query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
I took a 24hr release drug and was wondering how they can “program” the different layers of the drug to release at the same time regardless of stomach conditions. | [
"It depends on the medication. Some are designed to be slow dissolving, and are designed to dissolve in an average person over a certain time period. Obviously exact rates will vary by person, their acidity, fluid levels, etc. Others are designed to maintain a sufficient concentration in the blood stream for 24 h... | [
"Half-life and duration of action are both very specific to the drug/compound and the person. There is no One-size-fits-all with regards to half life and activity. For instance, if I take aspirin to thin my blood, that effect lasts about 7 days because my body takes 7 days to replenish my blood cells that were affe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do you count the number of protestors? | [
"Count the number of people in a small area. Then multiply that by how many of that small area can fit in the overall area. That will give you a rough amount of people."
] | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it more windy during the day than in the morning? | [
"Winds are driven by differences in air pressure. If you live near large bodies of water, the air over the water heats up at a different rate than the air over the land, resulting in differences in temperature and pressure. Early in the morning, the temperature/pressures are similar, thus no wind. Google “sea bre... | [
"Because that's the definition of winter. If you're asking why the winter solstice isn't the coldest part of the year (i.e. why is winter colder than fall), it's because it takes time for the sun to warm things up, and it takes time for things to cool off. So just like why the hottest part of the day is a few hours... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does your heartbeat increase when you have a really good stretch? | [
"I remember asking myself a similar question. After being sedentary, like sitting down at your office chair for a while, a good stretch opens up the veins and arteries. All your blood that was resting in your veins gets pumped back into the cardiovascular system, and your heart pumps up to compensate for it. Simila... | [
"Your heart rate rises as you get excited that you are about to have dream sex. This prompts your brain to wake you up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about NSFW:"
} |
why is it necessary to shoe and maintain shoeing horses, but wild ones are fine? | [
"Wild ones don't walk of roads or pull vehicles on roads. This exposes them to a different sort of wear profile, which they have evolved to handle naturally. Working horses are doing unnatural things, so they have to have tools to do their jobs well, just like people."
] | [
"Because you'd have to keep a horse off it's feet to allow the injury to heal Horses sleep, eat and do everything else standing . Other than occasionally lying down when rem (rapid eye movement) sleep is needed. That should show you how not worth the work that process of trying to heal it would be. Some racehorses ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are scars more sensitive to pain than other skin? | [
"Scars don't have to be painful. You get destruction and remodeling of all tissue when you have an injury, including nerve tissue. Sometimes this tissue grows back in a way that can send back more pain signals for painful stimuli or even send back pain for nonpainful stimuli (hyperalgesia vs allodynia)"
] | [
"Blood is rushed to those areas for repair thus causing the feeling of more heat in a specific piece of your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Science:"
} |
how does a continuously variable automatic transmission work? | [
"It isn't really like either, but it is automatic. [Here's a picture of a simplified CVT](_URL_0_). Instead of gears they have two rotating spindles connected by a belt. Since the spindles don't have a constant diameter and the belt can move, adjusting where the belt sits on each spindle lets you change the input/o... | [
"they use an electro magnetic field to “send” electricity over a small gap when electricity flows through a coil it creates a temporary magnetic field. when another coil enters this field, current will start flowing through it allowing a device to be charged wirelessly. hope that explains it well enough."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does one use the coffee grinder at the grocery | [
"It’s not silent, but it’s a noise the store is used to. At Costco, at least, you purchase the beans, open the package, pour the beans into the hopper at the top of the grinder. You set the grind coarseness, put the bag that held the beans beneath the spout, and turn the grinder on. The beans run through the grinde... | [
"Its called a tennis ball basicly the same effect"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Gear shifting on a bicycle, how do you do it properly? | [
"The left shifter usually controls 2 or 3 gears in the front, the right shifter controls 5 or more gears in the rear. For this discussion, let's pretend you have 3 in the front and 5 in the rear. Normally you'd leave it the middle gear in the front, and whatever gear in the rear you feel comfortable peddling. If y... | [
"Synchromesh dog collars. It's a little part inside the transmission that resists you pushing the gears together when they are not aligned. The feedback lets you snap the gear into place without damage. In an automatic transmission, there's also a torque converter serving the role of the clutch in a regular transmi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why do you get new allergies as an adult? | [
"I would check out It's Okay to Be Smart on youtube. They do a good episode on this (im bad at links)"
] | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does your eyesight get worse? | [
"The varying causes of deterioration: Age: Let's day I paint a house. No matter what paint I use, it will eventually get worn and peel, not looking so good. The paint just doesn't last forever. Genetic stuff: Let's say I'm painting another house. This time, I got a bad batch of paint. No matter what I do, it won't ... | [
"If you do it a lot, it could affect your lung capacity. Probably best to give it up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do mental health symptoms seem more intrusive, disruptive and severe at night time? | [
"It's controversial, but basically there's the idea that your executive function diminishes throughout the day. It makes it so that being deliberate with your thoughts is more difficult, giving way to automatic thought, which for some people is unhealthy."
] | [
"Depression affects the entire body. Digestive problems, muscle tension ('heaviness'), fatigue, aches and pains, etc. are part of the illness. But if your chest pain is unusual or uncomfortable, maybe talk to a doctor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do trees function without brains? | [
"Trees don't know anything. They react to their environment through chemical pathways. Living doesn't require thinking."
] | [
"They have nerves and pain receptors. They're living tissue just like the rest of you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does your credit score drop when you check it? | [
"It doesn’t, but it does when you apply for credit. There are “hard” and “soft” checks; checking it yourself is a soft check with no consequences."
] | [
"Google “hard pull” versus “soft pull” When you want to know your credit score - make sure you’re only getting soft pull results. When you get closer to an event like a car purchase or house purchase - you’ll have to do a hard pull at some point - but do your research first so you don’t make things worse!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what is the difference between the old testament and new testament? | [
"The old testament is basically the stores of the Bible before Jesus was born. The old testament is also the Torah in Jewish tradition. The new testament is the part of the Bible about Jesus's birth and his life."
] | [
"The Quran and the book of Mormon are additions to the bible but the catholic church refuses to accept them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If it requires a connection that is able to dowload a video faster than playing it anyway, why do streams need to buffer for a few seconds before being played? | [
"Because connections are not of constant speeds. By giving your computer a little bit of leeway, it mitigates the need for interruptions in order to briefly load."
] | [
"Why wouldn't they be able to do that? They encode every available resolution and only send the one you request; if you change your choice they just start sending something they already had. It isn't like they encode videos for you personally."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is polygamy [still] illegal in the USA, given the requirement for church/state separation and all the other marriage-related freedoms being granted recently? | [
"Marriage law reforms happens when enough people say “it’s time to change these laws”. Not enough have have said that they want these laws changed to allow polygamy."
] | [
"This is the \"right to gay marriage\" case. The four dissenting opinions document four reasons not to decide in favor of this sort of \"right\". Roberts argued that too many \"new rights\" were being \"discovered\" by the courts, when that sort of thing should be legislated. Scalia argued that the courts were prev... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do nuclear missile submarines receive orders from the president to launch a nuke while underwater? | [
"When deep, an ELF signal can be used to tell them to come up for further info. Extremely Low Frequency signals are very constrained, so it would take a long time to send/receive a more detailed message. But once they come up to a shallower depth, they can deploy a floating wire antenna that floats on or near the s... | [
"The result would be instant, massive retaliation. The US has a number of submarines roaming around the world all the time, each one carrying enough nukes to level most of a country. Each [Ohio class submarine](_URL_0_) carries 24 nuclear missiles, each one easily powerful enough to kill a whole city. The US has 14... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do rubber bands get that distinctive scent? | [
"I believe you are talking about the smell that rubber has. If you ever smell a rubber tree it smells like that just stronger."
] | [
"They often use it *because* it will oxidize, giving its classic, desirable green patina."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Cannabis Induced Psychosis | [
"Psychosis is mental state in which you experience a break or disconnect from reality meaning hallucinations and/or paranoia. Some people are more susceptible or prone to mental health conditions like psychosis and substances such as cannabis or methamphetamine can trigger or induce these conditions"
] | [
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do hatmakers turn cotton fabric into a semi-rigid, leather-like hat? | [
"Here's a [_How It's Made_ segment](_URL_0_) on exactly this. Hatmaking has more steps to it than you'd imagine. Edit to add: I misread/misinterpreted OPs bit about cotton. Oilskin and waxed cotton use precisely what it sounds like to toughen up the cotton/denim base after the hat has been sewn. [oilcloth with li... | [
"Because it's easier to build a wooden frame and stretch leather over it than to weave together chairs with brittle fibers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why we cry when feeling intense emotions | [
"There is 3 types of tears in your eyes. * Basal - The fluids of the eye * Reflex - These are responses to say irritants * Emotional It's believed that sadness, pain, joy, anger and other intense sensations produce a chemical soup in the brain that might be toxic and that crying is a way to get rid of these chemi... | [
"It means they have an emotional reaction to it. Like, watching a sad video and it, the video, affects them. It'd be like saying they were moved emotionally in some way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How are pictures of planets so focused and not blurred, when they move at a speed of several km/s? | [
"They're very far away. It's like looking at a distant mountain, or any object on the horizon, when you're in a car. It's far enough that it looks almost stationary. Compare it to the nearby objects that seem to zoom past, even though your speed doesn't change. Also, you often have to adjust the telescope every few... | [
"* galaxies are bigger in the sky * most galaxies are brighter * galaxy don't move in any perceptible way In particular, those awesome pictures of galaxies you see are the result of a telescope pointing at the galaxy for hours, sometimes days. If you did the same to Pluto, after a few hours it gets all smeary due t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about astronomy:"
} |
How does P2P encryption work? | [
"Whenever you send a message, the message is locked (encrypted) using a key . The key is unique in the sense that you and only the intended recipient has the key to that lock. Thus, only the recipient can unlock (decrypt) the message."
] | [
"Is there a revealed hash I don't know about to maintain integrity?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is the body able to regrow damaged skin, bone and muscle but not full body parts like a lost finger or leg? | [
"I could be wrong, but I think it has to do with the \"blueprint\" for the biostructure. Cells regenerate because the map is already laid out. If the whole part goes, the map goes as well."
] | [
"There is not (with the exception of hair and fingernails). If a part of your body contains living cells, those cells can turn cancerous. You can get cancer of the bone, skin, muscles, blood, cartilage, nerves, etc etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Does a joint's ability to be cracked say anything about the health of the joint? | [
"Doctor of Physical Therapy here. The crack you hear when you 'pop' a joint (called cavitation) is simply nitrogen bubbles being released in the joint's synovial fluid from the negative pressure of the joint being stretched. Quite normal, and not unhealthy. I use joint manipulation with my patients often as a metho... | [
"You probably are just better at the technique after practice. There is currently no evidence that cracking your knuckles causes any physiologic change. Edit: correction, actually chronic knuckle cracking has been shown to be associated with hand swelling and decreased grip strength. The evidence also shows no asso... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did pluto get declassified from being a planet? | [
"It was a very odd planet. More similar to asteroids and comets then any planet. And we were discovering more and more objects of similar size. Especially when it was discovered that Pluto was a dual dwarf planet and not a single planet. And then as the discussions of what the definition of planet should be and peo... | [
"When it started to be a planet. To be a planet, it needs to fit three criteria: A planet is an object in orbit around the Sun with a diameter greater than 2000 km. A planet is an object in orbit around the Sun whose shape is stable due to its own gravity. A planet is an object in orbit around the Sun that is domin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do many words sound exactly like what they mean? | [
"Two possible reasons: 1. The words for them were chosen based on how those sounds made us feel. 2. Using them for the longest time in a context associates the feeling with the word. - For example, Harsh in Hindi (with some pronunciation difference) means Happiness and people who speak hindi associate that sound mo... | [
"One of them is pronounced just as you expect it to be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why do fruits taste so much better when in season | [
"Because the phrase \"in season\" is used by humans to describe the time of year when we most prefer the taste of different fruits."
] | [
"The bitter ones we humans haven't cultivated into tasty fruits that are easy to eat. The closer to natural you go, the less sweet and harder to peel citrus get."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do you feel hot and what causes you to feel hot from embarrassment? | [
"Long story short, we have special kinds of nerve cells called thermoreceptors, that send signals to our brain when temperature changes. That's what makes us 'feel' hot. When embarrassed, adrenaline is released which increases your heart rate and metabolism - heat is released as a byproduct of a lot of chemical rea... | [
"The butterflies sensation is caused by a lack of blood flow to your stomach. It is a result of adrenaline being released because you are nervous. Different people have different nervous reactions. I dont get butterflies, but my legs get shaky. Some people get sweaty palms. Everyone is a bit different in their resp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where does the water from a firehose reel come from? | [
"In a commercial building there are three main possibilities: 1) it is attached to the underground water main, 2) there is a water tank on the roof for sprinklers/firefighting, or 3) there is a standpipe connection at the base of the building where fire fighters can connect it to either a hydrant or a pump truck."
... | [
"There is no difference between the water that comes out of any faucets or spigots in your house or yard. It’s all coming from the same place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Since technology has advanced and we have better images or Pluto, is it still not considered a planet? Why did they say it was just ice or something and remove it’s “planet status” a while back? | [
"The reason it isn't considered a planet isn't actually to do with how well we can see it. It's to do with how we define a planet. There's loads of rocks in our solar system, a continuous range in size from pebbles to Earth. To decide what is a planet, we need some criteria to separate a really big rock from a plan... | [
"It was a very odd planet. More similar to asteroids and comets then any planet. And we were discovering more and more objects of similar size. Especially when it was discovered that Pluto was a dual dwarf planet and not a single planet. And then as the discussions of what the definition of planet should be and peo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are some medications in higher doses only with a prescription? | [
"Love the question! First, let me start wirh saying I hold a degree in biological sciences, with a focus on microbiology and immunology, specifically Pharmaceutical Science. Ibuprofen for example: Most otc ibuprofen recommend dose is 2 every 6 hours, or 400 mg. At a higher single dose, such as 600 or 800, prescrip... | [
"The medicine that is in the name brand and generic are exactly the same. The filler that is used by name brands are a bit more high quality and a little more expensive than the filler used by generics."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
how do doctors know if babies need spectacles? And if they can assess babies without them reading letters/numbers why can’t they assess others that way? | [
"The lens work the same way in both direction. So you you look into the eye and the retina is not sharp the image the eye see it not sharp. It is quite normal today that the first thing you do when you check you eye is to look into a machine where if you just focus on the image is project it can with good accurate ... | [
"Vision can be evaluated using the Snellen chart. If you can see at 20 feet what you should be able to see at 20 feet, then you have 20/20 vision. If you can see at 20 feet what you should be able to see at 10 feet, you have 20/10 vision. If you have to be at 20 feet to see what you should be able to see at 40 feet... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does the roof of the mouth/tongue get numb and painful after eating a lot of sour foods (e.g sour skittles, sour patch kids etc.)? | [
"Sour flavor is caused by tartaric or citric acid. After eating a bunch of acid covered food, the cells in your mouth are damaged so it causes discomfort. ELIActually5: There is tiny oof sand on sour candy that gives your mouth boo-boos."
] | [
"No one really knows for sure. There's theories out there that women crave the nutrients their bodies are missing but AFAIK it hasn't been proven. Most common cravings are sweets like chocolate/ice-cream or salty chips not healthy foods. Anecdotaly, myself and most pregnant women I know craved high-calorie foods (... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How haven’t the constellations changed in thousands of years? | [
"They *have* changed. Just not very much. Stars are *extremely* far away. The reason they don't seem to change much is the same reason mountains don't seem to change much when you look at them while you walk around. But over time these little differences add up to differences that can be seen. Same as when you even... | [
"The actual reason for this phenomenon is roughly understood. One of the leading theories for this behavior is that it imitates their spaceships. The ones they used over 2000 years ago to make contact with the ancient Egyptians and enslaved them to create beautiful statues."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is abstract art considered art? | [
"Adam Ruins Everything did an episode related to this, and they show their sources on screen Here's a clip: _URL_0_"
] | [
"What's so bad about having something made in Israel?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that the longer a piece of taut rope is, the looser it appears to be? | [
"The first part of this answer has to do with pulling a rope truly straight. The amount of force used to \"straighten\" a rope is exponentially higher the closer it gets to completely straight. If you pull on a rope enough to raise it one inch, you have to pull on it twice as hard to raise it the next inch, and fou... | [
"When you scrape the scissors along a plastic ribbon you are stretching the outer side of the ribbon which means one side of the ribbon becomes longer than the other - this means that the ribbon has to curl to accommodate the long side and the short side being attached to each other. How's that Christmas wrapping g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do stimulants (Coffee, adderall, cocaine, etc.) cause a loss of appetite? | [
"Because they activate the part of the brain that wants to hunt. When you hunt you shouldn't feel hungry or you're distracted so the appetite is suppressed."
] | [
"If you mean plain caffeinated coffee than the effect is basically that of the caffeine it contains. that's primarily going to be increased urination, dehydration, exciteability, etc. Caffeine can also be addictive and there can be significant withdrawal effects if you stop having it, including headaches, irritabil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How can a computer program written to play chess defeat world champion? Is it only because it is fast and can compute all possible moves? If yes, can a human defeat it, given infinite time? | [
"Computer programs can be written to learn from experience just like humans can. And they can play many, many more games very quickly. Just like humans get better with experience, so can the program."
] | [
"Why wouldn't it? You can play chess with yourself, the problem is that advanced chess has a lot to do with predicting your opponent's future plays. If you are your own opponent, you generally have a very good idea of what you are going to do. If you were to think of each move as an independent event and make your... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about computing:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about computing:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
Why 0.1M of acetic acid is more conductive than 17M of acetic acid | [
"Solutions need ions to conduct electricity. 17M acetic acid is almost pure acetic acid, there’s not enough water for the acid to dissociate."
] | [
"In a 600 mL Red Bull there are 30 g of sugar. The solubility of sucrose sugar in water is 250 g/100 mL at 25 degrees celsius. That means you can dissolve 1.5 kg of sugar in that drink before it starts crashing out of solution."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it so satisfying to rub your eyes and why is it so difficult to stop? | [
"As a patient of kerateconus, never ever rub your eyes. I used to agree that rubbing your eyes was heaven, but now I'm slowly going blind. When you rub your eyes you are slowly degrading the integrity of your cornea, and it will start to deform. I wish I would have known at a younger age before the damage was done.... | [
"I do it both compulsively and therapeutically. I'll do it when I'm nervous but often I simply have sore hands and it helps. The real question is, do I do it because my hands hurt or does my brain make me think my hands hurt?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health and Physiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Health and Physiology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does a running start help you jump higher than normal? | [
"Farther sure, higher though? I'm not so sure about"
] | [
"If you had the thighs of gods and can jump at unhuman speeds, maybe. For the rest of us, no. The momentum change from jumping won't make a difference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why didn't firearms people other than snipers and machinegunners just paint dots on glass sights? | [
"A reflex sight isn't just a dot on glass, a dot on the glass doesn't show you where the bullet will go unless you're looking at it dead on A reflex sight uses creative lenses and mirrors to make the dot appear \"at infinity\" so it is always straight down the barrel from the lens. This means no matter what angle y... | [
"Tracer rounds are there to let the shooter see where the bullet is going. Especially with low to medium caliber \"inert\" bullets (ball, hollowpoint, armour-piercing and such), there generally won't be any easily visible sign of the point of impact, especially at night. So, tracer rounds (which contain a compound ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why ads like McDonald's aren't considered misleading advertising, despite the fact that the product showed isn't even something like the offered product? | [
"The product shown is the optimal, best case scenario version of the food they make. All of the food you see in a McDonald’s commercial is actual McDonald’s food cooked in an actual McDonald’s Kitchen. The ad agency just makes a lot (like hundreds) of versions until they get the best one and then instead of putting... | [
"It's advertising, as to suggest that they are so great that there's more to it than simply consuming them as a snack. In reality, however, you generally do just eat them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why didn’t the police arrest people like Amy Winehouse and Kurt Cobain when they know they did drugs? | [
"It's not illegal to have done drugs in the past. It's illegal to be physically possessing them, or distributing them. Basically there's no reason to try to go after some random celebrity just because they do drugs."
] | [
"Is it ruining their lives or interests? Evidently not, if it was they'd do something about it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does a country economy needs constant growth? | [
"If the GDP doesn't grow at, or faster than the rate of population growth, then living standards can decrease, as there is only slightly more wealth to go around shared by a larger proportion of population."
] | [
"what makes you think society is fiscally dependent on the stock market?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What caused the differences between British and American english? | [
"Being separated by an ocean before rapid travel was the norm. People were already crossing the Atlantic by the time of the colonies, but it was not something the average person would do several times. That considerable separation led to cultural and linguistic quirks that soon became distinct, because while they b... | [
"The main reason is because of the religious background of the United States."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do subliminal messages work? | [
"It can be phrasing, a short word, a single frame of film with a message on it, a quick image of a logo or message. It's basically a mostly hidden message or image that's supposed to make you think of a company, brand or product Example: a happy scene in a movie might have a McDonald's logo in tge distance. You ma... | [
"Related question: What if I want to become a mercenary? What do I do?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does repeated exposure to "cancer causing" substances cause cancer? Why doesn't the cancer begin immediately after cellular exposure? | [
"Cancer is caused by cellular mutations, but not all mutations cause cancer. Some mutations have no effect. Others just kill the affected cell. Only some mutations cause the cell to divide uncontrollably, which is what cancer is."
] | [
"No, tiny particles crashing into DNA do permanent damage to your cells and their ability to produce proteins. With snake venom the inflammatory response can be suppressed by constant exposure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that when metals are heated up to a molten state they lose most or all of their magnetic characteristics, but the earths core is molten metal and it is what gives the Earth its magnetic field? | [
"The magnetic field of the Earth is caused by an extremely complex and not fully understood phenomenon called the earth's [geodynamo](_URL_0_). The short answer is that the magnetic field is not held in completely the same way as a standard permanent magnet, as the core is far above the Curie Temperature, the temp... | [
"It's not possible for both of the poles to be in the same direction, ie \"NN\" or \"SS.\" The Earth's magnetic field is a dipole, meaning that it always has a north and south magnetic pole at opposite ends. Straight bar magnets are also dipoles. It is possible for the Earth's magnetic field to stop, though it woul... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Earth Science:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Earth Science:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Is Peak Oil still considered a threat? | [
"Yes it is still a threat, fracking, technology and exploration pushed the date back but it is still going to happen or is currently happening."
] | [
"Context? What is a \"smart meter\", and where is this controversy based out of? Who is involved? Thanks!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why the fuck are there so many mattress stores | [
"Hmm interesting question, have you tried sleeping on it?"
] | [
"yeah and why is it that this never happens for advertisements and they load perfectly"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is a ‘well seasoned’ cast iron skillet not considered unhygienic? | [
"The \"seasoning\" that is commonly discussed about cast iron cookware, refers to the baked on coating of oil that has forms a relatively non-stick patina to the surface of the pan. It occurs when this coating of oil is baked at a high enough temperature to carbonize and bond with the pan. This is commonly done at... | [
"Teflon starts to break down at high temperatures, imparting carcinogens into food. You can't put it in the oven. You can't use metal utensils on it because it will damage the coating. Also while you might think it heats up quick, it doesn't. Stainless is like instant. Teflon also has much lower heat conductivity. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How heart rate sensor in smartphones detect user's heart beat through index finger? | [
"Pretty sure they’re optical sensors that use a bright light to illuminate your veins and then take a sort of “picture” of how rapidly the veins are shrinking and expanding."
] | [
"If it's an app, mostly motion detection, with perhaps some sound detection! If it's a smartwatch, most likely pulse (it changes with your sleep and the stages within it) and motion detection!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why it is importent to not make someone vomit after they had swallow chemical product (such as soap for the floor) | [
"Harsh chemicals can do more than just poison you. Once they're in your stomach they're at least partially diluted by the other contents of your stomach. At that point the bigger concern can be protecting your throat, and your ability to breath. Vomiting is going to re-expose your throat to the chemicals, and poten... | [
"Because theres still molecules left from your food, mouthwash and from when you brush your teeth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why is "proof" on alcoholic beverages twice the percentage of alcoholic content? Why not simply just label the percentage? | [
"In olden days, the potency of alcohol was measured by pouring a little of the alcohol over gunpowder and lighting it on fire. If it burned with a steady blue flame, it was the alcohol was proof spirit. Proof spirit was taxed higher in ye olde England. This proofing method had a problem: the flammability of the liq... | [
"It's not, really. It's just that 5 oz of wine is a good measure to use to compare to a 1.5 oz shot of liquor, or 12 ounces of beer in terms of alcohol content. Of course, it's not perfect as beer and wine can vary in the amount of alcohol they have per ounce. Liquor, on the other hand, is almost always the same am... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does water taste better/different when we are extra thirsty? For example, after working out. | [
"Because you want it more. I had the same feeling late last night after not eating all day, and eating what I know is not a 4-star pastrami sandwich. But at the time, it was four stars"
] | [
"Depends on your definition of cold and personal preference. The only time I prefer cold water is when I'm exhausted and thirsty, usually from working out or something....at that point cold water helps cool me down and quench my thirst. Any other time I drink room temperature water and find it just as refreshing as... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Food and Beverage:"
} |
how is it possible to become so zoned out when driving a route you frequent, that you don’t recall part of the drive there? | [
"You don't keep all your memories. Your brain does some editing to get rid of 'junk' information that isn't useful for the future. When you drive the same route a lot, your brain starts to recognise that there's nothing new here - the trip is the same as all the other trips, and so it starts not storing parts. The ... | [
"It has a little bit to do with how your brain processes things. Have you ever noticed how drives you do every day (like a commute to work or the store) eventually seem to take no time at all? You get used to them, and you don't have to think about the route you're taking so much. The same thing happens on a smalle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Have all colours been discovered ? | [
"Because light is an analogue wave technically there are an infinite number of degrees between each hertz so there are an “infinite” number of colors. However our eyes are not sensitive enough to distinguish between them all. The issue is that the amount of colors there are to humans is limited by the degrees of ch... | [
"What if you want a printed version of what was said?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
that pain you get in your inner cheeks after you eat something sweet | [
"I recall reading somewhere it’s caused by your saliva glands going from 0 to 60 and the muscles squeezing them so hard it sorta hurts. Why you usually get it with really sour things."
] | [
"I think I know what you're talking about. I get a super tingling feeling after I eat something semi-tart after not having eaten anything for a long period of time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is it possible to hypothesize what someone experiences after a lobotomy? | [
"There are a lot of people who have survived a lobotomy, you don’t need to hypothesise. Why not google some accounts [like these?](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"When was the last time you actually witnessed a human being decapitated? Where is your source for how a human body acts after a decapitation?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about biology:"
} |
Why do people instinctively put their hands on their heads to express stunned disbelief? (Like your team losing on a buzzer beater, etc.) | [
"Putting arms out over your head supposedly comforts your mind when stressed and opens up your lungs making it easier to breathe. It’s just instinctive - you’ll notice it when marathon runners finish a race or more interestingly something interrogators look for to catch someone who might have lied."
] | [
"If you start a riot because you're mad about some political stuff you might get labeled a \"violent protester.\" If you start a riot because Oakland wins (or loses, or has a bye) you're a rioter."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why is the sound on cell phone conversations still so bad in 2019 when compared to a hard line ? | [
"There are better quality options available, however, it requires that every piece of equipment along the way support the higher quality protocol. That is to say, your phone has to support it, your carrier has to support it, the other guy's carrier has to support it, and his phone has to support it. Any incompatibi... | [
"Radio is generally a wideband audio signal, 8-20khz, phones are traditionally around 4khz pf audio bandwidth, when someone calls into a radio show you can hear the contrast between the 8-20khz wide audio the radio has, to the 4khz wide audio a phone call has - the effect is much more obvious on FM than on AM radio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Technology:"
} |
how does the autofucos function work on modern cameras? | [
"If you calculate the contrast it the color difference between pixels next to each other, it is highest when you are in focus. If you are out of focus it is blurred and each pixel is a lot closer to the neighbor in color. & #x200B; There are other way that it can be done but that is a common way. A harder problem ... | [
"sorry to hijack, but if someone could eli5 how a non-electronic gyroscope works, that'd be pretty boss as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does cracking a joint relieve pain there? | [
"Gases build up in the joint which cause pressure. Pressure can lead to stiffness or discomfort. “Cracking” the joint it releases the gas relieving the pressure and discomfort. Over time your body produces the gases again allowing you to crack the joint again. The sudden movement of a “crack” may also help release ... | [
"Your joints or ligaments are filled with fluid and when you move it can create a partial vacuum. It expands and then rapidly collapses, creating a popping sound. Reduce the amount? Don't crack your knuckles. But there's no evidence that this can lead to arthritis or any other harm."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
how come when I’m on a call and it’s connected to a speaker, the other person can’t hear themselves despite their voice being the loudest thing in the room | [
"Telephone devices use \"echo cancellation\" techniques to prevent people hearing themselves like this. It's hard to do well, especially in environments where the hardware is moving about. Devices listen for echoes of their outgoing signal to work out their delay and volume so they can subtract it from future incom... | [
"The phone knows what it's playing it out the speaker and is able to subtract that from what comes in the mic"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why it hurts your credit score to check your credit score? | [
"Checking your own credit history isnt reported on your credit history. But if a lender checks your credit history to make a lending decision, that is reported, and someone applying for a lot of credit is probably at a higher risk of defaulting on a loan."
] | [
"Google “hard pull” versus “soft pull” When you want to know your credit score - make sure you’re only getting soft pull results. When you get closer to an event like a car purchase or house purchase - you’ll have to do a hard pull at some point - but do your research first so you don’t make things worse!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why have the designs for icons gone from complex and 3D to simple and 2D? | [
"It's a design philosophy called 'flat design'. It was pioneered on the Microsoft Zune of all things, in part to compensate for the devices limited hardware. It was later adopted into the ill-fated Windows 8 Metro interface meant to optimize Windows for tablets and touch screens, even though to this day most of the... | [
"Photoshop has a filter called \"posterize\". Use that on a normal photograph and you'll get a decent approximation. It's really just reducing the colour range and making hard borders between them. Otherwise stick with a cartoon style. Don't think it's anything specific and I would just call it pop art/cartoon-ish"... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does vegetable oil remove stickers and and sticky residues? | [
"I’d the adhesive contains a polymer, vegetable oil swells the polymer and breaks it down so it no longer has any adhesive or elastomeric properties"
] | [
"The rice helps absorb/pull the residue moisture from the phone. Anything particularly absorbent will work, for example cat litter."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
If the brain can’t go longer than 6 minutes without oxygen before brain damage occurs, how can some free divers hold their breath for 10, 15 and even 20 minutes without getting severe brain damage? | [
"It is the blood that carries oxygen. Divers have their oxygen level highest possible before the dive. Extra breathes minutes before the action can help. Also there is no proof some of them havent got brain damage."
] | [
"Typically you feel more alert and somewhat more energetic. Short periods of high oxygen levels can give positive reactions. However it is quite dangerous for extended periods of time. Inhalation of pure oxygen can lead to brain damage after 8-10 hours and is often fatal after 12 hours."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do horses need to wear horse shoes? | [
"Domesticated horses live in environments filled with more moisture than the original habitat they came from. This excess moisture softens and breaks down the ceratin in the hoof leading to splitting or other deformations. A shoe adds protection as well as working to, in a sense, hold the hoof together. Note that n... | [
"Horses can and do get frost bite on their ears."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How come it’s easy to type out a complex word, but when you spell it out loud, it becomes difficult? | [
"When typing, you can see the letters available. When speaking, you are recalling the letters, and perhaps visualizing as well. Your brain is multitasking, slowing down your ability to correctly spell out the word Of course, different people may or may not have this problem, but considering I also have the same is... | [
"2 parts of brain go different speeds. Sometimes I write the the same small word twice without noticing it, always spelled right."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Speech and Language:"
} |
What is the science behind shy bladders? | [
"The short answer is: we don't know. Embarrassing incidents (teasing, accidents, scolding, etc) may be a psychological cause but it is not the cause of all cases so it's hard to pinpoint psychological or physiological causes, and it can develop at any age. (I had no problem using urinals with others present until m... | [
"How do you define your hints of schizophrenia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a vape produce vapour/smoke from just e-liquid and a coil? | [
"The same reason that if you put water onto something hot it turns to steam it's just a change of state... Come on son"
] | [
"With cigarettes you inhale smoke from burning leaves. With a vaper you inhale vaporised propylene glycol with nicotine and flavourings. In both cases you are taking unnecessary crap in to your lungs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
If light is a electromagnetic wave and energy then how is it effected by gravity? | [
"Because that electromagnetic radiation has to move *through* something. It can't just get from point A to point B without going through some type of medium. In the vacuum of space, that medium is... spacetime. As per Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, massive objects distort spacetime (which is what gravity ... | [
"Hi. I took IB Physics, and I think I understand this llright. Firstly, no mass does not mean that it doesn't exist. Think about these examples: 1. Think about how much heat weighs, or a fire. 2. or think about sound 3. or electricity None of those examples really make sense right? They are just heat, or energy, or... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How was Everest formed? | [
"The Indian subcontinent is ploughing into Asia at a relatively high speed, geologically speaking (15cm/year back in the Cretaceous). The impact was relatively recent, 40-50mya, and so the Himalayas are relatively young. This means they haven't had as much time as other mountain ranges to erode away. The Indian sub... | [
"How do you think they stay rich? ;)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is cancer so deadly? | [
"Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth. Most cells will divide until they are no longer needed, and then they will stop Cancerous cells are damaged, and so they have no stop function. One cell becomes 2. 2 becomes 4. It continues exponentially. These cells continue using up resources and taking up space of healthy... | [
"Context? What is a \"smart meter\", and where is this controversy based out of? Who is involved? Thanks!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does microfiber cloth work? | [
"The surface area of the cloth is 50x larger than any smooth surface it lays on because of the l tiny fibers."
] | [
"How much do they cost vs how much will they generate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why can my phone easily catch WiFi and mobile data, but can't catch any radio frequencies without headphones plugged in? | [
"It has to do with the length of the antenna: The lower the frequency of the signal, the longer your antenna needs to be in order to properly pick up the signal. It still works with a shorter antenna, but the signal strength will drop of quite a bit. So an antenna that is made for receiving cellular signals (~800 M... | [
"Electromagnetic interference from the signals going to the phone goof with the electronics that pulse the speakers and make little buzzing noises if it isn't shielded well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do people associate certain colors with different moods, feelings, ...? | [
"Well if it helps any the color pink has been scientifically proven to provide a more relaxing environment. There was a prison, that I can’t remember which one but it was on the news, they painted the cells pink to help alleviate inmates from any aggression they felt. I actually think they did see progression, they... | [
"Why are noses different in size, why are people different heights, why do we have different hair colors?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
What is with the weird colors and patterns you see when closing your eyes super hard? | [
"This phenomenon is known as [Phosphene](_URL_0_) . You're eyes don't necessarily need light entering them in order to be stimulated. The thalamus (the part of the brain responsible for relaying sensory signals), your visual cortex, and your retina are in an “always on” state. The neurons in these visual systems ar... | [
"1: where is the visual representation? 2: Are you talking about when the water pours backwards out of the glass and dribbles down it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does your brain shut down whenever you read something boring? | [
"For most of our species' evolution, calories were scarce and precious resources. The brain requires burning a lot of calories to function. If we are burning too many calories trying to comprehend something that isn't relevant and won't contribute in any way to improving our chances of survival, our brains ha... | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What actually changes in your body when you build cardio endurance? | [
"Endurance comes from a process that converts glucose and oxygen into energy. There are many steps in that conversion process, and each of them gets optimized in a certain way. A top endurance athlete will have more red blood cells to carry oxygen, a bigger heart muscle to pump the blood faster, and more mitochondr... | [
"For starters, you need to specify what kind of workout. That is, Weightlifting, or Cardio. Weights are used to build strength and muscle mass, while cardio is exercise that involves maintaining a high heart rate to burn calories, get in shape, and (depending on what kind of cardio you do) tone muscles. You need to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do mainstream websites link those clickbait articles? Why aren’t they worried about it hurting their reputation? | [
"It might be that they (the mainstream sites) don't choose the clickbait intentionally. They may have an advertising deal whereby they share revenue with an ad agency for clicks, and the ad agency places the ads. The ad agency is going to place whatever draws the most attention, so clickbait is the logical choice i... | [
"Because those fake download buttons are ads. Each mis-click you make is an extra couple of cents into the website owners pocket. If they replace those ads with non-tricky ads, then they will lose clicks. Its all about generating revenue, no matter how ethically they are doing it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How can biologists know there are thousands of undiscovered life species if we haven't discovered them yet? | [
"They extrapolate using the rate of discovery of new species in the past to predict the total number of new species which will be discovered in the future."
] | [
"There's disagreement on whether viruses are considered living organisms, but neither side has come out victorious yet. So people use the phrase \"organisms on the edge of life\" to describe it. The reason for the debate is viruses have some of the attributes of life, but not others. It can reproduce, but it needs ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Ad blockers are common for Computer applications, (Adblock+) Why is it uncommon to find working ad lockers for mobile phones? | [
"Mobile apps and operating systems in general are siloed, meaning that apps can't directly interact with each other. A good adblock on windows directly looks at all the traffic coming in and chooses what to block. It establishes itself between the server and your phone screen. On the other hand, there's no way (unl... | [
"A majority of advertisements on websites come from the same source websites: Admob, google ads, etc. Adblock acts as a filter and removes these ads before you see the page. Companies can not circumvent this because all the work is done on your end."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't we define the value for log_-2(-8)? | [
"A number base (b) is how you count. Its scalar, it has no inherent direction, so it can’t be negative. You are defining how far apart the ticks are on your number line, and that length can’t be negative. So you can’t have a base of negative anything and it stops there. P also needs to be a positive number because... | [
"n^0 = 1, not n. It's a little complicated why this is so (_URL_0_)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Mathematics:"
} |
What are war bonds and how do they work? | [
"Let's say I need to borrow some money. I make you an offer: if you loan me $1000 right now, I'll pay you 3% interest ($30) every year for 10 years and then give you the original $1000 back. So, 10 years from today, you'll have $1300. That's how bonds work. & #x200B; War bonds were bonds that the government issued... | [
"Stock: You own part of the company. If there are 100 stocks, and you own 1, you own 1% of the company. Bond: My company needs $100 loan to do a project. I don't want to get get the money from a bank, so I create bonds. If you buy my bond, I'll pay you back with interest. Securities: Any tradable financial asset. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does a spider not get stuck in its own Web? | [
"Not a scientist or a science major. But spiders produce 2 (or more) kinds of webs. Usually they have one that is sticky. That they get stuck in. And another one. That is stronger. It holds up the web. But isn't sticky. Spiders walk on those parts of the web"
] | [
"Insects don't need to use doors, any crack will do to enter and exit. Ever had a roach knock on your door?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do humans feel the need to have sex throughout the year instead of having a "mating season" like other animals? | [
"Human infants are practically useless for so long that there's little benefit for timing with seasonality. A deer fawn is born in the early spring so that it's strong and mobile and well fed by winter. A baby human born in spring is still totally inept and shitting itself ten months later, and there wasn't much of... | [
"No great apes have a mating season, because they all live in tropical forest environments with relatively little seasonal variation. It's rather common for animals in these environments to lack a mating season. For example, neither lions nor giraffes have them. You may think mating seasons are typical if you grew ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:"
} |
Do Doctors really work "24 hour shifts" as is a whole day with only a few breaks, no sleep? If so, does this not make more susceptible to errors? | [
"Yes, they do. Some states have passed laws not allowing this. FYI: this type of training schedule was initially implemented by a guy who was a drug addict—amphetamines or cocaine, I forget which. So staying up for huge stretches of time was not strange for him. For people who are not drug addicts, it can be grueli... | [
"Those recommended hours are just an average. There are always going to be some outliers, but that doesn't have to mean those people are unhealthy. In general, people who are unhealthy will need more sleep. But in those cases, it is not them sleeping more causing their illnesses. It is their illnesses making them n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health:"
} |
How does "acquired taste" work? Will simply eating enough of a certain food make it taste good, or at least more acceptable? | [
"Whether or not something tastes good is, at least partially, learned behavior and can be influenced by peer pressure. If you are told repeatedly that something tastes good and continue to consume even though your initial reaction is the opposite, you will agree. This is, I think, the only way to explain the popula... | [
"When you're little, if you give baby food and chocolate to a baby, it will probably prefer chocolate because it's \"stronger\" to his taste buds. But since it is a baby, he isn't used to strong flavors, so it can eat bland foods as well. That's why when you have a baby, you don't introduce salt and sugar right awa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Food and Perception:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Food and Perception:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is a Value-Added Tax, and how does it work? | [
"Let’s say you want to sell apple pies. You buy all the ingredients, make the pie and sell it. You’ve paid for flour, apples, sugar, fat, etc. For one pie, these ingredients cost you 5$. You sell the pie for 20$. You’ve added 15$ of value to those ingredients, so you are taxed on the value you’ve added. At 10% that... | [
"It's easy if you're an international company. Let's say you do business in two countries: Country A (60% tax) - Sales: $1 billion - Manufacturing costs: $0.5 billion - Research and Development: $0.5 billion - Net profit: $0 - Tax Owed: $0 Country B (0% Tax) - Sales: $1 billion - Manufacturing costs: $0 (all your i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
I‘m trying to understand Friedman’s first model of the universe. I gather that it suggests space bends round on itself like a globe, suggesting spacetime is finite. But If that’s true, wouldn’t many more observable galaxies be moving towards us, contrary to Edwin Hubble’s observations? | [
"Well, if the sphere was large enough, the light from those distant stars wouldn't have had enough time to get here, given the age of the Universe. Thus the Observable Universe could be flat, while the Universe had an interesting shape. We just happen to be living in one of the flat parts."
] | [
"Something is observable when we can detect light that came from its location. Light takes time to reach us, and something is outside the observable universe for us if its light hasn't reached us yet. An unobservable thing can be incredibly distant, so that the light would require more than the age of the universe ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:"
} |
Can an object's shadow be smaller then an object? | [
"Yes. At noontime, the sun is straight above you so you cast a very small puddle of shadow by your feet that is much smaller than you."
] | [
"Well, your finger is smaller than the Empire State building, right? Much, much smaller. But if you're looking at the building, and put your finger in your your line of sight, then you should be able to block seeing the building all together. Same as an eclipse. The moon is smaller, but much, much, much closer to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How were new kingdoms and powers formed, especially when they occupied the same mass of land | [
"Empires aren't held together by magic or some law of nature. An emperor has to make sure that their subjects are too content, too afraid, or too weak to rebel. That takes skill and luck and it's very easy to get it wrong."
] | [
"Well, leaving out Persia, India, and China, so this compares Italy, Egypt, and Greece to Germany, Britain, and central Africa? There were advantages in climate, but mostly, it was the fact that the sea facilitated long-distance communication and trade, and prompted the development of urban civilizations in a way t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What is the difference between carpets and rugs? | [
"Pretty much just that carpets generally cover an entire room and are otherwise affixed to the floor permanently, whereas a rug is generally smaller and is placed over a floor and not physically bound to the floor underneath with adhesive/tacks/etc like a carpet would be."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are there not parachutes for passengers on commercial flights? | [
"They would not be all that valuable. - Plane crashes are almost unheard of to begin with, so there is already virtually no need. - If there is a plane crash, it almost always happens during take off or landing, where a parachute will be of no help. - On the off chance that there is an issue mid-flight, the plane i... | [
"I heard on the news that the planes that are used for that weren’t close by enough unfortunately"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Colour Blindness - is it possible that your perception of colour is based on what you were taught ? | [
"Others have pointed out that the *names* of colors is indeed culturally defined, i.e. comes from what you were taught as a child. And there is a lot of evidence that ability to perceive different colors is related; cultures that distinguish between two fairly-similar shades are in fact able to visually distinguish... | [
"This is a good question! This is pretty much impossible to know or disprove because the colors we see is subjective to the processing of the brain. But yeah I guess it would be slightly different depending on age or other physical differences within the eye. Also we cannot describe the \"blue\" we see because ther... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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