query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why does intense hunger also cause intense nausea? | [
"There are two reasons why you feel nausea. 1. Low blood sugar will cause a dizziness. 2. There are specific hormones released when the body is expecting food which increase stress and causes nausea if we don't get food. Regardless, the worst effects will pass in a few hours unless you have diabetes and your bloo... | [
"A lot probably has to do with stress. Stress can lower a body's ability to fight of common illness. On top of that, severe stress can cause many of the same symptoms as illness - nausea/vomiting, fatigue, sleeplessness, even fever."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do policemen have to control traffic sometimes during rush hours, and why are traffic lights not enough? | [
"You might want to add which country/place you are asking about. Here in central Europe (more specifically Vienna) traffic lights are enough. They are controlled remotely through a computer system that is fed information from traffic cams and other sources and allows to adjust traffic lights remotely. They run on ... | [
"Traffic patterns are sparse in those flashing light areas at those times. It would be pointless to make people sit at a red light when there is no other traffic around. I wish more intersections would do that out where I live."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How do eye drops remove the redness from eyes? | [
"They contain substances like Tetrahydrozoline which is a so-called \"vasoconstrictor\", which basically means \"it shrinks blood vessels\". If you shrink a blood vessel, it contains less blood, and is thus less visible. Do that in your eyes, and it appears as if your eye is less red."
] | [
"2 reasons: 1. The active ingredients in weed cause the pressure in your eyes to drop (this is one of the reasons it's used to treat symptoms of Glaucoma). With the pressure drops, the small blood vessels in your eyes expand, making them more visible, and thus making your eyes appear more red. 2. Smoke can easily c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why only plants photosynthesize? | [
"Plant biologist here, u/SirButcher lays out good points regarding the trade offs required for efficient photosynthesis. & #x200B; However, another key point is that once an organism has photosynthesis evolution will push it toward a more sedentary plant-like lifestyle. An organism that acquires energy from sunlig... | [
"There are many vitamins with very different sources and therefore many ways to make them For example: vitamin K can be made by some bacteria that are chillin in the colon (the last segment of the intestines) Vitamin D is made in the skin. Our body makes cholesterol, changes it into a different form, with direct s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
If someone with memory issues takes a polygraph, would it be easier to lie? | [
"I was taken to the police station for a polygraph when I was an office manager 30+ years ago when money kept coming up missing. I was the one who reported it and I was told that everyone in the office would be required to take a polygraph. I didn't realize that because I was in my early 20s at the time, I was the... | [
"They couldn't prove you were lying. They could only look at the particulars of your case to determine if it is likely that you are lying or not. Things they may consider: brain recordings, psychological testing, past medical history/ current medications, events leading up to the amnesia and afterwards, whether or... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is it common to crave sugary drinks/food when hungover? | [
"Is that really common? I generally crave chicken noodle soup and vinegary things like pickles. Sometimes Chef Boyardi beef ravioli"
] | [
"A lot of times this has to do with vitamin deficiencies. If you are low on iron, you might crave spinach or meat. Low on sugar, might crave carbohydrates. Other times it is purely psychological, like wanting cookies because they're a comfort food."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do quartz watch movement system work ? | [
"The bit of physics that needs to be known here is something called the *piezoelectric effect,* where squeezing or deforming a crystalline material generates an electric field. Importantly, this effect works in reverse -- applying an electric field to a piezoelectric material results in a uniform mechanical strain.... | [
"the cost is too high, titanium weighs more, Titanium is also paramagnetic, which might cause issues with some electronic functions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:"
} |
Why does a microphone at a concert give little to no echo with massive speakers pointed at it, while my laptop gives echo from its own speaker? | [
"Because there is an audio technician Monitoring and preventing feedback. The equipment is also higher quality, and there is automatic processing tools that help such as noise gates and frequency filters."
] | [
"Generally one speaker is designed to sound good at very low energy, very close up; the other is designed to put out many times that amount of power, and if it started playing in your ear, it could damage your hearing. So they mount it separately, facing the other way. it's also used for speakerphone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Please explain why human libido can have such extreme highs and lows in a regular cycle? | [
"Well for ladies, your hormone levels vary depending where you're at in your menstural cycle, closer to ovulation = hornier. As far as men go, logic follows that it also has to do with varying levels of testosterone that fluctuate based on something like semen production im sure. But it also has to do with mood, if... | [
"In true ELI5 fashion; Changing of coats can be to a variety of things such as the lengnth of time the sun is out, temperature and diet. It varies species to species but it's usually down to hormonal changes caused by day length and temperature."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why dont people roll out of bed when sleeping? | [
"While you are asleep, your brain shuts off most motor control functions, to keep you from acting out your dreams - essentially paralyzing you, precisely so you don't roll around. When this mechanism fails, it can result in things like sleep walking. When this mechanism works even after you wake up, it can result i... | [
"Yeah this is intresting too. Its like they dont know how to set it up. However it is painful to be on such a event like this."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are washers (flat steel rings) used before fixing nuts and bolts? | [
"They are normally used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener, such as a bolt or nut. Other uses are as a spacer, spring (Belleville washer, wave washer), wear pad, preload indicating device, locking device, and to reduce vibration (rubber washer)."
] | [
"That rule only applies to standard threaded objects like screws, bolts, bottle/jar lids etc. Not twist ties and bread ties. They don't have threads they're just twisted around to keep something bundles and closed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does the body know that you're bleeding? | [
"When epidermal tissue is damaged, it exposes collagen (kind of the \"scaffolding\"). Platelets, which are circulating in the blood stream, attach to this collagen and it activates them to start the process of blood clotting. If you're bleeding a *lot*, there are \"sensor\" cells in a few key areas of your circulat... | [
"Your brain is telling your body to get something off of itself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do moving prosthetics work? | [
"The above poster is a little ahead of modern science. Someday they will tie directly into nerves, but currently electronic prostheses work differently. Every time you flex a muscle there are electrical currents generated in the muscle. You’ve probably seen an EKG trace for a heartbeat. What that’s actually showing... | [
"Memory consolidation for your brain and physical rest for skeletal muscle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Health and Wellness:"
} |
When someone is ordered by court to pay a fine, who gets that money? | [
"You'd have to read the case. If it's a fine, then the government gets it. If it's an award for damages, it would either be McDonalds or the worker. I don't know McD's policy, but most big companies will pay you a benefit if you're assaulted on the job, and then any legal awards would have to be determined by HR."
... | [
"The person who does not have custody of the child has to pay child support to the person that does. Usually the amount is based on how much they make."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are tomatoes fruits and not vegetables? What's the story behind it? | [
"They are both. Botanically, they are fruits -- seed-bearing structures created from the ovary of a flowering plant. More specifically, they are a berry -- a fleshy, stoneless fruit formed from a single ovary. The word vegetable doesn't have a use in science. Culinarily / [legally](_URL_0_), they are vegetables --... | [
"Just because something is made from vegetables doesn't automatically make it healthy. Heroin is made from vegetables."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are "degrees" of Blackbelt? | [
"I depends on a type of martial art but basically - colorful belts are \"student levels\" and black belts are \"master levels\". When you reach mastery in a given martial art you are no longer a student but you still can better yourself and gain higher levels of mastery."
] | [
"What do you mean by the 'earliest breeds'?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does adrenaline work? | [
"Adrenaline is a chemical that moves through your blood stream to your heart muscle cells. it can bind to receptors on these cells causing a chain reaction that results in the activation of proteins that break down glycogen into glucose and deactivation of proteins that make glycogen from glucose. Glycogen is how w... | [
"The \"best part\", is likely to stimulate your brain and body. Stimulation often causes hormonal reactions. Hormones like Adrenalin which is about a billion times more powerful than coffee."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Psychology:"
} |
What is the difference between effect and affect and how do you know when to use them correctly? | [
"Effect is a noun, and affect is a verb/adjective. So if it's *something* caused by something else, it is an *effect*. If something is being *modified or changed* by an effect, it is *affected*. Effects affect things."
] | [
"Affect as a verb means to have an effect on something. Affect as a noun means a feeling or emotion, especially in the fields of psychology or psychiatry. Effect as a noun means the result of something, or the consequence of something. Effect as a verb means to bring about or achieve something. > shocked to find t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I often see heavy machinery precariously placed on piles of dirt at construction sites .. who's job is it to make it safe? Do accidents happen frequently? | [
"Engineer here. The person running the project gives guidance to the people using the machines (site superintendent). About 90% of the time everything is safe if the machine operators listen to the guy in charge. It is his responsibility for a safe work site, so if something were to happen, the blame falls on him.... | [
"They are to mark surfaces that can move or are not stable enough to be stood on. Yes, professional mechanics know what they are doing, however they still need to be clearly marked. A mechanic can forget the exact spot that he shouldn't step. New mechanics who previously worked on different planes need to know. etc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why were animals and insects so much bigger millions of years ago, and why didn’t they maintain their size? | [
"Not sure if this holds for other things, but insects were only able to get that size because of the very high oxygen content of the air at the time. There's less oxygen in the air now, so they would suffocate at very large sizes."
] | [
"Pandas have only existed for about three million years, which is really really short for a species - they have plenty of time to become extinct and have been nothing more than an evolutionary curiosity. Crocodiles have existed for some 200 million years, though that's an unusually long time for a species to remain... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do judges sentence people for +100 years while they know they won't live for 100 years? | [
"Ok so if someone is convicted of 20 different charges and each one racks up 5 years and it turns out that 10 of the charges are overturned on appeal they still serves 50 years."
] | [
"If they are guilty of multiple homicides and one is overturned, the remaining sentences still stand. In some places, a life sentence can still mean parole after 25 years. It doesn't strictly mean \"you will remain in jail until you are no longer living.\" Someone who commits a double homicide who is then given bac... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Law and Justice:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Law and Justice:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Law and Justice:"
} |
How come the amount of urine you expel isn’t necessarily proportionate to how bad you have to pee? | [
"Your bladder stretches as urine enters it, in order to keep the internal pressure near-constant. As it stretches, neurons fire a message to your brain: \"The bladder is stretching more!\" As more and more of these messages get sent, your conscious brain perceives this as a need to urinate. This need is modulated b... | [
"If you’re dehydrated, you’re body is going to absorb water faster, because it needs it bad. There’s also hormones that control how much we pee or don’t pee, and it gets complicated from there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:"
} |
Why do paper cuts hurt more than any other type of cut? | [
"Paper cuts aren't actually a clean cut through your skin. If you take a look at a paper under a microscope, you will see ridges and not a smooth line. A knife will make a clean slice through your skin, whereas paper will cut through your skin like a serrated bread knife. Plus the paper will leave residue on your s... | [
"If it's hot enough to burn other parts of the body, it'll burn your mouth, too. In fact it'll probably burn your mouth easier than other parts of the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do wisdom teeth exist and why do they grow sideways? | [
"I can’t answer why they exist, but they don’t always grow in sideways. My stepfather still has all of his, they grew into his jaw with no problems. I think it has something to do with the size and shape of the individual jaw"
] | [
"In America we have good dentists. They are able to look at our teeth and tell us whether or not the teeth will be a problem in the future. If the teeth are going to be a problem anyway, why not remove them before they're an issue?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do prosthetics, including a glass eye, move with the body? | [
"I know glass eyes have a depression in the back that is fitted to a group of muscles so it twitches with the muscles that control both eyes."
] | [
"Prosthetic limbs are not connected to nerves, most function based on pressure and movements from the stub of the recipients limb. They are trying to develop prosthetics with feeling but as far as I have seen those work with some kind of brain implants."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Medicine:"
} |
The Statute if Limitations | [
"I think you mean \"Statute of limitations\". This is a legal term used to describe that after a specific amount of time after an offense, the culprit cannot be held legally liable or prosecuted for the said action."
] | [
"Because there is a Supreme Court Mandate on how to do a DUI Check point. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
If you drop your phone, is it less likely to break if you kick it forward with your foot? | [
"When a phone drops, all energy gets transferred at the moment the phone hits the floor. When a phone slides away because you kick it (more or less) horizontally, the time it takes to slow down is much longer and as such the damage will be less. Unless you kick it against the wall: The direction of the movement has... | [
"When landing from high distances, you want to land over the wheels. They are the sturdiest part. When stomping on the middle, you are able to break it without something below it. Like a table. If you jumped into the middle, chances are you could break it. If you were to jump right above one of the legs, it will no... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is “POC” (person of color) being used in the US today while “colored person” is historically regarded as very offensive? | [
"It’s a way to have more person-first language. In my school, I am encouraged to call one of my students “a student with autism” instead of my “autistic student.” It’s not the only feature that defines that person, it’s just one of the many that make them up."
] | [
"Because \"negro\" was used in a racist context after \"nigger\" fell out of use. It's not offensive in and of itself, but based on context it is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do plants like cactus know there are erbivors that eat them and they generate spines against them? | [
"plants don't know that herbivores eat them, its just that plants with spines successfully reproduced and survived millions of years ago and continue to do so"
] | [
"Its a defense mechanism. When its cells are destroyed it releases enzymes that break down amino acids. Its a chain reaction that creates organic compounds that contain sulfur, which smells bad and stimulates nerves in your eyes which causes them to sting. This stops most animals from trying to eat them. The onion ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Who sells internet domains and why do you have to buy them? | [
"Domains must be unique, you can't have more than one _URL_0_ . That means somebody has to keep track of who has which one, so you have to pay them. To avoid having them all used up and abandoned, you have to pay every year or so. These people are called registrars. You have to pay them, or somebody else has to pay... | [
"You can totally register a domain name independently. Go to a registrar with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and register the name you want. You pay around twenty dollars and get that registration for a year; you have to renew it if you want to keep it. Or, you can go to a website l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is the deodorant *can* always cold to the touch? | [
"The deodorant is propelled out of the can by a substance that is aptly named the propellant. That propellant is compressed inside the can (often into a liquid), and as deodorant is sprayed the propellant rapidly evaporates and expands to propel the substance it is spraying. This expansion and evaporation require h... | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The observable universe has a radius of 46 billion light years. The universe has existed for 13 billion years. How did this happen? | [
"This is because the universe has also been expanding for 13 billion years, at an accellerating rate. If someone 10 feet away from you throws a ball at you at 10ft/s, and they also move away from you at 10ft/s, then by the time the ball reaches you they will be 20 feet away. Same deal with light and distant galaxie... | [
"> We haven't yet observed all of the universe but we mean the whole universe when we say observable universe. No, we just mean the universe which can be observed in the sense of there having been time for light to have arrived to Earth. The universe as a whole is larger than that (from what we can see) but since l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Physics:"
} |
Why do companies forbid employees from talking about salaries/pay with each other? And why at some companies it’s even a fireable offense? | [
"There's an Adam Ruins Everything about it. Essentially its so companies can pay employees different wages for doing the same job."
] | [
"> My boss tells my coworkers and I all the time that he can fire us for any reason whenever he wants because we are an at-will state. He is (more or less) correct. There are some restrictions (he cannot fire you for your race as an example) but otherwise he can just fire you because he thinks your shoes are dumb. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does your phone speaker get louder when you cup it? | [
"Sound is vibration, it basically bounces all different angles. When you cup it off it bounces to your hand and goes to one direction. So instead of the speaker sending vibrations all over the place. It sends it all over the place but your hand makes the sound bounce back to onedirection making less vibrations head... | [
"If they're using speaker mode, both the mic and the sound from the other person are coming from the bottom of the phone. If it's not in speaker mode, either they're trying to speak directly into the mic so the other person can hear, or they're just weird."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
The difference between the degrees and the warm/cold settings on a split system air-conditioner. | [
"Warm=keeping room temp above set temp Cool=keeping room temp below set temp The temp you set the thermostat to isn't necessarily going to be the room temp, it's just the temp that activates the system."
] | [
"Basically it takes all the heat and throws it out of the room/refrigerator. This is why a refrigerator is warm on the back, as this is where the heat comes out. Same with the air conditions, The absence of heat results in cold."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why can't we reattach seperated Limbs? | [
"_URL_0_ You actually can, it just must be done in a very quick amount of time (the larger the limb, the less time you have to reattach it - talking hours). If it's refrigerated then that can slow the death of the tissue in the limb and buy a person more time. But basically once it's separated from the body, it sto... | [
"As a side question, why do some eraser suck?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how does a charger charge your phone for a split second after it was removed from the socket? | [
"Do you think because the icon shows charging that it is actually charging? Or the software just hasn't updated the screen yet?"
] | [
"Lazy ELI5 but. Laptops are designed to draw power straight from the cable so they are still usable without a battery. A Mobile phone only draws power from the battery so it needs power before it can power the device."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Is there a reason why it using more than two powerful graphics cards together doesn't have a drastic increase in gaming capabilities? For example, 4 2080Ti GPU's running together doesn't seem to give four times the gaming power. | [
"You are not running a program that efficiently utilizes the 4 GPU cards, they're like $1000 each. This is likely because very, very few people buy that configuration. The game is better optimized for typical hardware."
] | [
"If you have a current gen Macbook, you've got a 1.1 GHz M-5Y31 processor. A modern gaming PC would have a mid-to-good range Intel processor like an i5-4690K or i7-4790K, which are 8-11x as powerful. For graphics, you've got the integrated Intel HD-5300. A gaming graphics card like an R9 290x is around 17x as power... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does everything look blurry when we look underwater even though our eyes are normally wet anyway? | [
"Because the lens in the eye is designed to focus through lens = > water = > air layers. Without the air layer, the lens is incorrect because it depends on the curved water = > air boundary that not present when you're in water."
] | [
"Those floaters and circles are basically just some loose proteins in your eye. Being near-sighted means you can't focus well on distant objects, but those floaters aren't distant - they're inside your eye."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes humans not to instinctively swallow gum? | [
"I'm not sure I agree that there's instinct involved. When you're little and chewing gum for the first time, lots of kids wind up swallowing it. Not swallowing is learned, not instinctual."
] | [
"Mucus catches the dust, then you unconsciously swallow it to get rid of it"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
What does "Activated" mean in "Activated Carbon"? | [
"It's \"activated\" because it has a massively increased surface area where reactions can take place. Reactions will be much more **active**; therefore it has been **activated**."
] | [
"From a more general perspective, there's this great video by Tom Scott - _URL_1_ - Why Computers Suck At Translation And enjoy the similarly brilliant - _URL_0_ - Adjectival Order: Why A \"Big Red Balloon\", not a \"Red Big Balloon\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How did ancient Indians/ Greeks build sky high temples without use of a crane to lift heavy stone? | [
"They used cranes The Ancient Greeks were using cranes no later than 515 BC. Before that it would have been ramp systems and rollers which they removed after they were done with construction, but for most of the buildings you're likely thinking of they would have used winch and pulley crane systems. The Parthenon w... | [
"There's no real mystery. Archaeologists have known for a long time that the pyramids were built by professional laborers who cut rock by hand and lifted it into place with leverage. There is tons of evidence about this, including found tools, graves, hieroglyphs depicting it, the actual quarries where the rocks we... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is “herd immunity”? | [
"Disease spreads from person to person. If 99% of people are immune, it's very hard for it to spread. Sick people are around immune people and vulnerable people are around immune people. There is a low probability of a sick person around a vulnerable person, so the disease doesn't spread. This is what ends most epi... | [
"Let me answer that question with another question: what do you think \"lobbying\" is?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does lactose intolerance result in the symptoms it causes? | [
"Its because the undigested lactose sits in your gut and intestines and gets digested by bacteria instead of lactose enzymes. The bacteria digesting it create gas, giving you gas, bloating, cramps, etc."
] | [
"An allergy is an autoimmune response. Literally your immune system incorrectly acting as if something is an infection rather than food or a toxin or venom. An intolerance is the body being incapable of metabolising a substance because it lacks the chemicals to do so. Let's look at milk. Milk allergies are among th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do independent mathematicians make money? | [
"That's kind of the point, really. A mathematician's skillset is incredibly versatile, but the only pure math work you're generally going to get is either as a professor or as a researcher at a university that also expects you to be a professor. The thing is that math is all theory, and a career is generally about ... | [
"It costs money to edit and publish scientific journal articles. If they were all open for free to the public, how would publishers get that money?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are train tracks and wheels not build like gears? | [
"If they used gears on the tracks then there would be a lot of friction and a huge increase in how complicated things would be. Gears in a transmission or other applications often require a constant flow of lubricant. This is not possible on a track several thousand miles long."
] | [
"There are 2 types of gears and just to put it into layman's terms there are straight cut gears (the typical look of a gear when you think \"gear\") and diagonal gears. All other gears other than reverse are diagonal, reverse is straight cut. The whirring sound you hear is just the natural sound straight cut gears ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do animals/pets know what they can and can't eat? | [
"Wild animals might know what they can/can’t eat because of natural instincts and watching others. Pets, on the other hand, don’t know the difference between something good for them and something that will hurt them"
] | [
"I wonder if this goes back to the child instincts of \"If I can't see them, they can't see me\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do carbonated beverages give a "burning" sensation? | [
"Dissolving carbon dioxide in water and combining this with an enzyme in saliva produces a weak acid called “carbonic acid”. This acid is what gives things the slight burning sensation."
] | [
"Human beings sense the temperature of food with their mouths, not with their stomachs. If you have a sensation of heat in your stomach, what you are sensing is acidity, not temperature. Excess stomach acidity causes a burning sensation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the advantages of getting a PhD in nursing? | [
"PhDs are generally research based degrees. So you could work at a university researching nursing and lecturing nursing students. You could do a graduates degree in nurse practitioner. Some people also might not want to be doctors and then they begin their nursing career and enjoy research"
] | [
"Associates Degrees are typically 2-year degrees, whereas a Bachelor's Degree is a 4-year degree. Associates degrees typically have fewer prerequisites as well as non-major requirements. The one I'm most familiar with is nursing. I hold a 2-year Associates Degree in Nursing (ADN), but I had the option to go to a 4-... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are medical doctors allowed to charge their patients arbitrary cost for their service? | [
"Every profession can charge whatever they feel like. They just wouldn’t have any customers. Unfortunately, you don’t have much choice when it comes to doctors. You need their service no matter what it costs, and there are few alternative Doctors. You can’t just walk over to the next clinic as if you were looking f... | [
"The main difference being insurance and paying- In Canada your provincial health care covers most health care costs, in the US you need to pay separately for health insurance and can be billed for tens of thousands of dollars. In Canada we often run into health care budget shortages and long wait times, so it's no... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why did rotary phones exist before buttons? They look needlessly complicated. | [
"Basically it was a method of sending a signal on the line indicating who to call, before we had the technology available to use tones. Same as with any older tech. An old floppy disc has moving parts. An SSD doesnt. Most would say the SSD is more complicated though. Your iphone is more complicated than a rotary p... | [
"Have you never seen an analog clock before? Ever? The stopwatch was invented in the 1600s. Those were used before lasers and digital clocks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are men and women’s life expectancy different? | [
"One theory is testosterone. It is an anabolic steroid, meaning it builds muscle. So the good part is men have more muscle and other secondary characteristics but there is a bad part, steroids are bad for the immune system.That's why when you have an inflamation you can use steroid creams., now that cream will not... | [
"Why are noses different in size, why are people different heights, why do we have different hair colors?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:"
} |
5: If ice packs are absorbing heat to make the surrounding area colder, then why do they melt so slowly? | [
"It just has a really high specific heat. Specific head is amount of energy it takes to change temperature. Heat energy moves from things with higher temperature to lower. The cooling pack material has very high specific heat, so it can absorb lots and lots of energy relative to what it's cooling off. Different mat... | [
"Both of them are colder than your body temperature, and water is a better conductor of heat than air. Or in other words, it's better able to take body heat away from you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does your throat get scratchy when you clean your ears? | [
"You probably don't want to read this but your ears are connected to your throat via a canal called the [eustachian tube](_URL_0_). If your throat is getting scratchy when you clean your ears it's because you're dislodging gunk from your ears and it's going into your throat. Probably best to go to /r/eyebleach now ... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do crustaceans turn red when steam/boiled/cooked? | [
"The shells of crabs and lobsters contain a pigment called astaxanthin. This pigment absorbs blue light and causes a red slightly yellowish color. When the crab or lobster is alive, another pigment called crustacyanin wraps the astaxanthin and influences the light that gets absorbed, giving it a blue greenish color... | [
"If your hard boiled eggs smell, you overcooked them. Overcooked eggs smell sulfur. So cook them less."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
what is bankrupcy? Where does the debt go? | [
"Chapter 7, your creditors write off your debt, so it is effectively their loss. Chapter 11 or 13 requires you to make \"reasonable payments\" to your creditors for up to 5 years, in 13, if you can not pay off your debt in that time, the rest is written off. How many and what of your assets can be protected varies ... | [
"Pretty close to nothing at all. A countries debt it not the same as a family debt. Hint, use search. This is asked often."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does too much sleep cause headaches? | [
"You sleep in cycles of REMs. If you complete a cycle you feel good even if you only slept like 5 or 6 hour. If you wake up in the middle of a REM cycle you feel tired. sleeping too much can make you wake up before completing cycles because you have had enough sleep already. Also lying too down the whole night inhi... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does a single LED produce multiple colours? | [
"They don't. Each LED junction can only produce one wavelength, in fact, LEDs are famous for their narrow bandwidth. When we want a multicolour LED, what we do is embed a red, green, blue (and optionally white) LED junction on the same device very close to each other. By mixing the amount of these 3 colours, we can... | [
"Is it possible to get a better picture with a little more light?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do prisons/jails deal with fires? | [
"Prisons don’t usually have many soft furnishings, carpets or anything else that might catch fire, so it’s probably not that hard to manage it with a fire extinguisher."
] | [
"Prison sentences are intended to do a number of things: *Prevent the criminals from committing more crimes while they're in prison *Make the prisoner decide that they don't want to go back to jail when they get out *Make other people who are thinking about committing crimes decide not to because they don't want to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is diluted pupils a reason not to start/continue CPR? | [
"Fixed, dilated pupils is accepted to be indicative of brain death. Brain death is = to cardiac death in medicine. Its considered to be a *significant* clinical finding."
] | [
"As a 5 year old you should not be taking cocaine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why do prawns chips expand? | [
"They literally blow up like popcorn — it's the exact same mechanism! In both cases you have some amount of water in the crackers/kernels, and the cooking process boils the water and turns it into steam. The pressure from the steam forces the starches to expand."
] | [
"do they squirm when you squeeze them? if so yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Aside from having no major enemies, why does Canada not have a military as strong as the US? | [
"Because Canada does not benefit from that. Why do you think Canada *should* have the same size military as the US?"
] | [
"They are - or have been - involved in most of the same wars as the U.S. Further, if you'd had your countries virtually destroyed twice in the last hundred years, you might believe that it's important to maintain a strong military even in times of peace."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does car wax work? | [
"Waxes are basically oils. As you know, \"oil and water don't mix\". But \"why?\", you may ask. It comes down to the relative, electrical charge on each substance. Water is a \"polar\" substance which has distinctly +/- regions within the molecule due to the distribution of electrons. Oils, fats, waxes (lipids) are... | [
"That's exactly how car insurance works. Can you clarify your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If being dehydrated gives you a headache, why don’t we always wake up with a headache after 8 hours without water? | [
"To add to the above comments, our bodies aren’t running at full capacity when asleep. A lot of brain functions and therefore bodily functions shut down or perform at a percentage of their day time capacity, so less calories and water are consumed by the body. In contract, 8 hours at work without water would leave... | [
"Alcohol affects your pituitary gland's ability to balance the water inside your body, so you end up peeing out more liquid than you drank. Most of the awful effects of a hangover are due to this dehydration so do yourself a favor and drink a big glass of water before you go to bed on nights when you've gotten drun... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do streaming providers supply different content to different countries? Can't they just provide the same content to everyone? | [
"Different countries have different laws in regards to content shown, tv regulations and licensing rights. Netflix US has Arrested Development S5 but Netflix AUS doesn’t due to Foxtel having first airing rights. Some programs are banned from certain countries for religious reasons or what is portrayed culturally. ... | [
"Cor the Colbert Report and Daily Show, it is because the channel/site they are on in the US do not own foreign rights, or the rights for where you are. You need to go to your domestic licensor. Similar for Netflix. Rights for the US and your country are separate (an may be owned by a separate party), and Netflix h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What is the Pygmalion effect? | [
"This is shown in the book Pygmalion, or the film My Fair Lady, where a linguistics expert makes a bet with a friend that he could train any street urchin to fit into an upper class society and dinner party. He choses a flower seller called Eliza, and sets about teaching her to speak properly, act properly and know... | [
"Alternative title: \"Explain Like I'm 5 the experience of being 5.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why will a car not start with a bad ground wire? | [
"Electricity will not flow unless there is a path to complete the circuit. Cutting that circuit, on the positive or negative side, will give nowhere for the free electrons to flow. 5his is how light switches work, by breaking the circuit. In the case of a bad ground on a starter, a lot of power is needed to turn an... | [
"The jump start doesn't charge the battery, it just starts the car. When the car is running, it charges the battery."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do video ads always play instantly in HD, but the actual video after takes forever to load and looks crap? | [
"Often, ads and content are hosted on different servers, and may use different compression, and even different video players. It's hard to give an absolute reason as I dispute the premise that this is always the case. Figuring out why it's behaving this way is always going to be based on the specifics of how a part... | [
"DASH Playback is the name of the culprit. It stands for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP and they implemented it a while back. In English, that means rather than try and buffer the entire video for you, it breaks it down into bitesize chunks and only buffers the next chunk. In theory, this helps people with un... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
How do offshore bank accounts work? Why are they used for illegal money or criminal activity? | [
"Because they avoid the local regulations that might easily track where the money came from and who it is going to. Large movements of money say between the USA and Columbia might attract the attention of authorities suspecting that it might be drugs related. However if the money is moved from the USA to the Cayman... | [
"Taking money made by illegal means, and making it look like it comes from a legal source, in order to avoid suspicion from authorities."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why aren’t hysterectomies, or other uterine surgical procedures done under local anesthesia (epidural) like C-sections? | [
"Hysterectomies are an invasive surgical procedure involving the total removal of a significantly sized organ. You can't use local anaesthesia for it. Local anaesthesia only works at the extremely direct point of contact the local anaesthetic makes, so anything aside from a thin incision is going to cause extreme a... | [
"It depends on how you define dangerous. Like all major surgeries, it carries risks, but it's not necessarily any more dangerous than any other surgery, In fact, liposuction isn't considered a high-risk surgery, even among elective surgeries. Risks include bad reaction to the anesthesia, fat embolism, bleeding, and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do we know that life can form only on a planet like Earth? How do we know that species cannot exist on other planets that don't need water and oxigen but other elements? | [
"I'm no scientist, but i believe that we don't, we just know this is the only way carbon based life forms exist. As soon as we see evidence of non-carbon based lifeforms, our whole mission will change."
] | [
"Highly unlikely. We didn't just spontaneously appear here as people, monkeys, fish, or any type of multicellular organism at all. We grew out of this mess that's around us now and every germ that lives here on Earth did too. Our defense mechanisms know of those threats and those threats survive by avoiding our de... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
how can one speaker produce multiple sounds at the same time? | [
"The sound your ears hear and the brain processes is always a combined waveform of many sounds all at different frequencies and pitch. The brain the processes them and can pick out timbre, pitch, and volume and deconstruct them so you can pick out the violin or trumpet from an orchestra separately. A speaker is ... | [
"Sound is a frequency, how many times something happens in a second. If you make the same number of that something happen in less than a second, it gets a higher frequency. Higher frequency = higher pitch"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do some birds flying together change direction simultaneously? | [
"I typed your post title into google and found [this article](_URL_0_) that offers a possible explanation: According to Wayne Potts, a zoologist who published in the journal Nature in 1984, birds in flocks are able to change direction quickly not just because they are following a leader, or their neighbors, but bec... | [
"There is no leader. Basically when one fish moves, the surrounding fish move with it, which causes the fish surrounding them to move etc. etc. until the entire school changes direction. They don't communicate, and they instinctively group together because the ones that don't have the instinct get eaten and thus do... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why is it that if the soil is too dry, it will burst open | [
"Water has volume. Water in soil adds to the volume of the soil. As soil dries, the water is no longer within it. Reduced volume means the soil contracts. This causes cracks."
] | [
"It grows like it would any other place, with a dark and damp environment generally. Make sure to fully dry your ass and toes ladies and gents. As for why it is simple, you have what it craves."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can natural gas companys shut off gas remotly but then has to send out a person to turn it on? | [
"Every time I've had gas turned on (only been when moving) they've had to have the person come out to make sure things like the oven and water heater weren't leaking gas , and made sure I had all my pilot lights lit before leaving. Turning the gas on remotely could cause a gas leak in your house because none of you... | [
"I work for an electric company and currently we are installing Smart Meters on everybodys house. These meters will be somehow read 48 times a day (every half hour) and people who have the smart meters will be able to check their usage when ever they want through a website given by their power supplier, and yes the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are so many of us compelled to make a vocal "ahhh" after drinking a refreshing glass of water? | [
"You hold your breath in for a good bit when you go for a long few gulps of water. When you're done your body exhales naturally. Sometimes it's forceful enough to work your vocal cords."
] | [
"This is not an informed response but I get a burst of energy about an hour after drinking too much orange juice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How is a heart transplant possible ? | [
"Their blood is \"re-routed\" through an external pump while the hearts are being swapped out. Your heart is basically just a pump. As long as \"something\" is pushing the blood through the other vital organs you can live without it (for a while anyway)"
] | [
"> If a patient only suffers the failure of one kidney, why are they in need of a donor They don't. That would make no sense. You only need a new kidney if both of your kidneys don't function correctly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can’t we feel the sun burning our skin until after it has left a mark? | [
"Because a sun burn is caused by Ultraviolet radiation The radiation doesnt actually “burn” the skin, so much as damage the DNA inside of each cell. It takes the cells some time to realize their DNA is damaged (usually at the point of replication) at which point they enter a cell suicide to prevent the damaged DNA ... | [
"The warmth comes from the sun. The longer the time with no sun, the cooler it gets. Right before sunrise is the longest period of time without the sun."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The universe is made up of atoms which are made out of subatomic particles which are in turn made up of quarks. Do we know if this daisy chain stops, or, like a true five-year old, will be always be asking “and then what?” | [
"We are pushing against an 'edge' beyond which the notion of particles stops making sense: The amount of detail that the universe allows at the small scale. Look up 'the Planck Length'. The ELI5 version is that we are trying to zoom in and we're getting pixels."
] | [
"Nobody knows. Some think God. Some think a vacuum. Some think energy. Some think a previous universe. Some think a master universe. It's literally impossible to know because everything we know about the universe breaks down the closer you get to the beginning, including time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What the hell is an SSAE-18? | [
"Statement on Standard for Attestation Engagements. And it's the 18th version. It is used to establish requirements and provide guidance to auditors for reporting on examination, review and agreed-upon procedures engagements. Essentially it level sets so everyone agrees on how things are being measured or audited.... | [
"Technically possible. Cost effective? Not according to the bean counters at MSFT & Sony."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why does everything have a blue hue after you close you're eyes for a few minutes? | [
"Our colour vision is based on three kinds of cone cells in our retina, that detect red, green, and blue separately. When you close your eyes in a light room, a small amount of light passes through the eyelids, which is tinted red by the blood. Cone cells, like other sensory cells, get 'tired' - think of how you sl... | [
"Multiplexing, the lights are actually flashing very fast. I swear this exact question was on here a month or two ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are black objects hotter than non-black ones when exposed to Sun? | [
"A black object absorbs all wavelengths of light and converts them into heat, so the object gets warm. A white object reflects all wavelengths of light, so the light is not converted into heat and the temperature of the object does not increase noticeably."
] | [
"Yes it does. There are three main ways to transfer heat in or out of an object: 1) Conduction - Transfer of heat from a hot object to a cold object via physical contact. 2) Convection - Transfer of heat from your object to a moving fluid (i.e. air) that then goes somewhere else and transfers heat to another, coole... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that coffee sometimes makes me feel amazingly energetic and cognitively primed and other times it doesn’t seem to help with anything at all? | [
"It stops working because you burn out the adenosine receptors. Stop all caffeine consumption for two or three days and allow your brain to fix the receptors and clean up the extra neurotransmitter. You'll get that good feeling back again."
] | [
"From what I've witnessed, it just knocks you out. Makes you lethargic, sleep for hours, a bit disoriented when you wake up, sluggish, etc. One of my friends who is psychologically healthy took an antipsychotic because he thought it might help him sleep. It did, but not in a healthy, restful way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If exercise and stimulant drugs (caffiene,Ritalin,cocaine,etc) can both raise your heart rate then why is an elevated heart rate during exercise considered good for your heart while elevated heart rate due to the effects of stimulants is bad for it? | [
"The elevated heart rate during exercise is \"controlled\" so to speak. Exercise increases oxygen demand and creates a very predictable rise and fall in HR based on your bodies needs. The elevated heart rate due to drug intoxication (cocaine and Ritalin in particular) is not controlled- your heart rate could becom... | [
"Arrhythmia, PVCs and heart flutters is not harmful if it ends in a minute or less, it's extremely common in anxious people with anxiety disorders, panic attacks, etc. It happens after a meal or during cardio as well. Most common cause is adrenaline excess and happens less if stimulant(caffeine, nicotine) and sugar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What makes typos like "it's" in place of its so common? | [
"It's not truly a \"typo\". A typo is when you try to type one thing, and mistakenly type another. Sometimes the two \"its\" can be a typo in that it is caused by autocorrect. But the main reasons are (a) many people don't seem to remember that possessive its needs no apostrophe, and (b) a lot of people simpl... | [
"In proper English, no - the word 'it' makes the sentence incorrect (plus some lack of punctuation). But an English reader can easily make sense of it if the goal is to make it rhyme and fit a certain rhythm. 'Someone's job must be to go around these places and lace the plumbing with LSD' would be the grammaticall... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does milk help you with spicy foods? | [
"Many spicy foods contain capsaicin, which is where the sensation of heat comes from. Milkfat contains casein, which binds with capsaicin and basically isolates it and washes it away down your throat. Think of it like the milk is surrounding the spicy bits with a protective bubble that keeps your taste buds from in... | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do certain foods taste bad when we are young, but then become an indulgence as we get older? | [
"Depends on the food. Our ability to taste bitter flavours reduces as we get older, so things like coffee, dark chocolate, olives, alcohol and so on become more palatable. Sometimes it's just a matter of repetition - an 'acquired taste'."
] | [
"These are my observations. It might be different for different people, and for different foods or beverages, but in general you can just get used to anything. Sometimes it also just takes a little while to get over the initial shock of an exotic taste that might be unpalatable or even painful, like in very sour or... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are people suddenly focused on automation replacing jobs? | [
"If you’re aware of the spinning Jenny you must surely be aware of Luddites. The fear of automation replacing workers never went away."
] | [
"Making a standard and getting people on it costs money. And there's no profit for doing it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are exchange rates determined? | [
"People say the exchange rate is set by 'supply and demand', however that sometimes makes it sound like someone is analyzing the supply vs. the demand and then setting the price based on that. This is not what happens. The price is actually set by a continuous auction. Imagine a line of buyers and a line of seller... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What stops flesh from rotting on a living thing? | [
"Mostly a combination of the immune system fighting off the things that would cause it and our body constantly replacing dead cells, I believe. Rot doesn't just happen - bacteria and the like eat flesh, which is a large part of what breaks it down, and our bodies are generally pretty good at keeping that sort of mi... | [
"To stop them from decomposing, for example to stall for embalming or maybe evidence. A human body isn't exactly pleasant after lying around at room temperature for a while, trust me."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does credit and credit busing work? If I just buy a bunch of small things and pay them off would I get instant good credit? | [
"Short answer: Yes Your credit score is a measure of how much credit companies and other places that lend money think you will pay back money that you owe. Let’s say you have two people in front of you, they both want to borrow $100 One person is a complete mystery to you. You know nothing about them. They came in ... | [
"Its a quick at a glance number to tell companies how reliable you are at paying your credit dept. If you want to take out a big loan, say for a house or a car the better your credit score the more willing the bank will be to give you a fair deal. A credit card is the tool to build your credit score, pay your bill... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Finance:"
} |
Immediately after a press conference when the person in question is walking away, why do reporters start yelling as many questions as they can at once? This seems to never be effective, and the one being interviewed usually always walks away. | [
"Their goal isn’t necessarily to get the question answered, but to be heard asking it. This can allow the reporter to try to get the last word on the interaction and in some cases frame the follow up story. The image of the interviewee walking away from uncomfortable questions is the video that can be repeated to s... | [
"If the audience is busy laughing, a good comedian will repeat the sentence they were busy laughing at so the audience has a chance to refocus and not miss the end of that sentence or the beginning of the enxy. I've seen some bad comedians that just can't read their audience and they keep going through their routin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is the area of a circle πr² ??? | [
"There are a few cool ways to see this in several levels of explanation, so I’ll just give a few neat ones: One way to think about it is to divide the circle to a lot of small slices, like a pie. Every slice is almost like a tiny tiny narrow triangle. The surface of a triangle can be calculated by the height times ... | [
"The surface area is actually only 28% of Earth's. The forumula for the surface area of a sphere is 4 * pi * r². So if r = .53, r² = .28"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do only human breasts grow this large? No other mammal seems to have this despite also breastfeeding their children | [
"To make it short: we don‘t know. There are some theories that reach from sexual selection to attractiveness theories up to random mutation during our species was formed. All of them have points that speak for and against them."
] | [
"In mammals nipples form before gender is determined in fetal development. So both genders get nipples but only the females get fully formed breast which can feed an infant."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do astronauts communicate with the planet Earth? | [
"The main way is by radio, in the S-Band and the Ku-Band. These are bands of frequencies that can be used to communicate, the S Band is typically used for Radar and things, but also includes Wi-Fi and microwaves, and the Ku Band is used for satellites (like the ISS!). A few dozen ground stations around the earth ca... | [
"Truthfully, we don't really know, that is part of the mission of the International Space Station. To monitor the effects long periods of weightlessness have on the human body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does mint flavor feel cold? | [
"Same reason peppers feel hot... the nerves that are fired by the flavor confuse the brain because the chemical reaction in the tongue/mouth nerves is near-identical to the one triggered by temperature."
] | [
"The taste of sour is basically formed by your taste buds reacting to a low PH. But because Low PH means what's in your mouth is a form of acid, it can also eat away at the soft, delicate bits of your tongue, making your mouth feel raw or sore. It also depends on your personal sensitivity level and how long the sou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does squinting help you read things far away? | [
"Squinting allows you to limit the amount of light that enters your eyes. It operates similarly to a pinhole camera. If you limit the direction light can travel from and still reach the retina, then it will focus at the expense of brightness. The same principle works if you make a small hole with a finger, and look... | [
"Do you have corrected vision? And if not can you focus on other small things near your face without getting a headache?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why some countries try to ban nuclear energy, while others see that as the future? | [
"Because of its potential. It could be an extremely clean (relatively) and abundant source of energy. However, people either fear it being turned into weapons or are afraid of another Chernobyl."
] | [
"> Are there no other feasible energy option to supplant coal at this time? Nope. Fossil fuels are the only fuel capable of supporting the bulk of our energy needs and the choices truly are to either keep burning them or not perform many of the tasks which make modern life possible. That may be changing but as much... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do commercials for prescription medications exist? | [
"US resident physician here. I sometimes see ads for drugs I haven't heard of, and I will google them to see how they work. That ad effectively just made a potential prescriber to look up their product. It might be that a patient comes in asking about the drug, and I say \"I'm not very familiar with this drug, but ... | [
"You can't flat out lie in commercials either. Its called false advertising."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Do the smallest subatomic particles that make up everything else contain mass? If so, where does this mass come from, surely it can't just exist? And if not, sure the no mass would continue so everything would just be "energy"(?) rather than solid? | [
"Some small particles have no mass, like photons. Others, like electrons and quarks, have mass. The mass \"came from\" energy that condensed into matter, like e=mC^2 . This isn't \"condense\" in the gas to liquid sense of the term, it's a thermal concept from when the Big Bang cooled a little."
] | [
"It's the space that's expanding, not the matter in it. We aren't getting new matter, there's just more space for it to be in. Also, matter can be created from energy and \"destroyed\" back into energy. It's the amount of energy in the system that can't change, not the amount of mass."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about science:"
} |
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