query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
if you're listening to a group of people sing, you cannot identify individual voices, but the moment you look at one of them you can hear their voice clearly. Why is that? | [
"This is an application of what is termed beamforming. The sound waves hitting your ears are broken down in terms of frequency, amplitude and phase (in simple terms, time delay). Since you have two ears, this means your brain can compare the difference in phase between the signals received by your ears. This differ... | [
"the same way. when someone sings, you just shift everything appropriately. and also, even if you use the wrong tone people still know what you're talking about."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do some hairs grow to a certain length and others don't? | [
"Head hair growing without limit is a myth or misconception actually, as they do have a limit, which is just very far away. So your hair has three phases which are 1. Growing 2. Pausing and 3. Shedding. The length of growing phases differ from person to person and depend on where the hair is located. The hair on yo... | [
"> How does a hair like an eye lash know to stop growing at a certain length It doesn't, because hair never stops growing. Instead, each hair *falls out* after growing for a certain amount of time, and then a new hair begins growing from the same follicle. This repeats over and over forever (or until you go bald). ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do muscle contractions make it possible for a person to exert more pressure on something than their own total body weight without lifting themselves into the air? | [
"Hey, mechanic here, I'm guessing you missed something. Engine hoists require almost no effort to work the lever and lift an engine. A small child should be able to pump the lever. Now there are pins that lock the lift arm in different positions, if it was locked when you tried it, then it will never move and you c... | [
"When you're lifting something, the closer it is to your body, the easier it is to lift. When you lift another person, naturally they pull their center of gravity towards you, which makes it easier. If they are unconscious, a lot of their weight extends further from you, so it's harder to lift."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does lightning tend to hit trees? | [
"The basics of lightning: Clouds naturally become positively charged as they grow, just like rubbing a balloon on your head and it becomes charged enough to stick to the ceiling. The ground is naturally negatively charged and positive charges always want to go to the negative ground. The air between the cloud and n... | [
"> Why is the bottom part of the cloud negatively charged and not the top part? Large drops or ice crystals are more likely to grab electrons from small drops or ice crystals, and the small drops and ice crystals are more likely to be blown to the top of the cloud. > why do they strike the earth rather than just g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why birds can perch on electrical lines? | [
"Don't think about the electricity picking a path, think about it being pulled. The electricity is being pulled along the wire by a potential difference, and it is much easier pull along the wire than it is to go through the bird."
] | [
"You know how you can drag a stick against a fence, and it'll make noise? Did you know there's two ways you can do it? One way is you can start at one end of the fence and run all the way along. Another way is you can stay in one spot and move your stick back and forth. Both of them make noise, but they're differen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If you're swimming in a pool and lightning strikes the water, it'll most likely harm you. At what range when swimming in a larger body of water, like a lake or even an ocean would lightning have an effect on a person swimming in it at the time? | [
"Lighting striking in an open water has a lethal range of about 6 - 10 meters with most of the energy being dispersed along the surface. If you're outside that range, you might still suffer burns. There's also a notable pressure wave (the underwater equivalent of thunder) that would be potentially dangerous at furt... | [
"The wave doesn't actually visibly appear until it hits the coastal shelf, about a few hundred or so meters from shore, depending on the local geography. Until that point, it doesn't hardly protrude above the surface at all, and is traveling at hundreds of miles an hour. So, yeah, in a lot of places that don't hav... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What’s happening when you see a flickering star? | [
"The atmosphere is made of gaseous fluid. That fluid varies in density. That variation causes light to bend in different ways. Stars flicker because the atmosphere causes the light to bend. Our minds interpret it as that flicker."
] | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why can’t PC hardware run Mac OS but mac can run windows? | [
"They can, it's just that apple doesn't permit OSX to be run on unauthorized hardware, and the lack of included drivers for anything but authorized hardware can be a huge challenge to overcome."
] | [
"Think of an Xbox vs a PlayStation to be like a PC vs a Mac. You can't run Mac software on a PC and you can't run PC software on a Mac. The same problem occurs on an Xbox vs PlayStation. They just don't speak the same \"language\"."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about videogame development:"
} |
Why do condoms expire? | [
"The components the latex is mixed with break down over time. This process can be sped up by certain conditions (friction and heat, for instance, which is why they tell you not to keep condoms in your wallet - your wallet is close to your body heat and that can break down the condom faster). So the longer the condo... | [
"Your body is telling you to quit smoking. Listen to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do the hands (or any joints and extremities) of people with arthritis hurt more at certain times of the day, like in the morning, or in certain types of weather? | [
"Arthritis is a painful inflammation (swelling) of the joints. Different types of weather are made up of different pressure variations in the environment, and that can cause small amounts of inflammation in joints. Heat can cause higher blood pressure, which means more inflammation of the joints. And it's well know... | [
"There are a lot of things you can do while sleeping to cause headaches. - Not drinking water. When you're asleep, you're (hopefully) not drinking water, but you're still using it up by breathing and generating urine. That could make dehydration worse. - Drug withdrawal. If you're a real caffeine fiend, a very lon... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Weather:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Weather:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Holes in the jaw bones apparently can regrow/fill in - does that work the same with other bones of the body? | [
"I had a tibial plateau fracture and it was set with two large screws that crossed from medial to lateral side. I kept them in for two years, but as a horsewoman, the screws were irritating my inner knee while riding. So I had them removed. The holes filled in with new bone in a few weeks. The human body is pretty ... | [
"First off teeth are not bones. Tooth enamel, cant be regenerated like bones can. Teeth can't heal themselves or grow back together if they are broken. When someone breaks a bone, new bone cells come replace the broken area and repair the bone. Teeth simply don't have the ability to do this. A broken tooth may need... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
While downhill, do cars consume more fuel while in neutral or while in gear with low revs? | [
"They consume more in neutral, as the engine has to be fed gas to keep running. When in gear, the engine is being driven by the wheels and requires no fuel."
] | [
"The 1 and 2 (and sometimes 3) on an automatic gear lever just force the transmission to stay in that gear until you want to change it. In terms of practical use, they come in handy when you are in situations where control over the lower gears is required. Say you are descending a steep icy hill. Forcing the engin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
how fractal dimensions work. | [
"I think this video does the best job of explaining it, 3blue1brown is a great YouTube channel dedicated to difficult math concepts like this. _URL_0_"
] | [
"The use what is called noise, the most well known example is perlin noise. _URL_3_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How were video game cheats/trainers written? | [
"Although my information is dated I know that in at least one instance, the \"cheats\" were commands that were put in for testing purposes. The test team needed to ensure that when you reached level 15 you could do thus and such. Rather than play the game for hours and hours to reach level 15, you use a command tha... | [
"They were knowingly placed into the game by the makers, and released to various sources (Cheat magazines, websites). Some only came out months or years after the game was released, some were rumored to exist and never did (the \"Naked Lara\" in Tomb Raider, for instance). Especially when demoing, shooting a review... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
EngineeringWhat is the glassy looking substance breaking off of a space shuttle/rocket when it is launching? | [
"just ordinary ice. Space shuttles have to be kept incredibly cold because they usually use either solid or liquid oxygen as part of the fuel. This results in condensation forming on the outside of the rocket that due to the temperature quickly freezes. Once it launches it shakes free."
] | [
"They have a heat shield that faces the direction of atmosphere entry that protects the craft. One kind previously used was called an ablative heat shield, which effectively slowly disintegrated, taking heat with it as it does. These days it's mostly based on a thermal insulator. Without a heat shield, many crafts ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
is it possibly for Pi to contain. Every combination of numbers possible? | [
"Pi is both trancendental and irrational, which means it goes on forever without repeating. It's not just a possibility, it does contain every possible number and combination of numbers."
] | [
"In binary, then people built programs to convert other code into binary."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is it children’s shampoo is “tear free” while regular shampoo burns like all hell in the eyes? | [
"According to Trisha Bonner, Manager of Research & Development at Johnson & Johnson, “Our formula uses large molecules...It is harder for large molecules to penetrate the skin versus small ones, which makes those products mild to the eyes (and skin).” Also, apparently no tears does indeed mean no crying and not no ... | [
"Shampoo is much more mild .. Shampoo doesn't have enough 'oomph' to clean your body properly. Body wash, on the other hand, is too harsh you use in your hair on a regular basis. The whole reason Shampoo was invented was because regular soap left peoples' hair dry and damaged."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
how do you know sharks won't eat everything when introduced to an aquarium? | [
"I had a zookeeper tell me that they weigh the sharks often and feed them on a strict schedule x lbs of food per lb of weight. Basically they keep them full so they don't want to eat."
] | [
"Turtles... Turtles keep the jellyfish population in check. If there were more Jellyfish more species would evolve to eat them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do buildings collapse due to fire? While all the internal accessories may catch fire ultimately it leaves the walls and ceilings which are concrete so shouldn't at this point the fire stop? | [
"The internal structure of buildings are made of steel. When you heat up metal it will tend to expand, and if you get it hot enough its possible for the structure to expand in such a way that shears the bolts off. This is of course assuming the building gets sufficiently hot enough, but it is absolutely possible fo... | [
"Buildings are designed with safety factors so typically it can lose a lot of integrity and still function how it was designed. Additionally only certain parts of the structure are load bearing or integral, a lot of the walls are for design and not for strength so they can safely be removed or modified entirely. Ho... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do electricity and plumbing connect into rotating restaurants/hotel rooms/houses? | [
"In most rotating restaurants, only the floor around the dining tables rotates. The ceiling mounted sprinklers, lighting, and centrally located kitchen and bathrooms do not rotate. So there is no need for power or water on the rotating part. As u/sergeantseven said, it is possible to send plumbing and electricity t... | [
"the dishwater does a water cycle to wash off those chemicals. same with your laundry thing"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
“ What is happening when your eyes get heavy from lack of sleep “? | [
"Muscles you use the most tend to get tired first, like for example, if you walk all day your legs will become fatigued. This also applies to the muscles around your eyes - your ocular and brow muscles become tired because you’re using them for most of your waking hours. Looking at a computer screen for a long time... | [
"You get tired using your brain too you know. That thing uses a lot of energy. Do you use your brain a lot at work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If allergy shots stimulate your immune system to clear up more allergens in your system, what's the point of continuing them? Wouldn't the immune system over time still produce allergy symptoms in the presence of allergens? | [
"Allergy shots contain the actual allergen (eg peanut protein), they are meant to trigger a controlled immune response on purpose. They introduce allergens into the body, not clear them up. The point of allergy shots is to build tolerance. the exact mechanism involves many cells, proteins, antibodies and is not ful... | [
"There's a couple of different theories. One possibility, though I don't know how applicable this is to you, is that you simply never hit your threshold for this allergen in your childhood. For example, maybe a small-moderate amount of animal dander, from playing with a friend's cat outside for instance, is fine, b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does eating more sugar make you pee more than normal? | [
"because your body is trying to excrete the excess sugar as it’s damaging, and the kidneys are the ones that filter your blood. the adrenal glands on top of the kidneys regulate hormone production and BP which lets your bladder know how much fluid to excrete. it seems like all of the body systems are separate but t... | [
"> Why do we have to pee that much when drinking beer Alcohol is a diuretic: It inhibits secretion of a hormone that tells the kidneys that it needs to reabsorb some of the water from your urine before releasing it into the bladder. Without enough of that hormone, you bladder is all, \"The brain says that we have t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If a major war was ever to develop between the worlds leading countries, is there protocol for how the people aboard the International Space Station are supposed to react? | [
"Space is like Antarctica, it is owned by nobody. If we really did have a war between USA and Russia, the astronauts would probably put the station in suspension mode and use their escape capsule to return to earth. ISS activities could resume when the war was over. The ISS astronauts would not care about what ... | [
"The simple answer is that the major super powers that would be involved in a world war all have nuclear capability and it would mean the end of the world as we know it. There wont be any agreement that we will go to war without using nukes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Are there any trees that have leaves that behave like the trees seeds? | [
"Succulents do this! I personally don't know of any trees, but you could maybe apply the succulent thing to a larger scale? So succulents have these thick, fleshy leaves partially because they store water in case of drought; however, they also contain enough resources for the cells inside the leaf to continue photo... | [
"First, the flowers don't survive, they just take longer to die. Second, other plants can do the same thing; think of a Christmas tree."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do you often feel just as exhausted when you oversleep as when you under sleep? | [
"Our brain goes through natural phases of sleep in cycles - to feel rested, your brain must go through 9-10 full cycles or so of the various stages of sleep (including REM which is when dreaming happens and the neural pathways are refreshed and lead to feeling rested). If your brain never enters into REM (a sleep d... | [
"You only choose to take a nap during the day if you're already tired. But you always go to bed at night, even when you aren't tired."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are producers, DJs and remix artists able to separate the singing/lyrics from the original song so cleanly? (Without the instrumentals) | [
"There parts that are called Song Stems. These are broken down parts of the song. Separate parts like drums, percussion, strings, etc and of course the vocals. Sometimes this is provided by the artists or the label themselves. If stems are not available, a DJ can do pre-work and do vocal isolation. There are many w... | [
"A cover is an artist playing the song of another, on their own instruments. A remix is a DJ using the original recording of a song and reassembling it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about music:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about music:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's the difference between a bank and a credit union? | [
"A credit union is a cooperative. I paid 5$ to be a member of mine. The members own the company. They hire staff to run it. Theres are regular CA meetings when major decisions are made. Once a year the overall dividends (profit) is shared between all members. I make about 300$ a year this way."
] | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why cant all plugs just be round (like an aux cord) and not weird shapes (HDMI, USB, etc.) so they’re easier to plug in? | [
"1) Different shapes are a good thing. It prevents you from plugging your monitor into your networking port or audio jack when you really wanted the video port. 2) Lots of digital protocols involve various input and output wires that have to be connected correctly. If you were to plug it in backwards or to the wron... | [
"1) type c will transfer data faster (assuming 3.1 spec) 2) type c can charge electronics better/faster (assuming 3.1 spec) 3) type c is reversible. Meaning, the old usb, you would try to plug it in, see it doesn't fit, flip it over to try again, see it doesn't fit, flip it back to where it was in the first place t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Electrical plugs and their design:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Electrical plugs and their design:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did people edit movies and television shows before computers? How did they change fonts, add effects, etc.? | [
"You can cut and splice film together to get the sequences you want from the various takes. It is also possible to paint over film for title sequences or just hold a board that was made for the show in front of the camera with the words you want on it."
] | [
"The process of colorizing old footage is very tedious. Unless the color footage already exists the animators have to color each frame of video. A second of video contains approximately 23 frames. When the movie needs to be colored, all of the frames of the movie are extracted. Each frame of the movie is then color... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do you know when a letter or word ends and a new starts when using Morse Code? | [
"The length of the pause makes the difference. Between letters the pause is three dits, between words the pause is 7 dits."
] | [
"To make it more obvious that it is the beginning of a new sentence. It prevents having to differentiate between a period and a comma to know for sure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Language and Communication:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Language and Communication:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can running on the spot achieve the same result as actually running a distance ? | [
"Depends on your desired result. If you want to get anywhere, then no. If you only want to work up a sweat, then sure. But your muscles won’t get the same exercise. That’s the idea of treadmills: running in place with the benefits of actual running."
] | [
"Sprinting builds cardio and explosion in a shorter amount of time, it also burns fat for longer. Whereas, long distance cardio can improve cardio but not explosiveness it also takes longer. So you can get better results, running harder sprints than longer distance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the logic behind "Perjury Trap"? | [
"There's no such thing. Perjury isn't simply getting something wrong when providing testimony. It requires intentionally making material false statements (that is \"lying on purpose about something important to the matter at hand\"). Anyone using the words \"perjury trap\" merely want to avoid testifying (or defen... | [
"Using reddit search I found: ELI5: Jehovah's Witnesses _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do states justify the requirement to reveal your identity to the public as a lottery winner? Do they not take the individual’s safety and security into consideration? | [
"To show as proof the money is being won by someone and not pocketed. But yes, probably bad for individuals with unique first and last names."
] | [
"Typically yes, but they shouldn't be asking that question unless they're willing to defend the person in court regardless of what the answer is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
how does the population of China keep growing when they have a one-child policy? If two people replace themselves with just one person, shouldn’t the population be shrinking? | [
"China no longer has this policy, it ended in 2015. Also certain parts were allowed two children."
] | [
"Probably not. Countries with the highest standards of living already have negative population growth. In general for humans the worse the conditions the higher population growth gets. Japan and scandinavian countries and stuff like that where everyone has ultra high standards of living don't even have enough peopl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does material get darker when wet. | [
"Because it gets more dense. Your clothes are a lot heavier when they are wet because water has a good deal of mass. And the water spread out throughout the fabric keeps it from forming single pools where light travels through it fairly easily. If you are talkin about thin, light colored Fabrics, then he can have t... | [
"The glue interacts with the air and becomes tacky."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why some animals like to be touched? | [
"Some animals are groomed by other members of their species, either as young to establish bonding, or as a social interaction. Petting taps into that instinct. If you look at animals that don't respond to touching, they usually don't do it between members of their own species."
] | [
"Because they have a better chance of not being eaten by birds, most of which sleep at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do braces know in which direction to align the teeth? | [
"They don’t “know” which way to pull the tooth. They are put on by the ortho and pull the tooth in the direction the ortho sets it up to"
] | [
"Teeth come out the way they come out; crooked or straight or sideways or however. The shape of the roots determines the way those teeth come out. Braces can correct the deformations in the root, but our bodies formed the way the formed for a reason. So once the braces come off, the roots start changing the tooth f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Dentistry:"
} |
When it rains, why can the rate it's raining vary from minute to minute? | [
"Rain comes from clouds which will have different densities and volumes of moisture within them. That's why some clouds can be really puffy and some thin and everything in-between. If there's enough moisture that it gets to that point where it's too heavy that's when rain starts. That'll happen at different points ... | [
"Humidity. When it's a higher humidity. The air contains more moisture. Our bodies sweat to combat heat. Sweat evaporates. It's easier to evaporate in low humidity because the air is willing to take in more water. When water in the air is high. Sweating no longer helps us because the air can't talk in as much moist... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
During presidential election, why are electoral votes counted instead of everyone's individual vote? | [
"It's to try to even out the country. Most of the time, societies will vote similar to their surroundings (which is why you have basically guaranteed red/blue states) so if you went based entirely on population there would only be a handful of societies that would be choosing the president (think NYC or LA). The el... | [
"Nope. It's called an absentee ballot, and as long as you are a registered voter your vote will be counted for your state and your district respectively, as if you had voted in the US in the first place. Gerrymandering is when a district is drawn up to only include certain demographics, to improve a party's chance ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is pancreatic cancer so particularly deadly? | [
"By the time it is discovered, it has already spread to other parts of the body. If it was confined to the pancreas, it could be removed. You would then need insulin injections and enzyme supplements but it is rarely caught in time."
] | [
"Because people shouldn't be allowed to die from treatable illnesses, and clinical depression is a treatable illness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why should you never cross a picket line? | [
"Because people dont usually picket for no reason. If people are desperate enough that the conditions of their work are so terrible they feel the need to protest you are enabling the status quo and undermining their ability to change things."
] | [
"There's usually not much you can do to sway their minds. You can lead a horse to water but you can't make it drink."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the audio of a fast forwarded video go high pitch? | [
"The pitch of a sound is determined by how fast the vibrations in the air are. When you produce a high-pitch sound, you are producing very fast vibrations, and when you produce a low pitch sound, you are producing slower vibrations. When you speed a video up, you naturally also speed up the vibrations within the so... | [
"I get the same sound every day from my old plasma tv. Its the exact same sound as pressing the power button."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is flood pronounced like "flud" instead of "flewd"? | [
"Language changes in lots of ways over time because so many people are using it everywhere in their own ways and lives. Often some parts of it will change faster than other parts, and things become inconsistent. People in a particular region started saying the Old English word \"Flōd\" or \"Flood\", which used to... | [
"Are you talking about derivative nouns like \"height(h)\" for \"high,\" \"warmth\" for \"warm,\" \"mirth\" for \"merry,\" \"width\" for \"wide,\" etc.?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
how did the 1440 original printing press work? | [
"Carved letter blocks were arranged by hand on a rack to create words. The letters were inked and paper? Parchment, i guess, was placed on top. The rack had a sort of lid which was lowered onto the top and pressed the paper into the blocks. One had to be careful as the blocks had to be arranged in mirrored order so... | [
"Interested on how you thinking Chinese being first to use gunpowder and fireworks means high quality.."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why some areas of skin scar way worse than other areas? | [
"I’m not a doctor but this is my understanding based on some courses I’ve taken in school. Essentially, when you get a cut or an injury, the body does it’s best to heal the wound which usually involves trying to close it or heal-over any injured tissue. As a result, you sometimes get fibrous scar tissue which never... | [
"If it's hot enough to burn other parts of the body, it'll burn your mouth, too. In fact it'll probably burn your mouth easier than other parts of the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
In Discrete Math, what is an equivalence relation? | [
"Basically, you have some elements (finitely of infinitely many). You then sort these elements into buckets. These buckets are called equivalence classes. An equivalence relation tells you whether two elements are in the same bucket. This concept is not specific to discrete math. One example of an equivalence relat... | [
"In Good Will Hunting, they just picked a random basic exercise in graph theory. It's essentially just a test of \"do you know what these words mean?\" Numberphile has a good explanation: _URL_0_."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why video games don't use VMs | [
"Using a Java-like VM would add too much overhead. Consoles are pretty low powered. They only achieve the results they do because games can be optimised for a known and clearly defined hardware specification. So introducing an extra software layer between the game and the hardware will slow things down too much. Th... | [
"Well there are a lot of reasons. However the correct one is because they haven't figured out how to efficiently collect souls"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does Adderall help you focus? | [
"It increases the amounts of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in the brain by reducing the reuptake of those neurotransmitters between synapses. This has the effect of increasing overall activity in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which regulates executive functions that are often missing in those with focus issues.... | [
"1. You lose your ability to communicate with other 2. Your attention span drops, so it harder to focus 3. You’ll strain your eyes 4. You’ll reduce a desire for exercise 5. You’ll harm your brain"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the purpose of sinuses, and why when you have a sinus infection or sinus headache does it hurt more when you bend over? | [
"Their function is mostly to create mucus for the nose, but they also lighten the skull and improve your voice, by giving space to resonate in. When you bend over, your whole head is getting more blood due to gravity. This increases pressure in all soft tissue with blood supply (the mucosal tissue in the sinuses f... | [
"Ear, nose and throat are all connected together. Usually when you get sick your sinuses swell up causing pressure in your ears."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Health:"
} |
What exactly is a good/high/fast metabolism? | [
"The actual efficiency of your gut doesn't vary between individuals as much as some people would like to think. A more in-depth answer from another user here: [_URL_1_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Can someone explain to me what a fantasy football team is?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do the priests ask everyone if they object the marriage and why is it necessary? | [
"To avoid bigamy. Back in the days before record-keeping, it would be impossible to tell if someone were already married. The priest is basically asking \"do any of you know if either of these two people are married already?\"."
] | [
"Nothing would happen, unless the person actually did have a valid legal reason why the marriage should not take place. The line comes from a 17th century Christian Prayer book. It was phrased \"...if any man can show just cause, why they may not lawfully be joined together...\" and was intended for just that - obj... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How and why is pancreatic cancer so deadly? | [
"It doesn't cause any really obvious/worrisome symptoms until stage 4. Before that, if you feel anything at all, it's easy to write off as something unimportant. The pancreas is deep in the gut, so cancer there is harder to detect with X rays and CT scans if the doctors aren't looking for it. Most cancers can be fo... | [
"Because cancer isn't just one disease, so one singular cure won't take care of it. There is ongoing research each targeting specific mechanisms of certain types of cancers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
the (typically) 4 letters of radio/TV station's names (like WLOX, WDRM, etc.). Where did it come from and what does it mean? | [
"Those 3- or 4-letter identifiers are called call signs, and they're part of an international standard used to identify broadcasters. The first letter or two (the prefix) indicates what country the station is associated with. The US has two for commercial stations, W (approximately for stations east of the Mississi... | [
"The terms officially have different meanings. But the common usage is really just tradition rather than any particular decision. A station is the company or building doing the transmitting. So you can still refer to a TV station (meaning the network or broadcasting facility). A channel is the call sign, or a uniqu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a “medically induced coma” and how is it different from a regular coma? | [
"The primal difference is that that medically induced coma is because of controlled amount if barbiturate drug you give the patient. Regular is barbecue of injury to part of the brains because head trauma, strokes, overdose of some medicine etc. So the induced will stop when you no longer give the barbiturat but ot... | [
"You can sleep if you're alert and able to converse coherently and show no other symptoms of brain injury (like dilated pupils or vomiting). Otherwise, you may have a brain injury and could potentially go in to a coma or worse. Sleep is actually good for a concussion with no signs of brain injuries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the difference between microplastic and sand? | [
"Sand is made from silica in almost all cases, its very pulverized rock, coral etc. While microplastics are of course plastic, which are petroleum based, and can have problems with toxicity."
] | [
"It's all about density. Such a material is possible. Look into white dwarfs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Whats the difference between electric field and magnetic field? | [
"An electric field is generated by charged particles whether they are moving or not. A magnetic field is generated by moving charges."
] | [
"Because in a vacuum a moving object has no resistance acting on it. Clarify the second part of the question please."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why isn't antisemitism just racism? | [
"Because jewish isnt a race but rather a practising religion that anyone from anywhere can join. Also antisemetisim towards jewish people is more severly viewed apon in todays world because of the last attempted mass extinction and direct survivors that are stil alive today. Technically speaking there is no home co... | [
"Anti-semitism - never came across a denier who wasn't an anti-semite."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are the UK telephone area codes almost in alphabetical order? | [
"In may cases it look like it is because of name changes of the zones for example the next after Worcester is Milton Keynes but the area was originally called Wolverton & #x200B; [_URL_0_](_URL_1_) & #x200B; So most are alphabetical series but there have been later changed for various reasons."
] | [
"Each makes slightly different claims, so they can all be right at the same time. For example one is fastest nationwide, one is fastest in your area, one has the strongest signal, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the world's economy only grow at 3% (aprox)? | [
"Believe it or not, by historical standards a 3% growth rate is actually very high. Economic growth is a massively complex phenomenon and there are a ton of factors that determine an economy's growth rate. In the simplest terms, economic growth is a result of people deciding to delay current consumption (i.e. peopl... | [
"Where on earth do you get that from? If inflation really ran at 10 percent for a century, prices would be 13 780 times what they were in 1913. They...er...aren't. Not even close."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- Why do soap operas look different on TV compared to all other shows? | [
"they are shot in higher frames, so it looks more fluid, and that makes it look like you are there watching them shoot a scene instead of watching a scene in a movie/tv show"
] | [
"I'm speculating that there are three reasons: 1. The target audience are teens and young adults who tend to stay up late. 2. It is rerun the next day at 2 or 3pm, I can't remember which. 3. A lot of people watch it online on its official site or on Hulu and gets ad revenue that way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is prime factorization so reliable for modern encryption algorithms? | [
"When doing encryption, two things has to be true: 1) It must be easy to calculate 2) It must be hard to reverse Multiplying two prime numbers is insanely easy for a computer, so 1) is true. Finding out which two prime numbers were multiplied together to get a number is impossibly hard to do (within a reasonable ti... | [
"Public (also known as Asymmetric) encryption is best explained by [this picture](_URL_0_). Just take a second to digest each step and realize how both parties do indeed come to the same result and that if you were spying on them in public, it would be difficult to determine their private colors. Now replace the id... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why when you shake a bottle of water do the gas bubbles that form almost immediately disintegrate, but the carbon dioxide gas they put in soda and sparkling water stay there ? | [
"Liquids can hold a certain amount of dissolved gas. When the pressure is raised, the liquid can hold more gas. In a water bottle, the pressure is lower than soda. That's why you don't get the pop when you open it. After you agitate the bottle, the bubbles that formed quickly rise to the top or dissolve back into t... | [
"They're carbonated. They're made by making up a flavored syrup and cooling in the presence of pressurized carbon dioxide. Bubbles that in a carbonated liquid (like soda) would escape are trapped in as the candy hardens. When they come into contact with saliva, the candy starts to dissolve and break, which allows t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does touching both ends of a (D,AA,9V) battery not complete a circuit? | [
"It does! It's just that the voltage is low and the resistance of dry skin is pretty high at those voltages, so little current flows through your body."
] | [
"They do, you just can't see it because the voltage isn't high enough to overcome the resistance of air at an appreciable distance, if you make the gap smaller, it will arc across air. Tiny tiny voltages of like 5.2 or 4.2 volts, aren't enough potential to cause a visible spark. & #x200B; Noted that a circuit must... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is pressure cooking (instant pot) affected by altitude, when cooking pressure inside the pot is preset? | [
"Pressure cookers report internal pressure as how much they are higher than outside. So a 10 psi pressure cooker at sea level would have an effective pressure of about 25 psi (10 + \\~15 psi in the atmosphere), whereas if you are up at 3km, the atmospheric pressure is only about 10 psi, leaving you with a total of ... | [
"The point is that boiling water is always the same temperature and stays there. Once water hits 100C (212F) cooking will always go at the same speed. When you heat up the water with the noodles already in it, it is harder to predict how fast things will cook because different cooking devices heat up water at diffe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do scam companies get your info after you buy a car? After ever car I buy, I get automated calls, mail, and emails about my "Factory Warranty" expiring. They even know the make and model. | [
"Car registrations are generally public records, and many states have some sort of sunshine law where any public record is available to any member of the public. The scammers get lists of all new car registrations and then probably cross-reference them with existing lists that may be of more dubious legality. If yo... | [
"I got an explanation from AAA telling me that my bank notified any company that is under auto pay from my debit or credit card when I get a new card. AAA let me know that my bank updated it for me. I freaked out when my car insurance updated itself but calmed down a little when AAA notified me that my bank did it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
it's often said that "Researchers used computer model to...". Does this mean scientists are also proficient at computer software and programming? Isn't this too much of a side skill to master? | [
"Some scientists also know computer programming. Many, I'd say. In fact, there's a whole field known as \"computer science,\" which people have degrees for studying and understanding the mathematics and logic behind computers. *Cough* ...like me. *Cough.* But in regards to your question: usually, science is done by... | [
"In theory computer science is a branch of mathematics. While programming is a practical skill. It's like learning about the physics of how water flows vs being a plumber. But in real life there is no naming police and there isn't really that many jobs to sit around and think about what problems would be possible ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Artificial Intelligence:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Artificial Intelligence:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does stretching feel so good? | [
"Why does stretching my hamstrings feel so unpleasant, while stretching my calves feels good?"
] | [
"Because many people forget to breathe when they are doing this kind of exercise. That's really all there is to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why haven't electric cars (particularly the Teslas with the full glass roof) implemented solar panels/charging on the roof? | [
"Solar panels the size of a car roof would be able to generate at most 300 to 400 watts. It would help a little, but at that rate it would take 200+ hours to charge a battery as large as a Tesla's."
] | [
"Basically they are just solar panels that generate electricity like other solar panels. The innovation is that they are designed to be hard enough to drive on, so instead of finding space for solar farms, you just replace driveways, eoads and parking lots. Since they are tiny generators with elecronics, you could ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do (most) people have a dominant side/hand and why is left rarer? | [
"I write right-handed. I throw left-handed. I pole vaulted right handed. I shoot right handed. Just thought about it, jumped from left door in Airborne school. Hmmm? LOL"
] | [
"You are not, in fact, a left hander. There are 5(!) different types of handedness. In order of how common they are, you have Right Handed, Left Handed, Cross Dominant, Ambidexterous, and Ambilevous. You are the same type I am, the third, Cross-Dominant. Like you I used to think I was left hand, but I am not and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about science:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about science:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about science:"
} |
How do bots work to buy Hype items? Supreme had items drop today that sold out in less than 3 seconds. How does the bot know where to click to get the item and size, as well as overcome Captcha? | [
"It doesn't generally have to \"click\". Your browser sends a message to the server saying \"I want to buy this\" and then does some other messaging to send payment info. A bot could do these things without a browser. A second option is to write scripts in your browser to do it. A webpage has a structure that a pro... | [
"Either someone had access to buy before that, or a lot of buyers were just faster than you. There's many examples of employees buying the entire stock before the sale goes live. And there's also many examples of people making software to buy tickets as fast as possible (seconds) as soon as sales opens, leaving lit... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is adding a dark theme to an app/OS so hard and doesn't take just a few color changes? | [
"from my experience, it's the chaotic way in which designers end up serving specifications. Might be more true in web but designers don't often enough get enough time or info to plan out a theme for their project in such ways that inversions of colors can just happen on the fly and you gets palettes with too many c... | [
"Because it requires more code and therefore time and money to make a 'good' UI. It's comparatively much simpler to fix everything in place or scale it by a fixed amount for different resolutions. If you're asking why they never include a stronger UI scaler it's that there's just not much demand for it. I'm sure yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about videogame development:"
} |
Why do some soldiers wear digital camo, is it actually useful for camouflage or is it just for aesthetic reasons? | [
"It is rather hard to notice in foliage as long as the tones match. It breaks apart the recognizable shape and helps it melt into the background."
] | [
"They have always been decoration / fashion items not functional items. Monocles are replaced by glasses, contacts and laser eye correction as vision aides. You don't need to keep your pants up with suspenders any more since elastic waistbands and belts generally replace them. you don't need to keep your socks up w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What makes up the rest of the weight in food? | [
"A lot of it is water. Or other inedables like bones. It is basically things that our body can not take use of in a meaningful way."
] | [
"They are to mark what type of soda is in the cup."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do you sometimes have to sneeze but then suddenly the urge just goes away, leaving behind that unsatisfied feeling? | [
"Not a biologist but pretty sure something can tickle your sinuses causing your body to try to expel whatever it is. Once the tickling stops, the reaction your body has stops, causing you to stop the sensation of needing to sneeze."
] | [
"If you have an unpleasant sensation, you tend to create more sensations in other parts of your body so that the only predominant sensation you feel isn't the unpleasant one. When I smoke weed, when I take a big-ass, fat, toke, and I feel a cough coming up, I scrunch my face up. The pressure I have created in my fa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Biology:"
} |
How do foods/drinks contain "natural flavors" as an ingredient without containing the actual ingredient itself? | [
"natural flavors are derived from a plant or animal while artificial flavors are made in a lab. The exact same chemical but one was made in a lab and one was extracted from a plant or animal part."
] | [
"> Is it because of the processing? Is \"real fruit\" one of those FDA phrases that doesn't really mean anything? Is a term like that even regulated by the FDA? Both, really. Processing takes some of the nutrients out of some foods. Your yogurt, for instance has blueberry jelly and syrup in it - which was made from... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How a turbojet is self sustaining. | [
"The geometry of the combustion chamber and the cold air charge coming in through the intake both make going out the back the path of least resistance."
] | [
"The exhaust gases exit at a higher pressure then from a gasoline-powered engine. Especially at high throttle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
When stores have cold items like packaged meat in open displays, are they wasting a bunch of energy keeping them cold? If not, then how are they efficient? | [
"Yes, they're wasting a ton of energy. Commercial refrigeration systems are generally more efficient than consumer-grade systems, but the electric bill of your average grocery store is still a whole lot of money. The loss from having open displays is offset by the increased sales over using closed refrigeration cab... | [
"The whole operation is set up to keep costs low. 1. Big barcodes for faster scanning, cashiers can serve more customers. 2. Low staffing. Store personnel is kept to a minimum reducing labor costs. They don't have to divert someone from other jobs to round the carts back up because customers have to use a coin to u... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why in sports is the amount of money an athelete makes such a headline ? | [
"cuz the average person doesn’t make that much and the fact that a person can make such a high amount of money by just playing a sport is still, to this day, a pretty outstanding feat."
] | [
"They say its so the students dont \"sell out\" or something equally wholesome. But the real reason is college athletics is a perfect buisness model that basicaly makes a ton of money, its tax exempt and they have to pay very little to maintain their capital ie the students. The NCAA is horibley curropt and fight t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Sports and Advertising:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Sports and Advertising:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destoryed, only transferred. How come the second law of thermodynamics, infinitesimally increasing entropy, doesn't contradict the first law? | [
"Because entropy is not the destruction of energy, rather a measure of the destruction of USEFUL energy, Exergy. The energy still exists somehow, but is no longer present/available in any meaningful way. By the second law, entropy may me generated, but never destroyed. Edit: so in short, energy isn’t destroyed but ... | [
"It doesn't. We genuinely don't know where the universe came from or what was before the big bang, and we're not even entirely sure if \"before the big bang\" even makes sense. However, what zero net energy does explain, is that no energy was created during the big bang. Therefore, the big bang doesn't violate mass... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do vehicles like gondolas and ski lifts that are attached to a single moving cable slow down significantly in the loading/unloading station? | [
"The carriages for most of them that change speed like are detachable from the cables mid-transport, but do so with mechanical action, which greatly limits the chance it'll just detach randomly. This means they can have a fast moving cable for the majority of the transports, and slower moving cables for getting on ... | [
"It isn't really an elevator. The cars are attached together into a train, and then pulled up a track by a cable attached to a motor. The inside of each car can swing independently of the outside shell which allows the passengers to stay upright as it travels up the curved arch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What role does a Stills Photographer or Director of Photography actually play in a film production? | [
"The director of photography isn't photographer in the classical sense. They are a cinematographer, they are in charge of the cameras and lighting. They pick the fim, lenses, all that technical stuff to make sure the movie looks good. Depending on the director they are working with they might mostly do the technica... | [
"Production largely refers to the organization process of bringing everything together needed for making a movie. From finding locations to casting, hiring costume designers, actors, stylists, make up artists, props, securing rights to songs used in the sound track, hiring camera crew, lighting crew etc etc. Quite... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do Aimbot hacks/cheats in FPS games work? | [
"The first aim bot (for counterstrike beta) used a custom skin that made enemy players heads bright pink, and was coded to center the mouse cursor on pink areas and generate a mouse click."
] | [
"CS:GO good at preventing hacking? What?? Have you ever played csgo??"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are Matriarchal societies rarer than Patriarchal ones. | [
"Men are more aggressive and violent, speaking anecdotally. Many people claim there is a hormonal difference. Just like with many situations, the squeaky wheel gets the grease. If someone is willing to kill anyone in their way to get power, they have it. The history of the world is profoundly affected by groups of ... | [
"There were few native domesticable species of animals and plants. Because of this, early societies there were not able to progress beyond hunter-gatherer tribes. Read *Guns, Germs and Steel*, by Jared Diamond."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What would happen if a cloth fiber got into your blood stream? | [
"There is no biological pathway to break down nylon. If it somehow ended up in your blood stream its not going to magically make its way into your colon or into your bladder. With the exception of dead red blood cells your poop is compromised almost 100% of what you ate. Your kidneys can only filter out water solub... | [
"There's a theory that it happens as a reaction from the removal of heat from the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If Kim Jong Un studied in Switzerland under an alias, then he must be proficient in English. Why does he need a translator? | [
"Normally any sort of high level international business is conducted with translators, even when the principals are fluent in both languages. This allows the speaker to put a layer between themselves and their counterpart. This not only helps to smooth over misunderstandings (which can be blamed on the translator) ... | [
"He thinks he's making a difference by trying to play the role of a benevolent basketball ambassador. I have no doubt that Kim Jong-Un would imprison or ban him from the country if he steps out of line."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do some old plastic appliances fade to an off yellow colour after many years? | [
"Most plastics contain substances that make them burn slower, for safety reasons. These flame retardants use the element Bromine. When the Bromine remains bound up as the flame retardant, it is colourless, but when it breaks down, the remaining bromides are a bright yellow. The main thing that breaks these flame re... | [
"It's not that they're white, it's that they're made of a type of plastic that, after prolong exposure to light, will degrade, becoming yellowed and brittle. UV is bad for that type of plastic, so the more time it spends in direct sunlight, the more it yellows."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do thin pieces of meat curl away from the heat of a pan when cooking, resting solely on their edges? | [
"As explaining in comment below, meat is curling because of water evoparating For sausage though, they are composed at mini 40% fat (because with less it's dry af and not good), and it's because thsi fat melt when cooking that sausage tend to be smaller when cooked (This applies only for butcher sausages, as most ... | [
"So that they cook evenly. Otherwise, there would be a doughy, uncooked center. With a hole, it cooks from the center at the same time it cooks from the edges."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why does the temperature of the shower water change so much with a tiny push? | [
"Because the hot and cold water have roughly the same pressure, and come to the shower through similar pipes. But the knob that selects how much of the hot water and how much of the cold water to combine isn't actually a sensitive regulator that can finely control the flow of each type of water. It's more like a [c... | [
"along with the water in the pipes being cold, the pipes themselves are also cold. As the cold water clears out, the hot water comes in, and the cold pipes steal some of the heat from the water, hence the first of the hot water comes out just warm, with it taking a little while before the pipes are warmed up enough... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Physics:"
} |
What causes the stippled or dotty appearance of a friction burn on the skin? | [
"Those are where your hair follicles are. They’ve been rubbed raw by the abrasion and you’re seeing the very fresh skin and where the blood is closest. Also, the blood flow is there more to heal faster."
] | [
"It's not staining, it's pigmentation. It isn't always brown either. It's the same sort of thing that causes the skin around nipples to be a different color than the rest of the skin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does sleep paralysis work? | [
"During REM sleep (the stage in which you dream) your muscles are paralysed to stop you from jumping up and running around while dreaming. But it is possible for people to become semi lucid during this stage. They will be able to open their eyes and look around but will not be able to move, this can also be accompa... | [
"> How is the charge of ions in the air supposed to affect someone’s mood, specifically in the case of Seasonal Affective Disorder or Major Depressive Disorder? They don't have any effect."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do people wait on death row for years before being executed? | [
"They aren't waiting for the seat to be free, they're given the right to appeal their conviction or alter their sentence - which can take years."
] | [
"People are innocent until proven guilty. A long time can pass between arrest and trial date, it is kind of unfair to keep people locked up for all that time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Law and Justice:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Law and Justice:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Law and Criminal Justice:"
} |
How do computers understand your code? | [
"Programming code is compiled by the compiler into Assembly language which is your code in a form of cpu instructions and memory addresses. Assembly is not very human readable so back in the day higher level languages emerged like cobol, fortran, Dartmouth Basic, and C to name a few. These langs were more readable ... | [
"Programmer is to construction worker as software engineer is to architect."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What does a psychiatrist do that a therapist does not? | [
"A psychiatrist is a physician, a medical doctor, and thus has the ability to diagnose and prescribe meds. A therapist can be a PhD but is rarely an MD, and thus cannot prescribe."
] | [
"They aren’t considered real doctors because they aren’t. They don’t hold a medical degree, they haven’t completed a medical residency, and they can’t prescribe medications. Evidence that chiropractic manipulation is effective ranges anywhere from conflicting to nonexistant depending on what you’re talking about tr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are overbites much more common upon people than underbites? Why are underbites more common in animals? | [
"Humans evolved from apes. Apes have an protruding jaw; it sticks out from their face. Humans have flat faces. But when our jaws receded, our teeth lagged behind. They don't always fit into our mouths. This causes problems like overbite and impacted wisdom teeth."
] | [
"There are instances of some people growing third sets of teeth, though this is incredibly rare. They call them supernumerary teeth. What you need to know about them is that it isn’t like just growing a third set of perfect teeth like your regular adult teeth. They’re usually smaller and very weak. My grandmother... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do some erasers leave skid marks across the paper rather than crumble up and fall off? | [
"Erasers aren’t all the same quality, and beyond that can harden and degrade over time. The cheap pencil topper erasers tend to be the worst. Once they’ve hardened a bit, they’re not going to do as good a job, whether that means smearing or just crumbling to bits."
] | [
"Pencil lead and certain inks will sit upon the paper, rather than soaking into the paper. An eraser is literally just rubbing it off. You can achieve a similar effect using your finger, but the oil in your fingers were generally mix with the graphite and you'll just kind of smear stuff. Rubber is dry and has no oi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
In music, why does the way scales progress sound natural when it's a mixture of half and full "steps"? | [
"In western music we use certain intervals that the Ancient Greeks figured out. One octave is double the frequency, so if you had a note at 200 Hz, the same note one octave up would be 400 Hz. There's also the perfect fifth, which is a 3/2 ratio, the fourth, which is a 4/3 ratio, etc. In total there are 12 interval... | [
"An octave is divided into 12 equally spaced notes, and only after that do we pick out scales. Western music theory specifies scales with 7 notes with very specific spacings between them as sounding the best and most useful for making harmonically functional music. With these spacings, B can slide smoothly up to C ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is it that I couldn't recite most keys on a keyboard from visual memory, but if I imagine typing words out on a keyboard, I could tell you where each one is? | [
"The part of your brain that knows how to move your fingers when you type can't communicate very well, it's buried pretty deep in you. It has to be in order for you to be any good at all. When you first start to type, you stumble around quite a bit and it takes a lot of energy. It's hard to express your thoughts di... | [
"Basically you do something so many times that it no longer requires you to think about it while you're doing it. Things are turned into muscle memory when they are repeated numerous times and the whole point of it is that you can use it to utilize you working memory in other places. Things that are muscle memory r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Cognitive psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Cognitive psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does every interval on a number line contain infinitely many irrational numbers? | [
"Imagine you take the space between 1 and 2. Now you want a number that’s just slightly smaller than 2, say it’s 1.9 now let’s say that you want a number that’s in between those say it’s 1.95 this can keep going on forever as no matter how small the difference is you can continue to create a number that is slightly... | [
"A set S is dense in R if every real interval with length greater than 0 contains some element of S. A set S is dense in R if given a real number r and e > 0 there is some element s in S so that |s - r| < e A set S is dense in R if between any two real numbers a and b (a < b) there is some element s in S so that a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Since animals do not brush their teeth how do they prevent cavities? How do they get fluoride for their teeth enamel? | [
"Strictly speaking, most animals don't have high-sugar diets, so are generally less susceptible to cavities in the first place. They also have much shorter life spans and die before tooth decay becomes a huge health problem anyway. It's worth noting that a lot of animals do get their teeth cleaned regularly in the... | [
"Fluoride doesn't kill bacteria. It strengthens the enamel on your teeth preventing cavities."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
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