query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What causes the body to have physical pain while being depressed? | [
"Your brain makes a variety of feel-good chemicals. When you are depressed, these chemicals are not behaving as they should. They can easily change the way your brain perceives pain. While there may not be anything physically wrong with (for example) your stomach, you may feel extremely nauseous. And even if you s... | [
"Extreme weather is an example of stress on your body, which likely results in a sour temperament. This is similar to why you feel cranky when you are in pain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why roads look like wet puddles when it is extremely hot outside? | [
"This is an example of a mirage. The sun heats up the bitumen, and it creates a very thin layer of very hot air. That hot air is less dense than the air above it, and this acts as a lens, curving light that approaches from a shallow angle upwards. This looks a bit like how light reflects off of a still puddle."
] | [
"Wind can make it feel cooler than it really is. Humidity can make it feel warmer than it really is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does any object emit light when it undergoes combustion? How are photons emitted ? | [
"The second law of thermodynamics states that energy can not be created nor destroyed, only moved and changed. When an object is heated, it gains energy in the form of heat. The object will then try and dissipate this energy into the surrounding air. Most of the time, this energy comes out as thermal energy, but if... | [
"> How can you measure the heat of something by firing light at it? It doesn't fire light at it, it looks at light coming off of it. Everything emits light of a frequency related to its temperature, an example is how metal will glow visibly when very hot. Cooler things still emit light but not in the visible range.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How skiers and other athletes can make landing after falling great distances. | [
"What hurts when you fall a long way is the sudden stop. These people land on slopes that are steep enough, and keep sliding fast enough that they don't suddenly stop, which means they don't feel the same impact as say, hitting a wall at that speed. I'm big into these kinds of sports and we always have to take int... | [
"If you had the thighs of gods and can jump at unhuman speeds, maybe. For the rest of us, no. The momentum change from jumping won't make a difference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Physics:"
} |
Why we don’t swallow our tongue when we sleep? | [
"Next time you have a chance, and when it won't make you look weird, stick your finger under your tongue and sweep towards the center. You should hit a web of tissue under the middle of your tongue. This is called the *frenulum linguae*, and it connects the underside of your tongue to the floor of your mouth. This ... | [
"Your face is swollen when you wake up from sleeping? You might want to stop sleeping hanging upside down, mate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens to the wax in a candle and it's lit for a while? Does it evaporate? If so, is it harmful to the atmosphere? | [
"Actually no, it burns. The liquid wax is actually the fuel that keeps the wick burning and lit. The wick \"wicks\" the melted wax up where it combusts and burns off."
] | [
"Imagine this. You have a piece of paper, and you have a really hot light. You move the paper close to the light but it doesn't touch the light. The heart from the light causes the paper to burn, thus releasing smoke. The E-Cig is essentially doing the same thing although instead of paper you have some sort of liqu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How can a software be open source and secure from hacking at the same time? | [
"Here's my code #1, I checked it with a few of my mates, and we don't think there's any vulnerabilities. You'll just have to trust us, because I don't want you seeing the code. & #x200B; Here's my code #2, thousands of coders throughout the world have studied it and nobody has found any vulnerabilities. But if you... | [
"Because HTTPS has nothing to do with being hacked or not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What exactly happened in Watergate? | [
"A United States president called Nixon had FBI and CIA spy on Democrats during an election who were headquartered in a hotel named \"Watergate\" in Washington in the 70s. People noticed and he got in trouble. He later gave up the presidency so he couldn't be sued for doing it. (Then everyone watched him fly away i... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
how meteors evaporate in our atmosphere. Why do they disintegrate when entering our planet? | [
"They are travelling very fast. When they hit the atmosphere, the air can't get out of the way fast enough, so it gets more and more compressed in front of the meteor. When you compress air it gets hot. Eventually it gets so hot that it destroys the meteor."
] | [
"Two reasons. 1. The Earth has an atmosphere, so a lot of the things that might strike the earth burn up instead. 2. The earth has an atmosphere and weather, so things that do hit and cause craters erode over time, there isn't erosion on the moon and mars."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Astronomy:"
} |
What would it take for the UK to stay in the EU, and how likely is it? | [
"The UK still has 10 days left to formally withdraw article 50. They can do that unilaterally without the approval of the rest of the EU. The only thing needed would be for May to actually do it. Since May seems incapable of doing anything that seems rather unlikely. In theory the UK could also ask the EU for an ex... | [
"Scotland had a popular vote in order to decide whether or not they should leave the uk in 2014, they voted to stay by a narrow margin on the basis that the UK would remain in the European union. however now the UK have chosen to leave the European union. Unlike the rest of the United Kingdom, Scotland voted to s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does naturally occurring radioactivity differ from the one in power plants? | [
"The natural radioactivity of uranium is a different phenomenon from the nuclear *fission* that's used in nuclear reactors, and vastly different than what happened at Chernobyl. Uranium is only very weakly radioactive; the most abundant form of uranium, uranium-238, has a half-life of 4.468×10^9 years (roughly four... | [
"Radiation is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles. Light and heat for instance are radiation. Some radiation like light, heat, wifi signals etc, is harmless. (In moderation of course). While exposure to higher energy EM radiation like X-rays and Gamma Rays can damage you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does cancer cause fatigue | [
"From what I have researched on cancer after getting it, the cancer cells are malicious cells and multiply very fast. These cells will be using the nutrients and the food you eat to multiply and grow thus leaving less for the body. This is also the reason of sudden weight loss seen in cancer patients."
] | [
"Do they both have side effects that include increased heart rate?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do (game) companies wait so long to announce that they're working on a new title/product? | [
"Hype has a life span. If they announce it 2 years before it comes out everyone will forget about it by the time it comes out"
] | [
"Some games come to PC first and to consoles later (Diablo 3). Some games come to consoles first and PC later because the developers want to optimize the game more or add new features (GTA 5). Some games come to PC later because Sony and/or Microsoft will pay a developer to wait so that the first release of the gam... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
With Keto being one of the bigger diet crazes, what separates being in ketosis from being in full-blown keto-acidosis? What factors does it take for your ketones to make your blood dangerously acidotic? | [
"Basically having high glucose as well causes ketoacidosis. The glucose prevents the body from producing oxaloacetate which prevents ketone production from being regulated."
] | [
"It's not a new diet fad, but it has recently gained a lot of popularity due to its similarity to the Atkin's diet fad, which recently passed through society. In the Atkin's diet, you cut out carbs and increase protein intake. In the Keto diet, you cut out carbs and limit protein intake. The purpose (and namesake)... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do glasses improve eyesight? | [
"In 20/20 eyesight, the lens of the human eye focuses light to fall exactly on the retina. If the lens isn't shaped right, the light will fall ahead of or behind it, and the image will be blurry when it gets to the retina. Glasses fix this by bending the light before it hits the eye to make the light fall on the re... | [
"Do you have corrected vision? And if not can you focus on other small things near your face without getting a headache?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do electric organs inside eels and rays generate electricity? | [
"And more importantly how do I get one for myself?"
] | [
"An action potential of a neuron has about 130 mV difference between its highest and lowest point. If you somehow manage to wire a lot of them together, you could get enough current and voltage to charge a battery. But I hardly doubt that this would be possible without causing severe damage to the unfortunate brain... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why frozen food that defrost is not considerated edible if frozen again? | [
"Two reasons. One, there's more chance of bacterial growth. Two, freezing makes the water in the cells expand, which pops the cells. This doesn't have too much of an effect with one freeze, but multiple freezes will start to give the food and unpleasant mushy texture."
] | [
"The tuna is sealed and pasteurized, if not sterilized. If there's nothing in there to grow and produce toxins it could presumably last forever. Sometines the consume by or sell by date isn't so much about safety as it is about food quality. The taste, color,or texture may degrade over the years, but if the can is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do hot drinks like coffee or tea taste so much different (worse) once they've gone from hot to room-temp? | [
"It's more than just temperature, at least for coffee. When coffee is left sitting out, more than just the water evaporates. Many of the compounds that give coffee its flavor also evaporate readily at room temperatures. Once these start to evaporate, the taste of the coffee is changed for the worse. Iced coffee wil... | [
"Well, it's a matter of expectations. And it's not a matter of liquid vs solid. If you drink a room temperature Pepsi, it will seem warm, because you're used to it being served cold. If you have a coffee at room temperature it will seem cold because you're used to it being served hot. I am sure you've eaten potato ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Language and culture:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Language and culture:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do flushable wet wipes stay intact before being used? | [
"There is no such thing as flushable wipes, despite what some people are marketing their wet wipes as. And this is exactly as you stated. If the wipes is designed to dissolve in water then they would not be able to keep them wet before use. It is possible to design wipes that will slowly dissolve which means they w... | [
"Because the toilet paper needs to be weak enough to break down in the sewer system. Thicker paper, like facial tissues, simply do not break down, and can block sewers. 2-ply paper is strong enough to stay together when you wipe, but still thin enough to break down when it hits water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What makes us have a favorite color? | [
"Some studies have been about this. They suggested that people tend to prefer colors they associate with things they like (for example, a lot of people have a good reaction to a blue sky, or a bright red tomato, so they are inclined to like red or blue). The preferences are generally associated with things that are... | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why isn’t an Einstein’s Cross a circle instead? | [
"[Because the lensing galaxy isn't equally distributed around its center of gravity. If the object responsible for the lensing had perfect rotational symmetry around the axis of the line of sight, then you'd see a circle, an Einstein Ring. However, the galaxy responsible for the lensing may be more disk-shaped than... | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did we know the moon's gravity before we went there and how close were we in our estimates after we got there and checked? | [
"The Moon's gravity is based upon its mass. Since Isaac Newton, a variety of methods were used to measure this, including measuring the tides to measuring the Moon's orbit and its other effects on Earth and other celestial bodies. Prior to actually flying there, estimates had the mass of the Moon to be anywhere fro... | [
"You could. Apollo 11 (and 14 and 15 I think as well) placed mirrors on the moon so you could laser measure it's distance. But moon landing deniers have likely come up with some crazy theory to refute this by now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does utility switching (gas, electric, etc) work? Even if I switch suppliers I’ll be connected to the same line, so why will I suddenly be using 100% green energy? | [
"You can best see utilities as a giant bucket. Suppliers fill the bucket at the top, and the distributor (often regulated by the government) taps it from the bottom and brings it to the customers. There is indeed no difference in the electricity that flows to your house through the wire. Once in the bucket, all ele... | [
"They basically just keep track of how much energy they provided to the communal grid, and how much their customers drew from the communal grid. They can produce it at a certain price, and prove their customers drew that power out the other side, so it doesn't really matter where the specific electrons came from as... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How can babies and mothers have different blood types, but yet the mother shares blood with the baby through the umbilical cord? | [
"Blood isn't actually shared between mother and baby. Instead there is a placental barrier. Blood from baby goes through the umbilical cord to the placenta where the vessels branch out getting thinner up until they form a fine but extensive capillary network. This comes very close to the capillaries of the mother a... | [
"The reason you have to breathe is so that you can get oxygen into your blood so it can get to your organs, especially your brain. Fetuses in the womb get their blood supply through the umbilical cord via the mother's blood which can carry her nutrients - including oxygen - to the fetus. So they have no need to bre... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did I instantly feel the need to throw up while eating breakfast? | [
"Try eating later in the day not everyone is designed to eat immediately or even within two hours of waking up."
] | [
"And why do I have the urge to cough when using them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why do some lights take a long time to turn on? | [
"Most of the time it is because part need to get heated up to emit light and it can take time. Florescent tube need hot filament on each end and they do not heat up that fast. LED lamps do not need to get hot and incandescent have a small filament that heat up fast but other types can have larger part that you nee... | [
"Multiplexing, the lights are actually flashing very fast. I swear this exact question was on here a month or two ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Electrical engineering:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Electrical engineering:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do small screens have a better resolution than bigger screens? | [
"You're looking at just 1 phone, and just 1 laptop screen. Look at ALL screens, and you will see you can get just about any screen resolution in any size you want. We now have tv's that are 8k, which is 4320p, and you can get them in 72\" at any place that sells new tv's. However, you correct if you are thinking ab... | [
"It really depends on how far away you are, and how big the displays are. It's not really about pixel count alone, but the ratio of the number of pixels to the size of the screen. For example, a 28\" 1080p monitor will have a pixel density of about 79ppi, whereas a 60\" 4k TV will have a similar density at about 73... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do the President, members of Congress, school teachers etc pay taxes instead of just making less tax free salary? | [
"There are many, MANY people who get paid from taxes. But they also get their taxes adjusted the way all of us do, for things like other income, capital gains, dependents, school debts, and about a million other things. We would still have to make those adjustments anyway, so there's no real benefit to trying to wr... | [
"A loophole = > tax avoidance Tax evasion == a crime, you go to jail. These are completely different. The Congress adds loopholes on purpose, to encourage people to do things that Congress wants done but don't have the money for, like building businesses or funding charities. Rich people follow the law and take adv... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it possible for 2 devices to communicate without wires?! Bluetooth, WiFi, telephone...?! | [
"Both devices have an antenna that resonates. The transmitting device sends the signal by encoding it in subtle changes to the vibration of the antenna, and the receiving device picks it up by listening on the same frequency. & #x200B; It is worth noting that cell phones rarely, if ever, connect directly to each o... | [
"It is a wireless technology not as powerful as Wifi. Two sets of chips, one on each device talk to each other through radio frequencies. Fairly simple but more techy read: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If taking ibuprofen reduces your fever, but your body raises it's temperature to fight infection, does ibuprofen reduce your body's ability to fight infection? | [
"There's mixed studies on this but the general consensus is yes. Barring an extremely high fever where it's causing damage to your body, lowering a fever will have either no positive effect on your body, or a negative effect. It's primarily to make you more comfortable. As the vast majority of fever-causing illness... | [
"When you are sick with something like the flu, the bodies natural defense is to raise your body temperature to help kill off invading bacteria/viruses. The feeling of being cold is your blood temperature being colder than your bodies new set point"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do towels that are washed and then air dried end up so much rougher than ones that are tumble dried? | [
"The fibers stay clumped together and form little points when air drying, rather than being fluffed apart in the dryer."
] | [
"Dryer, usually. Think about what happens in each machine, versus how you would do it by hand. When you wash clothes by hand, you put them in water with some laundry soap and swish them around a lot and then rinse the soap off. That is exactly what a washing machine does, so if washing stuff by hand doesn't shrink ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are judges who sentence violent gangsters publicly known, and why dont gangs target them if they know their identities? | [
"In countries where cartels have a large degree of influence, judges and such often are targeted. In less lawless countries, targeting judges for assassination is a great way to get the federal government to come down on you, hard which is much worse than local police."
] | [
"It's less the way we deal with sex offenders more the way we classify them that upsets people. People get upset when we destroy the lives of say streakers or public urinators by labeling them as sex offenders."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Where do all the $300+ million contracts and general wealth come from in Baseball? | [
"Teams make money from TV deals, selling merch, some game day tickets, and sometimes money from the local government. Teams such as the Red Sox and Yankees are huge money makers because they're huge world wide brands."
] | [
"The NFL brings in between 6 and 10 billion dollars a year of taxable income, a good portion of which goes into the cities where the teams are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What's the sound you hear when you squeeze your eyes real hard? Where does it come from and how can you hear it? | [
"It's the squishy of fluids around your eyeball/socket. You can hear it because it's not an internal sound you're used to (your brain is constantly blocking out a shit-ton of noises your body is producing like the flowing of blood, your heartbeat, etc.) and it's _right next to your ear_."
] | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Physiology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Health and Physiology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Health and wellness:"
} |
why is chickenpox more dangerous to adults than it is to children? | [
"Two words. Cytokine Storm. This is an emergency response of the body to fight an infection by releasing everything the body has for infections to fight it. Cytokine storms in children are not as dangerous in adults as children have less powerful immune systems. The best analogy I can think of is compare buying ... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some online services (banks etc.) require passwords of a specific length. For example my online banking requires a password that is exactly 6 characters. This seems less secure than allowing any length. Why do they do this? | [
"Passwords are usually stored not as themselves but as a random looking number that is created from the password called a hash. Hashes are only really reversable by trying every combination until they find the correct one. Each character you add onto the password increases the number of passwords needed to try in o... | [
"Password managers keep your passwords encrypted, so they wouldn't be accessible to anybody who \"broke in\". They also encourage you to use unique, random alpha numeric passwords for each account, so if somebody breaks into one of your accounts, your others aren't compromised. And your master password for you mana... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do you work out the combined probability of 2 events? (Presuming I know the probability of both) | [
"If you have two events (X and Y) that you know the probability of, the odds of them both coming true is the product of the two multiplied together, expressing them as a fraction or decimal, not a percentage. for example, if X is 20%, and Y is 30%, the odds of X and Y both coming true is .2 x .3=.06, or 6%. Put ano... | [
"There are three cases if you are adding/multiplying two numbers. There is odd-odd, odd-even, and even-even. For addition and multiplication two of these turn out to be even which appears to give a 2 in 3 chance of getting an even number. However if you pick numbers at random, you are twice as likely to get an odd... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Sometimes my eyes are tired, but my body isn't and vice versa. What's the deal? | [
"Your eyes have muscles connected to them, and those muscles can become tired and/or sore if overworked for very long. I used to experience the tired eyes feeling quite a lot when driving at dusk, before I got polarized glasses . I'd feel like I just wanted to crawl into bed soon as I got home. But once I got home ... | [
"Im convinced that my blood flows to my head while I'm lying down causing my brain to think in overtime, preventing any sleep whatsoever. Because that's what it feels like."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Sleep and fatigue:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and fatigue:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
why are something’s edible and taste good (vegetables/fruit) and other stuff like grass, leaves and other plants are inedible or we have no reason to eat/ nutritional value? What makes the edible stuff taste nice and the other stuff taste bad. | [
"A big part of the reason is that the crops we eat have been altered significantly by human farmers since the invention of agriculture to make them tastier. For instance, wild carrots are harder to chew and have a stronger flavor than domesticated carrots and are also mildly toxic. Meanwhile, wild bananas are smal... | [
"It's not that most fruits have a wholly inedible (i.e. poisonous) skin, it's that the flesh inside is sweet while most skins are bitter. So really, you don't have to peel any fruit before you eat it. It'll just taste bad."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What benefit do stores receive for giving cash back to customers? | [
"Cash is expensive for shops. It has to be counted and stored in a secure place. Banks in the UK charge businesses for depositing cash. This is because all that cash needs to be counted sorted and stored. Worn notes have to be picked out and sent back to be destroyed. It all costs money If they can reduce the amoun... | [
"You mean you get a discount if you buy through Alexa? That is no different than a lot of coupons. Stores give discounts if you use their store branded credit card. They give membership discounts. Buy this, get a discount on that. Online only discounts. How would a buy via Alexa discount be any different?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is it illegal to collect rain water? | [
"Water rights are a hotly contested thing in the western states that may not see a ton of rain. Pretty much every possible trick has been tried such as damming up my chunk of a river, and then charging to sell water down the stream, or re-directing rain water so that it doesn't feed into the stream and instead coll... | [
"It's illegal to drink in public wherever you are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is the umbilical cord connected inside the developing baby, and what happens to those connections (veins/arteries) after the baby is born and the cord is cut? | [
"As far as I know, the blood vessels in the umbilical cord are connected 5o blood vessels in the lower intestine of the baby. When it's done developing, the blood vessels in the lower intestine connect inside the stomach and the vessels on the outside are no longer needed. After the baby is born and the cord is sev... | [
"Nothing after you're born, unless you count collecting lint. Before you're born that's where your umbilical cord is attached, helping you survive your time in the womb. The umbilical cord brings blood with oxygen and nutrients into the fetus (baby you), and takes away waste until you're developed enough for your o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why shouldn't I drink alcohol while on anti-depressants? | [
"it prevents the anti-depressants having the desired effect - which as a seratonin uptake inhibitor is to parce out your brain's use of those chemicals so it doesn't get depleted and depressed. if you are drinking a lot of alcohol that is going to override any attempt at limiting seratonin by literally flooding you... | [
"1. Take Tylenol for a fever 2. Take ibuprofen for aches/ pains 3. Take aspirin as a blood thinner to prevent heart attack (when recommended by your doctor) 4. Don't take too much"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does the lint-screen in a dryer get all that lint on it? How does it all end up in one place? | [
"The lint screen usually covers the exhaust and the small pieces of fabric get sucked towards the exhaust and caught by the screen."
] | [
"Dryer sheets remove static. They keep your clothes from sticking together. If you have pets, they keep the fur from sticking so it ends up in the lint tray instead of staying on your newly clean clothes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do cars make that weird choppy noise when you roll down the windows? | [
"Have you ever blown in a bottle to get a tone? What's happening is that as you blow across the top of the bottle, it excites the air in the bottle and causes it to resonate. Now, when you open a car window, you're effectively turning the car into a giant bottle, but because it is so big, we hear the resonance as ... | [
"If the car sounds like a choo-choo train, shift down. If it sounds like a race car, shift up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Automotive:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Automotive:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how come people can't eat raw food but other animals can? | [
"Humans can eat raw food and regularly do...people eat raw fish (sashimi and ceviche), tartare (raw beef), raw eggs, live bugs and all manner of raw fruits and vegetables. And as long as they are prepared with care and eaten fresh people are generally just fine...I think perhaps you are thinking of rotting food or ... | [
"If there's something in the water that can infect an elk, it can get sick and die. If there's nothing in the water that will infect a human, they'll be fine. Animals don't have a magical power, and humans don't have a magical weakness. It just makes a bigger splash in the news papers when \"Bob dies after drinkin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do our bodies sometimes kill us over allergies? | [
"We don't actually 'cut off the airways' to prevent entry of the irritant. What happens is that the irritant is detected by the immune system which cause an inflammatory response. This response causes swelling of the airway (if the irritant was inhaled). Same as how if you touch something you're allergic to your sk... | [
"Some diseases are caused by your immune system attacking your own body. The pills to treat these diseases weaken your immune system so it will cause less damage to your own body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is there seemingly only 5000 species of mammals on Earth yet seemingly endless minute variations in insects/birds/reptiles etc? | [
"Smaller reproduction times and lifespans means you can have more generations and a higher rate of mutation."
] | [
"> ...why are all species so distinct? Many species aren't particularly distinct. Certain species of rabbit and certain species of cat, for example, are aesthetically similar. Various species of bird are similar to one another, as are various species of fish, plants, etc. > ...why do we have chimpanzees and people... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
How do windmills stay up? They seem very thin and unbalanced just looking at them. | [
"\"windmills\" tend to be fairly squat, with a wide base which helps their stability if you are talking wind *turbines* (the fan blade on a long skinny pole) - they are like icebergs, there is a hell of a lot under the surface that you can't see. There are a couple of different designs but one of the simplest is j... | [
"Most skyscrapers are built with a series of counterweights in them to help from swaying too much. The buildings are also to designed to sway in the wind. It actually makes them safer. Imagine a stick that has been dried out. It’s very rigid, but it can be snapped easily. Then take a stick freshly cut from a tree.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is gasoline rainbow on pavement? | [
"The thickness of the gasoline is close to the wavelengths of visible light. Light reflects off of the surface of the gas/air border as well as the gas/water border. The two reflections can mix in two ways. At a given thickness, some colors are attenuated due to destructive interference, while others are enhanced b... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Chemistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Chemistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How massages relieve? | [
"Imagine you’re a wrinkled shirt. Masseuse straightens you out so you’re nice and unwrinkled. But some people are so use to be wrinkled, they don’t know how it feels to be unwrinkled. That’s my best ELI5. I tried."
] | [
"R: obviously good to stay off an injury I: reduces swelling around the injured area, and relieves pain C: also reduces swelling E: helps with resting the injury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
When two pieces of a broken bone begin to heal and bond back together, is the bond stiff, but brittle, or is it more like a glue, slowly getting thicker and stickier? | [
"It's typically stronger at that point than at other parts nearby once it heals. At first, it is definitely weaker and can break again."
] | [
"Imagine that your skin is a sheet laying on top of a bunch of sticks. All of the sticks lay in the same direction, and support the sheet. They are held together, but not by much. When the sheet is pulled hard on each end, it stretches, the sticks separate and leave a gap. Your body fills in the gap with some glue ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How were/are the elements on the periodic table created? | [
"All of the hydrogen, some of the helium, and trace amounts of lithium and beryllium were created during the big bang. All the other elements up to iron were created inside stars as they fused hydrogen into helium and helium into other elements. All elements larger than iron were created during supernovae."
] | [
"To be a little less specific, what did people think the future in general would be like before the Industrial Revolution?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that you breathe into someone’s mouth during CPR, but we exhale carbon dioxide which is something humans shouldn’t inhale? | [
"First, our lungs don't absorb 100% of the oxygen in one breath; there's plenty of oxygen left in your breath when you breathe and exhale normally. So the idea was that, even though there's some CO2 from your breath, there's also quite a bit of oxygen and you're getting it into the other person's lungs. And second,... | [
"Because oxygen is the part of the air that is absorbed in the lungs and enters the bloodstream, to be used by our cells as fuel. The nitrogen you inhale just sits there in the lungs until you exhale. It doesn't do anything for your body. If you were to inhale 100% nitrogen, you would pass out and die of oxygen dep... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and First Aid:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and First Aid:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do cars convert fuel to motion? | [
"It burn the fuel with air. This creates a lot of hot expanding gasses. As the gasses expand they push on a piston. The piston is connected to a crankshaft and will turn this crankshaft around as it gets pushed by the gasses."
] | [
"Heat already is energy, it just gets converted into a different kind. The heat is used to boil water to create steam and the steam is used to spin turbines. It's kind of like how we get power from coal, only with a different heat source."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What is happening on the molecular level where you can’t for the life of you remember that one thing, but would easily be able to recognize it if written down on a list of other random things? | [
"Recall vs recognition. It's like storage in a computer. Recall is like starting at the top section of the directory and trying to work your way to the specific file you're looking for by searching through multiple levels of folders. Recognition is like starting at the file in question, and being able to see every ... | [
"I’m not an expert in this, but from what I know this is just a simple lapse in memory, something that is quite frequent with a lot of different things. I understand that it is a failure of the brain to recall a certain memory, kind of like someone not being able to find a specific file in a filing cabinet. It’s i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Language and cognition:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Language and cognition:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
if salt will make you dehydrated, why is salt water good for dehydrated persons? | [
"You might be mistaking salt water (ocean water) for Electrolytes like you find in Gatorade. Your body has to maintain a certain level of salt (sodium) and other minerals to function. But too little salt is just as bad as too much salt. You lose salt when you sweat and in your tears, and you naturally get rid of so... | [
"You know how eating salt on it's own makes you thirsty? Well when you put salt on the slug it gets so thirsty it dies because it gets too dry on the inside to live. Getting dry on the inside is called dehydration and we drink water, juice and other drinks so the same thing doen't happen to us."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If we were all taught by mostly the same writing books when we were little, why does everyone's handwriting look different? | [
"It's based on motor skills, your ability to transfer a picture from the whiteboard to your brain to your hand. Also things like eyesight and stress levels at a younger age can make a difference. These are different from person to person. In theory if given enough time, classroom full of children could learn almost... | [
"I am thinking of three reasons. The first reason is cost. If all schools use the same books, then it is probably cheaper to distribute them. If a school gets shut down or downgraded, they can ship the books off to other schools. The second reason is that it makes it easier for the teachers. A high school English t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does lithium help people with bi-polsr disorder, or other things? Is it a placebo? What makes it special? | [
"The current medical explanation for Lithium as a mood stabilizer is *nobody knows how or why it works* There are some theories about it interacting with a variety of different chemical pathways in ways that are hard to analyze. Check _URL_0_ for a variety of theories"
] | [
"Alcohol is a depressant . It would make things worse. I have seen cannabis cause paranoia In a depressed person. Not sure if paranoia is a common side effect in depressed people."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does a good cry sometimes feel so satisfying? | [
"We all have a very strong (but helpful) stress hormone (floods our body when we are stressed) called cortisol. It makes all creative thought impossible and makes you rely on your flight or fight response. When you are stressed out emotionally or physically your whole body gets flooded with it. It helps you survive... | [
"But why does your heart feel that way"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Biology:"
} |
Why are most jobs today paid at an hourly rate rather than how much the person worked in that day? | [
"It is significantly less effort on behalf of both the employer and employee to record, report, and verify hours worked vs productivity. Even if your job has consistently quantifiable metrics it would be a pain, and lead to complications with your responsibilities. Lets say you work at mcdonalds. How would you (or ... | [
"Being salaried generally implies that you are working a set number of hours every week, being hourly generally implies you work a variable schedule."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it colder at higher altitudes even though it’s closer to the Sun? | [
"Gas in our atmosphere contains the heat we feel. Since gas is more concentrated (and at higher pressure) lower to Earth, since gravity pulls it there, there are more molecules to hold heat closer to the surface. Higher in the atmosphere gas is less concentrated and therefore the temperature is colder."
] | [
"> During the day the temperature on the Moon can reach 253 Fahrenheit (123 Celsius), while at night it can drop to -387 Fahrenheit (-233 Celsius). It is hotter in direct sunlight on the moon than on the earth. That heat dissipates quickly though, because there's no atmosphere to retain it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is the Mandela Effect? | [
"It's a large scale misremembering of something, such as the way a name is spelled or song lyrics. Inexplicably a large amount of people seem to misremember something in the same manner so they think something devious is afoot. An example is the theme song from an old kids show called Lamb Chops Sing-A-Long. Everyo... | [
"Check out Robert E. May's *Manifest Destiny's Underworld*."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do men shoes in stores, smallest size is 8 but when you go online you can get sizes like 4 | [
"Stock space. They stock average sizes. If you need bigger, smaller, wider? Have to find a specialty or someone not stuck with limited retail space."
] | [
"There are some places that are starting to do waist/length sizes. But I think the standard women's sizes (4, 12, 14 whatever) are all just vanity. They've also shifted over time; today's 6 would have been an 8 or 10 in the past."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If Weed B Gone kills weeds why doesn’t it kill grass when they’re both technically plants? | [
"It targets a type of plant called a dicot. So your grass is gonna be a monocot, which grow differently. Your weed B gone is targeting plants that are dicots, which are not grasses. Your grass can still die if you use too much, but dicots absorb the herbicide in weed b gone better which spares the grass at the corr... | [
"Let's say your body is like the lawn in front of your house. You've got grass, and some bushes, maybe a tree or two. All of these are good things you want to keep around. But then some ugly weeds start growing in your yard and your dad wants to get rid of them. He goes to the store and buys some weed killer and s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If I understand this correctly, freckles and a tan are both the result of the sun triggering the release of melanin. What determines which one it will be? Also, in that case why can we get freckles on skin not exposed to sunlight, but can’t get a tan on unexposed skin? | [
"Freckles are actually over active melanocytes (cells responsible for melanin production.) when you tan you are also increasing the amount of melanin you have as a whole , while freckles do not do that. The reason freckles can appear on either unexposed or exposed skin is because it is less dependent on the sun. So... | [
"It depends on the amount of melanin you have in your body. Darker skinned people tend to have more melanin and are therefore more resistant to sunburn. Usually you can determine the amount of melanin you have in your body by you skin, eye and hair colour. For example, a red headed person with blue eyes and freckle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
Since most SDcards are microSD cards with an adapter that's 4 times the size to fit the SD card size, why not create a SD card has 4 times the capacity? | [
"The specifications of the sd card allows a max capacity of 2 terabytes. So you might then ask why they dont change the specifications to allow more than 2 terabytes so that they can do exactly what you're describing. The answer to that is that they're in they are. The Secure Digital Ultra Capacity (SDUC) was annou... | [
"Last I read, the SDXC standard put the maximum at 2TB of file space per card, though capacities haven't reached that yet. Physical limitations on cell size my not allow this, and newer standards for SD cards are shifted to throughput speeds instead of capacity. So right now, pending a new file standard, the upper ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do smaller animals such as tarantulas, birds, and reptiles have longer lifespans than larger carnivorous mammals like wolves, lions, etc? | [
"I feel like these animals are cherry-picked. Elephants, whales, bears, and sharks all have long life spans. Tortoises longer than almost anything else. Granted not all of those are carnivorous, but I feel it lends to my point. Similarly, rodents, small marsupials, and house cats aren't exactly long-lived creatures... | [
"Horses and donkeys/zebras are close enough genetically for their offspring to be viable. The same is true with dogs and wolves, or lions and tigers... but not with dogs and foxes, or cats and badgers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
How exactly does heat make batteries discharge faster? | [
"Batteries generate electricity via chemical reactions. Chemical reactions rely on molecules that would like to interact bumping into each other. For some reactions they have to bump into each other with enough energy to overcome their natural stability enough to cause them to undergo a reaction (eg. wood oxidizes ... | [
"They don't die faster in the cold, they last longer. But the chemical reaction that generates the electricity can slow down in the cold which can cause your electrinics to shut down from low power. Once the batteries warm up though they will work again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What causes the images you “see” when recalling memories? | [
"Your brain activates a part of itself called hippocampus which is by our current understanding the main storage place for long-term memories. Think about this as retrieving raw data of the memory. Then your brain is like okay and turns on parts called parietal lobes and temporal lobes, you could call them a screen... | [
"This is not an answer, but maybe a different way to ask the question: A smell is an experience that can be recorded by our brains. No different than the experience of looking at an image, or the sensation of feeling something with your fingers. So maybe a better question is, how do we remember things in general? H... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why drink a bunch of water of I just keep peeing right after drinking it? What's the point? What's the real difference between drinking 1 or drinking 3 liters of water a day? | [
"Well for starters you drinking adequate amounts of water is shown to help physical recovery, cognitive function. And just generally a necessity if you're a person who enjoys working out, or you live in a warm climate as you'll lose fluids by regulating your body temperature (sweating) and if you can't do so you'll... | [
"It probably means you are thirsty/dehydrated. Drink a full glass of water and wait 10 minutes"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does the crease-free setting of a dryer work? | [
"All the most common \"crease-free\" setting does is keep the temperature up in the dryer and spins the drum back and forth once a minute or so - in order to stop the clothes from settling in one spot and forming creases. It just buys you some extra time between when the clothes are dried (i.e the main cycle) and w... | [
"There are some large marks which will flash in a corner that indicate when to change the roll of film."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If we can see cells with a microscope, why can’t we just keep adding lenses/magnification to see atoms fairly clearly (with electrons etc.)? | [
"We can only see things by bouncing light off them and then into our eyes. Lenses help us focus light so we can see smaller things, but evsntually, the things you're looking at are smaller than the wavelengths of light. Light itself has a size and you can't bounce it off things that are smaller than it and get a go... | [
"Not really. The sensors in space observation telescope cameras are much more sensitive than your eyes. Sometimes they see x-rays or other photons the eye can't detect, but even in optical wavelengths they are much more sensitive and have a much lower noise floor than your eyes. They won't fix inside your head eith... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the purposes of mirror neurons? | [
"Mirror neurons are useful for understanding other people's actions and developing empathy. Eg, you see a kid fall down and start to cry. With mirror neurons you can understand that the kid is in pain, can imagine being in the same pain yourself, and are inclined to comfort them. Mirror neurons also help with lear... | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about finance:"
} |
Why do some countries import Goods that they already have or make in their country? (e.g. food, petroleum products , jewelry and others)? | [
"It's often cheaper to outsource labor or import goods rather than pay the local premium to produce domestically."
] | [
"We are a net exporter of refined petroleum products (gas, diesel, etc.) We are most certainly not a net exporter of oil. Huge huge difference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Economics:"
} |
In what circumstances is the real feel temperature higher than the actual temperature? | [
"High humidity can cause temperatures to feel higher than they are, because humidity prevents effective heat transfer away from the body."
] | [
"It's based on the actual temperature, the humidity, and the wind. They put the numbers into a formula and get the apparent temperature."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
How does money from retail game or movie sales reach the parent company? | [
"Two ways. Say you buy something from steam. The moment the money gets to them, 75% (or whatever it is) goes straight to the parent company. However, if you buy a physical copy from a store, that store has already paid the parent company and sell it for more, making their profit there. Say they buy 100 copies per s... | [
"Not sure about the first question, but the amount the developers get is determined by the buyers themselves. When you buy a bundle from the site you can choose how to split the money between all the developers, the charities and the humble bundle site."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it when travelling in a car and sleeping, it seems easier to stay asleep while the vehicle is moving around, but more often than not we wake once the vehicle slows/has stopped? | [
"a vehicle's movement has a rhythm, and that steady (or mostly steady) rhythm is reassuring to very low-level parts of your brain (the so-called reptile brain). So long as the rhythm continues, your body thinks that you're safe. Once the vehicle's movement changes significantly (slowing down, coming in for a landi... | [
"It depends on how deeply you sleep. You don't just fall asleep and that's as far as you go. If your body continues to slip further into sleep you eventually get to REM sleep which is very deep and you get a good night's sleep which I believe lasts a few hours. But it takes some time to get there, again an hour or ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Sleep and boredom:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Sleep and boredom:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Psychology:"
} |
When a company buys another company (i.e. Disney/Fox deal), where does that money actually go? | [
"Shareholders, paying off debts the company still owed, and depending on the size of the deal and morality of the company purchased, severance packages for employees who lose their job."
] | [
"No, because when the company is bought it is bought from its owners. You know, the shareholders? They get the money from the buyout. The only way it would stay with the company is if the company owned itself which is silly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do PhD/Doctorate programs work? | [
"Can you be more specific about your question? I can talk a lot about academia, in STEM fields specifically, but I don't really know where to start just based off of your question."
] | [
"Completely different requirements depending on the graduate degree you want. First determine the degree, then determine which school, and then call Admissions. Not every grad degree requires standardized testing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does blowing my nose not make me less stuffed up? | [
"Most of having a stuffy nose isn't from mucous. It's from inflammation, so your nasal passages are swollen. That's what decongestant drugs are usually changing in your body to fight it."
] | [
"Your body continues to function while you are asleep. Then, you add on the fact that you are not actively suppressing the symptoms (i.e, node stuffy? blow it. Throat kinda scratchy, go grab a drink. etc) and you wake up feeling worse than you went to bed"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why papercuts have that certain burning, stinging pain to them? | [
"From what I understand its because the paper isnt a smooth honed \"blade\" but rather a jagged saw like edge that cuts unevenly and is more like 1000 tiny cuts."
] | [
"because it does, it has your actual heart's beat. as does just about every bit of you. the band-aid is just putting pressure on it, so it actually becomes noticeable. maybe it's on a bit tighter than it needs to be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do electric cars work so it supplies enough energy to the car? | [
"Electric cars use an electric motor (or multiple motors in most cases) The electric motor is powered via electricity by energizing elector magnets that basically push and pull causing the motor to turn. Attach a wheel, and you've got something to strap into a car. Your battery in your gas car doesn't provide nearl... | [
"Battery is used to start the car, so it can’t power all electrical sources and start the engine at the same time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What the hell are Pyramid Schemes? | [
"Essentially what happens is you have someone at the top, with a number of people essentially working for them. Each of those people has an opportunity to make money off of other people by bringing them into the company, they get commissions off all the people they bring in. The profits and commissions trickle up... | [
"High Crime + Dwindling Population + Crumbling Infrastructure + Diminishing Jobs = Perceived Shithole."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Finance:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Finance:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is a negative income tax and how does it work? | [
"It's an extension of 'dynamic' income tax systems that aims to even out income, sort of like welfare. In the US, and I imagine many other countries, income tax is based on how much income you receive. So let's say (hypothetically) that if you make up to $100,000/yr the tax is 10%, up to $1,000,000/yr it's 15%, and... | [
"Few mainstream economists are in favor of basic income because it discourages people from working. For that reason, economists generally favor the earned income tax credit instead"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
where the fuck seedless fruits seeds came from?? | [
"There aren't any. Seedless fruit were genetically engineered, and then we just started cloning the plants. This is also done with other plants (all Fiji Apples are clones of *the* Fiji Apple) and has caused some problems. Until the 1950's, the entire planet ate Gros Michel bananas. Because they were genetically id... | [
"Who knows? Why do my teeth rot and fall out in mine. It's all in a *dream book* somewhere"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Botany:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Botany:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can the blade cut anything? What is the most important quality in the cutting? | [
"It makes the pressure get focused on a small area. Imagine hitting a piece of wood with a hammer. You’ll get a shallow dent, maybe. That’s because the pressure is spread over a relatively large area. On the other hand, imagine hitting a nail with a hammer. It goes into the wood, because the same force goes over a ... | [
"They want to show off their maximum power. The rotational speed that occurs at is not the same for every car."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
- Why does freshly shredded cheddar taste so superior to normal fresh slices or really any other way to eat cheddar? | [
"Surface-to-mass ratio (smaller pieces are more spread out) and chemistry (prepackaged shredded cheese often has added stuff to make sure it doesn't stick together), basically."
] | [
"From Huffington Post: > \"String cheese is just mozzarella cheese that has been heated to 140 degrees. At this temperature the cheese becomes very stretchy and the milk proteins move around and line up together in a row. It's this alignment that makes string cheese so stringy!\" Other cheese sticks are just cheese... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When a company buys another company for money (like Disney buying Fox), where does that money actually go to? Who is the company bought from? | [
"Shareholders - the people who own stock in the company being purchased. Based upon how much stock a person or entity owns, and the agreed upon valuation or purchase price, the corresponding amount of money is paid to the shareholders"
] | [
"The stock market just keeps tabs on what people are willing to pay for a certain stock and that depends on what people think the company's future (ROI as in return on investment) looks like. Usually what gets lost in a market turmoil is the faith of the investors in what they deem to be overpriced stocks so they w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the human eye unable to slowly move between two focal points? And why can they smoothly track an object when the observer or the object is moving? (Like staring at a lightpost while in a car, or waving your hand) | [
"It's not that our eyes are unable to slowly track (we can do so voluntarily, it just takes more brainpower), it's just more efficient to jump from one interesting thing (visual stimuli) to the next instead of worrying about the \"boring\" stuff in between. The part of our eye that senses very high resolution image... | [
"So I want you to hold both thumbs out in front of you, holding your hands apart. Look at one thumb, then look at the other. Chances are your eyes snapped from one to the other quickly. Eyes in general don't focus well when an image is moving too much, so tend to try to keep things stable by \"snapping\" from image... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can people look at the sun during sunrise and sunset without damage, but it is absolutely prohibited to look at the sun during noon? | [
"Never look directly at the sun, even at sunrise or sunset. At sunrise and sunset the sunlight has to travel through a *lot* more atmosphere, which filters out more of the dangerous UV light (and is also why sunrise and sunset turn the sky red) due to the angle the light comes at. The atmosphere is fairly thin comp... | [
"A lunar eclipse is when the moon passes through the Earth's shadow. Much like the sun temporarily being blotted out by the moon, the moon will temporarily be dimmed as Earth passes between it and the sun. You should expect it to turn red and darken, then brighten over the course of about four hours. It is differen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do we sleep comfortably during daylight but not when the lights are on at night? | [
"Most likely has to do with the amount of blue light coming off interior lights. The sun is full spectrum and even has a warm yellow glow to it, which is relaxing. Blue light, is hard to focus on and causes eye strain and also is known to reduce melatonin production, which is a hormone produced for sleep."
] | [
"When your eyes see blue light, your brain suppresses the production of melatonin, a chemical that makes you sleepy. So as long as you're seeing blue light, you won't be as sleepy. This is because humans evolved for millions of years in which the only time we really saw the color blue was during the day. Now that w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why can insects fall more then 100 times their own height while we, humans, would simply break every single bone in our body? | [
"force equals mass times acceleration A worker ant may be around 3mg. An adult may be 81kg. Therefore to experience the same forces that a human would when impacting a surface after falling, the ant would need to be traveling 27,000,000 times faster."
] | [
"Cats have a (sometimes) non fatal terminal velocity (the highest speed they can reach by falling) and as a result they can survive high falls. To help explain, if you dropped an ant from an aeroplane, it would probably land on the ground unharmed and continue with its business, cats spread out their arms while fal... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes the ‘warm’ feeling in the stomach when one consumes whiskey or other alcohol? | [
"When alcohol comes into contact with your mucous membrane (the tissue that lines your mouth, throat, and stomach), the alcohol has an effect on your nerve cells that detect temperature, making them more sensitive to heat. Normally, you can't feel your body heat, because your nerves ignore it, and only detect chang... | [
"The pills cause stomach irritation, and in some cases, has the ability to burn a hole in your stomach. Having food in your system slows down that process and eases the digestion and absorption. Similar to drinking alcohol on an empty stomach as oppose to one with food. *hope that helps"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Is there any scientific basis for horoscopes? | [
"The horoscopes are based on constellations (star patterns) that were recorded over 2000 years ago. Since then the earth has shifted, making all current horoscopes based on those recordings incorrect by over 1 month. So even if horoscopes were real (which they're not), then you wouldn't be the sign you think you ar... | [
"Astrology is for entertainment. Birthstones are for jewelers to make products."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Switzerland so rich compared to other European nations? | [
"Imagine Europe is a playground. You know how sometimes a friend might share their snacks with you from their lunch? Or people who simply get along might trade their lunches so both people will have something they like more? Well there are also bullies who might fight and steal lunch money from people they don't li... | [
"Because our country is so wealthy even the poor are pretty well off compared to the middle class in most other countries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why are bouncy balls bouncy? | [
"Ever see a slo-mo video of something bouncing? The ball deforms on impact, turning all that tasty kinetic energy into spring energy. When it springs back, bouncy balls can turn almost all of that spring energy back into kinetic energy, which is why they bounce higher than, say, a potato."
] | [
"What sounds worst? Plant-eating bacteria or flesh-eating bacteria?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
In nature, most animals have the same color as their environment functioning as camouflage, what made some birds and butterflies go "fuck yall imma be bright red"? | [
"In birds (and some fish) this is often specific to the males, as a way of displaying their health and fitness to females. I don't *need* camouflage baby, I'm the fastest, reddest goddamn cardinal in the West and ain't no hawk gonna catch me. Lets make some eggs. In insects and frogs (and some other fish) what you ... | [
"they don't. chameleons change to fit their mood. they don't change to camouflage. on other hand, animals like cuttlefish and flounder, use their eyes to see what to colors and patterns to change to"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are we are all bothered by disclosure of App permissions on mobile phones but not by softwares on Windows by developors? | [
"Because the types of permissions people are usually concerned about are usually... * Location data, either current or past * email, phone contacts The vast majority of laptops and all desktops do not have GPS chips, so location data isn't a concern. While people may store email addresses and phone numbers on their... | [
"They do. The problem is that because it's very new to a lot of people we aren't used to thinking about security for smart phones. Try searching for android and malware, you'll find all kinds of articles about malicious software for phones."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Is it possible for 3D animation to be developed to the point where animation is more "real and detailed" than real world? | [
"Not really sure if this answer fits your question but Elsa from Frozen for example has about 400.000 strands of hair. The average real-life human has about one quarter of that. So at least at this point, simulation already surpassed reality."
] | [
"Basically, you need to create the information to tell your TV, and while using cameras to just copy reality is easy, video games can't do that since they're making it all up. So you need computer artists to create life-like images, and getting artists to create those images and make them look completely realistic ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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