query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What is the difference - the DIFFERENCE - between aliasing and anti-aliasing? | [
"Aliasing is just the name of the visual artifact caused on edges when triangles are drawn on your computer screen. It happens because, from the perspective of your graphics card, each pixel either is or isn't inside a certain triangle in your game, causing harsh looking edges called jaggies. It's really noticeable... | [
"Can you be more specific as to what you mean by \"effective\"?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do large chains like Starbucks or Dunkin Donuts offer free drinks as rewards even if you never go to a specific location and redeem your free drink code there? | [
"The individual store records the fact that they gave out a free drink, and the corporation refunds them partially or fully. Often, individual stores are allowed to opt out of these promotions, hence the \"at participating locations\" disclaimer when they are advertised."
] | [
"Customer Loyalty programs ensure that customers keep coming back to your store. It's like a sandwich shop that has a \"buy 10 get 1 free\" deal. These days, it also helps them collect data about who is purchasing what. Getting your phone number gives them a single unique identifier so they track your purchases and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between city, county, state, college, metra, Amtrak police? What purpose do each of them serve and what can they do that the others can’t? Why is all crime not just taken care of by the police in that city? Can any large enough organization create their own police dept? | [
"One difference is who pays for it. State police get paid from state taxes; local jurisdictions get money from local municipal budgets; private entities like colleges use tuition and other monies to pay for their police forces. Another is jurisdiction. Not every place is a city -- in New York, for instance, there a... | [
"The names for various law enforcement officers vary from place to place in the US. We mostly categorize law enforcement by jurisdiction which usually means who they work for, as in watabit's answer. We also categorize by the area of law they are enforcing, i.e. DEA, FBI, California Highway Patrol, etc. Generally, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do 3D movies work? | [
"Seeing \"3d\" works by the brain taking two slightly offset images, one in each eye, and combining them to understand depth. A 3d movie will shoot the movie with a camera with two sensors at a slight distance apart like the eyes, effectively giving a \"left\" version of the movie and a \"right\". Then you have a s... | [
"1. Predicting the weather 2. Modelling nuclear explosions"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are the wavy lines we see at the end of the road on a sunny and hot day? | [
"They are called mirage, they occur as light ways bend to give a displaced image of distant objects, sometimes making it seem like water"
] | [
"same way you can see a forest when your in it. The thin streak you see is the rest of the disk relative to us."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about astronomy:"
} |
Why are animals smaller near the equator? Shouldn’t it be the other way around, since resources are more abundant in warmer climates? | [
"On the other side of that reasoning, small animals are far less effective at retaining heat. Larger bodies are better able to function in colder climes."
] | [
"The Ocean plays a huge part in regulating temperature, and dry heats are generally well inland from oceans (otherwise the humidity would be higher). The ocean helps regulate temperature because it it constantly circulating warm water to the poles and cold water to to equator (this is due to density and angular mom... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What was the controversy that supposedly caused Dr David Kelly's suicide in 2003 and how was the UK government thought to be linked? | [
"The controversy is that his death may not have been suicide. He was working as usual, and took a routine afternoon walk, and ended up dead from an overdose of pills **and** a slit wrist. The UK government's involvement is related to his televised appearance before the appeared before the Foreign Affairs Select Com... | [
"They prosecuted a war claiming it was due to intelligence which they're believed to know didn't exist/was wrong (\"sexed up\"), with aims which were not approved by the UN security council. As such, the conflict has been described as illegal, including by former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, and from the Despat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If peanuts aren't actually nuts why do people with a nut allergy die from them? | [
"Because peanut allergies are different from nut allergies. I'm allergic to peanuts but not nuts."
] | [
"I think that's a question best answered by your doctor, and not random people with questionable google search skills. As you already know, people with strong allergies can have fatal reactions to the allergy. Edit: There are people who can get an allergic reaction to the airborne peanut dust from someone else eati... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What flavor is Dr. Pepper? | [
"Supposedly, these are the 23 flavor components of Dr. Pepper: > Cola, cherry, licorice, amaretto (almond, vanilla, blackberry, apricot, blackberry, caramel, pepper, anise, sarsaparilla, ginger, molasses, lemon, plum, orange, nutmeg, cardamon, all spice, coriander juniper, birch and prickly ash. That seems to make... | [
"It is full of Coke and lemon. Kind of like Courtney Love."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why and how does toothpaste remove scratches in glass? | [
"Most tooth pastes have an abrasive in them, typically calcium carbonate or silica. They're used to help the tooth brush scrub stuff off your tooth. In a super simplified sense, it's gelled or liquid sand paper, it's similar to how many polishing compounds are used to remove scratches on a car's paint."
] | [
"It keeps water from sticking to the inside of the lens. Same thing as soaping up a mirror in the shower."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is a negative number times a negative numer always a positive number? | [
"In simple terms, the negative of something is the opposite of itself. So the negative of a negative is a positive."
] | [
"There is no real number that would represent an even root of a negative number because any even power of a real (possitive or negative) number will necessarily generate a positve result. Therefore, we created the concept of the imaginary number *i* which is equal to the square root of -1. Therefore, any even root ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are the celebrities in the college bribery cases facing criminal charges? | [
"They were defrauding people/organizations. Some of that fraud was to fake disability accomodations which are defined in the law as well. But even for the stuff like photoshopping a kid into team photo's to apply for a sports scholarship they were taking funds from someone who wasn't getting what they were supposed... | [
"If you're talking about the recent scandal, they didn't donate to a charitable organization to get their children in. What happened in the current scandal is various bribes were paid to people at the college, as well as others who helped manipulate or fabricate test results and false academic credentials. That's f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does a zip file compress data? Why don’t we make all files stored automatically compressed to save data? | [
"Storage is very cheap. Compressing data takes CPU resources, slowing down that cat video you are watching, and delaying access to files. Which you don't need to have because storage is very cheap."
] | [
"Consider a piece of Ikea furniture, while it's flat packed it doesn't take up much space, but can't be used. After you assemble it it takes up a lot more space, but you can use it. Same with operating systems, there are ways of compressing data, but you have to decompress it to use it. Decompressing it every time... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
how can sunscreen keep your skin from aging while still sitting in the sun long enough to tan? | [
"Not quite. Sunscreen protects against **too much** solar radiation. Depending on how easily you burn, you can decide how strong a protection you want, whilst still allowing yourself to tan. Now, **don't do this at home. Or *anywhere* come to think of it**. But imagine this. If you put your hand in boiling water it... | [
"UV rays are very small waves that can harm your skin. Sun block works by scattering the rays away or absorbing it so it doesn't harm your skin. I don't know why people are being assholes in the comments."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come that by adding salt to your food while cooking or in general dramatically improves its flavour? And why did salt and pepper became almost manditory condiments ? | [
"Salt suppresses sweetness and increases umami, both of which work well with savoury food. Pepper is common mainly due to the Romans, who were obsessed with it, as was much of the ancient world. When the Goths besieged Rome in 408, the Romans bought them off with 3000lbs of pepper."
] | [
"The salinity of the water is higher than the salinity of the soup. Also, remember that in soup you usually have a bunch of other flavors, which the salt complements. With salt water, there's really no taste *but* the salt, which is disgusting."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Food and cooking:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Food and cooking:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
The Idea of Silver/Gold/Platinum | [
"Reddit gets money, poster gets a false sense of achievement, and the giver gets to feel good about themselves for spending money"
] | [
"Coke: Can Dr Pepper: Bottle Barq's (Root Beer): Bottle Mountain Dew: Can Source- Caffeine Addict"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do companies (such as 1Password) verify a password is correct without storing it anywhere? | [
"The idea of password storage relies on using an irreversible function that [ideally] returns a unique output for any given input. Since the function can not be reversed and hopefully only one input could generate the same output, the website can store the output and use that for authentication. It's like if I ask... | [
"Most of them don't store your password itself--they perform a mathematical operation called hashing which is difficult to reverse and store the result. But yes, they do at least temporarily have your password and could use it to hack your other accounts."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do hotels decide what rooms to put guests in? | [
"How do you request a bigger room? “I’d like a nicer room for free, please?”"
] | [
"Because hotels often sell their vacant rooms to third part distributors for a discounted rate as to forgo the risk of not being able to fill them. If I have 100 vacant rooms available for next weekend, I know I am unlikely to fill them all, so I sell them at a discount to a third party who will then make them ava... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why this whole college admissions scandal is illegal and not just unethical when the schools are private. | [
"None of these colleges is \"private\" in the sense that matters. If you accept federal student loan money, you have to obey the government rules. Letting rich people buy their way in by bribing coaches is not, unsurprisingly, allowed by the rules."
] | [
"In addition to being unqualified, she supports the abolishing of all public education and believes that private, for profit charter schools, especially religious ones, should be the way that America educates its students. She's also an heir to the Amway fortune, which you might recognize as a notorious pyramid sch... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Pi has just been calculated to over 31 trillion digits (smashing the old record) and it took 111 days. Why was that the stopping point? | [
"All those computers cost money. AWS sells time on those computers. When paying customers want to use them, the pi folks have to wait. They wanted to announce before March 124 (pi day) and that's how far they got."
] | [
"While you might think this, there are not that many possible decks of cards. Only 80.658 x 10^66 . OK, that seems like a lot, but 2^4096 , the number of 4096 bit encryption keys is 1.044 x 10^1230 , a substantially larger number. Even 256 bit keys have 1.157 x 10^77 values, more than your decks of cards. Computers... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What is Modern Macroeconomic Theory and why do none of the top economists support it? | [
"At a simple level, it posits a disconnect between spending and taxes. That is, the amount government spends is unrelated to the amount it collects as tax revenue. Instead, this discrepancy is merely an exercise in monetary policy. Imagine for a moment that the U.S. government decided to just stop collecting taxes.... | [
"How well regarded are the writings of Joseph Campbell by historians?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do our ears and noses continue to grow as we age but not the rest of our bodies? | [
"Neither your ears nor your nose continue to grow late into your life. Most of the tissue in both is cartilage, which doesn't have a blood supply and can't regrow. That's why the cartilage in your knees doesn't repair itself, requiring knee replacements in later life. What actually happens is that the cartilage wea... | [
"You have a higher concentration of nerves in your hand than you have in most other places on your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Emphasis on the "5" of ELI5, explain why pi is important in modern day living | [
"To describe any circle, you can use two basic measurements: it's diameter (or radius) and it's circumference. The diameter of a circle is always proportional to its circumference. This means that multiplying the diameter by a specific number will always give you the circumference, and that this specific number is ... | [
"I don't care how anyone ELI5 this question but please do it using an analogy with candy or something."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Finance:"
} |
Why does your mouth get dry and your hands shake when you're nervous? | [
"Your hands shake because of adrenaline. Pumped out by yer adrenal glands atop The kidney. It's getting you primed for \"fight or flight.\" The dry mouth I'd imagine was due to this as well, but, that part of the question I'm clueless to."
] | [
"The butterflies sensation is caused by a lack of blood flow to your stomach. It is a result of adrenaline being released because you are nervous. Different people have different nervous reactions. I dont get butterflies, but my legs get shaky. Some people get sweaty palms. Everyone is a bit different in their resp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do basketball and other sports start at 9:31, 7:31 instead of 9:30, etc? | [
"TV time. When games start on tv there's usually some announcer person talking or its transferring from some pregame show. You tell people the game starts at 7 on tv. People tune in at 7. The announcers give their little pregame talk then the game actually starts."
] | [
"The best way to do this is by breaking the time you're asking about into chunks that are easy to think about. 8:15am to 3:00pm? How much time between 8:15 and 9:00? Forty-five minutes. How much time between 9:00 and noon? Three hours. How much time between noon and 3:00? Three more hours. Put them all together: si... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do most shows use twins for their young, young characters? | [
"Child labor laws - time restrictions on working hours for child actors. 2 kids in one part gets around this"
] | [
"Most of them aren't. That's pretty much the entire plot line of the show. Jealously, cat fights, and falling in love for the \"right reasons.\" The show has it all--except reality, basically."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how can digital products say "while supplies last" when they are presumably no physically associated products? | [
"Depending on who's promoting the giveaway, they may only have a limited supply of electronic keys to give out. Hence limited supply."
] | [
"They are implying scarcity, which makes people want to buy more of it or not put off purchasing it. It's USUALLY but not always a marketing tactic, and a highly effective one. Simply by implying something will only be available in limited quantities and/or for a limited time. That being said, there are also cases ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does WiFi or cellular data work? Are audio / video / text transmitted differently? | [
"In modern world all data is transmitted as binary string of 1s and 0s. How you interpret it makes all the difference. Audio , video and text in digital networks are transmitted similarly as 1s and 0s . In very simple terms: there are a lot of established international standard protocols that state how this binary... | [
"It's very high frequency (2.4 gHz) radio waves that allow two devices to not only connect to each other but also to share data between one another. It's similar to other such protocols, like wi-fi - the router and your laptop communicate and share radio waves to transmit and receive data."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did cavemen’s teeth not rot out or become infected? | [
"Their diets had significantly less sugar. Even the Romans had better teeth than modern citizens. Less sugar equals less bacteria, which causes less problem."
] | [
"No, if you properly brush and floss your teeth, and don't eat too much acidic foods that erode the enamel, your teeth easily last your entire life. Few people do properly floss and brush throughout their lives, so teeth fall victim to decay, one by one. Note that cheap plastic toothbrushes haven't really been arou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do plants know which way is UP? I just planted some germinated seeds in starter pots, being surrounded in soil, how do they know which way to grow? | [
"To oversimplify: A substance within the plants settles downward due to gravity, and in response the plants grow the *other* way. Plant growth in relation to gravity is called gravitropism (growing toward light is phototropism)."
] | [
"Yes they are alive. The carrot you have in your refrigerator may not sprout given the best care possible. The top was taken off. It was washed repeatedly, and is at the end of its life cycle. The sweet potato I bought last Thanksgiving and left on the counter sprouted a week ago. I threw it out today. It was proba... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Botany:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Botany:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why can one person in the senate stop something from being voted on? | [
"Because a majority of the Senators have given him the power to do so. Mitch McConnell is the Senate Majority Leader. As the leading Republican in the Senate, the rest of the Republican Senators have chosen him to lead them. As such, he can say \"We're just not going to even vote on this.\" It may seem ridiculo... | [
"It isn't a majority, its just enough to stop anything from moving forward. If they had enough people to actually repeal the law, it would have happened the.50 previous times it came up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do we know what the guts of an atom are? How are we able to count protons etc.? | [
"Have you ever played with the toy with the hundreds of metal rods on one side and the other side has a glass square to prevent the rods from spilling off? When you pressed you hand on the rod side it would push the rods to the glass side revealing the imprint of your hand. We have machines that do that and reveal ... | [
"Well, we have observed it directly and can make it in laboratories. There isn't any reason to argue for its existence any more than there is a reason to argue for the existence of electrons and protons, we can just look at the stuff and see how it behaves."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people react differently to spicy foods? | [
"well spicy foods destroy the receptors that can detect the spice, so people who eat spicy stuff a lot have mostly destroyed receptors so can't feel the full pain anymore"
] | [
"If you drink coffee every day to wake yourself up in the morning, you will eventually become addicted. How would this contribute to you becoming addicted to alcohol, tobacco or methamphetamines? They're completely different drugs with different effects, different feelings and, most importantly, different chemistry... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The logic behind "That is SUCH a Virgo move!" What defines an astrological sign's personality, and how does everyone seem to know about them by heart? | [
"In my opinion there is no logic to. The time of the year will have more of an impact on your personality than the environment you were brought up in? Nah not for me. The reason why you see inconsistencies is because it's not real. Just Google debunk astrology signs, there loads of experiments been done. In my exp... | [
"Unless you believe in astrology and stuff like that, none whatsoever. It has zero basis in scientific fact and can't affect anything on an individual level. Don't believe everything you read on the internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do vehicles detect how far you can go on your current amount of gas? Wouldn’t sensors not work due to the gas sloshing around? | [
"Average gas mileage is built in. Cars estimate the remaining mileage based on how much gas is left. Yes, the gas sloshes around a bit, but while the car is in constant motion, the gas doesn’t move a lot. It moves around mostly when braking or accelerating."
] | [
"Automatics know when to change gears based off of lines that go into your engine. These lines respond to the pressure that's built up in the engine from vapors. If there's too much pressure, it shifts up. Likewise if there is too little pressure, it'll shift down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do fitness trackers and smart watches need the green lights/lasers to operate, and why are they always green? | [
"They seem to be using a technology called Photoplethysmography (PPG) where green (and sometimes infrared) light is flashed onto the skin and sensors measure the return amount. & #x200B; Blood is red (duh) and it absorbs green light. During a heartbeat, there is more blood flow, than in between heartbeats. & #x20... | [
"The TV remote is not high intensity infrared. It is built with the idea that some stupid person might point it at their eye. So they only made it as powerful as it needed to be for the receiver in the tv to get the signal. There are infrared lasers which can literally melt your eyeballs but they are not sold for h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What exactly does it mean to buy/sell a town? | [
"It wouldn't work the way it's depicted in the show. Basically, a small community comes under a single owner; either because it was a mine/railway/mill town in a remote area that started under the ownership of a single firm, or because an individual decided to buy it up as people moved. If people are still living t... | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is cancer so difficult to cure? How long will it take to cure? | [
"Cancer is hard to cure for a few reasons: 1. It's really lots and lots of different diseases - talking about \"curing cancer\" is like talking about \"curing viruses\". 2. Ultimately cancer is made up of bits of you that have gone wrong - so it's harder to find a difference between the bits that are causing the pr... | [
"Dramatically increased survival rates for many types of cancer. Cancer isn't one single disease. There are many different kinds, and they behave differently and have to be studied and treated differently, which is why we haven't \"cured cancer\". Many kinds of cancer are curable today, and as long as they're disco... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do planes know when there's an air turbulence in front to turn on the seatbelt signs? | [
"There are multiple ways that pilots can know turbulence is coming. Some kinds of turbulence can be seen on the radar on the plane. Sometimes pilots can see conditions that are likely to cause turbulence (like layers in the clouds). Additionally, pilots will report turbulent conditions on the radio, so at times ai... | [
"If anything goes wrong on a plane, there's a good chance it's going to happen during take-off or landing. You have to turn off your electronics so that - if anything does go wrong - you'll be able to hear the pilot or flight attendants give you instructions. Your tray table is up so you can stand up and get out of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What in electricity gives you power? | [
"Electricity flow can be thought of as a waterfall. Volts is the height of the waterfall, current is the size of the water flow. Instead of water droplets, replace them with electrons. If you increase the voltage applied to the circuit, you are increasing the “potential difference”, ie the height of the waterfall. ... | [
"No matter left, only energy. Its a pure 100% efficient conversion."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why does it get harder for helicopters to climb the higher they get? | [
"The elicopters climb moving a certain amount of air downwards. As you go up, the air become less dense, so to move the same volume of air they must do more work"
] | [
"The higher the temperature, the less density the air has and the less lift the plane gets from it. In other words, the hotter it is, the longer the runway you will need. There are charts for every plane that says lot long the runway needs to be at different temperatures. The charts typically stop at around 120 deg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If two people were sleeping face to face very intimately close together, could you steal each other’s air where one or both of you would not get enough oxygen? | [
"Air contains about 20% oxygen and about 16% when you exhale so even exhaled breath has enough oxygen in it, what it does contain is extra carbon dioxide which may make you breathe more rapidly."
] | [
"It gives you the chance to hold something and breath without swallowing. Imagine if the substance was blood, poison, or saltwater: would you really want to swallow? By the same token, say your mouth is full of water and you try to breathe through your nose; do you want that water going into your lungs? It's all to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How is Pi programmed into calculators? | [
"They don't need to put in the whole number. They just have to put it in to the point where the next digit won't change much at all. After the tenth digit of pi for example not much will change in your calculation."
] | [
"A Turing Complete programming language or computer is one that's capable of simulating an arbitrary Turing Machine. The Turing Machine was a hypothetical computer proposed by Alan Turing. Basically, if your programming language has: * if, then, else * goto * basic math * arrays then it's going to be Turing Compl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do potholes form? | [
"Potholes form when water gets into cracks in the road surface and freezes at night. When water freezes, it expands. This pushes the crack wider and wider until passing cars knock pieces out. Potholes can form in the fall or spring but are more likely in the spring. The snow accumulation over winter is a constant ... | [
"Because most people don't live where penguins live."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does night vision cameras work? | [
"When it's dark there is not enough photons to trigger the sensors in our eyes. But there are still enough to trigger the sensors in an CCD camera. The processor inside the CCD camera increases the level of the received data so that there is a higher perceived brightness and as such you can see the details. More EL... | [
"Does natural lighting, in fact, make it easier to concentrate?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
AM & FM frequencies. | [
"Ham radio operator here. There is a lot of good information about the differences in Frequency Modulation and Amplitude Modulation. But the question was, why is FM 88 to 108 and AM 530 to 1710. The FCC in the USA (more globally, the ITU in the United Nations) designates the frequencies to be used for specific pur... | [
"This is a very good video explaining the situation. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Geography:"
} |
How do scientists aboard the ISS ensure no water ingress on electrical equipment? | [
"They do try to seal up electrical components. Not only from water ingress but also dust. However it is not a much bigger issue on ISS then on Earth and a lot of the equipment they have is regular off the shelf components that you likely have at home. They do have a ventilation system that they have turned on quite... | [
"This is actually a big concern for NASA and the like. In order to reduce the likelihood of cross contamination, probes are built in sterilized clean rooms which keeps initial contamination to a minimum. Additionally, the trip to the other planet and the hostile environment help to kill almost everything else that ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't we freely zoom-in in videos/gifs while we can in still-photos? | [
"You can...? I don’t recall the last time I used a desktop media player that didn’t support this and mobile players are starting to (iOS does out of the box)."
] | [
"A gif consists of several images. When you load a gif for the first time, your browser is having to load each frame of the gif. If the gif is particularly long or of a higher quality then it'll take longer, so it appears choppy at first. To get an idea of this, find a GIF and put it through [Gif Exploder](_URL_0_)... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is happening in our brain when we begin to talk and our words come out mixed up and we end up saying gibberish, and we have to "restart" what we were saying? | [
"As someone who had a stuttering problem early in life, I would imagine that for most people their brain is already thinking two or three or more words ahead of what they are saying. One of the most difficult things about stuttering is getting “stuck.” Where you can’t get out of the stutter even when you realize it... | [
"No. Stuttering is a problem people have translating their thoughts into the complex tongue and mouth movements needed to create speech. Stuttering is different however from stumbling on your words, like when you don't know what to say or you forget the word you're looking for or you say the wrong word. Deaf people... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Language and cognition:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Language and cognition:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How was it possible that drug money saved economy in global crisis?Isn't drug money illegal money? | [
"Well it sort of helped the economy at least. When a person buys drugs they are spending their money instead of sitting on it, now the person that sold the drugs can buy food and other things he/she needs and or wants, which helps to pay wages and help people keep their jobs. It made money more availiable to get, s... | [
"The business is a front or part of it is a sham. Like the other poster said it \"washed\" dirty money -hiding it's origins. The business doesn't benefit but the criminals sure do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are there always a bunch of super long infomercials on tv only at hours when no one would be watching tv? | [
"TV Shows don't pay for airtime, they're the filler between paid ads. That filler is only worth what kind of viewers they drive. Late at night, it's a very small pie to be fighting over - but it is a very particular demographic. So, instead of paying millions to produce a show that nobody wants to watch and sell ... | [
"If they had commercials at different times, you could just switch to another channel instead of watching commercials. And that wouldn't really benefit the channel you switch to because you can do the same again when their commercials come on. So all channels benefit from keeping their commercials roughly in sync w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why do whales breach so violently? I understand they need to breathe, but putting their whole body out of the water and crashing all of their weight down seems excessive. | [
"the impact may dislodge parasites like crabs and barnacles, but the most likely reason is the same reason their small cousins the dolphins launch themselves into the air: it's fun!"
] | [
"the more violent the storm, the larger the waves. the larger the waves, the longer the time between waves. an air breathing mammal would have plenty of time to grab a breath in a large wave trough. Not to mention - whales and dolphins can leap from the water. Not sure if they are able to grab a breath while doing... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Marine biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Marine biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do many species need two sexes in order to reproduce? | [
"It will contribute to genetic variation in a population, compared to asexual reproduction where all offspring will be rather similar. This genetic variation is important in natural selection and will prevent a single epidemic (e.g. disease) from wiping out an entire population"
] | [
"Physical features have nothing to do with being a species. Being a part of the same species is defined as being able to breed and produce offspring that can then produce more offspring."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
why do bridges not form potholes but normal roads do? | [
"Bridges lack what most roads have, a lively earth underneath them. Despite having many inches or sometimes even feet of packed gravel roadbed, the soil beneath undulates, heaving up in some places, and sinking away in other places. Additionally the gravel roadbed itself is susceptible to water displacement. Usual... | [
"Not all are. A great deal are, but there are some areas where it's dirt, and other where it's cement. But it's because stone offer the most support. Dirt can get washed away as mud after a torrential downpour, stones don't do that as often. You even still see trains have trouble with areas that have a lot of dirt ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
is ignorance of the law ever an excuse, when society has more laws than anybody can possibly remember? | [
"I don't believe there is any legal precedent allowing ignorance as a defense for breaking a law. That being said cops, prosecutors, and judges can and do use discretion when deciding how to handle cases. Edit: Never mind. Apparently, if a law requires a person to have acted willfully in order to break it then igno... | [
"> How am I, as a new adult who just left home, expected to know (beyond killing, stealing, and harming people and their properties) what is legal and what is not? You really can't know every law, and the phenomenon is known as \"overcriminalization\". The number of laws is literally unknowable now; even the legisl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Law and government:"
} |
How do you read a stock chart? | [
"P/E is price earnings ratio... that's the company's stock price relative to its annual profits per share. For most companies, it's typically around 15 or so. For slow growth companies like a utility, it might only be 5 or so, and for fast growth companies it might be well over 100. Can even be infinite if the comp... | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does Beer taste good when it's cold but tastes awful when warm? | [
"Same reason CokaCola tastes good cold but too sweet warm, or how coffee tastes good hot but too bitter cold. When you drink a beverage et an extreme temperature (i.e. cold or hot), the temperature of the liquid changes how your taste buds react to it. The more extreme the temperature to either side of body temp, t... | [
"Good coffee tastes good hot, warm or cold. Shit coffee tastes ok when your taste buds don't work...ie extreme temperatures."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do out brains release endorphins when we eat refined-sugar products, but don’t when we eat nutrient-rich vegetables? | [
"Good sources of energy had been harder to come by throughout human evolution. Vegetables grow everywhere, so they're not as important to seek out -but energy-packed sugary and fatty foods were scarcer, therefore it was an evolutionary advantage to seek them especially."
] | [
"\"unhealthy\" food iteams like candy, chips, french fries, ect are all really high in sugars, salts, and more importantly, high in calories. early man learned to crave these foods because when food is scarce, High caloric foods are \"healthier\" for you and suppl you with more energy than what we think of now as \... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are 4k TVs with a ton of features cheaper per-inch than a computer monitor of equivalent specs? | [
"There are some specs that aren’t mentioned in tvs. One important spec is latency. I would venture to say that a tv will be much slower on the order of 15- or more milliseconds. A good gaming monitor has 1 millisecond response time."
] | [
"Don't be fooled by the clock speed of mobile processors. Your smartphone is not nearly as fast as even a low-end modern PC. Also, phone screens may be high resolution, but they're *small*. A 4\" screen is cheaper to make than a 12\" screen with the same number of pixels."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about gaming:"
} |
Why is it expected of a worker to put in a 2-week notice. But employers aren't expect to give a worker 2-weeks notice prior to termination? | [
"Also seems to just be a US thing. Which makes sense. Americans live in a culture of fear. Anyway, following this."
] | [
"Generally, leaving a company doesn't make you bad if you notify your manager ahead of time and be polite. The company may very likely welcome you back years down the road just as well. And the company can't really fire you unless you've done something to deserve it whenever they feel like it, but may lay you off f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The economics of getting a low level law ruled unconstitutional. | [
"ACLU possibly. Look them up. Support them if you care about freedom of speech, press, religion, etc. This assumes this happened in the US."
] | [
"It is constitutional until the courts rule it unconstitutional. Currently it is firmly on the side of \"legally required\"."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Can someone explain to me the sensation behind why people hunt and kill whales? I’ve always been told it’s for culinary purposes except I’ve NEVER ever seen a whale prepared or know how it would be. I watch so many travel/food documentaries and blogs. Traditions maybe? Same as trophy hunting? | [
"It is for culinary purposes. Japan consumes more than 5,000 tons of whale meat every year, and it's eaten less commonly in various other countries, mostly by small indigenous populations. Whales are also killed for \"research purposes,\" though in fact this is often just a mask for hunting for meat. It's possible ... | [
"Personally speaking, my belief on eating animals is that I’ll eat anything that wasn’t born or bred for the express purpose of killing it later. Venison is meat but no one’s farming deer - serve it up. Fried alligator is a delight. And I eat a lot of fish because I have a lot of family that like to go fishing and ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is the quality of old music videos (usually pre-2010) bad on the internet? | [
"If they were made to be shown on television, and not on a computer, they were likely made before HD was a thing, so at best they were mastered at 480i resolution. If the videos were made on film, they could be remastered to 4k (most film is incredibly high quality which is why you can take a 1940's film and make i... | [
"The originals were filmed in higher quality -- it had to be downgraded to fit the consumer technology available at the time. Older movies are the same."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do some young kids have potbellies and others have flat adult bellies? | [
"Can't wait for a better answer on here. There are definitely reasons besides spinal problems and the abdominal muscle tone of 4 year olds."
] | [
"Visceral fat is the fat they accumulates inside your body between your organs. Subcutaneous fat is the fat that's under your skin. As your visceral fat increases, it can start pushing on your vital organs and possibility damage and or impair them. You ever see a guy with scrawny legs and arms, and a big ol' pot be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the point of criminals getting lawyers? | [
"How do you know they committed that \"obvious crime\"? What are the legal elements to prove that crime and is there enough evidence to prove it? How do you know what an appropriate sentence is? Have the defendants rights been infringed in any way? If a guilty plea was obtained, was it obtained free from duress? Th... | [
"For the same reason that other rich people don't get as harsh of a punishment; they can afford expensive lawyers. There's a surprising degree of socioeconomic bias in our legal system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do batteries work a bit longer when switched around? | [
"If the voltage is getting low, any bit of electrical resistance you can get rid of helps maximizing the voltage the device gets. Even just taking them out and putting back can scrape a bit of corrosion from the end caps of the cells and the contacts in the device. Plus resting the batteries, even briefly while swi... | [
"The battery holds charge like any other battery, it just lasts a long time because it uses so little electricity. You can open your key fob and change the battery if it runs out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
if sound travels better in water, why cant we hear well underwater? | [
"You can hear very well underwater if the sound originated in the water. Clank two coins underwater in a pool and you can hear it clearly on the other side. The difficulty is when the sound originates in air. A lot of the energy is lost/reflected when transitioning from air to water."
] | [
"It's because it is lighter than air and sound (your voice) also travels through it faster than it would in regular breathable air. There is another gas that makes your voice sound very deep but I forget it's name since the last time I read about this subject was over a year ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How fine can sand get? | [
"The fineness of sand is dependent on the size of the particles of the sand. Find sand is very small particles. Coarse sand is larger. However, if sand gets too big of particles, it is no longer called sand. It is instead called gravel. Similarly, if sand gets too small, it is no longer called sand, and instead it ... | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does programming a video game work? Can the devs test it at any given moment? | [
"Generally, a program must be \"compiled\" to run. Compiling the the process of taking human-readable programming and turning it into computer-readable machine code. When programming, the programmer will do a bunch of changes, compile the program, and test the compiled version. They will then find bugs, go back and... | [
"I strongly recommend making a web-based game. The second you try adding something like a 3d engine and modeling there is NO WAY you will finish it as a school project. I hope you take my advice"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Video game design:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Video game design:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Education:"
} |
How do lecturers grade exam papers if they can’t read a person’s handwriting? | [
"One of the directions on my exams is always: \"Please write clearly and legibly, any answers or work the grader can not understand will be counted off\" Was there not something similar on the cover page before you started the exam?"
] | [
"It usually takes longer to spell out a signature than to just scratch it down. There are also many people out there who don't know how to write cursive and therefore don't know how to sign their name. Theoretically it would also be more difficult to forge."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are there no whales or other marine mammals the size of regular fish? | [
"Warm blooded creatures, mammals, maintain an internal body temperature. Where as cold blood creatures(fish regulate their body temperature with the external environment. Why is that important? Water is a heat sink, as such water tends to take the heat out of surrounding objects. Thus, if an organism spends a large... | [
"No, there were mammals as well as fish and of course all sorts of insects."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why use essential oils? | [
"Because you can placebo yourself into curing measles and erectile disfunction /s. I would say that there aren't any reasons at all; Aromatherapy, just like homeopathy, is a pseudoscience"
] | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do people in USA get admission in college through a normal process? | [
"You submit an application - your personal information, a transcript from your high school, college preparatory exam (SAT/ACT) scores, and often an introductory letter. Admissions staff then process that information and decide who to admit."
] | [
"Provided they can speak understandable English and are able to pass certification then sure. There are no rules about being native to teach."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do calculators find values for any trig ratio since there is no specific value for any function? | [
"What do you mean there is no specific value? Trig functions have a unique and specific output for every input. A trig function, at its core, is just division."
] | [
"Just numerical values. Pi is a constant so all the rules and principals associated with it would be the same, just with different numerical values."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Mathematics:"
} |
Where do animals like squirrels get water? | [
"There is different way to ger water that is not drinking. & #x200B; On is to eat food that contain a lot of water another is to metabolite food. . Humans generate \\~0.4 liter of water per day from the food we metabolize. & #x200B; The amount you need to drink and can be supplied by food depend in the size and t... | [
"Because most people don't live where penguins live."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why add salt to a water softening system? | [
"\"Hard\" water is water that has a lot of non-sodium salts dissolved in it - calcium salts, potassium salts, etc. Those are the cause of build up on taps and in water heaters. Water softeners remove those salts through a process called \"ion exchange\" where the calcium and potassium ions are pulled from the water... | [
"It's mostly the mineral content that determines the \"hardness\" of the water. Hard water usually has large amounts of calcium and lime. Soft water had been run through a reverse osmosis saline process to remove excess minerals, making the water easier and gentler on your shower head, pipes, and body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does the chalk on the cue in pool actually do? When should it be used and how much? Does it even matter? | [
"It gives the tip of the cue some grip/friction to prevent a miscue (the cue sliding off the ball in an uncontrolled fashion). If you're shooting a shot dead on this isn't likely, but whenever you're hitting off centre to give the ball some spin it helps."
] | [
"It's supposed to increase the friction so that the stick doesn't slip when you strike the ball. It's not that important if you're just hitting the ball in the center, as most casual players do. But if you're doing something fancy where you strike the ball off-center to put a spin on it, then making sure there's en... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does Nigeria have such a big population? | [
"Nigeria is about twice the size of California, most of the land in the South is fertile and has plenty of water. With recent finds of oil there is relatively a lot of money in Nigeria and the population has dramatically expanded over the last 50 years with large families being born and a high survival rate for the... | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why would a Helicopter have no problem carrying thousands of pounds at a low altitude, but cannot carry the same weight at a significantly higher altitude? | [
"Air is significantly thinner at high altitude. So a helicopter cannot produce enough lift without anything to resist it."
] | [
"generally there is less turbulence the higher you go. It would not save time because it's much harder to fly fast at lower altitudes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
the offsides call for hockey because i just don't get it!! | [
"The puck must cross the blue line before any players from the team who control the puck do. This prevents players from camping out in the opposing zone, waiting for a long pass from the other side of the ice. Once the puck is in one of the end zones, if it goes back outside the blue line, all of the players must g... | [
"because all you want to see is us making out,and you get pissed when you can't join women usually don't feel that way about gays"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
If computers run on code, then how did the original computers know how to process code? How was the first computer programmed? | [
"There is something called \"machine code\", which is the code actually executed by processors. The processors are physically built to understand such code, they \"know\" how to execute it because of the way their transistors are connected."
] | [
"If Sastrabitrals explanation is too detailed, here's the gist. It's going to change how the computer functions at its most basic level. They might add them on to current designs to boost up a standard computer's performance. Or they might build something new from the ground up. But either way, the folks who put ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about computing:"
} |
How do telomeres effect our death? | [
"In several ways. One is that each time a cell divides, the telomeres get shorter. When they get too short, the cell can no longer divide."
] | [
"On a Tedx talk, Cynthia Kenyon, talked about the affect of glucose and sugar on aging. Evidently, certain genes are affected by sugar thus causing you to age more. I have also heard about sugar affecting your immune system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
I keep hearing Palm Oil is bad for your health. Just why is it worse than other oils such as sunflower, soybean etc? | [
"Palm Oil is high in saturated fat, which is taught to be bad for cardiac health. Whether or not saturated fats are bad or not is highly contentious- those who follow the Keto diet (high fat, low carb) often test for lower cholesterol levels after starting the diet as it trains the body to use fat as its fuel sour... | [
"Nope, natural products contain saturated fats, it has nothing to do with cooking. For example, olive oil contains about 13% saturated and 85% unsaturated fats. Butter, on the other hand, has a lot, and so does coconut oil."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the 4k recording on an S5 differ from the 4k recording on the S10 if it's the same resolution? | [
"The video sensor picks up less noise on the S10, the preprocessor does a better job of interpolating the signal, and the compression preserves the data that better represents what was originally seen. Think of the video like a glass of water. Both videos hold 4K (or 4oz of water) but the quality of that water can ... | [
"The camera isn't that good, I have the 1080p version from a few years ago. Compared to the GoPro Hero 4 Black, it really pales in comparison to color accuracy, dynamic range, light sensitivity, etc. To answer your main question, cramming a bunch of pixels into a small camera does not result in good images. Some ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Dolby Surround and Pro Logic work if it's just stereo audio? | [
"Prologic works by flipping the phase on the audio meant for the rear channel. The decoder works like this: * any audio this is present on both the left and right channel and is in phase, is routed to the center speaker. * any audio that is present on both the left and right channel but is out of phase is routed ... | [
"If you are using standard television speakers and the movie is in stereo (like 5.1), some systems or players treat those speakers like midrange. The voices come out of the center channels/speakers on a 5 speaker system, so those being absent, it's much quieter. Imagine listening to a CD with only a subwoofer. My ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
If results from mouse models are not applicable to humans most of the time, why are they still used today? | [
"Mice (along with many other mammals) have a lot of similarities with humans, so testing on them can be a good starting point before you subject humans to testing, where there could be more ethical issues if something goes wrong. Mice also have the advantages of being cheap to acquire and quick to mature and have o... | [
"Mice and rats can be bred to be susceptible to certain diseases and neurological conditions. However, breeding by itself is often not enough, so researchers will also use artificial means to induce the specific condition that they want to study (like Alzheimer's or schizophrenia). A lot of the time this is accompl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the Standard Deviation not a Valid Measurement for Throughput | [
"> we were seeing an SD of 4% meant that the distribution was not normal A normal distribution can have any SD you want. You can't determine whether a distribution is normal from the SD alone. > what he really wanted to know is the variance Variance is the square of the SD. They're perfectly correlated. The only d... | [
"The Words that are Capitalised are not done so through a Process of Randomness; Rather, They are Words which are Nouns or which are Nominalised Verbs. The Practise of capitalising Proper Nouns, Names, Titles, and the Initial Word of a Sentence is the Surviving Trace of this once-extant Rule, which was an Inheritan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do aquatic animals like dolphins die so quickly if they're out of water when they can breathe on land? | [
"If their skin isn’t kept wet, it causes severe damage to their body. That’s why in rescue videos you see people using hoses, towels, everything they can to keep them soaked with water. Another issue with whales/dolphins is their body weight on land. They’re meant to be in water — so having all that weight on land... | [
"They get it from the food that they eat. Whales, and dolphins, can't starve to death, they die of dehydration first. They do get a little bit from sea water but their kidneys can't remove much salt so if they accidentally drink too much sea water when they eat that could kill them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:"
} |
How do artists realistically paint transparent things like glass? | [
"You spent years as a child learning to see the world as abstract shapes. A blue ball, a pink stick figure, a green car. Reality isn't abstract. as /u/copperbean17 wrote, \"paint what you see\" - not their symbols and shapes. You can practice this by painting still life, ignoring shapes and instead painting colors.... | [
"There are paints which are not particularly adhesive. Watercolors for example. All he would need to do is use one of those kinds of paint for the ends of the paper sheets."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do nearly all human to human bite wounds become infected? | [
"The bacteria in the human mouth has already adapted to living in a human, so it's perfectly comfortable in a human bite wound. When another animal bites you, the mouth bacteria isn't comfortable inside a human so it dies easier."
] | [
"Colonies of bacteria or viruses will over time have mutations. If these mutations are beneficial, they will ensure that specimens with the mutation are more likely to survive than those that done (Survival of the Fittest). Over time, bacterial and viral colonies evolved to be able to infect other organisms. Eventu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why can't all batteries be recharged? | [
"Regular disposable batteries are alkaline. Basically they have two compartments of different materials that when joined create electricity. Eventually this barrier between them corrodes and the battery died because it's been all used up. Rechargable batteries have a different composition inside- nickel cadmium (t... | [
"Batteries and yes they need to be replaced from time to time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do vasectomies work? | [
"There is a tube where your sperm travels through to get to the semenal fluid. They make a small incision on your sack, fish this little crochet hook around until they catch it. They pull the tube out of your bag and snip it (this is really the only part that hurts. The other side sucks because you know what they a... | [
"Because it increases your heart rate and depending on the surgery, could be life threatening. We have much safer anaesthetics now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does used gum stick to the pavement forever? | [
"It doesn't. You can scrape it up if you're feeling squirrelly. It turns black from dirt, mud, etc as people walk on it and eventually loses its stickiness (think dirt and gunk on tape), but you can still scrape it up. I'm pretty sure it's easier to do the older it is, but don't quote me on that."
] | [
"If you lick your fingers or get them wet before touching the gum, it doesn't stick as much. It doesn't stick to the inside of your mouth because of the layer of saliva preventing it from coming in to direct contact with the surfaces."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do lawyers attempt to defend the indefensible? E.g. mass murderers? | [
"For something like a mass murderer, it's likely that there are a number of lawyers will to do the work pro bono (they benefit from the publicity). On a more idealistic note, it is an essential part of our justice system that everyone has the right to a vigorous defense. Keep in mind that before that mass murderer ... | [
"A related question were there public figures at the time who were apologists that tried to justify for the actions of the Japanese military at Pearl Harbor?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does propulsion work in space? | [
"The force is provided by making very light things (the rocket exhaust gases) move very fast. Isaac Newton said that every action has an equal and opposite reaction, so if you push the gases out, then the gases push back. You could do the same thing if you had blocks of something heavy that you shot out the back. O... | [
"nuclear fuel rods heat water, steam turns a turbine. they are very basic, no need to complicate it more than need be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does radio stations get paid and who pays to support them? | [
"Most radio stations get money from companies paying to get their ads played on the station. NPR is supported by the government (minimally) and from stations that pay them for their content. Those stations are mostly supported by their listeners."
] | [
"Because they're popular and most people don't listen to the same station all day every day. Popular songs = more listeners = more ad revenue or in XM's case, more subscribers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Music:"
} |
Do fish need water? Outside of breathing, how do salt water fish get their water intake, seeing the water is salty? | [
"Their body chemistry is able to use saltwater. For most saltwater fish, they'd die more or less immediately if put in freshwater, and vice versa."
] | [
"The reason humans and other land based animals shouldn't drink salt water is because our kidneys can't make our urine saltier than the salt water. This leads to dehydration and eventually death. Whales have larger kidneys that can make saltier urine, so they absorb water from the salt water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why does the fridge door seem so much harder to open when you just closed it? | [
"The cold dry air was just replaced with humid air at room temperature, and when it is cooled, the pressure drops. Over time pressure will be equalized, as the seal isnt perfect. And thats why it is easier to open the fridge the first time, compared to when you realize you forgo something and try to open it again. ... | [
"Huh? I have this the other way around. When I sit it's all good, but when I stand and start to walk I have to hurry to the bathroom."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it after a long time of viewing pornography you start looking for more and more hardcore porn as the old more soft-core videos dont satisfy you anymore? | [
"Its called Desensitization! You've seen it and done the business. The next time it just isnt interesting anymore. (As an extreme example here) Its the same reason why nobody gives a shit about terrorist attacks or school shootings or whatever: it happens once and its a big shock, it happens every other week and it... | [
"Imagine it like a burger ad from McDonalds. These Burgers are made to be really good looking, and they specifically prepare them for advertisement to look as delicious as possible, with photoshop etc. But everyone knows what a cheeseburger at McDonalds really looks like. Same with porn. Sex irl is sloppy, weird no... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does our normal voice sound different than our voice from a recording? | [
"You do sound like that, actually. The voice you hear when you play back a recording is the voice everyone else hears; you're the only one that hears you the way you hear yourself. What's happening is that in addition to hearing the sound of your voice through the air, you're hearing the sound of your voice carried... | [
"I'm with KingRobotPrince here, I like how my voice sounds deeper when I have a cold. In fact, when I get that voice, I record the greeting on my voice mail."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Language and Communication:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Language and Communication:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
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