query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why is pain amplified when the temperature is lower? | [
"The nervous system has a threshold for pain. If someone brushes your skin, that contact doesn't come even close to the threshold over which your nervous system decides that something hurts. So basically, things hurt more when it's cold because the cold external temperature is already stressing your nerves. Feeling... | [
"Blood is rushed to those areas for repair thus causing the feeling of more heat in a specific piece of your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Do my eyes have a frame rate? | [
"The choppyness you see is your eve moving in discrete steps. Your eye can move continuously when tracking an object, but generally moves in steps other times. Your eye does have limits on how fast it can process information, nerves can't fire constantly, but it's pretty high. Your eyes also average what you see ov... | [
"And why does my beard stop at a certain length?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What causes the static that can be observed in clothes that have just been removed from the dryer? | [
"As far as I know it's the friction from the clothes rubbing against eachother. Kinda like when you rub a balloon on your hair and it can cling to the wall from the extra electrons (IIRC from science class in elementary)."
] | [
"The water absorbs and then transfers heat much better than the air within the towel. It also holds onto that heat much longer. This is why hot water on a towel stays hotter than a towel fresh out of the dryer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why did the Hubble telescope have to be in orbit to work? | [
"Mainly for eliminating the negative effects of the atmosphere. As a telescope is just a collector for light, every distortion to it through an atmosphere is going to negatively impact image quality. Because when light, which is a wave, hits the atmosphere, it's scattered (the reason the sky is blue is due to atmos... | [
"Through exposure. Put a camera in a dark room and take a long exposure picture. They do the same thing for seeing things far away in space. The reason it takes satellites so long to get a picture is because they have been taking a long exposure shot the entire time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about astronomy:"
} |
Why are animals not ashamed of nakedness but humans are? | [
"It is learned behavior. Humans are not born ashamed of nakedness, but we are taught it by our parents and other adults. I don't think there is a single objective answer about why shame of nudity is common in human cultures, but it does vary wildly from culture to culture (e.g. most cultures do not see exposed brea... | [
"Because animals don't have the same rights as people; they're property."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
public WiFi, HTTPS, sensitive info | [
"Don't trust that public wifi has no one looking in. Information sent should be considered public knowledge, as anyone can see it. HTTPS encrypts the data before your browser sends it, which is decrypted only by the server and vice versa. On public wifi, people could still see the traffic but couldn't make sense of... | [
"I found this very useful in understanding it: _URL_4_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why Can't We Replace Exercise With Lactic Acid Injection? | [
"Lactic acid isn't what is breaking your muscles down, the exercise is. Lactic acid is your body's way of saying, \"Hey I don't have enough oxygen to run this muscle!\" So injecting lactic acid into someone would basically just make it so they felt spent when they haven't even exercised. Lactic acid is just the byp... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What causes an airplane to violently drop while flying in good weather? Why can't we detect it? | [
"It's called \"clear air turbulence\". Pressure changes or the shape of the ground can cause wing shears. Alas, air that is clear can be involved. We can only see clouds."
] | [
"They can try to fly around it or change altitudes to fly below or above it, but that's not always possible if the airspace is crowded or the area of the turbulence is too large to avoid. Otherwise, they just fly thought it. Turbulence isn't a danger to the plane so avoiding it is for passenger comfort; avoid it if... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is human bio-engineering prohibited? | [
"I'm pasting a comment I wrote a few days ago: > Ethics is a big consideration, because we're talking about changing something fundamental to a person, before they're even born. > We're also a very long way from knowing everything we need to know about human genes. I mean, yeast has only ~6000 genes, and they're ... | [
"Ethics is a complex subject with few, if any, definite answers. That said, I don't believe most ethical standards WOULD agree that cloning near-extinction animals is unethical. From what do you base the statement that cloning near-extinction animals is unethical?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is chocolate that you melt and then let solidify again less shiny than the original bar? | [
"Chocolate is formed using rigidly controlled temperatures, called tempering. This forms a uniform crystalline structure out of the fat molecules, resulting in the texture and shine we all know and love. That crystalline structure is a bit tetchy, so melting it will change it enough that it's no longer shiny. Here'... | [
"They do melt in the cookie, but the density of the dough around them prevents the fluid chocolate from spreading out. When the cookie cools and hardens the chocolate becomes a 'chip' again. This is why when you eat a chocolate chip cookie when it is freshly baked, the chocolate is gooey and warm. It is already mel... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do snakes shed their skin? | [
"The reason shedding skin is advantageous in their evolution is many-fold: 1. Their skin - like ours - can't grow other than through creating new cells. So...they shed it to make way for new skin that fits their growing body. 2. skin is the \"outer layer\" - it gets hurt/damaged etc. by shedding it you get a fresh ... | [
"The shell is made up of panel-like things called scutes. With most types of turtles, these scutes shed periodically to allow bigger scutes to form. They are made out of keratin - same as human hair & nails. Source: I’m a turtle fan."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do photographs of screens look like they’re “moving” when you zoom into them? | [
"> Photographs of a [TV](_URL_1_) screen taken with a [digital camera](_URL_0_) often exhibit moiré patterns. Since both the TV screen and the digital camera use a scanning technique to produce or to capture pictures with horizontal scan lines, the conflicting sets of lines cause the moiré patterns. To avoid the ef... | [
"There's a sensor in the camera (used to be film) that's sensitive to light. When you take a picture, the camera shutters open and close quickly, so that the sensor captures a very short moment (less than a tenth of a second). But if you want to work in low light, you can let the shutters open for a much longer tim... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's the Wall of Sound and how do you use it in songs? | [
"It's technique used (or started) by Phil Spector that created an aesthetic that listeners regarded as having \"lots and lots of sound\". This is typically a sense of richness and fullness. It combines a few things: 1. consideration for the playback devices of the era. 2. voicing and instrumentation of the music it... | [
"I've never seen anything that sounds like this. 1. Where are you located? 2. Can you post a picture?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are some gas cylinders filled with other materials? | [
"That gas is explosive if above 15 psi. Obviously there's more than 15 psi in the tank so they dissolve the gas in acetone and use the pumice like stone to absorb the liquid to keep the tank from spontaneously turning itself into a bomb."
] | [
"The gas itself is odorless, the smell is added to aid leak detection. Both the gas and the additives are converted to odorless combustion products when the gas is burned."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is the internet possible? | [
"There was a framework in place for a computer-based communications system capable of service in the event of catastrophe. When the technological need for the system ceased, a few politicians saw that there was value in preserving what was then dubbed the \"information superhighway.\" They were able to get funding ... | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
difference of measles, mumps, rubella, vs chicken pox. Why isn’t chickenpox (or the others) on the rise like measles? | [
"Chickenpox has always been around and I was never vaccinated for it in the UK (not by choice it just wasn't done at the time). I've had chickenpox 3 times and this could well be 3 different stains so it may be that there are still enough cases around and you just don't hear about them, chickenpox while uncomfortab... | [
"The difference is that chickenpox is the virus acting on the skin, traveling thoth the blood, while shingles is the virusting on the nerves. As far as I know, shingles doesn't occur on a first infection of the virus. It only pops up on subsequent reactivations."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Medical:"
} |
What makes a beer belly how it is, round and hard? What makes it different from a normal stomach or a soft(fat) stomach? | [
"Heavy drinkers can damage their liver, which in turn can cause a condition called ascites where your [abdomen fills up with fluid](_URL_0_), and will eventually get round and hard like an overfilled water balloon. The treatment is literally to poke a needle into their belly and drain out the extra fluid, after whi... | [
"Visceral fat is the fat they accumulates inside your body between your organs. Subcutaneous fat is the fat that's under your skin. As your visceral fat increases, it can start pushing on your vital organs and possibility damage and or impair them. You ever see a guy with scrawny legs and arms, and a big ol' pot be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Post injury, why lower inflammation/swelling if thats the body trying to heal you? | [
"The body's immune system is far from perfect. You are correct that the swelling and inflammation is part of a very useful and successful physiological process of the body healing itself. But those artifacts themselves can cause new damage and certainly pain and mobility limitations by pressing on surrounding areas... | [
"The cooling is for your comfort, it will heal just fine either way. The inflammation isn't really that helpful for a sunburn but it might aid in things like infection. Your body doesn't really know what happened though, it just evolved certain responses and inflammation with a sunburn doesn't hurt your odds of rep... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do streamed movies and shows tend to buffer and stop a lot more than other types of videos | [
"Movies and shows are expected to be of a certain quality. User videos like those on YouTube don't need to be the same quality so they can be compressed more. This means that there is less data that needs to be transferred per second. & #x200B; The more data per second that is needed the easier it is for the data ... | [
"The person doing the streaming has their tv hooked up to their computer, or possibly the computer is hooked directly to the cable line using a tv capture card (you can easily buy one online or at a store that sells computer parts). They use whatever software the streaming website requires to upload the video. The ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What determines whether a body accepts or rejects a transplanted organ? | [
"All cells in your body have things on their surface that your body can recognise called antigens. Different cell types have different antigens. The same cell types from different people have variability in their antigens. Your immune system recognises these antigens, and that is why it (usually) doesn't attack you... | [
"There's a theory that it happens as a reaction from the removal of heat from the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Healthcare:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Healthcare:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
-What is it exactly that separates us from other animals/species in terms of how much more intelligent we are than them. | [
"There's no clear line. We are more intelligent than other species, that's the consensus. However, other species also have traits that we consider intelligent, like problem solving, self-awareness and utilization of tools Crows (I love these little bastards), for an animal with a brain so small display [impressive ... | [
"This might be a philosophical question but doesn't self-awareness infer that the animal in question is conscious? In other words, would \"i think therefore i am\" apply to these self aware animal? If so, would these animals have souls from a religious standpoint?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
The plot of Neil Breen's Double Down. | [
"Neil Breen is the best at everything. He is a former super cyber special forces chemical warfare expert commando haunted by the memories of his dead wife which drives him on his quest to transform America and get rid of the bad people who are secretly in control who were responsible for nearly killing Neil Breen u... | [
"The creator of the typeface names it whatever they want."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does microwaving food (especially bread) make it almost rubbery? | [
"Heating up bread in the microwave causes the sugar and gluten in the bread to melt, making it chewy and moist. The reason microwaves do this to a greater extent than other heating methods is that microwaves pass easily through bread, which is mostly air."
] | [
"Milk has fat which slows down how much it absorbs into the cereal. If you leave cereal in milk long enough it will get gross soggy and non-fat milk gets gross soggy at the same rate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does spinnin make you dizzy. | [
"there's a liddle tube of balance juice in your ears that's responsible for making you good at walking and not falling on everything. When you do spin-spin, the balance juice gets thrown around, giving you the dizzy-effect until the juice settles back down"
] | [
"So you dont choke on your own vomit. Anesthesia is nauseating."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do some last names have apostrophes? | [
"It's usually a contraction - \"Of Brien\" \"of Hara\", etc. Back in the day when people only really had first names, as the population grew they needed a way to differentiate, so they named people based off of where they were from (thus the 'of') part."
] | [
"He actually went by different names when he did business in different countries, to fit in better. It's like how some immigrants \"Americanize\" their names."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does radio reception sometimes increase when we stand next to a radio or touch the antenna? | [
"Your body reacts to electromagnetic radiation (which includes radio). FM just happens to have frequencies near the resonant frequency of the human body. So your body acts like a tuned antenna for some stations."
] | [
"A piece of wire can be used as a radio antenna, as a conductive material can pick up the electromagnetic radiation that makes up radio waves. Your car radio, for example, has an antenna that picks up electromagnetic waves, and the tuner in the radio isolates which frequency to isolate. From there, the received sig... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the other "side" of the rearview mirror prevent glare? | [
"The mirror has an odd shape called a prism, so that when you tilt it, the reflection off the surface of the glass is more noticeable than the reflection off the mirror surface under the glass. A mirror has a shiny coating on the back of the glass to make the bright reflection. Any flat glass will show a weak refle... | [
"They don't. That's just where you notice them because that's where your eyes and ears are. It's a classic case of confirmation bias."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When you eat citrus or anything that strips away the enamel on teeth, your teeth get sensitive. I learned that enamel does not grow back, so how is it that over time your teeth are no longer sensitive? | [
"Your teeth are filled with these tube like canals, when those canals are open your teeth are sensitive but over time those canals close (or with the help of sensitivity toothpastes they close) no longer causing the sensitivity"
] | [
"During the night, our saliva secretions decrease a vast amount, and because saliva is what rinses out our mouth, we can get more \"crap\" in our teeth that we need to clean out in the morning. At night, we need to get rid of anything in our mouth, since saliva production will be decreased during the night, and so ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If you have cancer in your liver, why can't you cut that part off? | [
"You could, but the liver can regenerate to a certain degree, and besides that the cancer could have moved (the medical term is *metastasize*) to another place in the body."
] | [
"Go to the doctor right away. The appendix will grow and grow until it bursts, and you develop a severe immune response. There is not enough blood penetration to the appendix, and it is filled with so much crap that you would need to manually clean it out. That's a lot harder than just taking it out, and never havi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Boeing 737 Max Anti-Stall System | [
"For clarity; it's not yet known what happened, the anti-stall is just on the list of suspects. So, stall recovery in flights is not totally intuitive, particularly for novice pilots; in order to recover from a stall, you need lift, but for lift you need airspeed. Thus, the way to recover from a stall *is to nose i... | [
"Star Wars Episode VII: The Jar Jar Binks Adventures"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are people so obsessed with myers briggs? | [
"Just listened to a podcast on personality testing and they said the Myers Briggs is not accurate and not worth taking. Plenty of free and proven tests out there if you are really interested, just Google \"big 5 personality tests\"."
] | [
"in all seriousness, maybe dogs don't like the smell of our breath."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why is there such an effort from companies to block resale of promotional freebies? | [
"Because it's a potential for lost revenue... And yes, there is a very big possible legal penalty - piracy and/or conspiracy to commit piracy and/or aiding and abetting piracy. Whatever you call it, what you're describing is theft."
] | [
"the answer is yes, they pretty much all come from some altruistic pirate. someone has a legit copy and uploads it or buys the real thing and scans it. with a few exceptions where trial software is full version but limited time or feature crippled and can be hacked into activating without buying it. For books someo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The difference between the World Wide Web and the Internet. | [
"The internet is the network that connects millions of computers together. The World Wide Web is the part which you access through your web browser. Online games, for example, use the internet, but aren't part of the www."
] | [
"Advertising, selling info, and premium versions of the free stuff."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why unhealthy foods taste so much better than healthy foods. Wouldn’t it make more sense if our bodies preferred healthy food? | [
"It would. But, unfortunately, our bodies don't work like that. Unhealthy foods are unhealthy because they contain too much of the bad sorts of macronutrients -- fats and sugars. Those are exactly the macronutrients that are the most calorically dense, and thus provide the biggest bang for the energy input it takes... | [
"Healthy foods only cost more than unhealthy foods because people who eat unhealthy foods haven't been taught the math skills to determine that healthy foods aren't more expensive than unhealthy foods."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Hopefully it’s not just me, but why is it when we are holding, or cuddling a small animal, you just feel like you wanna squeeze the life out of it? | [
"It's definitely not just you, and it doesn't make you a bad fur-dad. It's earned the nickname [\"cute aggression,\"](_URL_0_) and while we're not really sure what causes it, the working theory is that we're so filled up with positive emotion (\"Oh god this little thing is so cute\") that our brains supply a negati... | [
"If you ever had a kid you can tell right away that the kids aren’t even close to new born. They get babies that are a few months old and put gunk on them and when strangers hold them they cry."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what exactly makes weather so hard to predict? Is it hypothetically possible for forecasters to predict weather with 100% certainty in the future? | [
"Weather forecasting will never be perfect. Weather is hard to predict because tiny differences in the current weather can have large effects on the future weather. You can't measure the weather with perfect precision, so the measurement uncertainty is enough to ensure that there are always tiny differences. Danger... | [
"One of the bigger things is that we can never be sure of our observations 100%. If I flip a coin 4 times and it lands on heads all of those times, I would be wrong to say that it's always going to land on heads. I may have just been very lucky! If you think about this, there's no reason this doesn't apply to 10 co... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Love handles (side fat) and why they are so difficult to get rid of? | [
"1) The same as any other adipose tissue (body fat): approximately 87% fat, 12% water, 1% proteins, sugars, and other organic compounds. Note that these numbers can vary quite a lot! 2) Genetics, genetics. The only spot you can gain fat without it being due to genetics is around your liver and gut, if for example ... | [
"Genes. Everyone stores fat in different places preferentially. Your genes obviously cause you to store fat in your chin, easier, and use fat in your chin harder. That's why some women get fat around their legs/bottoms whereas males tend to get it on their gut. And visa versa these are the last places they'lll get ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What skill is involved in fishing competitions? How do competitors distinguish themselves from one another? | [
"First, understanding that 10% of the water contains 90% of the fish. And knowing how to find that 10%. Second, knowing that fish behavior is dependent upon season, time of day, weather today, weather tomorrow, and weather yesterday. Fish are sensitive to lunar schedules and barometric pressure. And fish in one lak... | [
"A coach observes the play from the sidelines, and can tell the players what they're doing poorly and what they need to do better. Coaches are also experienced, and can teach players new techniques/moves/etc. to make them better players. Good coaches can turn a poor team into a winning team, so much of the teams su... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does everything, like fossils, abandonded civilizations, and old roads get buried meters deep over time? Where does all the dirt come from? | [
"Each case would have a unique answer, but the major causes would be floods, wind, volcanoes, erosion of surrounding hills/mountains, geological movement of the Earth’s crust, people building on top of old sites and vegetation (one layer of plants grows on top of an old layer of plants - it’s slow but over thousand... | [
"Your question has kind of an incorrect premise because it sounds like you're assuming all of the bones should be mixed together. The age of the fossils you find depends on the rock that they're embedded in. The reason we know fossils that we dig up are dinosaur fossils, or pre-dinosaur fossils, or post-dinosaur fo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How could ancient humans get to America through the ice without dying? | [
"When migration was occurring, they would have walked across. On foot. They’d have brought food and shelter with them. There was a land bridge from what is now Russia to Alaska."
] | [
"The theory is that during the ice age there was a land bridge connecting Russia and Alaska because the water levels were much lower."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about history:",
"pos": "Represent the document about history:",
"neg": "Represent the document about history:"
} |
How is it that our brains can know a certain word we want to say, but for some reason can't think of it until someone says it outloud? | [
"Even though we register that we are having an internal monologue for our whole lives, we often actually think in concepts instead of real time sentences (besides forcing yourself to consciously think in sentences). This is also how our hours long dream sequences can in reality be only 4 minutes long. When we want ... | [
"There is a theory that one of the many reasons children cry is because of the frustration at knowing they want something, but not knowing how to describe what they want. When adults get that feeling, we can use context of language to describe how we feel, but a baby can't do that even satisfactorily to themselves.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Language and cognition:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Language and cognition:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How did something come from nothing? | [
"To put it bluntly, **we don't know.** We don't have any theories (that I know of) that explain how something came from absolute nothing. We don't know why things exist. One interesting theory you might enjoy is the simulation theory. Put simply, in the future we can assume we will create simulations of our past a... | [
"Are you asking what caused the Big bang? No one knows."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is Chilliness of peppers measured? I know there is the Scoville scale but how does it work? | [
"Wilbur Scoville developed a test in 1912 to test the relative heat of different peppers. What he did was take an oil extract of the pepper in question and dilute it with a mixture of sugar water. The Scoville heat scale was how diluted that pepper needs to be before the heat can go undetected in the sample. So for... | [
"Checkout online- Calorimetry Easy one you can do (in controlled environment) Use 1 liter of water (1 Kilogram) and burn your food sample beneath it. Measure the change in temperature from before and after, and use the specific heat of water to calculate the energy released. Not as accurate as in a lab but you can ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can my hands sometimes type (or "remember") words correctly that I'm having trouble thinking about the spelling of? | [
"Muscle memory, as you type the word more and more you remember more accurately where you need to position your fingers on the keyboard to press the correct letter."
] | [
"So I'm not normally nonverbal (I'm on the spectrum) but when I get stressed out I have a hard time communicating. The best way I can explain it is there's a disconnect between the part of my brain that actually has thoughts and the part of my brain that puts the thoughts into words out loud when I get stressed. Li... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
the Boeing 737 Max uses a computer to 'fly against nature'. What does this mean? | [
"They moved the engines forward and up to improve efficiency by 14% however this affects the plane's center of gravity. To fix this they have the computer constantly correcting the attitude of the plane. If this computer fails the plane's aerodynamics changes and controlling it becomes challenging. Here's more in... | [
"For clarity; it's not yet known what happened, the anti-stall is just on the list of suspects. So, stall recovery in flights is not totally intuitive, particularly for novice pilots; in order to recover from a stall, you need lift, but for lift you need airspeed. Thus, the way to recover from a stall *is to nose i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If math is an entirely human construct, why can't we calculate all the digits of pi? | [
"Pi is a number that shows a specific thing (if you have a circle of diameter n, how big is that circles circumference). That's not a human construct. All circles with a diameter of 1 will have a circumference of pi, no matter what species measure it. The reason why we can't calculate all digits of pi is because pi... | [
"Infinity is a concept, an idea. It is not a number and it follows its own rules which are not always consistent depending on the infinity type in question. You cannot remove a finite number of 1 and get infinity down to a finite number. By definition there are an never ending stream of '1' that make up your infini... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When deleting apps, games, etc, from your computer, where does that data go? How does that memory it used to take up, get erased? | [
"Your game occupies a house in your PC's disk. You tell your PC you don't want that game anymore. The house continues to be there, it doesn't get erased or go anywhere. But as soon you install a new game, your PC will build a new house on top of the old one."
] | [
"The recycling bin is basically a folder in your computer that files end up in when you do a normal delete on them. Other than that there isn't much special about it. When you \"empty\" your recycling bin you're having the computer actually delete the files, which gives you more space on your harddrive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How are there "unsolvable" maths equations? And how are some then solved? | [
"Let's distinguish between \"unsolved\" and \"unsolvable\" problems. \"Unsolved\" problems are those for which we simply don't have a solution yet (if there is one). [There are hundreds of those](_URL_0_). \"Unsolvable\" problems are those for which there is no solution. For example, the question \"what value of x ... | [
"A lot of that stuff you learn in grade school is based on high level mathematics simplified into useful \"Formulas\", especially trig. This is useful to anyone buildling anything. Past that, branches of math have become important to people like linear algebra is vital to software rendering, physics is relevant to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Mathematics:"
} |
If the Gregorian Calender we use today only took effect in the 16th century, how does this impact the accuracy of dated historical events prior to then? | [
"It's not too hard to convert, but it can be vague if older dates are given in the calendar then-used, or projected back in the current calendar, especially during the period when countries were converting. On the other hand, it's rare that the difference of a couple weeks matters in any larger context."
] | [
"Short Answer: Jesus Long answer: The AD in the written version of the year stands for *Anno Domini* which in Medieval Latin means: \"In the year of (the/Our) Lord.\" Simply put, the Catholic Church took a best guess of when Jesus had been born and began counting the years since that. Historical records how that t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can we "sense" that someone is looking at us, even when we can't really se the other person? | [
"We can't. It's just that when you DO see someone looking at you, it's very noticeable. It's instinctive behavior to take notice of where other people are looking, especially if they are looking at you, even if you only see them briefly and/or in your peripheral vision. But that's it - \"sensing\" someone is lookin... | [
"No. When you look at the side of your face you see the same thing that everyone else does when they look at the side of your face. If people saw the side of your face/head when they looked you in the eye they would be looking you in the ear. That would be weird. It seems you're asking \"do people see me as attract... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Does “burning in” brand new audio gears such as headphones and speakers actually work? | [
"First: The word 'gear' in this context is already plural. It's a group noun, like 'news' and 'furniture'. Second: No. That idea comes from decades ago, when magnets were weaker and materials were worse. Even then, it had almost no impact on the sound. Only hard core audiophiles purported to hear a difference in s... | [
"When you play audio, the speakers are vibrating up and down. Loudness is made by how much the speakers are moving up and down, so if it's louder, the speakers require more power. Assuming you're not using an 'audiophile phone', with a higher quality amp, and not using audiophile grade headphones, your phone probab... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why do milk jugs in the US invariably leak from their cap, but not other liquids? | [
"Not sure about the US but in the UK the bottles are cheap and leak in the way you described. I always assumed this was to keep the costs down, as its such a high volume product a little saving per bottle goes a long way. There is also the fact that unlike the pop bottles there's not much brand loyalty with milk as... | [
"Glass bottles also work in my experience. The reason is that the plastic used in the normal bottles, PET, isn't really airtight on a molecular level. So a very little amount of oxygen is able to reach the drink, altering the taste slightly but noticeably. This 'issue' with PET is also the reason while drinks in pl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can the current ion thrusters benefit humans in terms of space travel, or at least part of it? | [
"What do you mean by 'benefit humans'? Ion thrusters work by accelerating ions from the back of the spacecraft - conservation of momentum implies that as the ions go one way, the spacecraft goes the other. Their advantages include a good efficiency, but they produce very low thrust. This means that they cannot be u... | [
"The moon has no atmosphere and very limited resources. Mars has a thin atmosphere and we can extract water from the soil. And once you're in space the effort to get to mars is not much more than getting to the moon. Launch is the hardest part of most space missions. Mars is also a much better candidate for future ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the difference between shampoo, shower gel and normal hand soap? | [
"In the end they all are effectively just soap. A brick of soap is the pure stuff and by wiping your wet hands over it you remove just enough to wash your hands. Shower gel and shampoo are diluted with water, which just makes them easier to apply. You can massage them in your hair, which would be much more difficul... | [
"Shampoo is a type of soap designed for your hair. It gets grease out of your hair. You should only shampoo your head. Don't put shampoo on the ends of your hair if you're a girl, it's too harsh and will damage your hair. Conditioner puts the life back in hair after being shampooed. It moisturizes it. Body soap is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I was reading a post the other day where someone mentioned answering questions in a college lecture with a clicker. It’s been a while since I was in a college lecture. What is this clicker thing / clicker system? | [
"Its a little remote that has 1-9 buttons on it. Its synced to your student ID. A professor will put a question on the board with dofferent choices for awnsers. You pick the awnser the corresponds with the number."
] | [
"Attendance isn't mandatory in most college classes. But if you don't show up, you're not very likely to do well. Besides that, the most important classes are the ones where the test is a shitty way to determine if you know things or not. Since the real world is not going to have too many situations where you're lo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is actually happening when we "pop" our knuckles or our necks? | [
"There is a liquid lining the joints of your bones to provide lubrication so they can move smoothly (arthritis is the loss of said liquid) and when you crack a joint you're releasing air from the liquid, that's why you can only do it every so often"
] | [
"It's not, that's just an old wives take that it will cause arthritis. It will not. Whether you crack your knuckles or not has no bearing on if you get arthritis. Cracking your knuckles simply relieves pressure in the joint."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Anatomy:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Health and Anatomy:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does your brain filter out seeing your nose? | [
"Your brain probably doesn't \"know\" that it is your nose. If someone were born without a nose, and I stuck a piece of plastic in the bottom center of their visual field where their nose would have been, they would tune it out too. Our senses habituate. Given enough time, we can tune out external stimuli of any se... | [
"It's possible that we don't - just that your brain is highly tuned to spot the slight differences that make us individuals."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
What makes “unsolved math problems” so difficult to solve if you continue to answer/follow the formula? | [
"There isn't always a formula that you can easily follow and just get the information that you want. For example, one of the biggest and easiest to understand unsolved problems in math is Goldbach's conjecture. Goldbach's conjecture is that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes... | [
"It is usually not that they suddenly discovered \"new\" math, but rather that they used mathematics (universal law) to prove a concept (in your example, special relativity)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Education:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Education:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are cross-seas possible? | [
"Cross seas aren't the intersection of different bodies of water but instead an intersection of differently moving waves caused by two different weather systems. Like where the waves would meet if you dropped rocks in different parts of a pool. [_URL_2_](_URL_1_) Ocean boundaries (Pacific/Atlantic/Indian etc.) ... | [
"The tradition is in farming/agriculture. Child labor :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Education:"
} |
Radon Test Report is 3.2 pCi/l ... What does this mean? | [
"The unit is pico-Curies per liter, which measures how much radioactivity. The EPA states you don't want to exceed 4 pCi/L, but might want to consider lowering it between 2 and 4. Radon comes from the natural decay of uranium and radium in the Earth. It's there because Radon is a heavy gas and sinks. This means it ... | [
"In the USA, it depends on what State the school is in, the School District and wether the district/school is public or private. The ages are approximate, again depending on individual district cutoff dates. For example: My friend and I were born 11 days apart and were different years in school. He entered High Sch... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
In movies and books, people with terminal end-stage cancers are almost always symptom free until they drop dead one day. How realistic is this? | [
"Very realistic, my grandma passed away last week due to cancer. She felt weak, got some meds, the nurse came and dropped them off the next day and said she looked not well. My grandma then went to the hospital and got an x-ray and had a large mass in her lung. It was in both lungs and her blood. She last 6 days af... | [
"A sudden death would be a death that was completely unexpected, such as being hit by a car out of nowhere and dying instantly, or being shot without expecting it. An example of a not sudden death would be dying in a hospital after being given 2 months to live. It is expected and people know it will happen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes the grogginess or difficulty concentrating when you have a cold? | [
"Imagine your body is a phone. Not a Samsung Galaxy S56XL, just a regular one. You go and open 30 apps and the phone suddenly starts slowing down, right? Well, now imagine the common cold is a VERY consuming app for your cellphone, some kind of new Fortnite 2 game or whatever. Your body doesn't work as well when yo... | [
"Extreme weather is an example of stress on your body, which likely results in a sour temperament. This is similar to why you feel cranky when you are in pain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does your stomach know when food is digested enough to let it go into the intestines? | [
"Your stomach empties into the intestines once it was reached a certain ph , which is also why a lot of people who have reflux and indigestion find help from drinking diluted organic acv (apple cider vinegar) because it helps the stomach reach the correct ph and empty."
] | [
"> Why do liquid supplements not lead to better absorption rates? Because things are absorbed in your intestines, not in your stomach, and everything is pretty much liquid by the time it gets to your intestines."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What exactly are “knots” in your muscles? | [
"Muscle tissue that will not relax. Your nervous system is telling muscles to contract, and never sending the signal to relax. Massage therapists use this to their advantage. They can trick the nervous system in to relaxing the tissue in a few different ways."
] | [
"There are a lot of ligaments, muscles and tissue holding/keeping them in place. The only 'empty' cavities in our body are in the digestive system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
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} |
Why does microwaving bread (namely French Bread) make it rubbery, as opposed to toasting it? | [
"[Startch gelatinization](_URL_0_) is the process by which the starch in flour absorbs water and attains the structural composition found in bread. This process is triggered by heat. Microwaved bread has already gone through this process once (during the initial baking) so it contains less water. The gelatinization... | [
"It has to do with how much moisture is in the food compared to how much moisture is in the air. Oreo? Drier than air, they gain moisture and turn soft. Loaf of bread? More moist than air, it loses moisture and dries up. Kitchen hack: put a slice of bread in with cookies to keep the cookies fresher a little longer.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Food Science:"
} |
How do WIFI enabled lights work? | [
"It'll be drawing enough energy to run the wifi card and microprocessor whenever plugged in, but will draw more power to run the light when switched on."
] | [
"Because they can't control who connects to your wireless router."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
helicopter maneuvers | [
"The blades of most helicopters are attached to the rotor by pivots. They are free to move back and fore, up and down. In flight, centrifugal force holds them outward and their lift holds them up. But because of the freedom of the blades, it is dangerous for a helicopter to fly upside down, do loops or rolls. The b... | [
"not sure whether to upvote or downvote for not having a source... source: futuramafrymeme"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How can websites tell when you are using an Ad Blocker? | [
"There are a few methods, one of the easiest ways is to have your advertention server serve a piece of Javascript and then check if it loaded. _URL_0_ uses this Method"
] | [
"Well, you kinda explained it in your question. Ads. Ad revenue, redirects, etc. It's simple to install an ad blocker on a PC, not so much on a phone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How long does it take for food to “store as energy” (fat) within a human body? Why does the body burn muscle instead of fat when starving? | [
"Think of fat like a savings account, and muscle mass as expenses. If you spend a little more than you take in in a particular month, you can withdraw a little from savings to cover the difference. But let's say you lose your job and have no money coming in (Starvation). Spending your savings is only going to work ... | [
"I'll assume the full question is: \"How does cardiovascular activity kill gains in muscle mass?\". In ELI5 terms: Your body burns energy in the following order: Sugar > Fat > Muscle. When you do too much cardio, or overdo your diet and eat too little food to produce enough sugar, your body will use up its sugar st... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is it so much harder to move our pinky fingers with precision than the other ones? | [
"More than anything it's because you only ever need to have them open or curled, so your muscles and tendons get used to it that way."
] | [
"You don't have a lot of independent control over your ring finger (or your middle finger), at least not near to the extend that you have over your thumb, index finger, and pinky. You have specific muscles dedicated to moving each of those other fingers, but the only ones that move your ring and middle fingers also... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
if my internet speed is 500mbps download, why do my devices download at less than 10% of my internets capability? | [
"Well, first of all, your speed will be limited by either your download speed or the uploaders upload speed, whatever is slowest. If the Xbox network only allows you to download at 30 Mbps, that's what you'll get. Secondly, there's a difference between MBps and Mbps. One MBps is 8 Mbps. So if your download speed is... | [
"Think of the packages like a fire hose, the water traveling through them is the data (such as streaming Netflix, watching YouTube, Etc). The 2Mb/s (Megabits per second) is like a garden hose. The 100Mb/s is like a fire hose. However that's not all there is to an internet connection. If you visit [_URL_2_] (_URL_1... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Internet speed and service:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Internet speed and service:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do you feel anxiety predominantly in the chest? | [
"Anxiety can trigger the fight or flight reflex which releases adrenaline which raises your heart rate."
] | [
"The butterflies sensation is caused by a lack of blood flow to your stomach. It is a result of adrenaline being released because you are nervous. Different people have different nervous reactions. I dont get butterflies, but my legs get shaky. Some people get sweaty palms. Everyone is a bit different in their resp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are some boats pointy on both ends, while other boats are pointy in the front and flat in the back? | [
"The ideal high speed ship is infinitely long and infinitely skinny, this gives the least amount of drag but is impossible to build. The practical high speed ship is fairly long and fairly skinny at the water line, but this also makes it relatively unstable. A ship that is fairly wide relative to its length will be... | [
"In old planes the wings, and main wheels, were located at the front. So the extra wheel came in the back. Now in modern planes the wings and main wheels are more to the center, a little to the back, and the extra wheel comes in front."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are carbohydrates edible but hydrocarbons are toxic? | [
"It is about the connectivibility of the molecules. The Oxygen means that Carbohydrates are stable, large molecules that only bond with difficulties, so they safely can be processed by your body in a slow and controlled manner. Hydrocarbons are small and reactive molecules that like to bond with a lot of stuff, in ... | [
"It gets burned off and is present in the form of soot, carbon dioxide, and water, which are the products of (incomplete) combustion of hydrocarbons such as wax."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do multistage rockets work? And how do the rockets not just immediately fall apart upon launch? | [
"A multistage rocket is, in ELI5 terms, a bunch of small rockets stacked up, instead of one big rocket. This is more efficient because as each rocket burns out it can be discarded, which means less weight for the next stage to push. They stay together on launch because they are firmly attached to each other, and be... | [
"Because of the way rockets launch, when the first stage (they part they are landing) separates from the rest of the rocket, it is flying out over the Atlantic ocean at high speed. It would take much more fuel to kill that motion and fly all the way back to Florida than to just slow down enough to land on the barge... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Spotify know what music I will like and generate those discover weekly playlists? | [
"They track what you listen to, and match it up with what other people listen to. And more recently, they use machine learning to find songs and artists that are audibly similar in some manner. The models that result in people listening through the playlists are kept, and the others dropped. This is why you’ll get ... | [
"So people can choose to repeat a single song, or repeat an entire album, library, playlist, whatever. Some people like to just listen to the same song over and over again, I guess."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the Boeing 737 MAX not have an automated system to pull up if it's on a collision course with the ground/sea? | [
"It does have numerous automated systems. Unfortunately the recent crash *might have been* caused by one of these systems overriding everything else, trying to avoid an opposite accident involving climbing too fast (a stall)."
] | [
"That depends a great deal on the plane and the circumstances of the engine power loss. For example, does the plane have electrical power sufficient to operate the flaps? How fast was the plane going and at what angle of attack? Some planes have the ability to glide a good deal, others (think fighter planes) glide... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How is it that new phone battery can last in stock for "long" periods but once used it will degrade much faster if not properly charged often? | [
"Leave your phone at a 40% charge and turn it off, and it will last almost as well as when it was in stock storage."
] | [
"There aren't really any 'proper ways' to care for a laptop battery other than not continuously charging it for days, which will reduce how long it can hold a charge."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does it matter if a product is known to cause cancer *particularly* in the state of California? | [
"California passed a regulation which requires any product that may be a possible carcinogen to have a label saying such. Because making labels specific for products sold in just California, would be insane, those labels are often seen outside the state."
] | [
"Nothing. There is no science indicating its bad for you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do Muscles like your biceps and triceps hurt after a workout, but your heart doesnt get sore after a workout like a hard run? | [
"They’re made of different muscles. Cardiac muscle is unique in that it is continuously in use and does not need rest. Other muscle - the kind you use when you work out gets “tired”, and literally torn up after use which causes it to grow. This, along with the release of various acids, endorphins and other things a... | [
"Endorphin rush. Same reason why (in shape) people feel invigorated after a run or workout."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why is Venezuela called the Bolivar republic despite not bordering Bolivia | [
"From Wikipedia: Simón Bolívar and also colloquially as El Libertador,[4] or the Liberator, was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led the secession of what are currently the states of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama from the Spanish Empire."
] | [
"Just the US as far as I know. To the rest of the world he was just another dictator. Possibly something to do with the proximity of communism to the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Chances of going bald with bald father | [
"Male pattern baldness is encoded in the X chromosome (so can't come from your father, has to come from your mother) but is triggered by testosterone (so your mother won't show it). Because your mother has two X chromosomes — one from her own mother, one from her father — if your maternal grandfather is bald there'... | [
"It is largely genetic. Bear in mind you other get genes from your father, which will equally contribute to your breast size."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes the temporary burn mark left in the eye after looking at a bright light? | [
"Cells in your eye are responsible for reporting light to the brain through changes in pigment. If they receive too much light, they use up all the pigment and need a moment to reset to their natural state. During that time period, they report inaccurate information."
] | [
"> What are these red dots? They are red blood cells zipping through the tiny capillaries on the surface of your retina. Usually our brains filter them out as noise but sometimes we can see them such as when our brains haven't adapted yet or when we trick it by looking into a featureless blue sky."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
If the universe expands faster than light why can we see anything? | [
"1. Things near us are not departing faster than light. The stretch speed is proportional to distance. 2. Distant-sourced photons that reach us were emitted when the universe was smaller."
] | [
"The only way we could see an image of the past earth would be if it were reflected back to us. If there was some gigantic mirror out in space then we could look at it to see what the Earth looked like in the distant past. But, for many reasons, this isn't practical. But, we can't directly catch up with the image o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How can the universe be infinite if it’s still expanding? | [
"Think of a ruler going 1 to infinity. Now imagine on that ruler, the distance between 1 and 2 is growing larger, as well as the distance between all the numbers to infinity."
] | [
"When the big bang first occurred, space expanded faster than the speed of light. No object can move faster than the speed of light, but the space between can. Also we are still expanding, in fact it is speeding up, due to dark energy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about astronomy:"
} |
Why does raising your hands over your head seem to make catching your breath easier? | [
"It's actually about the blood flow. Your arteries have the pressure of your heart pumping them but veins dont after going through various tissues. When you put your hands above your head gravity helps to bring all the extra blood from the increased heart rate from activity back to your heart."
] | [
"Well, I haven't actually seen it happen, but sometimes it's just how that particular person reacts to high stressors and emotions. Oh, and also if you stand up for a long period of time with your knees locked, you'll restrict blood flow to your brain and you drop like a stone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
how red light therapy works | [
"> Nothing about it makes sense to me. How does this work? It is simple: Saps pay money for a red LED light and believe any pseudoscientific nonsense that is tossed their way. The scam artist makes a load of money off this fad. Of course it doesn't do anything, there is no evidence that the \"therapy\" works, but t... | [
"Taking bkood from your body lowers your blood pressure, and triggers your bone marrow to start making more. Its more complicated than that.. But.."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Google search pictures? | [
"Originally it only did a regular web search for the keywords you inputted, and then grabbed images off of pages that mentioned those keywords a lot. So if you search \"dog\" and it finds a web page with 30 hits for \"dog\", any pictures on that page are pretty likely to be of dogs. This is still a big part of imag... | [
"Advertising, selling info, and premium versions of the free stuff."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Technology:"
} |
What exactly is the biolocial purpose of coughing when you are sick? | [
"Your lungs are forcing air with hopes to clear the gunk yours cilia in the airways have gathered. All the phlegm, mucus, dead and living bacteria, and even dead cellular parts are being forced out of your airways."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do they make flavor seasonings on potato chips, like dill pickle flavor and macaroni and cheese? | [
"I mean, there really isnt one answer. Each company uses different means and ways to flavor their products. But generally, artificially flavored products (like mac and cheese chips) are a combination of chemicals such as simple acids, salts and Esters that cause the same chemical response from the tastebuds as the ... | [
"We're the only species who has invented stuff like Twinkies, Ho-Hos, Nutella, Toblerone, Reese's Pieces, sugar cane cola, macadamia nut ice cream, rocky road, cherry jam, Dr Pepper and honey chai latte."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Dentistry:"
} |
What is a divorce decree? | [
"A divorce decree is the court's final ruling and judgment order that makes the termination of a marriage official. The general purpose of the decree is to summarize the rights and duties of each party in connection with the divorce."
] | [
"Related question: What if I want to become a mercenary? What do I do?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Where do earth worms go during the winter when the ground freezes? | [
"Earth worms hibernate during winter: they dig a tunnel deeper in the ground that ends with a small room where they hibernate."
] | [
"It hibernates (lies dormant). Plants need sun and water to live, both of which are scarce during winter. So the plants go dormant to conserve energy until snow/ice begin to melt and the days get longer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can a hot computer shut down and completely turn off the fans? Wouldn’t the heat hurt the components? Seems like they should keep running for a few minutes.. | [
"Once the power is turned off, no component is going to get much hotter than it was during operation. The hottest components will not get any hotter. The computer will cool down via convection and radiation even without fans."
] | [
"Phones use less powerful components that are significantly smaller, generating less heat. Phones will also get hot overtime though just like computers, you just can’t hear the cooling systems in the phone like you can with the computer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is smiling a show of friendliness in humans when showing teeth a sign of aggression in most animals? | [
"In primates showing teeth held together like you do in a smile is a sign of submission, not aggression. In humans smiling likely evolved from this as a sign of peace/not intending harm, especially when combined with laughter."
] | [
"The way I see it (pun not intended) is that some animals see it as a challenge to dominance, that if you don't avert your eyes from them you are trying to act superior to them, I'm sure someone will be far more correct on this than me though. TL;DR Looking them in the eye is a challenge to their dominance, avoidin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Animal behavior:"
} |
Why after putting my hand under hot water do I flinch first and then feel the pain seconds later? | [
"Flinching is a natural instinct to avoid touching the hot thing first. It bypasses the conscious part of your brain and the part responsible for the actual \"feeling\" of the pain to keep your hand safe. You feel it a bit later when the rest of your brain catches up."
] | [
"From my experience, the painful part comes when the blood comes back into the limb, triggering the dormant nerves to panic about missing blood for a while. Someone please correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
where does the garbage go when it is removed from the sea Or a collective clean up? Is garbage just being transferred from one place to another or does it have an end? | [
"It gets sent to landfills. Modern landfills are made by digging large holes, compacting the trash, filling the hole, then covering it with dirt. At the end of the landfill's life cycle, it'll get planted over with new grass."
] | [
"That is no better and more expensive. You have create that big hole, to start. Then it seeps into the soil until it reaches the water table where it does pretty much the same damage as dumping it in the river a few hundred metres away."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do drinks like La Croix and Soleil manage to taste sweet without having any actual sweeteners in them? | [
"They are flavored with real fruit extracts, the phytochemicals which contribute to fruits' unique flavors but aren't sugar and don't contain any calories. When we eat real fruit, we get the fruit sugars plus the phytochemicals, and we associate the phytochemicals with sweetness since they're always present togethe... | [
"While it might say \"zero calories\" or \"zero sugar\", all that really means is that the molecules inside cannot be used by your body for energy. Doesn't mean things can't be sweet to your taste buds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What do the transformers on the power lines actually do? | [
"They convert high voltage power (suitable for transmission over distances) to higher-current, lower-voltage power (suitable for domestic use without frying your equipment)."
] | [
"Follow up question, how do those little pressure areas on older AA batteries give a readout on the level??"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
Why was Marijuana banned in the first place? | [
"Great minds think alike. I've sailed far and returned ta port with this booty. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [Why was marijuana made illegal in the first place? ](_URL_2_) ^(_5 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Why is weed generally illegal? ](_URL_1_) ^(_ > 100 comments_) 1. [ELI5:Why was Mari... | [
"What drugs were popular in 19th century Britain?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how is it that so many children, independently come to the thought that they may not step on pavement lines? | [
"When I was little, there was this old superstitious rhyme that said “step on a crack, break your mother’s back.” I’m not sure if kids today also grew up with this though..."
] | [
"They get one from a child and it grows as they grow. I don't know if it's the same for every organ but I assume so."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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