query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why is it that Wild animals are able to drink “wild” water (lakes, rivers, etc) yet humans appear to not be able to drink water out of a wild water source? | [
"Gut flora is the main reason. Over time we have lost the ability to digest complex microbioata that are dangerous. Also it's not safe for other animals to drink contaminated water, they face similar problems and die to ameobic dysentery as well"
] | [
"Drinking cold water helps lower your body temperature. Your body is always working hard to remove excess heat, and drinking cold water helps to do some of the work for it, so it doesn't have to work as hard. In addition, we're programmed to prefer cold drinks. Diseases that like to infect people thrive at levels a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do radioactive materials decay at a predictable half-life yet there’s no way to know when one molecule will decay? | [
"It's all probability. The half-life is really just an average. An atom has a chance to decay in a certain time frame, and when you look at individual atoms over very small time scales it is very much random. But the more samples you take of a random event, the more closely it matches its probability distribution -... | [
"Imagine you have a water bottle that's a little leaky, so water leaks out constantly. You actively keep the water level up by refilling it all the time. Now if you died, no one will refill this water bottle, so the water level will begin to drop. If I know what level you've kept it at, and the rate at which the wa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are kittens from the same mom completely different colors? | [
"There are two major factors, the father and genetics. Multiple cats can father kittens in a single litter, so the different dads can give different patterns to their offspring. Genetics also comes into play where the specific genes passed from each parent can result in different patterns for kittens who do share b... | [
"They were just born smaller then the rest, and when it comes to feeding time they get pushed to the side by the bigger puppies. Why it happens is just genetics, they got the short straw and ended up a little smaller, aka they are the Runt of the litter."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do relatively popular free movie sites not get shut down sooner by authorities? | [
"It may be that the computer servers operate in countries where there are no laws against it. I could be mistaken, but online gambling sites are similar in that regard"
] | [
"The same reason they you don't see them use google when searching for things but always use some generic search engine. There are strict laws regarding product placement in movies and TV shows. In France it's against the law to even mention facebook or twitter on TV."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
When an accident happens in public and multiple people call the police, how do operators know if a call has already been made about it? | [
"There’s a central computer system that the incidents are logged into. I would expect the location of the incident and the other details would allow the operators to realize things have been reported already."
] | [
"SWATTERs typically spoof the location/number that they are calling from. This makes it a little more difficult for law enforcement to determine who placed the call."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Telecommunications:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Telecommunications:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
if an astronaut took a Mason jar on an EVA and screwed the lid on, what at a microscopic level would be in the jar? | [
"As long as the astronaut wasnt close to any massive objects: A whole lot of nothing with a sprinkling of hydrogen and helium molecules"
] | [
"First off, if you did that with a tupperware container, all you'd get is a bunch of crushed plastic. The pressure differential would destroy the tupperware. But yes, if you had an appropriate vessel, what you would return with is a box of empty space. Nothingness. Open the vessel, and air would rush in."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
how do stars like the sun fuse hydrogen atoms which usually have no neutrons into helium atoms which contain one neutron? | [
"Usually what happens is what’s called proton proton fusion, two protons fuse (hydrogens) and form a helium isotope. From there a proton transforms into a neutron to form deuterium (proton and neutron) and then THAT fuses with another proton to form Helium."
] | [
"At atom bomb, aka fission bomb, works by taking a heavy element such as uranium and breaking up its nucleus, releasing energy in the process. A hydrogen bomb, aka fusion bomb, works by fusing together hydrogen atoms to create heavier elements such as helium, also releasing a lot of energy in the process."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do whales and other aquatic animals get beached ? | [
"Sometimes already dead animals just end up washing ashore. Other reasons can include the necessity for relocation, because of lack of food, changes in tides or fleeing attacks from other animals. Sometimes echolocation can also be disrupted by manmade things. They move to shallow waters and end up beaching themsel... | [
"That is what they are adapted to do. It is like asking how fish can swim all the time or how whales can hold their breath for so long. The stress of being used for what they do isn't something difficult for nipples to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Marine biology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Marine biology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why do things become darker in color when they absorb water? (like T-shirts for example) | [
"Your clothes reflect more light to your eye than water does and when cloth absorb water it lowers the amount of total light that reaches your eyes making the cloth appear darker"
] | [
"light is a type of radiation. different wavelengths of radiation produce different colors the Chloroplasts absorb most of the various wavelengths of light and use it for energy, it absorbs blues, reds, yellows, purples, nearly all of them, but it is unable to absorb green light. therefore, since green cannot be ab... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do whales frequently get beached? | [
"A recent report said that sonar blasts used by oil companies fuck shit up in their brain, and they think as decent amount beach themselves because they get disoriented, and it hurts them(So killing themselves) I could be wrong, looking for source right now. Sources: _URL_1_ _URL_0_"
] | [
"1). Sea creatures know when to get the hell out of Dodge when a hurricane is coming. 2) large sea creatures don’t dwell close enough to the shore to be pushed ashore by storm surge. The water is too shallow that close to shore."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Marine biology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Marine biology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
When you drink a glass of water, how does it get around your body to become saliva or tears? | [
"The water you drink travels through your digestive system to get absorbed by cells lining your small intestines and large intestines. These cells pass the water on into your bloodstream, and hence water circulates as blood around your body. Blood vessels supply the cells in your body with water, oxygen, and other ... | [
"Water doesn't enter the kidneys. Everything that enters your mouth goes into the small intestine. The small intestine has little \"fingers\" that stick up and absorb water and nutrients into the bloodstream, they greatly increase its surface area and therefore increase how quickly things make it to the blood strea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Canadians pay less or about the same as Americans in tax rates but get Health Care, how is this possible? | [
"A lot of People in america don't understand how the socialized system works How having every single working person contributing a relative amount of their pay to a giant pot of money provides a service everyone can benefit from,and that by doing so we could practically eliminate the exorbitant insurance and prescr... | [
"Mandatory health care is great if done properly, I don't pay anything, ever."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
how are rotary autocannons accurate when the barrelsnrotate? Wouldn't the trajectory be skewed? | [
"Let's see, if the gun fires 7200 rounds a minute that's 120 rounds a seconds which means a six barrel gun rotates 20 times a second, with an estimated 5cm radius of the barrel assembly gives you roughly 6.3m/s tangential velocity. Compared with the ~1000m/s exit velocity of the bullet this is almost negligible. Th... | [
"Looking at the segment as 1:10 I'd say that the camera is mounted on an arm which is connected to the snowboarders helment. Which can rotate freely. Inertia keeps the camera in the same position while the snowboarder spins around. Kind of like how if you stir liquid in a glass it will keep going after you've stopp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can martial artists break multiple bricks just by using their bare hands? | [
"Your friends are wimps. But, their hairline fractures are a start a making them tougher. As bones and tissue repair they become tougher. There are a lot of training techniques for \"iron hands\" starting with moving your hands through a wok of rice and graduating eventually too pebbles and rocks. Beginners in the ... | [
"There is technique to a head but that ensures you damage your opponent more than you damage yourself. You use the curve in your forehead as the Striking surface and you aim for their jaw nose or eyes. The curve in the top of your forehead is much stronger than the flat surface of their face and their face has a lo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do game dev companies often sell cross-platform games for 60$ on console at all times but have frequent sales on the PC version and sometimes have much lower baseline prices? | [
"For every console copy sold, it's usually a physical copy. Microsoft and Sony for example both take a cut when they're sold. It bothered me for a long time before asking the guys at the local game store. Here you'll consistently see the PC version of a game $20 bucks cheaper."
] | [
"It's the highest price the market will bear. Prices are determined by supply and demand, and the perceived value of the good by customers. Customers aren't willing to pay more than 60 dollars baseline for a game. If they sell it for less they get less money, if they sell it for more sales drop and they still get l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does warm air rise up? | [
"Warm air is when the particles are wiggling around faster, the more they wiggle the more they bump into each other and push each other out of the way, making more open and empty space between the particles. This makes warm air less dense and lighter than cold air, and gravity then pulls the heavier cold air down t... | [
"Eli5: yes. Gravity has a hold in everything as long as it has mass. Anything with weight is affected by gravity, because weight is a measurement of the gravity needed to hold the object where it is When you see smoke rising, the smoke is less DENSE than air, it rises for the same reasons Ice floats on top of water... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do players/spectators on the golf course keep track of the the ball in-flight? | [
"Well, most people can see better than that. Particularly cameramen in the leagues. There are also people watching and filming close to the green."
] | [
"Not sure if it has changed. But it used to be that the field was divided into regions which each has a camera dedicated to it. The cameras feeds a computer that calculates the trajection of the ball and player and from that you get how far they have moved."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How someone can be allergic to saline | [
"Your question is exactly what puzzled the doctors and why they published the case report on it. There is something going on that they do not quite understand and wonders if anyone else have an idea of what is happening. There are a few different possible explanations. For example that the solution was contaminated... | [
"I think that's a question best answered by your doctor, and not random people with questionable google search skills. As you already know, people with strong allergies can have fatal reactions to the allergy. Edit: There are people who can get an allergic reaction to the airborne peanut dust from someone else eati... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
how do we get seeds from vegetables that don't flower? i.e. carrots | [
"Oh, carrots flower. The action is all above ground though. Those green tops, if the carrot isn't harvested, will eventually produce flower stalks and then go to seed. _URL_0_ Check it out. The flower resembles several species of weed, including the highly toxic water hemlock and the harmless wild parsnip."
] | [
"Pumpkins have the same purpose as any other fruit...it's the part of the plant that contains the seeds. The fruit is there to transport and protect the seeds until the fruit rots and the seeds go into the ground, and the reproduction cycle continues. Same with squash, which IMHO is an even stranger (and tastier) f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are camels able to eat cactus? | [
"They have a tough mouth, so that helps, but mainly, they can do it because they are ruminants, which means they have a multi-chambered stomach, containing countless billions of bacteria that digest cellulose, or the most fibrous parts of the plants they eat. All ruminants work this way and the bacteria in their gu... | [
"Large, flat teeth for crushing tough vegetation, and very thick skin inside their mouths. Goats are great for clearing tough brush like briars and even very small saplings because they can chew just about anything."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does cryopreservation work? | [
"100 years ago, if you had a heart attack, you died. We've since created a difribulator that can revive someone if you catch the cardiac arrest within a few minutes. So now, if you \"die\" from a heart attack, you're not really dead until after a few minutes. The idea of cryogenic preservation is that you use chemi... | [
"Since it is excreted via the kidneys, prolonged use can result in a condition known as chronic interstitial nephritis. Its a type of kidney disease. Please consult a doctor regarding long term medication useage to prevent possible complications."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do most of societies are only accepting monogamy, not polygamy? From where does that come from? | [
"From a cultural and political standpoint, marriages and unions also combined lands, status, and wealth. if a man had many wives (or the other way around), it would lead to alot of confusion about what families were combined at what level and how were the assets of all parties shared."
] | [
"It is said in the Quran many times that God created Women for Men to mate with and take as their partners. To take another man as a sexual partner is deemed to be going against the will of God. This is an underlying theme in many religions and isn't restricted to middle eastern religions or homosexuality. It is od... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What causes mud to “suction” your feet when trying to walk in it? | [
"Being a “thick” liquid, it can settle around the foot, with no air around the foot, creating suction when you then try to pull it straight out. You have to get air in there, to break the suction around the foot to get it out."
] | [
"It's generally only dangerous if you're an idiot and panic. You won't sink out of sight. Quicksand itself doesn't kill you, the tide coming in, if it's on beach, or the sun setting and freezing to death, are the big killers when stuck in quick sand. Quick sand is saturated sand where the water can't escape. You p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What exactly is bureaucracy, how does it develop in a society and is it a negative or a positive thing? | [
"It is simply a way of coordinating the efforts of a large number of people. It crops up in any organization large enough that roles become specialized. For example When a person Making a product doesn't have the time to order supplies. They arrange for someone good at tracking down suppliers to order for them, and... | [
"Fascism is based on the core principles that compassion is weak. The whole society is turned against itself from the top down. There is no way this can in anyway be good."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why aren't there any small sea mammals? | [
"According to scientists it's most likely because the oceans and seas are too cold for warm blood animals to survive unless they were large enough to withstand it."
] | [
"everyone in this thread is talking about insect, but there's a bunch of animals inbetween tiny mosquitoes and humans does a leaf frog get hurt when a rain drop hits it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How/Why do our adult teeth grow in crooked? What causes that? | [
"Crooked teeth are actually a new thing for humans. It happens because the jaw bones don’t always grow as much as they used to, so there isn’t enough space for the teeth. And that happens because we now eat soft food instead of all the hard stuff we used to chew."
] | [
"Simple answer I imagine: baby teeth are too small for adult mouth. Adult teeth are too large for baby mouth. Teeth can't really grow or shrink in size. So there are two sets of teeth for babies and adults EDIT: adult teeth are too *large* for baby mouth"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do rock climbers use ropes to help them climb/for safety before any of them reach the top of what they are climbing? | [
"The ropes does not prevent them from falling. However when they fall the ropes prevents them from falling all the way to the bottom. So if you fix anchor points every 5 meter then at most you will fall 10 meters before the rope catches you. This is much better then falling all the way to the bottom of the cliff. S... | [
"They climb using the hairs and little microscopic hooks. Think of it like rock climbing. If there weren't any type of way to hold on to something with your hands and feet you wouldn't be able to climb a nearly vertical wall. Same is true for the spider. The tub is a smooth and relatively vertical surface for them ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do restaurants like KFC manage to keep their recipe a "secret" when they have thousands of employees working for them worldwide? | [
"As someone who works in fast food, basically your just taught how to cook and build said foods. Everything that's high end, either is premade or made by managers. For example, ik big mac sauce is 1000 island sauce, and some other ingrediants, but i don't know them. My bosses do though."
] | [
"The reason that McDonald's (or any other fast food joint's) restaurants and foods have such a distinctive taste/scent can be summed up in a single word: consistency. Fast food companies are incredibly fastidious when it comes to their product. The patties have to be of a very specific thickness, weight, fat/lean c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can you focus on an object with one eye closed, shouldn't it all be in focus because you don't have depth perception? | [
"Depth perception and focus are not related in the way you think. Your eye has a flexible lens behind the iris that changes shape to focus light onto the retina. Just like when you use a camera, look through a telescope or any other instrument that peers at imagery, they all require the adjustment of lenses to focu... | [
"Squinting lets less light into the eye which make the image clearer, how this works is when something is blurry it's because it's not in focus and causing stray light to project onto your retina. When less light is getting into the eye, there is less stray light and the image becomes clearer. You notice the same t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science:"
} |
The logic behind log? | [
"Start with 8.5^x = 614.125 Assert that 8.5 = 10^y so 10^xy = 614.125 Assert that 614.125 = 10^z so 10^xy = 10^z Assuming all of these are non-negative, that means xy = z So our original x = z/y It follows directly from the algebra, even if you don't use logarithms."
] | [
"There is a post on the frontpage on the topic: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is singing as an non-singer individual sound bad but a concert with a bunch of non-singer folks singing together sound so good? | [
"There are many factors. The main issue with someone who can not sing is that they are not able to sing in the correct pitch. They will often be too high or too low. They might not even be able to hold a steady pitch and their pitch will wander between too high and too low. This sounds bad. However when a lot of pe... | [
"As a singer i can say with utmost certainty that pretty much everyone can become a good singer in the same way that someone can become a good guitarist. But i'd say that it's more difficult if you don't already have an interest in music or aren't particularly interested. All it takes is teaching and practice. (But... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How can wee see things 46.5 billion light years away, when the universe is only 13.7 billion years old? | [
"The universe is expanding in size. Light from those distant objects started traveling long ago and then space expanded in the meantime, so while the light traveled for only 13.7 billion years the objects are now 46.5 billion light years away."
] | [
"It's impossible to know for sure if the universe is infinite or not. The *observable* universe certainly isn't, it's only about 90 billion light years across."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Mathematics:"
} |
How does the octopus know what colors to change to? | [
"You're aware of your environment; if a tennis ball is thrown at your stomach, you know where it'll hit and also exactly what muscles to tighten to protect yourself and/or dodge out of the way. You also know how to hide behind a tree, for example, and whether you're actually hidden, from the point of view of the pe... | [
"they don't. chameleons change to fit their mood. they don't change to camouflage. on other hand, animals like cuttlefish and flounder, use their eyes to see what to colors and patterns to change to"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is it that the slower I go in a car, the tighter the turn is? Even though my wheels are at the exact same angle. | [
"That would be due to slippage, and is called understeer. It happens because, when the wheels have to push very hard to change your car's direction, they start to lose traction. At lower speeds they don't have to push as hard, so they slip less."
] | [
"It looks like it's measuring the time it takes tires to get from one side to the other. Probably to the point of finding out a reasonable statistic for how fast people in that area drive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do laser thermometers work? | [
"The laser is for aiming and has no function otherwise. The detection is in the Infra-red. It is basically imaging what you are pointing at on a small detector inside. The infra red is not visible to humans, but the detector can see it. The \"amount\" of infra red that an object emits, is detected and is related to... | [
"Light and radiowaves are both forms of electromagnetic radiation. They can both be used to transmit information, Fibre optic cables, your infrared remote on the television and many other technologies use light as the communication medium."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why haven't we invented ray guns yet? | [
"I mean lasers exist but even if ray guns existed, they likely wouldn’t look like what you see in movies with a visible beam flying through the air"
] | [
"Its a top-secret airbase run by the Government. Among the things that were born/raised in A-51 were the SR-71 Blackbird and the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber. Are there aliens there? We have no idea. Do they test new and awesome technologies that look like they came off a UFO? You bet your ass they do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Does keeping the windows open increase an air conditioner’s power consumption even when it’s set to a fixed setting? | [
"It depends on the outside temperature. Air conditioners are stupid. They are either on or off depending on the thermostat setting. If it is warmer than the set temperature the unit will come on and blow out the coldest air it can. It will do this until the temperature falls below wherever the thermostat is set. A... | [
"The cooling temperature for peak energy savings tops out at 24C, and the heating tops out at 26C. Since it is always displayed as that, it subconsciously convinces people to not drop their cooling below 24C, and their heating above 26C, to reduce overall load on the energy grid."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are gasses like helium or sulfur hexafloride harvested? Won't it all float up into the atmosphere or sink into the lowest points in the earth, respectively? | [
"The helium we collect is mostly created by radioactive decay in radioactive ore. The helium can become trapped on its way up through the ground and form gas bubbles. It is not only helium which gets trapped in these gas bubbles but also sometimes natural gas as well. When we extract the natural gas there can be a ... | [
"Gasses seem to defy gravity because they are lighter than another gas that is already present: air. In a vacuum gravity would pull a gas downward, and it still pulls smoke and helium downward as well, its just that the bouyancy force is stronger. Think of us on land as living at the bottom of a huge ocean of air a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
if heat rises why is outer space cold? | [
"Heat rises because warm air is less dense than cool air. There’s no air in space, so no heat can rise"
] | [
"there are different gasses in the atmosphere when light goes through them the light changes color and there is mostly one kind of gas at the right spot that makes light green! (i don't remember which)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is tv/computer/mobile screen causing eye damage? | [
"CRT screens can produce x-rays. In practice they had filters on them to block the x-rays so most of them did not, but they were physically able to and if someone messed around with your olde timey color tv they gave off enough xrays that you could theoretically get cataracts from them over a long period from being... | [
"eye doc here. to my knowledge, they do not. Blue light has been proven to be bad for your eyes in high concentration (can contribute to macular degeneration). It also messes with your sleep cycle. This is probably just false advertising. By the way, turning down the amount of blue from your screens does the same t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do discs like CDs and DVDs work? | [
"I assume you have seen a vinyl disk and know how that works. There is a spiral groove cut into the disk and on the player there is a needle that rides in the groove as the disk rotates detecting the movements and converts them to sound. A CD is very similar except the groove is much smaller and binary instead of a... | [
"The same way a hard drive can store all the information needed too make another hard drive. The instructions on how to make something dont take up as much space as said device is capable of storing"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is the “lump” one feels in their throat when anxious or upset? | [
"From what I understand, the muscles in your neck kinda force your trachea open to maximize airflow during stressful situations. When you swallow during said stress, your esophagus is actually pushing against your trachea and it feels like a hard lump in your throat."
] | [
"I'm not an expert, but here is how I understand it: You can sweat for a multitude of reasons, like from sickness or working out, but you also can sweat from emotion. For example, when you are nervous you tend to sweat a lot, both on your palms and under your arms. This also occurs when you are afraid. Therefore, I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do smelling salts work? | [
"The way I understand it, the ammonia irritates the nose and lungs, which causes you to reflexively inhale and take in more oxygen. That nervous system impulse also helps trigger alertness."
] | [
"You can't cure the sickness, but you can treat the symptoms. That's all these medicines are doing. It provides some relief."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does a lawyer attempt to defend a mass shooter? | [
"The defense isn't about trying to get their client out of the charge as innocent but rather ensuring the prosecution actually proves their case. So there is video of the shooting, how do they know the pictured assailant is the accused? “Sort of looks like him” according to who exactly, and how reliable is that? Wa... | [
"How would a psychiatric exam help catch a serial killer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is Alternating Current superior to Direct Current for long distance transmission? | [
"For very long distances, DC is more efficient. _URL_0_"
] | [
"By using that mechanical energy to rotate a magnet in a wire coil. A rotating magnetic field inside a coil of wire induces an electric current in the wire. Basically all of our energy sources are converted to electricity in this way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are Tom Clancy Novels still realeased under his name when he died in 2013? | [
"This actually isn’t that uncommon in writing. A lot of huge book universes (especially sci-fi and mystery) will have lots of writers (or ghost writers) create books in the universe and they are really just branded that way to get sales. In this sense “Tom Clancy” is both a brand and universe. Tom Clancy also did ... | [
"He is considered to be one of the funniest comedians in America and he hasn't done nearly anything on TV since his show was cancelled 10 years ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
You can do green from yellow and blue but how you do yellow from red blue and green and why in LED is used green instead of yellow? | [
"You can't create as many colors with yellow, blue and red as you can with red, green and blue. RGB is an easy method to produce nearly every color. If you want to use yellow instead of green, you'd have to use blue and magenta as the other two primary colors. Historically though, yellow has been used in paintings ... | [
"Red blue and yellow are the primary colors for paint and the such, red blue and green are the primary colors of light. Edit: I suppose technically magenta cyan and yellow"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Computer Science:"
} |
What the frick is the difference between method and character/classic acting? | [
"Character acting - you play a pirate, you YARRR at everyone during the scene but when you hear \"Cut!\", you're back being a normal British actor from 21st century. Method acting - same thing during the scene, but after the \"Cut!\" you're still YARRRing at everyone, hang a jolly Roger flag from your car and hide ... | [
"See this post: _URL_0_ It has a definition for basically every type of road."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do models that predict rising sea levels affect the east coast of places more than the west coast? | [
"Sea level rise will cause more damage on coastlines with very flat land that slopes gradually to the sea: there, rising water will cover more area. In the US, the East Coast has lots of flat land, while the west coast is mostly steep shorelines except in places like San Francisco Bay. South America is also steep o... | [
"Temperature is influenced by air and ocean currents. In general, the eastern and central parts of North America are significantly colder than Western and southern European countries that are about the same latitude. Then if you go east of western Europe, into Russia and Siberia, the temperature gets colder again. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does recycling work? | [
"Paper recycling starts with washing the paper in order to remove the ink. The paper is then dissolved in water in order to create “slurry”. To this slurry different compounds can be added, depending on the type of paper you want to make. Then slurry is spread out thinly and left to dry, which results in new paper.... | [
"How much do they cost vs how much will they generate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If a civillian was to kill an active shooter would they be charged with murder/manslaughter or do they get a pass? | [
"It would most likely be considered self-defense, so no. As far as I know, most (western/first world) countries have some flexibility in the self-defense definition to allow for extreme situations and defense of others who are not in a position to defend themselves. Since the civilian only killed the active shooter... | [
"Yes. Police aren't immune to the law. If one were to open fire on you could certainly shoot back. The thing is this is probably going to guarantee your death. Even if they know who you are and you are a criminal if they open fire when you havent done anything aggressive thats still wrong on their part and I'd bet ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How are protons and neutrons held together? | [
"Nucleons are bound together by the strong nuclear force, an extremely short-range but also extremely powerful force of attraction."
] | [
"A subatomic particle is just any particle that is smaller than an atom. Protons, neutrons, electrons, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Physics:"
} |
What is the beliefs of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints? What do they believe and what are the rebuttals to theit beliefs? | [
"Look no further then South Park season 7 episode 12 “All About Mormons” it’s a surprisingly accurate account of the Mormon’s religious founding and set of beliefs. It’s also hilarious. But while I’m here, a known con artist named Joseph Smith, who was convicted of fraud before founding the religion, claimed to be... | [
"Mormons are not even considered Christian by most other Christians because they have a different scriptural text that they use to run their religion with the book of Mormon. It is very similar as to how Christians are not Jewish because we have a different scriptural text that we base our religion on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does ReCAPTCHA detect humans, when it is a robot? | [
"Google once said they actually analyze mouse movement as a major part of it. The pictures, and even simply clicking the box, are used to check if you’re actually using a mouse, and if you’re moving it in a natural manner: > Instead of depending upon the traditional distorted word test, Google's \"reCaptcha\" exam... | [
"It doesn't generally have to \"click\". Your browser sends a message to the server saying \"I want to buy this\" and then does some other messaging to send payment info. A bot could do these things without a browser. A second option is to write scripts in your browser to do it. A webpage has a structure that a pro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
When taking a picture of a monitor or TV screen with a camera phone why does the screen seem to have moving waves and lines even after the picture is taken while zooming in and out? | [
"It's called a moire pattern. It's the issue you have when you are looking at something laid out on a grid through a different grid. You end up with a really noticeable pattern of interference that changes as you move the grids relative to each other. & #x200B; Like if you have pixel edges cutting stuff off on a s... | [
"There's a sensor in the camera (used to be film) that's sensitive to light. When you take a picture, the camera shutters open and close quickly, so that the sensor captures a very short moment (less than a tenth of a second). But if you want to work in low light, you can let the shutters open for a much longer tim... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How is dyeing the Chicago river safe and how does this process not damage the ecosystem? | [
"Think of the dye they use to turn beer green for St. Patrick’s Day. It’s food grade, safe for consumption. They don’t dye the River using industrial textile dyes that are toxic."
] | [
"An algae bloom occurs when the water has too many nutrients in it. A common man-made cause is the run-off from fertilizer into waterways next to farms. The algae covers the surface of the water, blocking out light and reducing the oxygen content, which starves many of the other organisms. It's a serious disruption... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is the citizenship question on the census so controversial? | [
"The Census determines the proportion of House seats, if people refuse to fill out the census because they are afraid that the data will be used to discriminate against them, then the results are inaccurate. \"That clause requires an \"actual enumeration\" of the population to apportion seats in the House of Repres... | [
"We don't know, because the actual text of it isn't open to the public until it's a done deal. That's kind of the main point of opposition right now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why does rubbing Vick’s vapor rub on your chest help a chest cold? I did it last night and woke up feeling tons better but I don’t understand how. | [
"The menthol can temporarily constrict the vessels in your nasal passages which = decreased congestion. This effect is very mild, but having slightly less congestion over night while the inside of your nose is \"still\" (no sniffing, lighter breathing) can help you feel better the next morning"
] | [
"Your body continues to function while you are asleep. Then, you add on the fact that you are not actively suppressing the symptoms (i.e, node stuffy? blow it. Throat kinda scratchy, go grab a drink. etc) and you wake up feeling worse than you went to bed"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How is an American 18 year old student, fresh out of high school, even remotely allowed to start taking on $5,000+ in debt every year for the purpose of higher education? | [
"Questions about the US are generally better in r/askanamerican."
] | [
"They put themselves above the health of groups and institutions. For example, the WWII generation was ok with taxes to fund schools, infrastructure, and other public amenities. Few, or no, Baby Boomers had to take out college loans because the tuition was subsidized with tax dollars. Today few middle class kids ca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Education:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Education:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do scuba masks fog up? Follow-up, how does anti-fog gel work to keep the mask from fogging up? | [
"Antifog get is a surfactant. It decreases the water tension just like soap does. When water droplets form they immediately flatten out and disperse instead of beading up and making the mask opaque."
] | [
"They help keep sweat and moisture from going directly into your eyes. I wonder if they help with glare from the sun as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the biological/ psychological cause of people suddenly twitching while sleeping? | [
"It's called a myoclonic jerk and can be a sign of something serious like MS, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, lyme disease or Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease but in the case of sleep it's harmless. When you're falling asleep your brain's signals to the skeletal muscles are generally being inhibited but some of the neural \"noi... | [
"Here's a follow up question: Personally, when I see something that makes me wince, like serious violence, I feel a tingling sensation all over the back of my head. What's the deal with that?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does dejavu happen? | [
"Not 100% confirmed but it seems logical from what I've read in the past: You know when you kinda space out and have a brain fart? Basically your brain is still processing everything around you but since you're not paying attention it all comes as a flash really quick when you snap back into it giving you the feeli... | [
"ELI5: Why do I yawn when I read this!?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Cognitive Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Cognitive Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
When airplanes are flying, how come only some of them leave that cloud trail behind them? | [
"Sometimes there's not enough time to refill the drug tanks. Little 'chemtrail' joke. (achem) Whether a jet engine produces a condensation trail or not has to do with temperature and humidity. Cold air with sufficient water vapor will produce a contrail. As the aircraft approaches its cruising altitude (typically 3... | [
"You know how boats make a V shaped set of waves behind them when they move through the water? Cars do the same thing when they move through the air, and these pressure waves are what you feel."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do big businesses like amazon pay zero dollars in taxes? | [
"Profit is the amount of money a company makes in excess of the money it has to spend to keep the business running. A company that makes no profit pays no taxes. Imagine a lemonade stand selling drinks for $1 and spending $0.20 per cup on ingredients. You might think that was $0.80 in profit but you ingredients are... | [
"A lot of wealthy people paid other people to figure out how to use loopholes to avoid paying taxes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Finance:"
} |
why servicing fees for concert tickets are always incredulously big | [
"Because your willing to pay them. Im not being snarky or sarcastic. All that fee is the venue or website making literal free money by asking you to pay that charge. The bigger the draw on the band or event thats happening the larger service fee people would be willing to pay usually."
] | [
"You can do it with full fair tickets, I'm pretty sure discounted ticktets are non-transferable because they dont wan't a secondary black market on ebay or someything along those lines"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is actually happening to your body when you “pop” your knuckles, back, neck, etc? | [
"It’s because of the gas in the joins - your friends is correct, it goes no where, it stays in the joints. When you pop a joint, it’s extending until it can no longer do so, thus forcing the gas into a large bubble which then pops under a change in pressure. The gas just goes into smaller bubbles pretty much. EDIT:... | [
"It's not, that's just an old wives take that it will cause arthritis. It will not. Whether you crack your knuckles or not has no bearing on if you get arthritis. Cracking your knuckles simply relieves pressure in the joint."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is the difference between pink lemonade and regular lemonade? | [
"Lemonade is Lemon Juice, water, and sugar. Pink Lemonade has a red fruit juice added. The specific juice will vary by maker but it is normally cranberry, raspberry, or strawberry."
] | [
"How is drinking water with a slice of lemon different from eating a Lemon?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How are reality show confessionals filmed? | [
"At a later time - could be a few hours, the next day, a few days after, weeks later, or even months later. The producers will sit them down, revisit scenes from the past, and then get a bunch of questions asked about what they remember, what they felt, and other leading questions to try to get a reaction out of th... | [
"They encourage laughter, and they do work, even on you. You only really notice them if the show isn't funny. Reddit constantly complains about the laugh tracks in the Big Bang Theory, a show Reddit generally dislikes, but I have never once heard someone complain about the laugh tracks on How I Met Your Mother, a s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Difference in generations of i7 processors | [
"Cpuboss and cpu.uderbenchmark are great tools for this. Just google 4790k vs 8700k, for example, and those 2 sites will usually be the top results. You can do it with graphics cards, too. As for your question, your CPU is a quad core with hyper threading (so an octa thread cpu). Whereas the latest ones are 6 core ... | [
"Are you talking about \"EZwrap 3000\" type names? It's just random marketing. But In markets where technology actually leads to constant product refreshes the numbers generally correspond to the year make and model of the product. Example would be Intel Core i5-4630, where the 4630 actually means quite a bit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is that sinking feeling in your stomach, blood warming throughout your body feeling you get when you hear bad news? | [
"Your nervous system has two main modes, one is the well known \"Fight/Flight\" and the other is \"rest and digest\". When you've just eaten and feel safe, you want lots of blood flow through your gut to help absorb all those nutrients. You're in rest and digest mode. If suddenly a tiger attacks you, the fight/fli... | [
"It is an adrenaline explosion where your body tenses up and prepares for what could happen. It goes along with the phrase \"puckered up\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is DRS in Formula 1 and what are the rules? | [
"Drag reduction system. The driver pushes a button at a racetrack’s designated DRS zone (or zones), the rear wing flap lifts up to reduce drag, making the car go faster. It’s made to promote overtaking in F1. There are 3 points to the DRS zone. First, the detection point, a brief window that determines if the purs... | [
"There is way too much about F1 to include in an ELI5. Basic rules: - Cars must use a 1.6L V6 with hybrid power systems (all teams add a turbo for more power but it's not technically required) - Aerodynamics are regulated, as are most car dimensions and design elements - Tires are supplied by Pirelli and there are ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are we unable to control our middle three toes like we can with our big and small toes? | [
"We are able to control them with practice. After a bad motorbike accident and months of physio, I can control all my toes - better than I did before the accident."
] | [
"There are muscles that control the movement of your fingers. Your pointer, pinky, and thumb all have independent muscles. However, both your middle and ring finger share muscles with other fingers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Anatomy:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Anatomy:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:"
} |
How do cough suppressants work? | [
"There are a few types of cough suppressants and they all address different reasons for coughing. The most common antitussives just seek to sooth irritation like menthol or cherry lozenges. Others try to get rid of the reason you’re coughing in the first place like expectorants or decongestants. Finally there are c... | [
"SUDAFED is the name brand for the drug Pseudoephedrine (PSE for short). PSE is simply a nasal decongestant and does not fight any infections, it only helps relieve the symptoms of nasal congestion. So, whether you take the medication or not will not make a difference on your immune system. Check with your Doctor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are higher voltages more efficient than lower voltages for transferring power? | [
"It's not so much that higher voltage is more efficient; it's much more that lower amperage is more efficient. With total power held constant, higher voltage means lower amperage; lower amperage means less current; less current means less resistance in the conductor; less reisistance means less energy loss."
] | [
"DC is a constant supply of voltage (it's called \"direct current\" but we really mean voltage). All it means is that the power supply is some voltage, and it doesn't change. A battery puts out 9 volts, and it always puts out 9 volts. AC constantly changes \"direction.\" You can have both negative and positive volt... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Physics:"
} |
Where do all the eyelashes that get in our eyes go? | [
"They are washed away by your tears and when you blink. That's what tear ducts and blinking are for, to clean out your eyes."
] | [
"That's where a lot of your loose hairs end up when you shower."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
If I am in a tall house (3-4 flights) in the summer, does keeping the top floor windows & doors open help the place keep cooler (hot air going up the stairwell and out like chimney) or does it keep it warmer by letting hot air in? Or nothing at all? | [
"The answer is it depends. If the air in the top of the house is warmer then the air outside you will cool down the hus. If the air you let out is colder then the air you let in you heat up the house. To measure air temperature you need to do that in the shades and not in sunlight. Even if the the total temperat... | [
"Putting the fan on you causes a breeze which cools you down. Pointing the fan out is blowing the hot air out, thereby causing negative air pressure inside the house and forcing fresh air to flow in. So, if it is hotter outside than in, point your fan at you. If it is hotter inside than out, point your fan out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is the use of VETO in international organizations? | [
"A Veto is an unilateral nay vote on a subject. In International Organizations some certain nations often have the right to fully block a proposal or process with their nay vote even if everyone else is yes voting. The reasoning and purpose behind that is matter of interpretations, but fact is, some nations just wo... | [
"How is this different from a standard mutual fund?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are the oceans full of salt and where did it come from? | [
"As you might already know, the water we usually come across isnt devoid of all impurities. Even the water we drink has various things dissolved in it, in small quantities. The rain water contains a slightly higher amount of salts by the time they reach seas due to slowly breaking rocks(weathering) and dissolving s... | [
"Their bodies are adapted to their environment. Fresh water doesn't have a lot of salt, so fresh water fish don't have a lot of salt in their bodies. Salt water has a lot of salt, so salt water fish have a lot of salt in their bodies. If you put a fresh water fish in salt water, it's not used to that level of salt,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Geology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Geology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is a capacitor and an inductor on an intuitive level? | [
"If you think of a circuit as a system of pipes with water, a capacitor is like a stretchy membrane separating one end of the pipe from the other. Water can’t get through the membrane, but using pressure, you can push on the membrane, and the water on the other side will move too. In this analogy, water pressure is... | [
"Note that the LM386 integrated circuit has a near-complete amplifier insider, needing only a few external components to make a complete amplifier. So if you want to know how an amplifier really works, you need to go back to basics e.g. look up \"transistor amplifier\"."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do stealth crafts avoid radars? | [
"There are multiple different techniques they can do. Radar works by sending out radio waves and then let it reflect off of metal surfaces and echo back to the radar. So one thing they can do to make the airplane have a smaller echo is to cover it in paint which absorbs the radio waves. And secondly the most echo c... | [
"Think of radar as light. Essentislly it's light your eyes can't see. Now we want to see something, we shine a light on it. When you don't want to be seen, you paint your plane a color that makes the plane look like the rest of the sky around it. Blue or grey. Now to see the plane a radar development has to be made... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the passage of time instant when we are asleep? | [
"It's not. You just usually don't remember the time when you're asleep, because your brain knows that whatever happened was ultimately unimportant and doesn't retain that information. Also, there have been studies about dreams where they wake up people in the middle of dreams and ask them how long they think they'v... | [
"I don't know *how* it happens, but there is a simple explanation as to *why*; the specific information in a particular dream is useless to us, leaving no reason to keep it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Psychology:"
} |
How does the wifi bridge work on my phone? | [
"Hey that’s a neat feature! I’m not intimately familiar with the specifics of your phone, but I do have a fair knowledge of networks. What’s most likely going on is exactly the same process that 4G hotspot uses, but only involving wifi. Basically the laptop is connected to the phone via some means (hotspot wifi, Bl... | [
"The same way you can create a wifi hotspot on your phone. Phone/Bus/Train connects to either a the mobile network or a satellite system. Then uses that link to serve WiFi."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how can a stock price change if the volume stays at 0? | [
"Depending how the price index is calculated, it can vary as people try unsuccessfully to buy or sell. The London Stock Exchange quoted price differs depending on trading activity in that share. > Price > ..... This is the last automatic trade, the last uncrossing price **or the mid-price of the best bid and off... | [
"The price of the stocks is the last traded price. If the last trade of the day for ABC was $1.50 per share, then that is the price. The price isn't calculated by some mathematician somewhere; it's literally a number tracking the most recent trades."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How would a hacker know whether my password only has lowercase letters, or also uppercase letters, numbers and symbols? | [
"The reason why they demand that you include upper case, lower and symbols is that if you were to only use lowercase letters, the password would be easy to guess. Most people will use a simple word as their password, if left to their own choice, and with modern systems you can check a password against all of the si... | [
"What do you mean, there's no reason? How would you look up words in a dictionary if you didn't know which order the words were in? Even in the age of digital technology, computers need to know what order the letters come in, because computers work with numbers. The letter A is represented by the number 65, so when... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does wearing heels appear to enhance female appearance and appeal? Is it cultural or biological or psychological? | [
"It's cultural. They do change the way a woman looks but the response (\"that specific look is better than when she doesn't wear heels\") is cultural. That's why you hear stories about other cultures or time periods having different ideals of beauty (eg pale skin or extra weight are signs of prosperity and are ther... | [
"Attractiveness is partially due to genetics (nature), and cultural pressures (nurture). The nature part is basically looking for symmetry and 'normal'ness. Most of the rest of the things we consider attractive develop later in life."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do WhatsApp keep being online? | [
"One of the most important rules to realise on the internet: if it's free they're (probably) selling your Data"
] | [
"Because if the best Apps are blocked, there's less reason for someone to buy the phone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why does weather tend to be colder after the winter solstice, when the days start getting longer, instead of the days leading up to the winter solstice. | [
"The solstice is when the days are shortest, and the solar energy being delivered to each hemisphere is either at its maximum or minimum. But just because the energy being delivered is growing (or shrinking), that doesn't mean the area isn't still running a deficit (or a surplus, about which please don't ask me to ... | [
"Summer is just the name we give to the period of time between the solstice and the next equinox. Fall is the name we give to the period of time between that equinox and the next solstice. So on for winter and spring. It roughly correlates to weather, but not governed by it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does the ISS never run out of fresh air to breathe ? | [
"Electrolysis of water. Water is split into oxygen and hydrogen. The breathable oxygen is vented into the cabin, while the explosive hydrogen is is vented externally. Edit: I do not know where the water comes from. Some other comments say urine and air conditioning condensation contribute."
] | [
"What if you were wearing a sealed helmet with oxygen supply and no way for air to escape the helmet. What would happen to your body?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why is it hard to make a fist or clench your hands after waking up? | [
"Your body goes paralyzed (atonia) when you're sleeping, basically to prevent you from punching a wall when you reach for a cup in your dreams. You also decrease blood flow to your extremities when sleeping, decreasing the available energy to them. It takes a little while to get the nerves to send full signals to t... | [
"Your face is swollen when you wake up from sleeping? You might want to stop sleeping hanging upside down, mate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do smaller species generally move allot faster than bigger species? | [
"In most cases it’s a matter of necessity, smaller creatures are more usually prey and need to escape predators. As well as it is easier for smaller creatures to move fast as they require less energy to move."
] | [
"There is a discovery bias here. It is much easier to find remains of big animals then small animals so we know a lot more about the big animals then we know of the smaller animals. For example it is estimated that most dinosaurs were the size of dogs but it is very hard to find those small fossils. But generally t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
What makes the iPhone more secure than other phones and how do people still hack it? | [
"Some if the security features like hard drive encryption are enabled by default on a current model iPhone. Most of the same features are available for an Android, but are not the default. Sometimes you need to use a different app altogether in order to get the best security on an Android. In some cases the default... | [
"Because an outdated OS version is a potential threat to security. If you're no longer receiving patches, you can be targeted by new exploits. People are essentially blackmailed to buy a new phone even when the old phone's hardware is fully functional. There's nothing except high end games that an old S4, or even S... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is it freezing cold atop high mountains, which are much closer to the Sun than low deserts where it can get crazy hot? | [
"As you go higher in the atmosphere average temperature changes significantly, humans only exist in the troposphere. In the troposphere the higher you are the colder it is If you want a visual representation of this here is a chart from the new your state earth science curriculum _URL_0_"
] | [
"The local climate depends on the locale. To be serious Arizona is in the middle of the continent and has a low rainfall. Florida is a peninsula surrounded by ocean on both sides. It can rain every day in the afternoon in Florida which you would never know when looking at advertisements for Florida vacations. There... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where does the sweetness come from in fruits that ripe even after being picked? | [
"Simple explanation : Complex starches break down into simple sugars during the ripening process. This also happens to starchy grains during a cooking process, like when beer is being made. The starches in the grain are converted to sugars during the cooking process, and you can even taste the difference before/aft... | [
"As a general rule, animals prefer fruit that is sweet instead of sour. If you are a fruit-bearing plant, you want the fruit to be eaten at a certain point in its development. So in order to encourage that, the fruit is at optimum sweetness when it is developed, and sour before that happens. So why are lemons alway... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do empty hard drives feel the same as full hard drives | [
"The storage areas in hard drives are called the platters. The way in which data is written to these is magnetically. There's no ink or any extra material actually ADDED to the disk, it's just that the little areas on the disk are positively or negatively charged."
] | [
"An SSD is faster because it can write data at almost the speed of electricity (I assume it's a bit more complicated than that, but this is ELI5). Traditional hard drives are slower because they have moving parts. A platter has to spin and a needle has to be pointing at the right spot on the platter. In an SSD noth... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is it called permafrost if it isn't necessarily permanent? | [
"What would you use to describe a situation where the ground if frozen during the whole year? So as long as the climate does not change it will be frozen. & #x200B; A permanent marker pen is not permanent as you can use solvent or scratch it away but we still call them that to distinguish them to pens that is eas... | [
"Basically, bacteria don't do their decomposition thing as well when it's so cold. Not to mention, all the water is trapped in ice if you completely freeze it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does dish soap remove any "dirt" from dishes? | [
"Here is a video on YouTube talking about how soaps work _URL_0_ basically one side of the soap molecule grabs hold of oils and the other side grabs hold of water so the molecule is washed away carrying a little bit of oil"
] | [
"Anti bacterial properties are due to antimicrobial chemicals in the soap, anti microbial chemicals work on 3 criteria, exposure, concentration and duration of contact. Bubbles in the detergent are due to its emulsifying properties, meaning detergents can allow oil and water to mix. So yes bubbles clean oils and gr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does blowing wind to the wound slightly reduces the pain? | [
"The same way if you hit your arm or something rubbing it makes you feel slightly better. You basically overload your brain with the sensation of touching so it can’t process the sensation of pain."
] | [
"There is rush of blood to the surface in order to carry away heat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are old guitars more heavily prized than new guitars? Wouldn't the new ones have been improved upon from the old ones? | [
"It depends on the brand and style. Acoustic guitars normally improve in value because either 1. The rarity of the model. 2. The wood of the guitar has aged and changed the sound of the acoustics. This is common in Martin guitars. Electric guitars mainly increase in value over time simply because of the rarity of ... | [
"$1450. Just kidding, but on a real note, I'm a drummer not a guitarist but from my experience playing instruments, instruments that cost more are generally better, there's always exceptions and depending on skill level you might never notice differences, but things like metal/wood quality, wiring quality, and cra... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do humans enjoy getting hurt, scared or enraged? Examples of pain stimuli: spicy food, corbonated drinks or scratching; examples of scary stuff: ghost houses, horror films and such; examples of enraging stuff: rage games. | [
"When we scare, hurt, or make ourselves angry intentionally, we’re in control, but still get an adrenaline rush, which releases endorphins. Feels good but there’s no real danger"
] | [
"When a wolf attacks your caveman baby, you're gonna want to do more than write a strongly worded letter. Being angry is alot like being horny; your inhibitions are lowered, you feel less pain while your basic senses (sight, smell etc) are heightened, and your general focus narrows. Being angry is useful in times w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Military ranks vs police ranks vs fireman ranks (USA) | [
"What exactly do you need to know? You can Google a list of what ranks there are if you're looking for that."
] | [
"What country/region are you in? In most places, constable is just another name for police officer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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