1 ratio between male and female? | [
"[Fisher's principle](_URL_0_). > - Suppose male births are less common than female. > - A newborn male then has better mating prospects than a newborn female, and therefore can expect to have more offspring. > - Therefore parents genetically disposed to produce males tend to have more than average numbers of gr... | [
"The 3rd gene that they have on the 21st chromosome suppresses many genes that allow for faces to be varied, and end up looking mostly the same as a result."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Medical:"
} |
Why does light that is too bright make your eyes hurt? | [
"Increasing Light intensity actually hurts your eyes which is what your iris is for. It contracts to reduce the light intensity on your retina but there reaches a point where your iris can’t contract further and any more increase in light intensity might damage your retina which stimulates a nerve response in your ... | [
"Think about it like a magnifying lens in the sun. Focus the sun with it on a piece of paper and you burn it. But if you turn the glass a bit, the sun isn't focused and won't really burn, but might get warm. Same thing with your eyes. Staring at the sun causes it to focus on the back of your eye and, well, the back... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Physics:"
} |
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