query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do electronics get hot? | [
"Electronics work by taking electricity and doing work with it. As energy can’t be created or destroyed, the energy required to transform a physical object between two states that is greater than the energy it can contain at rest has to go somewhere. It ends up being released as atomic motion, which we call heat."
... | [
"Batteries and yes they need to be replaced from time to time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do child/young teen actors in shows like Game of Thrones get to view their work with all the nudity and killing in the episodes? | [
"Loosely related, the kid who played Danny Torrance in The Shining had absolutely no idea that he was in a horror movie as Kubrick kept him sheltered from the supernatural elements of the script, having him on set only when he was required"
] | [
"Yes, it's part of the contract. If you're younger as less-known, it's difficult to say no to nudity sometimes since it might be a part that required nudity, and you really need the part. This is why if you ever see nude scenes for big stars pop up, it's often from their early career before they were famous. For bi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does decaffeinated coffee taste different than normal coffee? | [
"Most of your decaffeinated coffee is often from lower quality coffee beans than regular coffee. The process to decaffeinate beans is time consuming and expensive, so the way to offset this while maintaining price similar to regular coffee, is to use cheaper ingredients."
] | [
"Probably because they like the taste, but don't like the effects of caffeine. Btw, an espresso contains less caffeine than a normal cup of coffee. Imo it tastes way better as well, much sweeter and earthier than bitter drip coffee."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do viruses get into a computer? | [
"Pretty much anyway a file can get onto a computer. Downloads, injection like a USB or something etc"
] | [
"Viruses aren't considered living because they don't act the same way that living organisms do. * They have no energy metabolism * They do not react to stimuli * They do not grow * They do not reproduce on their own * They do not create waste products Antibiotics don't work, because antibiotics boost your immune s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Microbiology:"
} |
Is it possible to remove cancer through surgery or is it only possible to remove tumors but not cancer? | [
"Tumors are clumps of cancerous cells. \"Cancer\" is generally the ailment of being afflicted by cancerous cells; we can't surgically remove all \"cancer\" from a patient because manipulating individual cells is well beyond the capabilities of any surgeon. Conceptually they are physical objects which could be manip... | [
"Remission means there are no more symptoms and, possibly, no more cancerous cells. Whether you beat your cancer through surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or some other method, remission means that the enough cancerous cells have been killed that doctors cannot find any trade of the disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do electronics usually require 2 batteries instead of just one bigger battery? ie: 2 AAA instead of 1 AA. | [
"It's to do with the voltages at play. The common battery sizes -- AAA, AA, C, and D -- are all 1.5V. If you connect two batteries in series, you increase the voltage. So, 2 AAA batteries have a total voltage of 3V, compared to a single AA battery with a voltage of 1.5V."
] | [
"They don't fulfil the same function, they differ in 2 critical features 1. Size - A triple A battery is significantly smaller than a double A allowing for much thinner or smaller devices than a double A, if you only had double A batteries then nothing could ever be thinner than 14.5 mm 2. Capacity - A double A alk... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do non-Euclidean geometries work? How can geometry have different and yet valid systems? | [
"The easiest non-Euclidean geometry to imagine is on the surface of the Earth, I think. Euclid presumes that all of your measurements happen on a flat surface, but the Earth is curved. Thus, if we both decide to walk due north, in a straight line, at the moment we set out, our paths are parallel. But eventually, th... | [
"In three dimensional space, we can find three directions that are orthogonal to the other two direction. In four dimensional space, we can find four such directions. There really is no way for our three dimensional brains to visualize a four dimensional space, but is is absolutely trivial to describe it mathemati... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How and when did we find out what was written on the hieroglyphs on objects and artefacts, i.e. the ancient Egyptian writing system? | [
"We found a stone the was carved in multiple languages and was able to compare the languages that were known and able to translate the stone was known as the Rosetta stone"
] | [
"You know how we place tombstones on graves with inscriptions on them? They did that back in ancient times as well. Only the inscriptions were on and inside the tombs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Difference between photons and photoelectrons. | [
"A photon is the particle that makes up light and other wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. An important aspect is they carry a specific energy depending on wavelength, and if that energy is higher than the binding energy of an electron in an atom, the electron can absorb the photon and escape from the atom. ... | [
"Temperature is a property of matter. Radiation doesn't have a temperature, however it has an energy (per photon) which can result in a temperature increase when a photon interact with matter. [edit] [This chart](_URL_0_) gives the energy range for different type of radiations. [edit2] Radiation can be emitted (via... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
There are magnets in phone cases/holders, magnets in wallets that sit next to our phones; how do our phones stay unaffected when magnets wreck havoc on electronics? | [
"Magnets do not wreak havoc on electronics. They can wreak havoc on magnetic storage such as hard disks, floppy disks, video tapes and audio cassettes. They can also affect antennas. The phone industry does not use magnetic storage, so they can use magnets for sensors, to know when a flip phone is closed and such.... | [
"Some microwaves and bluetooth devices use the same wavelength of radiation to cook food/transfer sound data. Usually, microwaves are built as faraday cages to prevent the radiation from leaking out. If there is a hole in the cage somewhere, some radiation could be leaking and interfering with the connection betwee... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why water evaporates while exposed to room temperature? | [
"Imagine a bunch of people jumping on a single trampoline. The people represent water molecules, and if they reach a certain height they are able to jump on a platform and escape from the rest, representing water evaporating. Temperature, or the current jumping height of everyone, is the average value of all water ... | [
"Gasses dissolve more in colder water than hotter water. Solids on the other hand dissolve more in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Chemistry:"
} |
What is the difference in formulation between hand soap, shampoo, body soap, dish soap, and laundry detergent? | [
"Dish soap is generally formulated to heavily remove oil/grease because that is what you are most often cleaning out of cooking pans etc Dawn is actually pretty often used to clean animals trapped in oil spills etc because it is so effective. A shampoo is kind of on the other end of the spectrum formulated to not r... | [
"Laundry detergent for front-load (HE) washers is designed not to foam so much. If you put regular detergent in a front-load machine you'll have a mess on your hands. Same reason you can't use dish soap in a dishwasher. You can use HE detergent in top-load machines, but it's more expensive usually."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does censoring the eyes make a person unrecognizable? | [
"It doesn't. You can still recognize someone you know even when you can't see their eyes. If it were otherwise, all you'd need to be completely incognito is a pair of sunglasses. That said, obscuring the eyes can make it a bit more difficult for facial recognition software to identify a person. Eye color, shape, an... | [
"Not many photographs on Facebook are deliberately distorted and obfuscated to make the face just barely recognizable by a human, but that's what's done to the text in captchas."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Technology:"
} |
Why does old TVs make that high pitched sound and why does modern screens and tech still have it sometimes? | [
"That high-pitched noise is actually high voltage electricity being pumped through a transformer, causing the core to vibrate at very high frequency. Old TVs had it because you had to get high voltage to the electron gun to paint the picture on the screen. I couldn't tell you why modern LCDs have it -- they don't u... | [
"Electromagnetic interference from the signals going to the phone goof with the electronics that pulse the speakers and make little buzzing noises if it isn't shielded well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does our brain paralyze the body when we fall asleep? Aren’t we already relaxed when we’re snoozing? | [
"Your brains are going crazy while you sleep, so if your body wasnt paralyzed your body would be going crazy too"
] | [
"You will yawn as your body tries its hardest to stay awake. Yawning helps you absorb as much oxygen in the air. Whereas as you're trying to sleep, your body is has to be rested and relaxed so you tend not to yawn when you're lying in bed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Sleep and boredom:"
} |
What would the crew of a WWII tank be facing inside once they were hit? | [
"If the armor is not pierced they would be jostled severely, but not much more than if they hit bad potholes. If the armor is pierced then they would be facing the percussive energy of whatever pierced them. Shrapnel from that projectile as well as their own armor. There is a major risk of fire, which in turn mean... | [
"Did sailors generally know the name of the ships they're fighting?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How did we discover other solar systems and such? | [
"Two methods. Firstly, looking for stars dimming very slightly, periodically, as a planet orbits in front of it. Secondly, measuring the very slight wobble of a star as the planets' gravity pulls at it."
] | [
"It is a planet that is orbiting the closest star outside the solar system. This is the best opportunity of studying a planet orbiting another star we have. It is also the closest one if we want to venture out and colonize other solar systems. The fact that it is in the habitable zone is promising. Another thing to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a laser pointer cause eye damage? | [
"The retina has cells that absorb light energy. If too much energy is absorbed in a timeframe, then it can damage the cells and cause their death. If it's particularly high, it can also boil the visceral fluid. The average laser pointer will not cause eye damage unless you don't close your eye reflexively, but stro... | [
"They dry out your eyes and can lead to infection."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why is there a lower limit to brightness on your smart phone. Why can’t they make it so that you can keep on turning it down till your phone turns completely dark ? | [
"Designer: Hey! Let's make it so the user can turn the brightness all the way down! Boss: Great idea. Are you volunteering to go sit your ass down in that chair, put on the headset, and spend the next 5 years fielding nothing but support calls from angry customers? Designer: But we'll have obvious ways to reset the... | [
"Do you have an iPhone? I can dim mine to where it’s hardy viewable even in darkness. Also, I saw a video not too long ago about a trick you can do to dim it even further."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the ocean blue while it's water is clear if out of the ocean? | [
"Scattering of water out of the ocean. Bluer lights are scattered more than redder lights. The deeper it is, the more this effect is apparent."
] | [
"The sky isn't blue because water is reflecting off it, where did you get that idea? The sky is blue because blue sunlight scatters the most in it making it appear to come from everywhere and be the most dominant color. However, water is slightly blue naturally. If you have enough water it fades a bit into blue. I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
why does bottled ranch dressing taste like garbage and every pizza place and restaurant ranch taste amazing ? | [
"Most restaurants use refrigerated salad dressings; they're made of fresh(er) and more quickly expiring ingredients, so they taste better. Bottled dressings are made for shelf life above all, but the stuff that has to be kept cold is made more for taste at the expense of a much shorter shelf life. Luckily enough, ... | [
"Ph changes because of storage requirements and FDA approved nonsense. In small terms the restaurant ranch is fresh and the store kinda has lost its freshness due to the preservatives added. I was the cook who made all the ranch at 3am. It sucked but it was Soo good with French fries and sea salt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do ancient Roman fountains work? | [
"They had aqueducts, raised artificial channels bringing in water to the city from high up in far away hills. If you keep the water high up, you can use lead pipes sealed with solder (\\*) that maintains the head pressure of the water to make it come out of a fountain still under pressure. \\* Plumbing and plumber... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When cooking pasta, why do you have to let the water boil before putting in the pasta, why can't you do it right away? | [
"Pasta is wheat based, has lots of plant fats called starch, which make it delicious. However, this same starch turns into a goopy glue like substance when added to water. By adding it in when the water is boiling it reduces the time the starches can turn to goop. The boiling heat seals the outside of the pasta whi... | [
"It's all based on the temperature of boiling water. See, when you heat water, it doesn't really go over 100C (212F) - it just turns to steam and evaporates. Once most of the liquid water has evaporated, the temperature quickly shoots up. There's a thermostat inside the rice cooker that tells it to cut heat when th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How in the world is Formula 1 profitable for the teams? | [
"F1 is actually one of the biggest spectator sports in the world with a viewership of 490 million people. TV channels across the world pay to show the races, and a cut of the money goes to the teams. There’s also a massive amount of ticket sales - 4 million people went to the 21 races last year. On top of that, th... | [
"Because China cares less about footie than the USA does."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
how is it possible to contact emergency services when there is no connection to a mobile network? | [
"There's no signal on your carrier's network, but there may be a signal on another compatible tower operated by a different carrier. By federal law, cell networks must connect an emergency call from any phone capable of speaking to that tower, regardless if that phone has an active service plan with that carrier."
... | [
"it's a special number that depending on where you are (ie which cell tower you're connected to or which landline company provides service) routes you to a different dispatch center. so no matter where you are, you'll get the local dispatch center."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Telecommunications:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Telecommunications:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Telecommunications:"
} |
- Why Do You Briefly Taste Salt When They Flush An IV With Saline But You Don't Taste Any Medicine They Put Through It? | [
"I had two separate surgeries where I could both taste the saline IV solution and the antibiotics (for anyone asking it tasted like oranges). It must be a very subjective thing from person to person."
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do letters find their destination between countries with different alphabets (i.e. Russia and America)? | [
"The mail sorting system have to take such things into consideration. In addition it have to handle typos and other mistakes. So when the Russian mail system scans the letter and recognize the characters of the address they notice that they are in Latin and not Cyrillic. So when tries to look up the address in the ... | [
"Spanish and French use Latin alphabet because they originated from Latin. English use Latin alphabet because of Christian missionaries. > At first I thought it might be proximity, but then there are so many countries in Europe so close together that use different characters as well. All Catholic/Protestant countr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What happens when a compass is in space? | [
"If it's inside a planet's magnetic field it will still work, as long as it is free to rotate. It will point along the magnetic field lines."
] | [
"It's a magnet. Compasses point to the magnetic north. Usually the Earth's magnetic field guides the needle. But if you are that close to the magnet its field will affect the needle as well. That's why the effect dissapears if he pulls away from the magnet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does old electronics make crackling noices when they get turned off? | [
"Because when the device is on it creates heat and it expands and when you turn it off it starts to contracts. Just like the ticking when you turn your car off from driving"
] | [
"If there is nothing plugged in, then no it will not use any electricity. For electricity to flow, there must be a complete circuit, and to complete the circuit you must plug something in. Some devices draw current even when they are off if they are plugged in, that may be what she is thinking of."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
When the FBI seizes a domain and a website why do they put an image saying the site has been seized instead of just deleting it completely? | [
"To let people know what they are doing and to put a deterrence in the mind of people who might be using some sites for illegal activities, since the FBI might be tracking their activities."
] | [
"> What have they done to the website in computer science terms? They sent people in suits with guns over to the physical location of the server, grabbed the hardware, and moved it into secure storage as evidence. Then they redirect the address the Domain Name Server points at to a simple web page saying the domain... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are there no snakes in Ireland? | [
"During the last ice age Ireland was covered in glaciers. Cold-blooded reptiles generally can't survive in a climate that is cold all year round, so no snakes. When the world warmed up and the glaciers retreated Ireland was separated from Britain by a deep sea, and powerful currents. This prevented animals from raf... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why arent robots smart enough to check the “i am not a robot checkbox”? | [
"It's not just the act of clicking the box that is observed, but the **how** the box is clicked. In other words, a few other factors like the movement of the mouse up to that point are checked to determine if an additional challenge should be given."
] | [
"1. They get the password. If you use the same password on multiple sites and one site gets hacked, the first thing the hackers will try doing when they get the passwords is attempt to log in with the same email+password on other websites. 2. They trick the owner into giving them the password. Make a fake site that... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do other animals see light from lightbulbs? | [
"I believe pigeons can perceive fast flashes as separate. Supposedly they wouldn't see a normal cinema film as continuous motion but a series of stop-motion frames much as we would see normal movement under a strobe light. Edit - here's a link to it _URL_0_"
] | [
"Instead of the bright lights reflecting off the skin under their eyes, the black paint absorbs the light. This helps them see better in sunny conditions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does weight physically leave the body? | [
"Fat and sugar will react with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O. 22 pounds (10 kg) of fat turns into 18.5 pounds (8.4 kg) of carbon dioxide, and 3.5 pounds (1.6 kg) of water. The CO2 is expelled by breathing. The water can leave by breathing or sweating, peeing, pooping, crying or any other way water leaves."
] | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The Monty Hall problem | [
"You basically want to look at the odds you chose the right door in the first place. If you chose correctly, then you don't want to switch, but if you chose incorrectly, then switching will get you the prize. You are more likely to have chosen a bad door initially (2/3), so switching is the better option"
] | [
"The creator of the typeface names it whatever they want."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does circular polarization of light actually work? | [
"Imagine there are 2 light waves instead of 1. Imagine a knight on the chessboard, and all the 8 positions it can move to. If you trace the possible movements, it forms a rough circle. In simple terms, the movement of the knight is described as 2 steps in one direction, and 1 step in a perpendicular direction. In o... | [
"Materials have certain properties that define how they behave with respect to electromagnetic waves (radio, light, etc). One property is called the skin depth, and it applies to conductors like metals. Basically, a skin depth is how much metal a wave can go through before losing ~60% of its energy. Skin depth also... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do the edges of flat panes of glass appear to be green and not transparent when viewed directly and not at an angle? | [
"Because it's the actual color of the glass, it has more contrast because you are seeing the whole glass when you look at it at an angle"
] | [
"The polarisation of light is changed when it reflects off water, glass, and similar surfaces. This allows polarised glasses to selectively reduce the amount of light seen coming from such reflections, e.g., sun being reflected off a lake or ocean. Mirrors are made of glass but almost all of the reflection you see ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why do some fishermen have poles with the holes (that the fishing line runs through) top versus bottom? | [
"The guides are on the same side as the reel. Some reels go on top (bait casting) some go on the bottom (spinning and fly reels)"
] | [
"This is so that it can easily be hung from a hook on the wall. Unless you mean the chef knives that have holes or dimples all the way down - these are so food doesn't stick to the knife."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
For st.patricks day, Chicago dyed the Chicago river green....how is this actually safe and good for the water? Does this not actually cause harm? | [
"So not all dyes have a negative environmental impact however no one on this reddit would likely be able to actually tell you the real environmental impact of dyeing the river because its [secret](_URL_0_) but that doesn't mean they are hiding anything from consumers. How it's safe is that it doesn't impact the th... | [
"Because the drain leads to a water treatment plant that cleans the water. Poop is pretty harmful to us... but you didn't question washing it down the drain..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How to make a bot that responds to specific comments? | [
"Do you have any programming experience at all? The fact that I’m not seeing you mention it means you must be asking for an entire tutorial on learning a scripting language and then making the bot, right?"
] | [
"It would be nice if there was someway to block these signals."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do human eyes adjust almost instantly to bright lights, but take much longer to adjust to darkness. | [
"It is related to how your eyes work. Your eyes have light receptors that send signals to your brain when stimulated by light. In bright light there is a lot of signals, but too much light can damage your eyes. So to protect your eyes, your pupil contracts, adjusting the amount of light that can enter your eyes. T... | [
"Better to set it to low. Your eyes use blue light (light of the sky) to synchronize the body's internal clock. Blue light means daytime which means you should stay awake. Our digital devices nowadays produce a great deal of blue light. The more blue light exposure at night you get, the more your body's internal cl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a microphone work | [
"The sound pressure from your speech (or whatever it is you're recording) causes a little magnet called a voice coil to move in and out within another piece of wire. A moving magnetic field generates an electric current that exactly corresponds to the magnetic field, and since the magnetic field was created by pres... | [
"Is it possible to get a better picture with a little more light?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a robotic/bionic artificial prosthetic arm move the way it does? How do people move it as if it were their own arm? | [
"Sensors are attached to the stump/ending of the arm, reading the electrical signals that are sent from your brain to the nerve endings there. Based off signal examples from functional arms, engineers/scientists are able to relate the signals from the stump to certain movements. They then translate them to artific... | [
"Yes and no, mostly no. A paralyzed person can’t move their limbs because of a nerve injury, the limb itself is perfectly fine in most cases. Most prosthetics use nerve impulses or tiny muscle movements from the limb stump to control, so those would not work. Using a prosthetic controlled by the brain directly coul... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Medical Science:"
} |
What exactly happens when a music album is "remastered" and how are they able to make the quality better on older recordings? | [
"The product that is released to the public is a watered down version. Essentially, the public always gets a lower quality product because it's easier to store (fits on a cd, isn't multiple GB per file), and in a format that is cheaper to read (doesn't required expensive hardware). So this master file can be remas... | [
"Deluxe editions generally contain additional material. Usually things like unreleased tracks, live versions of the main album's songs, cover versions of the main album's songs, remixes or other modifications to the album's main songs, commentary by the artist, etc. If the deluxe edition is a re-release of an old a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Batteries. What's the difference between volts and amps? How does a charger know when a battery is fully charged? | [
"mAh (milliamp hour) is a measure of capacity, whereas voltage and amperage are measures of energy flow. Voltage is a function of the battery (think of it as electrical \"pressure\"), amperage is a function of the circuit that it is hooked to (equivalent to how far open the taps are). Hooking up a higher voltage ba... | [
"It's not always good to discharge your batteries before charging them. It depends of the kind of battery you have. For example, LiPo or Lithium Polymer batteries, should not be taken below 2.7 volts per cell. Make sure you read the directions that come with your charger or battery."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did ancient libraries work before the Dewey decimal system? | [
"The history of library classification (organization systems) is pretty interesting. Prior to more modern systems, a scholar called Callimachus (3rd century BCE) devised a system where tablets and scrolls would be organised by language, subject, and how they were printed. During the Renaissance, they were ordered b... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can water be so much heavier than O2 even though only one atom is added on? | [
"Well, what do you mean by heavier? Because by molecular weight O2 is heavier than H2O. If you mean the difference of air with O2 and water, then that's explained by the fact that one is a gas and the other a liquid. I don't know much of the gravitational part to it, but I do know that a gas occupies more space and... | [
"Ice isn't *lighter* than water, it is less dense than water. It weighs the same amount but takes up more space. This is due to the particular shape of the crystals in ice pushing apart the molecules of water more than in liquid."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does mint feel cold? | [
"Menthol (the chemical that makes mint \"minty\") activates the nerves responsible for sensing temperature. It's the same reason spicy food feels \"hot\" - just a different chemical (capsaicin in chili peppers or piperine in black pepper)."
] | [
"Adds extra stimulation to dull the senses, like rubbing your arm after getting punched and such. Why did you have an extremely hot bowl of milk?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
Why are environmentalist's against building more dams to store water to protect against droughts? | [
"Dams have to destroy large areas to create a reservoir. Fish species are impacted. Lots of damage happens to the local ecology. Plus building a dam can't be done just anywhere, and in order to build up water you have to not be using it or divert other water sources into your new reservoir, causing further damage.... | [
"It's not cost effective. If everyone did things for the greater good of everyone and money didn't exist, then yes this would be a great idea. That said, taking water to desert locations in large quantities is rather detrimental to desert environments. Not to mention that some of the flooding issues that are report... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does earphone speakers work? Like how do they convert the electric signals to a song with just some magnet in it? | [
"So the magnet is a coil of wire wrapped around another piece of metal, and when current is applied, it repels a magnet around the coil, this pushes it up. The magnet is attached to a cone, or anything that can vibrate and still hold rigidity. (Light but firm) when the current is reversed, it pulls the entire appar... | [
"The grooves in the record vibrating the needle is where the actual sound comes from. It's a physical form of music, not digital. All the cords and such just amplify the sound and carry it to speakers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are car brakes mounted in different positions? | [
"The wheel on the left side of the car turns the opposite direction to the one on the right. Some parts are mirrored, but that's more expensive, because you need a \"left\" and \"right\" part. Where possible, the same part is used on both sides, which can make it \"backwards\" relative to the other side. Different ... | [
"I buy a car that has 4 wheels, two in the front and two in the rear. Now, when my car is front wheel drive, FWD, the engine is driving only the front wheels. When my car is rear wheel drive, RWD, engine is driving rear wheels only. Now when you have four wheel drive, 4WD, the force is given to both front- and rear... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why when you take a picture of a screen does the camera puck up lines on the screen that you cant see? | [
"Computer displays don't display the entire image constantly. They display alternating lines of pixels at a pace of the refresh rate of the monitor (for instance a 60 Hz monitor switches between the even lines and odd lines 60 times per second). Since a picture taken with a camera is a singular moment in time, only... | [
"Because when at 90 degrees you are unable to see the screen due to it being perpendicular to your line of sight. The only thing you'll be seeing is the side of the monitor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Do Fat People Have More Skin or is it Just Stretched? | [
"Both. Where the skin stretches, more skin will grow to alleviate the stress on the skin. Think in the same way as when we grow from a kid to an adult."
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is it sometimes hard to fall back asleep after randomly waking up? | [
"Depends on the reason. When you have an 'emergency wakeup' you subconscious thinks there is something which needs your attention. In cases like this your mind is still in cautious mode and sleeping, while enemies near by is as bad of an idea that even rpg's dont allow it."
] | [
"You can't fall asleep at night because you nap in the afternoon. Stop napping, as hard as it may be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Sleep and boredom:"
} |
why the magnetic field of Earth has changed over the years | [
"The Earth isn't solid all the way down as the flow changes direction the Earth's magnetic field changes as a result - _URL_0_"
] | [
"The magnetic field of Earth will (slowly on our time frame) break up into smaller fields each with their own north and south pole, then coalesce into a single large magnetic field with the poles in the opposite orientation to how they are now. That.. is pretty much it. Sorry, no apocalypse."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Does a battery which lost its maximum capacity needs less time for a full charge? I have a notebook with a battery showing me 38% of the maximum capacity for a full charge left but it’s still uses like 2 hours for a “full” charge. Shouldn’t it be fully charged in a significant lower time? | [
"Not necessarily. For a healthy battery, the charger will slowly charge it to 5 or 10%, then charge it as fast as it can untill the voltage reaches the full level, which happens when the battery reaches about 80%. Then it finishes up with a final float charge where the charge current drops off until the battery is ... | [
"Charge memory. It is very much not an exclusivly iPhone issue. It is a lithium-ion battery issue. Li-on is the best to date battery for the way smart phones are used, but hardly anyone takes care of the battery in a healthy way. Anyway, if you always plug in your phone to charge at 30% life remaining, eventually i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How did the Greeks translate into Arabic, Chinese etc. without knowing the languages? | [
"Who says they didn't? Human beings are capable of learning multiple languages. It is harder when the new language is completely unknown to you and there are no existing translations/resources to draw on, but not impossible."
] | [
"Because the written form of the language does not change as fast as the spoken form. Go far enough back, most of them were pronounced."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why some causes of death can only be found with an autopsy ? | [
"There are certain illnesses that have no conclusively visible signs that can be verified while someone is still alive. For example, mad cow disease, or more accurately the human variation, can only be conclusively diagnosed after death. In order to conclusively diagnose the illness, you must look at the actual bra... | [
"They understand the symptoms in much greater detail that can be described in such a list, and can make a much better judgement of whether or not it's likely you have cancer than a layman can. However, an MRI or other method will be necessary to confirm."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the sun get easier to look at the lower it gets in the sky? | [
"The closer the sun gets to the horizon the more atmosphere the light has to pass through making it diffused and easier to see. Think of it like looking at a tv from the side. You can see the picture but it tends to be brighter when you look at it dead center."
] | [
"Because the moon is continually orbiting the earth. The moon doesn't follow the night when it orbits, so sometimes we can see the moon during the day."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does wireless connections actually work? I mean, how is the data transferred without physical connection? | [
"With radio waves, which are basically an invisible form of light. Instead of the electrical signals (current) traveling through a wire, they go into an antenna, where the current is sloshing back and forth. Electrons moving back and forth like that creates waves in the electric field that travel through space. Tha... | [
"Imagine you have a computer on your house. Now you want to connect that computer to your friend 100 miles away. How do you do it? You could lay a 100 mile cable, but do you have the permissions to dig up roads and pathways? You would use a company whose cables were already there, and just use that network of cab... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why can we sometimes see the moon in the daytime? Do the people experiencing nighttime still see the moon like normal? | [
"...The moon isnt night time exclusive. Its a giant rock, that reflects a lot of light. The moon orbits the earth As it goes around it appears in front of the light side of the earth, and you see it because of the vast amount of light being shined on it from the Sun and its generally very reflective surface. The mo... | [
"The same way we can see the moon, they are basically big sun reflectors, the brightest ones are Venus and Jupiter, one because it reflects a lot and is close, while the latter because it reflects a lot and it’s huge You can definitely also see mars, and it probably could be the brightest due to some orbital posit... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is the role of Aedes mosquitos in the ecosystem? | [
"The Aedes species of mosquitoes are known to spread certain viruses such as dengue and chikungunya that are known to cause disease in humans. Dengue, in particular, can be fatal if it causes a dengue haemorrhagic fever Releasing these genetically modified male mosquitoes will eventually lead to a reduction in the ... | [
"There is a higher probability of beneficial mutation with sexual reproduction than with asexual reproduction."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do they make crude oil into plastic? How do they make so many kinds of plastic from one substance? | [
"1) Crude oil is not one substance. It is a mixture of a ton of different products that need to be extracted through various processes: [_URL_0_](_URL_0_) & #x200B; 2) Plastics are extremely versatile and a ton of different processes can be used to get different products from what is technically the same plastic. ... | [
"Oil is used to produce some 70,000 different chemicals and synthetic materials, so until we find a way to produce each of those things without oil, then it will never be obsolete. We're not talking about silly things either, oil is an essential material for making plastic, nylon, and a thousand other synthetic fib... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
"Weak Bridge. Temporary speed limit" - Why does going slower make it safer or cause less damage? | [
"The bridge is flexible. If there is a heavy truck going across the bridge you might even be able to see or feel it flexes. So when you drive over the bridge you will create a \"bow wave\" in front of you. The faster you go the bigger the wave. And this puts the bridge under a lot of stress. Especially if two heavy... | [
"If they didn't block streets or highways, would you ever pay attention to them??? It gets them noticed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is that ringing/humming noise that you hear when a room is dead silent? | [
"This is called tinnitus. There are a number of things that can cause it. The most common cause is that when you loose a bit of your hearing the nerve signal from that frequency you lost goes to full volume. However your brain will recognize this issue and fix it within a few seconds. However it could be caused by ... | [
"I know what OP is talking about and absolutely no one in the comments is addressing what he's talking about. It's definitely not tinnitus and it is not electrical appliances. It is a loud, distinctive high pitched noise, sounds exactly like the sound effect they use for a flashbang in video games. It lasts for a f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health:"
} |
How do they take super old movies/footage and remaster it to 1080p HD or even 4K UHD? | [
"A lot of movies were shot on film which have much higher resolution then a standard definition TV. It is only recently that movies are being shot on digital camera. So when you visited the movie theater in the 70s you were watching something at about the same quality as modern 4K monitors. By just scanning these f... | [
"Ultra HD TVs have a resolution 4 times greater than a 1080p TV. But in the same way as playing a 480p video on a 1080p TV won't look any better than on a 480p TV or a 720p TV playing a 1080p video on a 4K TV won't look any better. You also need a video or video game in 4K resolution to appreciate the difference. S... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does Russia seem to have an inordinate amount of big meteor impacts? | [
"It's a large area of land. Kinda like hitting a quarter vs a hockey puck. That and all the anti insurance scammer cameras."
] | [
"Bad climate, terrible leaders, heavily sought after resources, cultural barriers, foreign invaders taking sought after resources, constant border wars, lack of industrialization, anyone got any other reasons?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is it a common for eyewitnesses to mistake a lone gunman as multiple shooters? | [
"Lets say theres a convention center, packed to the brim. Lone gunman comes in, starts shooting the place up. For the initial disarray, nobody has any clue whats going on, besides that theres gunfire. Fight or flight is triggered; with nothing to fight, only flight. After the initial fleeing, and the shooter starts... | [
"In highly charged emotional situations, the stress hormones released travel to our brain and take seat in areas that are important for memory. This helps us to focus on central or key elements of the situation and as a result we tend to let the peripheral details that are not relevant slide. e.g. the color of your... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why does gas prices fluctuate so dramatically so much? | [
"Gas is a commodity with very high price sensitivity. Customers will drive stupid distances to save a few cents per gallon. This means that profits are razor thin and competition is cutthroat with very little brand loyalty. Anything that affects production, processing or transport must *immediately* be reflected in... | [
"Sell when it's high, stockholders may start selling too which can bring down stock price, buy it all back again. Profit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Which came first to define the word orange, the color or the fruit? | [
"The fruit. The word for the fruit comes [originally from Sanskrit](_URL_0_) where it's \"nāraṅga.\" In 1512, somebody first referred to something that was yellowish-red as \"orange-coloured.\""
] | [
"Because it is the juice of an orange which is orange on the outside. The color of the exterior of the fruit isn't directly related to the color of the juice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes the pulsating noise when you drive with the windows down, and why is it so much worse with the rear windows than with the front windows? | [
"It is called Helmholtz Resonance. It only happens when you have one side open and the rest closed so if you have the front left window open you wont hear it if the back right window is also open. Its like when you blow air into a glass bottle and it hums. The air is coming into the car and it wants to get back o... | [
"I think all modern cars have them on all windows. Or do you mean where you click it and it rolls down all the way even if you aren't holding it? That's because there isn't a need for it anywhere but the driver's window. The point is for when the driver needs to roll down their window while still focusing on drivin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Automotive:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Automotive:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does the sun burn your skin and how does suncreen help prevent it from happening? | [
"A sunburn is your skin's reaction to ultraviolet radiation. There are chemicals in your skin that breakdown under high exposure to ultraviolet radiation - four kinds of nucleotides specifically. When you body senses this breakdown it rushes in with blood, inflammation and attempts to rid of this now foreign broken... | [
"If you were dead, the sun WOULD bleach your skin. Because you're alive, the cells in your body react to the sunlight by making themselves darker, to reduce the harm done to them by the sunlight."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are the lanthanides and actinides so weird? | [
"The Lanthanides and Actinides are not located outside the table because they're weird; they're put there to make the table easier to read. They properly belong between groups 3 and 4, but that makes the table really wide and narrow; [have a look.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"The periodic table *lists* the elements with increasing proton number/ atomic number. It also *groups* the elements based on their outer valence electron shell configuration. Basically this leads to groups of elements (columns of the periodic table) with consistent material and reactive properties. Hydrogen is a w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some stars flicker and others don't? | [
"Some stars are farther away than others and their light has to travel a long distance to your eye. The flickering appears because even though your looking at the particular star, not all of it's photons hit your retina(most of it scatters while traveling in space and entering the atmosphere) and thus it looks like... | [
"Galaxies are massive and shine. Planets are tiny and don't shine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about astronomy:"
} |
Could planes benefit from having dimples like golf balls? | [
"No. Dimples help on golf balls because they help with base drag, that is drag created by the low pressure region behind the moving thing. However, the dimples increase drag from skin friction. Golf balls are not aerodynamic and thus have a lot of base drag, thus the dimples help. But airplanes are made very aerody... | [
"It’s a result of a drop in air pressure caused by the movement of the water. It also happens when you blow between two sheets of paper. It’s called the Bernoulli Effect. It is also what causes lift under an airfoil, hence allowing planes to fly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why is doing cardio to get your heart rate up good but not through an episode supraventricular tachycardia? | [
"During actual exercise, the movement of other muscle groups and the widening of some blood flow pathways/narrowing of others help assist the heart. You have a number of one-way valves in your body that allow more local muscle contractions to push blood down the pipeline. When you're running, these systems are at p... | [
"It's good to raise your heart rate with exercise because when you rest your heart rate should be slower than if you don't exercise. Having a high resting heart rate is not sign of good health. Energy drinks don't give you a slower heart rate when you are resting."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does a digital scale operate? | [
"There's a tiny accordion of metal foil encased in a nonconductive flexible backing. An electric current is run through the metal foil, and the resistance is measured. As the accordion is pushed together by the weight on the scale, the resistance changes according to a known mathematical formula, allowing you to ca... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
what caused the iconic old dial up internet tone from the 90s? did someone design that sound digitally or is that some sort of analog tone generated from hardware? | [
"dial up uses sound to transfer data. that's just the sound of your hardware talking to the server. that sound continues for as long as you're connected, it's just that your modem mutes it after the initial connection. it's the same way touch tone phones can recognize what numbers you input, when you press a number... | [
"audio is much easier to \"perfect\" than other things. where screens get more and more pixels stuck on them and still arent good enough, audio has long ago reached a stage where the difference between it and reality are too tiny for anyone who isnt an audiophile to care. if you ever get crappy sound on a call, it'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why when driving do objects seem to move slower when seen from the windshield vs seen from a side window. | [
"It has to do with our field of vision. If we're looking straight ahead, things aren't leaving our field of vision like they were if they were passing side to side. And then while looking side to side, objects that are farther away move slower through our field of vision than those that are closer. That's a concep... | [
"Its about line of sight. If you are near the center line you have a better perspective of your closeness to that line than on the far side of the car. You would rather people know they were too close to the center line than too close to the outer line."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are names translated in sign language? | [
"To expand on u/its2late's correct answer - When there's a word / concept that doesn't have a direct sign, often there will be a temporary sign created for the duration of the conversation. The signer fingerspells the word, then indicates the representative handsign they're going to use. For example, if two ASL si... | [
"No. You have many different sign languages, and some languages differ between countries. American Sign Language is different from British Sign Language."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How doesn't my cars remote work on other cars? Like how isn't there another car with the same frequency if its even based on that? | [
"they use the same frequency sure. but there are unique identifiers in the transmitter and receiver. only if the transmitter sends the correct code the receiver is expecting does it unlock. for cheap systems, these are hardcoded so anyone that knows the correct code can unlock the door. thieves could monitor wirele... | [
"Probably remote immobilizers. Just like a remote control car. Basically a remote on and off switch"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why don’t they pre-shrink clothing that shrinks in the wash? | [
"Wool typically doesn't get machine washed... so I think that was your problem. Many garments these days are made of preshrunk fabrics. But if you wash certain items in a manner different from the instructions, you may still shrink it further."
] | [
"To clarify, for most clothes it is not the washing that shrinks them, but the heat of the dryer afterwards. Thats why drying them on low heat or air drying will not cause shrinkage. There are exceptions however, like wool."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When the dishwasher finishes, why do plastic dishes like Tupperware still have tons of droplets of water on them, whereas Glass/Ceramic dishes are perfectly dry? | [
"The glassware retains a lot of the heat from the wash water; this residual heat makes it easier for the droplets on those dishes to evaporate. The plasticware, on the other hand, doesn't hold much heat at all. It's much thinner, and the material has a lower \"specific heat capacity\", or amount of heat needed to c... | [
"Some are simply because the dishwasher can damage the finish on the metal if it's colored/powder coated, etc. But the heat, etc. of a dishwasher can also break the vacuum seal on insulated contrainers, rendering them a lot less effective at keeping things hot/cold."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If Amazon pulls out of the NYC deal what will be done with the 3 billion that was going to be used to subsidize the project ? | [
"> I'm confused what exactly the money is being used for There is no $3 billion if Amazon pulls out. The $3 billion is in **tax breaks** meaning they don't get taxed as heavily as they normally would be, up to a total of $3 billion. If Amazon doesn't do the NYC deal then they aren't going to be taxed *at all* (by N... | [
"In order to get Amazon to agree to put an HQ there, the local governmnet (city and state) has promised the company a fortune in tax breaks. People don't like this because..well, Amazon is already doing pretty well and this amounts to little more than corporate welfare. The hope is that these breaks will eventuall... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How was it that Hitler was accepted as the leader of the Aryan race while being a short scrawny dark haired dude? | [
"During the 1930's there was lots of unemployment and Hitler came along as a outsider politician but said the right things and got many people on his side. Over time his popularity grew then he started to introduce his wacky ideas but at this point people were blindly loyal to him so probably didn't stop to think '... | [
"Curiously, we treated Hitler as a joke at the time...he was always presented as a sort of comic-opera villain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How often do herds of zebras or gazelles in the Kalahari get attacked by predators like lions and cheetahs? | [
"Your question is hard to answer. Zebras are mostly migratory animals, gazelle less so. A herd of zebra might linger within one lion pride's territory, and that pride might only hunt once every few days. If the herd is on the move and crossing several territories, it might get attacked daily."
] | [
"Human ingress into an area usually means that large predator numbers plummet and small rodent numbers skyrocket. What eats small rodents but can't compete with large apex predators? Coyotes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do compressed air cans/dust remover cans gets really cold when you use them? | [
"Gas which reduces in pressure also lowers in temperature (the heat it contains becoming less concentrated). Also the \"canned air\" typically contains a fluid that boils at a relatively low pressure and the transition from liquid to gas also consumes heat energy. This \"enthalpy of vaporization\" sucks up heat fro... | [
"It is pressurized in the lighter. Most gasses when compressed will turn into liquid. Simmilar to compressed air. When you shake it, it feels like there is liquid in it but pulling the trigger shoots out air. Lighters are the same thing. If you've ever thrown a lighter on the ground that pop isn't from the plastic ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What stops us from growing into giants? | [
"If we were too big, we would have multiple skeletal and cardiac problems. There are genetic \"switches\" that help determine when to stop growing. Most \"giants\" die young. & #x200B; Edit: spelling"
] | [
"They think it adds needless complexity to life, which prevents them from connecting as well with each other and God."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Telescope pointing the earth | [
"Yes. You would be seeing an image 1 day old. Because it would take the light from the Earth 1 day to reach your telescope."
] | [
"Rover tone transmit - > mars orbiter - > earth satellite - > JPL"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Science and Technology:"
} |
Why does English have so many different words for groups of animals? | [
"From what I can tell, a large number of the collective nouns we use these days actually originate from medieval manuals. Apparently the earliest one known to us (I'm only mentioning this because I saw the same book referenced in multiple locations) is The Egerton Manuscript, written around 1450. People in that era... | [
"It's the nature of the language, just like you have masculine and feminine nouns in Spanish and French. English is one of the few languages not to have differently gendered words."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how people can have eye colors such as blue and green but not orange or purple? | [
"Eye color is determined by how much or how little melanin there is in the iris. More melanin leads to the darker shades and green irises, and having little to no melanin gives us the blue and grey irises. Since melanin is what gives us the pigment in our iris, the color limitations of melanin is why there aren't a... | [
"Only time I have seen \"red\" is with albinos. You see red because of the complete absence of pigment which allows for a good reflection of their retina in the correct lighting conditions. This lack of pigment also means that they tend to be very sensitive to light (a lot of albinos are nearly blind). Eye color is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How are we able to find things in the universe that are billions of light years away? | [
"Light from the stars from that far travel across the vast emptiness of space to be focused by our telescopes into our eyes or cameras. That tells us what and where they are. Through some very clever ideas like doppler shift, we know if they're coming near us or going away. Through similarly clever ideas like stel... | [
"The only way we could see an image of the past earth would be if it were reflected back to us. If there was some gigantic mirror out in space then we could look at it to see what the Earth looked like in the distant past. But, for many reasons, this isn't practical. But, we can't directly catch up with the image o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Chance of getting something with a 10% probability after 50 tries | [
"As you spin the wheel the probability for your total set of 50 spins changes. After 49 losing spins the probability for the 50 spins is 90% that you'll have 50 losing spins and 10% that you'll have 49 losing spins followed by 1 losing spins. There is a 0% chance at this point that the 32nd spin will be a win, or a... | [
"1/4 chance of throwing a pass properly times a 1/2 chance of catching a pass properly equals a 1/8 chance of success. So this would be a 12.5% chance of a successful pass. When you have two independant variables you multiply them to get the final probability. [Here is a website that explains this.](_URL_0_)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why objects smaller than the wavelength of visible light can't be seen by a regular microscope | [
"Imagine that you are tasked with building a realistic statue of a man. The only materials allowed are Legos. Done well, the statue will look fairly realistic. Now, build the same statue with concrete blocks. Can it even resemble a man? No, the pieces are too big. It's the same with light. If you are trying to reso... | [
"I'll briefly say why we need one before attempting to answer your question. Why an electron microscope is needed? We see objects because light reflected from that object enters our eyes. There is a limit to how small an object can be to reflect light. If an object cannot reflect light, it can not be seen. This is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is dryer lint always the same color? | [
"It isn't. You just wash all your clothes together, without sorting. If you sort into darks, colors, and whites, you'll find your dryer lint separates itself along racial lines as well."
] | [
"Remember, if you're not sure about something, rub it against a piece of paper. If the paper turns clear, it's your window to weight gain!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do carbonated drinks burn? | [
"The CO2 reacts with the water in our mouths and the drink to produce small amounts of carbonic acid. This creates the tingling burn you feel."
] | [
"Once carbonated water gets into your stomach it is just as regular water. The canonization process does not remove any minerals or anything. It just makes the water more acidic. The only effects this have apart from the fizz and the taste is that it damages your teeth and causes you to burp more. There is no other... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When you put a room temperature can of Coke/Pepsi in the freezer for 15 mins, it will still be pretty warm. Take that same can of pop, wrap it in a wet paper towel before putting it in the freezer, and 15 mins later it’s ice cold. | [
"It would be through rapid evaporation. Same way that *you* cool off when you’re hot. The process of liquid water evaporating into water vapor is very efficient at pulling heat out of a wet pouch, like you or a coke can. Since freezers are very dry, evaporation would happen very quickly. Oddly enough, this would p... | [
"It has to do with what's around them while they freeze. Try this experiment. Place two trays next to each other on a shelf. The ice will pop out of both trays just fine. For the next batch place the trays on top of each other. The top tray's ice will come out just fine while the bottom tray's ice will stick and cr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does caffeine help/sooth ADHD individuals and do the opposite to non-ADHD people? | [
"When scanning the brain of someone with ADHD, you can see that it is actually under-stimulated, rather than over-stimulated like most people think. The hyperactive behaviors typical of ADHD are a result of the brain trying to achieve a balance in an external form, since that internal simulation is lacking. Caffein... | [
"Someone already mentioned withdrawal, but there is another theory that some people are self-medicating for conditions that would normally be treated with stimulants, like ADHD."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why the moon looks bigger when it’s closer to the horizon? | [
"It is the same size, you are just comparing it to stuff on the horizon, once it is up high you have nothing to compare it too. Next time compare it to your thumb at the horizon then again with your thumb when in the air, it will be the same. & #x200B; Kind of the same reason a Plane looks like it is traveling at ... | [
"Because the moon is continually orbiting the earth. The moon doesn't follow the night when it orbits, so sometimes we can see the moon during the day."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If our saliva has digestive properties why doesn’t our mouth digest itself? | [
"The saliva contains an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates. Your mouth is not made of carbohydrates. Your clever body though it would be better to save the protein reducing enzymes for a tough part of your body, namely the stomach."
] | [
"Pour a bunch of sugar on a piece of paper. Put the sugar and paper in your mouth and chew it. Once you don't taste any more sugar, spit the paper out. Do you think you just consumed some calories even though you didn't eat any paper? The answer is yes. Same concept applies to gum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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