query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why is it prudent to change your smoke detector batteries when the clocks change instead of when there's a low battery alarm? | [
"Well for one thing, at 2am when the low battery alarm goes off, it's a complete pain in the ass. It's also best to make sure to do it proactively in case the alarm fails. A better question would be why don't we make all smoke alarms with 10 year rated rechargeable batteries?"
] | [
"Thermocycling affects the life of the filament in bulbs. Every time you turn on and off a bulb the energy pushed through the filaments weakens it. If you have a bulb that always stays on and a bulb that you turn on and off every day, the bulb that always remains on will last much longer. I have bulbs that I never ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Electrical engineering:"
} |
the Fibonacci sequence. | [
"It was a fun math gimmick. The next number is found by adding up the two numbers before it. 0+1=**1**, 1+**1**=2, 1+2=**3**, 2+**3**=5, 3+5=8, etc... If you plot it out as areas of a square, it makes a [neat spiral](_URL_3_). Then folks started realizing that spiral shows up all over the place [in nature](_URL_1_... | [
"Same difference between color and colour. Continent-based spelling differences."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do we use cold air, for sterile environments, while we use hot water to clean our hands and boil outside water to kill bacteria? | [
"The hot water and soap is to get rid of the germs on their skin. The cold air is to reduce the growth of germs and bacteria. It will also cool the skin of the patient which makes the blood vessels contract and less bleeding where you cut them."
] | [
"No it's not enough dish washers use hot water below boiling and chemical detergents. To get something truly sterilized you need to use a special device called and Autoclave it uses pressure and temperatures (121+°C) to completely sterilize (medical metal) things. However sterilization is the old way of thinking a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Chemistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Chemistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Does the co-pilot have any control over the plane? | [
"He has as much physical control as the pilot does. There are two sets of controls, one in the left seat (pilot), one in the right seat (co-pilot). Authority wise, he is not the commander of the aircraft, either legally or in corporate structure, but he can certainly physically control the airplane from his seat."
... | [
"Aircraft Maintenance here. It does not mess with the navigation equipment at all, despite what they tell you. It is mostly to prevent distractions with the crew during crucial periods of flight for individuals who don't have the courtesy to put it on silent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
How does the Earth's core stay hot? | [
"Technically, it isn't staying hot. It is cooling down. The Earth radiates heat constantly, it's just that it takes literally billions of years for a hot ball of molten rock to cool down completely. There's one small nuance, and that is additional heat is contributed through radioactive decay happening inside the p... | [
"Because Jupiter is spinning and heated by both its internal heat and the Sun. It's essentially the same thing that drives the weather here on Earth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do voices change their pitch when they’re sped up or slowed down | [
"Because pitch is the frequency of the sound waves. High pitch is high frequency sound, so if you take a given number of vibrations and compress them into a shorter period of time... they are more frequent and therefore of higher pitch."
] | [
"After sleep, your vocal chords are relaxed. This makes your voice deeper. Think of a guitar, if you loosen the strings the pitch becomes lower. It's kind of the same thing with your vocal chords."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why do football teams rely so heavily on Special Teams? | [
"Some of the starts are on special teams but not many. I believe it’s because the team would rather not risk a starter getting hurt or tired on special teams. They have 53 man roster and only need 22 starters, why risk it?"
] | [
"Let's say the ranking are as follows: Sports team A - 12 points Sports team B - 10 points Sports team C - 8 points If each win gives you 3 points, as it does in Association Football (idk how it works in American Football), then Sports Team B winning means they would pass Sports Team A in the rankings, that's why a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Does my car get better gas mileage on the first half tank than on the lot half tank, or does it just seem that way? And why? | [
"How full the tank is shouldn't matter at all to your mileage. It's likely your tank is just narrower towards the bottom, which makes the fuel gauge drop faster."
] | [
"Diesel is more expensive, the gap in fuel efficiencies are closing (I can get a 40 or 50 mpg gasoline car, who cares about diesel, then?), and diesels don't handle stop and go driving like gas cars do. It's that last one that disqualifies diesels for me; Diesels are built with looser tolerances and take time to ge... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What makes the audible hum in electric boxes? | [
"The high current passing through the conductors causes them to vibrate. In large buildings they use metal plates as conductors rather than wires and they are taped together with plastic in between to absorb/dampen the vibrations."
] | [
"Not any sort of expert but I wonder if it has to do with the pitch produced?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are those crazy patterns I see in glass when wearing polarized sunglasses? | [
"Stresses in the glass. As I recall, mechanical stresses in the glass cause changes in the optical qualities you can see with polarized light. Some car windows have really interesting patterns"
] | [
"They help keep sweat and moisture from going directly into your eyes. I wonder if they help with glare from the sun as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
so fractional reserve banks loan money into existence that was loaned into existence to them, for a cheaper rate. So the interest that the banks earn on loans they make to business/consumer is money out of thin air on money that was created out of thin air? | [
"In short, yes. The interest on the main loan is how much the initial lender charges to borrow. The secondary lender then splits it up charges customers to borrow smaller amounts of that money at a profitable rate. So the initial loan actually ends up being “worth” more than the face value. Thats how money is “ma... | [
"It depends on how that money is used. You could actually argue that most of the money in the economy now is counterfit, seeing as most it was created out of thin air by banks via loan interest."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can people only buy health insurance in the U.S. during an enrollment period? | [
"It's to discourage people from waiting until they need health insurance to enroll in plan. Basically the same idea of the shared responsibility penalty that was recently nerfed: those who don't pay into the system when they are healthy often create a larger burden on the system when something does happen to them."... | [
"If you want to get coverage for 2016, the exchange should be open til December 10. The cost of coverage really depends on how much subsidies you're eligible for."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do clocks sound like "tick tock" instead of "tick tick" or "tock tock"? | [
"On pendulum clocks one direction of the swing moves the gear forward, while the other direction of the swing hooks the tooth of the next gear, so the even and odd clicks usually have a different tone."
] | [
"Let's talk about the literal meaning of the words first: \"Iambic\" means to 'have feet' (or, in the case of poetry, rhythm/beat). \"Pentameter\" means 'in measures of 5'. So put them together and you get: \"Measures with 5 feet\". You can think of a 'foot' a bit like a heartbeat: ba-BOM, ba-BOM, ba-BOM, etc. Ther... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it known now that dinosaurs were covered in feathers? | [
"Fossils have quill holes like birds. When an archaeologist says feathers dont think peacock feathers or parrot feathers they were probably more like baby bird feathers. Also, not all dinosaurs were covered in feathers mostly the bird like dinos such as tyrannosaurs and Raptors. I should also say that it's not 'kno... | [
"No, dinosaurs aren't just extinct animals. In fact, not all dinosaurs are even extinct. For instance, modern birds are technically classified as therapod dinosaurs. But you are correct in saying that they are all different species. The word dinosaur includes a wide variety of species that all have some characteris... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What the heck is a synthesis essay? | [
"Either explain a topic using multiple sources as evidence, or make an argument using multiple sources as evidence. For example: **Argument:** The second Golden Age of Television has been dominated by the dramatic male anti-hero. **Sources:** Examples include the Sopranos, Mad Men, Breaking Bad, Dexter, Sons of Ana... | [
"What the heck is a parcel pick up?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how is it that the Suicide rate in developed countries is much higher than in developing countries Even though the later have way worse living conditions | [
"I think people in developed countries have a lot more time on their hands in a lot more time to worry about things that really don't matter. Whereas people in developing countries are worried about where their next meal is coming from not their Facebook status"
] | [
"Heavily debated (sometimes by less than reputable people) but the general consensus is no, it has more to do with the fact that the majority of black people and Arabs live in poor regions of the world with sub-par education which leads to lower average intelligence from a global point of view."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can people use Social Security Number to get information about you? | [
"This is very googleable. Yes, there is a database. There is your credit record that determines how likely you are to pay back debts. It's also used for personal identity."
] | [
"Is it legal? Yes. Is it smart? Double Yes. Why? Because no one can say they paid their rent without having proof."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about cybersecurity:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about cybersecurity:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When people choke people out for self defense, how do they just knock them out and not kill them? This may sound stupid, but I’m just curious since it’s a popular self defense move and a popular movie “take down” for the silent kill. | [
"First you need to make sure you're performing a blood choke (i.e., cutting off their carotid arteries) as opposed to blocking their wind pipe. The latter takes a long time and will cause them to enter a fight or flight state, plus you can damage their windpipe. A blood choke can take as little as a few seconds for... | [
"Well MMA has rules to their fights, like you cant gouge eyes, hit the groin, and no small joint manipulation (like trying to break a finger or toe). You are fighting to knock your opponent out or win by scoring more points. A street fight is often for life and death, there are no rules, you do what it takes to win... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did the Senate Majority Leader come to wield as much power as they do now? | [
"The Senate Majority Leader isn't an official Constitutional position. It's different from Speaker of the House, President of the Senate, or President Pro Tempore, which are all official Constitutional positions. Instead, the Senate Majority Leader is an unofficial party position that gets its power from the suppor... | [
"The US Supreme Court has ruled that the constitution gives every same-sex couple the right to marry, no matter what state they live in. There are only two things that could overturn that decision. The first is a constitutional amendment. The second is a new Supreme Court decision where the justices change their mi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the senate majority leader, and how does someone get that position? | [
"The Senate Majority Leader is a Senator elected by the majority party in the Senate to be their leader. The Majority Leader schedules business on the floor by calling bills from the calendar and keeps members of his party advised about the daily legislative program. In consultation with the minority leader, the ma... | [
"The House can impeach the president. Bills of revenue and spending must originate in the house (there’s a technical workaround but by the constitution they have to start in the house). If there’s a tie for the presidency, the house gets to decide who is the president. The speaker is third in line of succession to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why Shouldn't You Pop Pimples? | [
"Short answer. Infection. Linger answer. Pimples typically are caused by an infection of the pores. This causes the pores to become inflamed and fill with puss. You don't want to pop it for two reasons. First, before the pimple pops out and it pop in, meaning all that puss and infection can enter the blood stream,... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is the blood brain barrier? Why does it matter (particularly in reference to drugs/chemicals)? | [
"Its like a bodyguard for your brain. It only lets very small molecules and certain larger one through that follow the \"dress code\" of the club. This prevent a bad guys (toxins) from going in and hurting people (destroying neurons). If they let people in that weren't directly toxic but still didnt fit in, the peo... | [
"Your cells have cannibinoid receptors (CB1 & CB2) which are activated by THC and other cannibinoids. When activated these receptors signal the cell to produce a protein called TRIB3. TRIB3 is known to stimulate the TNF (tumour necrosis factor) pathway, although the exact mechanism is unknown. The TNF pathway start... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does food "contaminate" plastic? | [
"Let's say you have two tons of virgin plastic pellets at your factory. You are going to melt them down and mold them into 1 million dollars worth of Tupperware. Right before they go into the melting oven a disgruntled employee takes a massive shit into the pellets. Do you continue with the molding process or do yo... | [
"1) Plastic is cheaper than glass. Plastic is also much more durable. 2) The substances stored in plastic are known not to react with the plastic bottles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does spilling bleach on black fabric cause it to turn an orange color instead of white? | [
"Black fabric dye is really a combination of multiple other dyes in high concentration. It's like when you mix dark blue, red, and green paint, you get a very dark muddy brown color. Do this with thick enough pigments and it turns black. Bleach makes the pigments fade away differently. Just a little bleach will mak... | [
"Why bleach turns colors white: The most common kind of bleach, chlorine bleach contains sodium hypochlorite. When you wash clothes with say, ketchup on it, the sodium hypochlorite *oxidizes* the ketchup. This changes the chemical composition of the stain into one which still has color, *but* it's color is outside ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is packaged food able to stay fresh for years, but goes stale within a day of being open and exposed? | [
"When its sealed it may be sterilized or the air pulled out, so there is no bacteria. There's different methods but basically you are creating an environment that is not good for bacterial growth. When you open the container, it is now exposed to bacteria in the air or whatever's around it"
] | [
"Unless you are about to go into septic shock your blood is sterile; the needle that goes into your arm is sterile; the collection bag is sterile and sealed. Food, on the other hand, is sterilized when you cook it, but unless you seal it in a sterilized container bacteria will find a way to get in there. That is wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Food storage:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Food storage:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When you shut an engine off, why does the combustion process stop instantly? | [
"If it's a petrol/gasoline engine, then it's because there is no longer a spark being delivered to the cylinders where the fuel/air mix is burned. In these engines, compression is not enough to light the mixture, and once the ignition switch is off, the spark plugs no longer spark. (Different for diesel engines.)"
... | [
"If you have some petrol in your car and put diesel in it, it will start but smoke heavily through the exhaust. Damage will not be great to the engine though. However, if you fill in an empty tank of a petrol car with diesel fuel it will never start. If you've ever compared gasoline to diesel fuel, you know that th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do you pee on a jelly fish sting? What is the reason behind this/ would this actually work? | [
"You don't. Your pee contains urea which could help with removing the tentacles if it was in a high enough concentration but it isn't high enough in human urine and you're likely to actually do more damage than good."
] | [
"I know what youre talking about, and its not an allergic reaction. Not sure why, but maybe your body thinks you ingested a poison and is trying to sweat it out? Source: my imagination"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Biology:"
} |
How does a record player take a single groove on a record and turn it into separate left and right channels? | [
"The groove is arranged like a V with a left and right wall. Each wall has a separate set of bumps and valleys on it, and the needle that rides in it has a sensor for the movement along each wall (something like a 45 degree angle). Left and right channels are encoded on the two walls of the groove."
] | [
"Sound waves are vibrations. Those vibrations are etched into tracks in the vinyl record. Then when you put a needle into that track and spin the record, the vibrations are transferred into the needle. Just amplify that needle with even a piece of printer paper rolled into a cone and you've got sound!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does exercise help anxiety/depression? | [
"There are a few reasons! On a purely physical level, exercise increases blood flow to the brain, which influences the hypothalamus, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland. These glands produce hormones, and increased blood flow changes how we react to stress. There are also several psychological factors. First of all... | [
"> How is the charge of ions in the air supposed to affect someone’s mood, specifically in the case of Seasonal Affective Disorder or Major Depressive Disorder? They don't have any effect."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What happens in the digestive system when someone with celiac disease/gluten intolerance ingests gluten? | [
"The body has an immune response that damages parts of the small intestine called villi. Villi are small finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine. When they shrink, there is less surface area in the intestine, which means fewer nutrients are absorbed from the food. Depending on ... | [
"Perhaps it is the same reason non-celiac gluten-intolerant have adverse reactions to wheat after eating it their whole lives."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is insider trading? I know what money laundering and fraud are, but not really IT | [
"Buying or selling stock based on information that is, not available to the public. For example, say I work at a company that found a cure for cancer. And nobody knows that or that my company plans to sell if for $1 million per person. So I go out and buy a bunch of stock before it is announced. Or. Say I know t... | [
"> From what I understand it's being tipped off on the stock Pretty much - Insider trading is exactly what it sounds like - using inside information (information that the general population doesn't know about) for your own advantage. > Why is it bad to get rid of stocks if you know a company is not doing well? I f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When we have injuries and get salt/salt water in them, it burns. Is it known if marine animals have the same issue? | [
"So, this happens because of [tonicity.](_URL_0_) Your cells are filled with water that has about 0.9% salt. Water tends to flow towards salt. If your cells are exposed to water that has more salt than this, water will flow out of your cells into the saltier water. This causes cells to die, and thus pain. Saltwater... | [
"That would be water entering your nose, and since the salinity of the water doesn't match that of your body it burns. Or is burning not the feeling you mean?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Where did the first STDs come from how when did we know about them? | [
"I imagine they start as any other bacteria or virus and mutate over time and have found to be able to infect humans same as any other disease but has just found its easiest method of transmission is through body fluids"
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do people who wing glide manage to do so while being parallel to the ground? | [
"You mean in wing suits? These only work on steep downhill runs. They are not able to fly parallel to level ground for more than a moment."
] | [
"Only if you use a method to prevent your body rotating randomly — you'll be encountering a lot of wind, and falling for a long time. Like a skydiver, this means you'll be able to control your orientation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why does drinking whiskey help a cough? | [
"Alcohol is a nervous system depressant and getting drunk reduces the impulse to cough. It also reduces sensations of pain."
] | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are a lot of old games (Halo, WoW Classic, etc.) starting to re surge and be re released after 10+ years from when they were made? | [
"Nostalgia tends to work on a decade cycle. There's a grown up now who remembers playing Halo, etc as a kid. That grown up now has free money he can spend however he wants. So he remembers having fun as a kid, and the companies give him the same thing he played as a kid just updated. So the grown up has fun, an... | [
"Some games come to PC first and to consoles later (Diablo 3). Some games come to consoles first and PC later because the developers want to optimize the game more or add new features (GTA 5). Some games come to PC later because Sony and/or Microsoft will pay a developer to wait so that the first release of the gam... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the pump at the gas station knows when my tank is full ? | [
"If you ever look inside the nozzle, you will see a tiny tube inside of it. As the nozzle dispenses fuel, the tube sucks in air. The moment that tube's airflow gets cut off (either by splashback or by the fuel level rising to the nozzle), it triggers a valve inside the handle that cuts off the delivery. That's how ... | [
"The nozzle has a small valve that detects when your gas tank is full. It's sensitivity is adjusted so that it works with the majority of cars. If it's cutting off early, that means that it's detecting the back splash of gasoline in the neck of your gas tank, meaning that it's too sensitive for your vehicle. Try pu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are trucks so popular in the U.S? | [
"The US is very large and a lot of it is rural. Trucks are useful for odd jobs, difficult weather, bad roads, etc. American roads are also generally wider and straighter than European roads, so it's more practical to drive a larger vehicle here than in other parts of the world."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Is a heavier vehicle (truck) or a lighter vehicle (empty truck) able to stop quicker? (momentum/weight = more traction?) | [
"It really depends on lot of things. I think empty trucks will stop faster than full truck. Full truck have lot of kinetic energy. Difference in friction of empty and full truck is not as significant in a well paved dry road. If its not paved or dry road or in a slope, cant really tell without specific details."
] | [
"The total energy available to the gravity-powered vehicle is m * g * h, where m is the mass and h is the hieght ot the starting point. Larger m means more energy. It wouldn't matter in a frictionless track, all that energy would be converted into kinetic energy (1/2 * m * v^2 ) and the m's would cancel out. Alas, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do you need more water when sick? | [
"When people are sick they tend to produce a lot of mucus which is mostly water. If they are blowing that into tissues then obviously it needs to be replenished."
] | [
"They are more effective than not having one at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does an electric kettle makes a lot more noise between 0° and 80° than between 80° and 100°? | [
"Heres a fantastic video on the problem if you have time. _URL_0_ If not. Basically a the base of the water kettle the heater is well above 100°c this coverts the water into a gas, this gas then expands in the \"cold water\" of around it. But once it becomes too weak it starts to condense aka transform into a liqu... | [
"Water without impurities boils at 100degrees c at sea level"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What does SOB mean?? | [
"It, in most cases just means \"Son of a b#tch\", at least from the cases that I know of, I don't think I've seen any other definition"
] | [
"For the sake of the acronym, it's a good thing you didn't decide to create Cooking Like I'm Ten."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If a geostationary orbit is when a satellite is moving the same speed as Earth’s surface, how does it also have enough speed to ‘miss’ Earth when attracted by gravity and therefore orbit? | [
"It's not moving the same speed as Earths surface, it is moving much, much faster. They are about 26,000 miles away from Earth, so they must travel a much greater distance for each rotation than does the Earths surface."
] | [
"The difficulty in getting into orbit isn't in getting high enough (which is relatively easy) but in going sideways fast enough. In order to be in orbit, you need to be going around the earth so fast that it's curving away from you at the same rate you're falling towards it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How painful is it when you jump from a really high place and land the road pavement head-first? | [
"I’m not answering your question, but please, if you’re considering harming yourself, think about your options. You can call 911 or the equivalent if you think that you’re in immediate danger of harming yourself, or call a suicide hotline listed at _URL_0_ If you’re uncomfortable with that, please, get in touch wit... | [
"Apparently I did not explain this well enough so it got deleted, I will try again. Typically it is not the fall that kills people it's the landing that does it. You can fall from standing height and die if you land a certain way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
if all the ballast tanks are not working, how does a submarine surface? | [
"Some can inflate an “emergency balloon” that is loaded to a torpedo tube instead of an actual torpedo and use it’s lift force for an emergency surface"
] | [
"Like other ships float, buoyancy and water displacement, what about a aircraft carrier would make you think it works differently?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does it work when one person on a trampoline boosts the others up, and barely gets any lift themselves? | [
"A trampoline normally works by capturing the kinetic energy you have as you fall and converting it into elastic potential energy, which is stored temporarily in the springs. This is then converted again back into kinetic energy to lift you back into the air. When you do the double bounce correctly, your energy get... | [
"Try this at home: Get one ball and another one that's heavier than that. You would think that the heavier ball would fall faster than a lighter one right? Now, try dropping them down somewhere at the same time... Hopefully you found out that they fell at the same rate. That's because gravity, the force that's keep... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why cars have driver seat on the side of the vehicle and not in the middle? | [
"Lane visibility, by having the drivers seat, and steering wheel on the side closest to the middle of the toad it gives the driver the best visibility of the road ahead. It’s also more of an effort to get in and out of a car if the drivers seat is central."
] | [
"In old planes the wings, and main wheels, were located at the front. So the extra wheel came in the back. Now in modern planes the wings and main wheels are more to the center, a little to the back, and the extra wheel comes in front."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans turn yellow and wax-like when they decease? | [
"Because blood is no longer being pumped and so it starts to pool at the lowest point. I’m sorry for your loss."
] | [
"Because when they are dead and left uncooked, they become poisonous and make humans sick"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does a non compete clause stop workers from doing? | [
"It means you can't go work for a competing company either durring employment and usually for a set period after you leave the company."
] | [
"It's usually a condition of employment. So before an employee starts work on their first day they'll be told \"your job will have access to sensitive information. In order to work for us you must sign a Non Disclosure Agreement. If you are not willing to sign the offer of employment will be withdrawn\". I've worke... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
why is it that we use petrol as fuel when alcohol is both cheaper and easier to produce? | [
"There is much less energy per gallon in ethanol than gasoline. It's slightly cheaper, per gallon, and slightly more expensive, per mile. Ethanol is **not** easy to produce. Most ethanol is produced by converting **food** into fuel. People need food to eat to keep them alive, it's highly expensive, in terms of lost... | [
"Petroleum oils are hydrocarbon chains, links of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms hooked to them. Vegetable oils have links of carbon atoms with some hydrogen atoms, but also some oxygen-hydrogen units attached to them. You can absolutely use these as a fuel supplement, in the US almost all cars run on 10% Ethanol ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do butterflies and moths have such large wings relative to their body size compared to other insects? | [
"Big wings means slower flapping to achieve flight - more surface area to push against the air. This decreases maneuverability but gives them more ability to glide/soar (fly without flapping). This makes sense for some butterflies as they're migratory. Also some large sea birds use this same strategy to soar for lo... | [
"Here are a few ways to tell the two apart: 1. When butterflies land on something, their wings will be up vertically; moth wings will be flat horizontally 2. Butterflies are usually active during the day, while moths are more active at night There are some exceptions to this rule, but for the most part it works"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is the difference between an Atom and a Chemical Element? | [
"Atoms and elements are one and the same. Atoms and molecular elements are not the same. Some elements come in pairs, they don't normally exist as a single atom, examples hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen. Some other elements come in a single atom presentation when in gaseous form. Main difference is if you had a cloud of... | [
"Fusion: combining elements together Fission: breaking elements apart"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Since the Earth has a magnetic field, would it be possible to create a flying machine by repelling against it? | [
"No. The field is not strong enough to lift an object with air inside. Of course, you could make a balloon with a magnetic motor to steer it. This would only work inside a special building, the wind would always overpower it. The Earth's magnetic field is barely enough to turn a compass needle in a special, super-l... | [
"Magnetism is an effect caused when electrons move. Some metals have a structure where the outer electron can be manipulated. When all the electrons in the metal are aligned the same way, the metal has become \"magnetized\". The Earth has moving liquid metal in its core, and this generates a magnet effect for the p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do windows apps since the install shield wizard install crapola all over the place and need an uninstaller? | [
"It is because a lot of apps can share common components, but if they are all in their own folders, it would be an inefficient use of storage, due to duplication."
] | [
"depends on the document but word, excel, ppt, etc can run script/macros that mess with your computer. protected mode disables all of that so it can't mess with your computer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Before the time where separating conjoined twins is medically possible, what happens to the other healthy twin when one twin dies? I just recently saw this video about the Hilton sisters and I got morbidly curious. | [
"As you would probably have imagined, the dead twins body starts to flood the conjoined circulatory system with toxic waste and cause organ failure which would lead to death if not separated."
] | [
"From personal experience, the mind becomes attached to great moments in life and finds something to bring that memory back, like hair or feet. Same thing with great trauma unfortunately. Seen a movie about a girl been gang raped and when she got older that was how she got off, by recreating the same circumstances.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does a store like Walmart process and organize millions of payments per day? | [
"Each store has their own accounts that they track and upload the data and make payments to walmart corporate... that's how they can tell if a store isn't making much money and stuff"
] | [
"There is a chain of steps that every transaction must go through involving your bank, MasterCard/Visa, the store's bank, and the store itself. When you pay, the money has to digitally come out of your bank first, and make its way to the store. When you get money from the store, it must leave the store first, and t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are roots able to break through asphalt roads ? | [
"Nature finds a way. Tree roots are full of water channels. Water \"pressure\" (not sure why I did the air quotes, but hey) is very strong. Roots are very strong. They usually grow following the path of least resistance, and sometimes the asphalt is softer than the ground below."
] | [
"It was believed that they might drown in excess water collected in the soil, but apparently this is not so. Earthworms breathe through their skin and require moisture to do so. The surface of the earth is too dry for them to reach out in clear weather, so when it rains, they see it as an opportunity to move to new... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it so difficult to fix the MTA in New York? | [
"Maintenance of a rail system largely boils down to two things. 1.) Money: it's expensive, and public transit is a good that is more valuable to the city than that the users of that good would be willing to pay. So you fall into a hole of trying to defer major projects for as long as possible until they can't be d... | [
"Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How did Jussie Smollett become exhonerated even after admitting to the crime? | [
"Did he admit to it? I haven't seen anything like that out there."
] | [
"1. It involved a celebrity 2. It involved a black man who was accused of murdering a white woman, lots of racial tension 3. Despite overwhelming evidence, a team of very expensive lawyers were able manipulate a less competent prosecutor and judge, and allow their client to get away with murder 4. Both before and a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can paying off your student loans hurt your credit score? It seems like it would be a good thing. | [
"Part of a credit score is being able to prove you can pay off debt, which requires having debt to begin with. That’s why people who have never had a credit card or loan generally don’t have good credit. Without any debt, you can’t prove you have the ability to pay it off, hence the lower score. To summarize, lots ... | [
"If you've never borrowed money before, the how is anyone supposed to know whether or not you're a reliable person who can be counted on to pay off a loan when you actually ask for one? A lender would much rather lend money to someone who has borrowed before and shown themselves to be responsible than someone who i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the urge to pee get stronger as we get closer to the bathroom? | [
"Conditioning. It's the same reason you salivate when you think of something sour or appetizing. If you had never seen a bathroom before (and had always just peed in the bushes), bathrooms wouldn't make you feel that way."
] | [
"Chances are you've actually become conditioned to pee when you come home. Unlike in classical conditioning (where an unintentional reaction is trained with rewards and punishments), in this case it's probably just that your body has learned that when you get home it's pee time. The same thing happens to me any ti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
what is atricle 13? Ive been reading about it everywhere, but cant really understand it... :/ | [
"Article 13 will hold sites that publish material liable for the copyright violations of their users. When it's fully implemented, you won't be able to post that GIF you made by taking someone's copyrighted cat photo and layering a meme saying on it. This might be a good thing. You also won't be able to post copyri... | [
"I presume you are refering to the noise you sometimes hear in complete silence? If so, that \"rushing\" noise is actually your blood going through your system. I cant find the source for this other than some blogs, so you will have to take my word for it. As for the ringing noise you hear in silkence; it has been... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
When it comes to music(guitar) what are tabs and why are the looked down upon as a reference? | [
"Tablature is a form of musical notation indicating instrument fingering rather than musical pitches. People might look down on it as its not actually reading music, its just learning where to put your fingers. Another problem is that it only applies to fretted instruments and some aerophobes (ie the harmonica), so... | [
"Because the \"classical\" music hasn't been recorded, it's written on paper, so it's up to each pianist or orchestra to decide how THEY think it SHOULD sound. New music HAS been recorded, so aside from learning it and listening, there's not as much skill involved. Not saying it's not skillful to be a cover artist,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Can plants get their needed "sunlight" from artificial (e.g. normal LED room lights) source? Whats the difference between artificial light and sunlight from the point of view of the plant? | [
"Yes, the plant cannot tell the difference, as long as the light includes the colors (wavelengths) that plants most need, basically red light and blue light."
] | [
"Artificial lights, such as florescent lights and incandescent bulbs, mimic the sun's spectrum. Therefore, the calculator doesn't know it is getting charged by artificial light and not natural."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is there any science/research behind why certain people find trolling fun? If so, what's the overwhelming consensus? | [
"It would be an act that would appeal to psychopaths, Borderline Personality, Oppositional Defiance Disorder. Psychopaths have very muted emotions and pleasure and don’t empathize well, so the excitement of the drama, sense of superiority it gives them would be appealing. BPD tend to see everything in black and whi... | [
"I don't think you're going to get an amazing answer to this here based on the two that have been posted so far basically making fun of you for it. I'd say the answer you're looking for is either psychological or can be explained through neuroscience to some extent, thus potentially /r/askscience or /r/asksocialsci... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What's the difference between anabolic and catabolic? | [
"Anabolism and catabolism are two sides of the metabolic coin. Anabolism means building stuff up, like creating protein out of amino acid subunits, while catabolism is breaking down molecules to extract energy, like metabolizing carbohydrates."
] | [
"Anabolic Steroids work a few different ways. Steroids can enhance the erythropoiesis process which increases the concentration of red blood cells in your body. More oxygen in your body during a workout is a good thing. Steroids will also block the effect of other hormones such as cortisol involved in tissue breakd... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does your arm shake when you flex really hard? | [
"When you stretch or flex your muscles, they can affect the body’s nervous system, which in effect controls the body’s muscle movements. When the body becomes overly stressed, it can cause involuntary muscle spasms."
] | [
"I'm not a fitness guru by any means, but when you lift you tighten muscles and push hard. People might have to train themselves to not strain the diaphragm as well (the muscle that pushes your lungs). Sort of like training your pinky not to move when you flex your ring finger."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do girls have such big butts and thighs, while guys don’t? | [
"Men and women have different primary fat storage sites. Women tend to store fat on their thighs, hips, and butt first while men will store fat on their midsection first."
] | [
"Its just a media thing, nothing more than a stereotype. Some men prefer blondes, some do not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes traffic besides accidents? | [
"People not paying attention or being slow off the mark so fewer cars get through red lights. Cars pulling out and blocking lanes. Roadworks."
] | [
"They don't get rid of traffic. They get rid of the need of traffic lights."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what would happen if I took a tree mid summer to Australia? Would it do another spring cycle? Bloom again? Wait a year? | [
"Since the situation is hypothetical I won't add to the customs comments. If you uproot a tree, and transplant it, it's going to basically go into shock. It MAY resume again in time for a \"second\" cycle, but likely it won't and it will be unable to acclimate which will either greatly dwarf it's growth, or kill it... | [
"A lot of seeds wind up being eaten by forest critters (looking at you squirrel!) or land in places where they can't properly germinate. The saplings don't get enough sunlight because there's all these damn trees around etc. etc. Loads of reasons for small plants to die before they can become fully grown trees. you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
You are floating through the space, without a eminent rotation holding something in your hands. How big (or heavy?) the thing has to be that the counterforce pushes you to the opposite direction, if you throw it away? | [
"There's no minimum. *Anything* you throw will cause you to move in the opposite direction. The more massive the object, the more it pushes you away."
] | [
"Imagine a ball tied to a string, the other end of the string you hold and swing so the ball orbit around your hand. Suddenly you let the string go, the ball will go like you throw it. The ball here is like everything on the earth surface, the tension of the string is like gravitational force."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about writing:"
} |
When on a trampoline, why does someone bouncing near you send you much higher, and also how does 'stealing' someone's bounce work? | [
"When they get close to you, the trampoline is stretched even tighter than it usually is, allowing you to bounce higher when it’s being stretched by your friend. When your jump is stolen, their weight pulls the trampoline away from you, and so the trampoline has less tension underneath you, and thus can’t launch y... | [
"Momentum, centripetal force, and center of mass. They are like a top, gain speed before they get on there hand/head for the spin and once they adjust their body to be centered (so that they don't fall over) the force of the spin pushes them forward (so they continue to spin) and in towards their center of mass (ag... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Can someone explain the EUCD (European Union Copyright Directive) and how it will change the internet for Europeans? | [
"Right now, when someone uploads a video on youtube, and it violates your copyright, you have to report it to youtube and they will take it down. This is a simple and solid way to handle it, but I assume it creates a lot of work for copyright holders. So the new directive seems to change that and make big internet ... | [
"Trans Pacific Partnership is a large corp sponsored bill. With most of its negotiations and contents being kept secret. If that doesn't already make you feel strange. Its job on top of Pacific Free Trade is international Copy Right and Piracy Laws. It forces each signer to recognize a lot of international over sit... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Is there any difference between getting injections(of vitamins,medicine etc.) directly into your veins or into your muscle(most commonly butt muscle)? | [
"Some things, like vaccines, are best injected into muscles due to the way they are made and engineered to work. Others are injected into veins for quick distribution. Because vaccines do not need to be so rapidly distributed they do not need to directly enter the bloodstream. As to why they did both for you, it co... | [
"The size of the needle isn't what causes the pain. Most shots involve injecting an fluid most into a muscle (intra muscular) which causes some swelling within the tissue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
When laying down or even being upside down, how does our stomach acid not leak into other parts of the body? | [
"There are rings of muscles called sphincters that keep the openings of each end of the stomach tightly closed when nothing is passing in or out."
] | [
"Caustic chemicals damage you by burning the digestive track. Your stomach is more durable than your esophagus, so it can be more damaging coming back up than just sitting there. Poisonous chemicals get absorbed by the body, and travel through the blood where they can do various kinds of harm to the rest of the bod... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What causes the variations in the sounds of people's voices? | [
"Phonation starts when the air escaping the lungs hits the true vocal folds. The vocal folds are muscular and open and close to create different frequencies of sound. This sound resonates up into the mouth and nasal sinuses, over the tongue and out the lips making the sound we interpret as someones voice. The tongu... | [
"They are trying to hear you more efficiently, based on the shape of their heads and where their ears are currently pointing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
In a URL, if it doesn't matter if letters are uppercase or lowercase, why do some URLs have some uppercase and some lowercase? | [
"Case does not matter in domain names, but servers absolutely can (and most do) distinguish case in directory and file names. You haven't given a full URL, but I suspect your example is actually a unique ID/code of some sort being passed as an argument to the server for some purpose, and is likewise case-sensitive,... | [
"Also, things written in \"sentence case\" are easier to read because there is more variation between letters. With more variation, it's easier to distinguish the letters and thus quickly read them. Many studies show that readers only acknowledge a small part of the word, then fill in from context and experience wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Do water bottle minerals add taste? | [
"Yes, it has a \"good\" taste. If you drink a glass of distilled water you'd say it \"tastes flat\" or maybe \"stale\". There is a level of minerals that people associate with \"fresh\", and that's what they're adding to their purified water."
] | [
"Distilled water has been turned into steam and collected and cooled to remove all the impurities, metals, minerals etc. Spring water often has higher amounts of minerals and metals than tap water and other waters, because as the water travels through the spring, it picks up minerals from the soil and rocks in the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why can we sometimes fall asleep on very noisy places like trains and airplanes but other times the tiniest noise keeps us awake? | [
"Because a lot of noise consistently can have the same effect as white noise, which can moderate intermittent noise levels and provide a consistent backdrop, allowing you to sleep. If the tiniest noise is coming intermittently and is not otherwise drowned out, that shit will keep grabbing your attention and will w... | [
"It's probably a combination of reasons. Humans like to be awake all day and sleep all night. And we take our cues from the sun. If it's raining it's darker, so our bodies think, hey almost time for bed! Let's get sleepy! The other reason is ( I'm not to sure about this one so other redditors feel free to debunk me... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Sleep and boredom:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Sleep and boredom:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it that the germans during WW2 are referred to as the "Third Reich". Was there a first and second one? | [
"\"Reich\" is a German word that translates literally as \"realm\". \"Kaiserreich\" literally means \"emperor-realm\", or \"empire.\" The first and second German Empires (by the reckoning of the Nazis at least) were the Holy Roman Empire of 962–1806 and the German Empire of 1871–1918. They fancied themselves the th... | [
"A related question were there public figures at the time who were apologists that tried to justify for the actions of the Japanese military at Pearl Harbor?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Where does mold come from? And is the mold on your food different from the one that appears on moist walls? | [
"There are[ spores](_URL_0_)(think microscopic seeds) floating in the air around us all the time. When one of these lands in a place with favorable conditions, i.e water and a food source, it begins to grow, when it grows large enough we see it as mold. There are many different species so yes the one one your walls... | [
"Different species of mold have make different byproducts as they grow, and not all of them are harmful. Through experience we know some that are safe, like those used in making cheese. (Yeast is also a fungus, but not a mold, and is used for baking and brewing.) When food around the house gets moldy from whatever ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What exactly are these Articles 11 and 13? | [
"The way I understand it, article 11 would impose a \"link tax\" that would charge user of a certain reach for the use of news links, meaning aggregators like Google news would need to pay a company like Huff-Po and Fox for linking their articles. Which would be fine but it can be a burden on small companies and pr... | [
"From a quick read-through, I believe it is optional. It forces countries to require ISPs to \"expeditiously remove or disable access to\" infringement, once they receive \"actual knowledge.\" The example it gives for actual knowledge is notification from the right holder. Nowhere (that I can see) does it require I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do buffer overflows allow an entry point for exploits? | [
"A buffer is an area of memory--and it shares main memory with other code. A \"buffer overflow\" exploit is where you get the computer to reach beyond the boundaries of that array--which, with low-level programming, is pretty easy to do. More particularly, though, it's when you put your malicious code just beyond ... | [
"A picture is not an executable file; Windows will not try to execute it. You could take an actual executable file and name it mypicture.jpeg, but the user would have to execute that directly from the terminal, as the Windows file browser will look at the file extension and try to open it in an image viewer (which ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what is the difference between greenland and canada and their sovereignty? | [
"Canada is not under the UK in any way. They both share a queen (which is essentially a figurehead), but I think nowdays the titles are separate and just owned by the same person. On the other hand, the government of Denmark has dominion over the government of Greenland. I'm not too familiar with it, though it's li... | [
"north africa has the desert which is on the same plane as Northern mexico and the southwest of the us which has the great sonoran and the Chihuahuan desert southern africa is green, same as south america"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What's the difference between a .com and .net URL? | [
".com and .net are examples of what are called top-level domains. There are other ones, too, like .biz, .org, .edu, or country specific ones like .us, .ru, etc. In theory, .com was originally supposed to indicate a site is commercial in nature. .net is similarly short for \"network\", and it was originally supposed... | [
"All countries except the USA have a domain country classification so if you don't see a country it is a USA company or a multinational website that is using the American domain as a home domain. The .co is for company as opposed to .org organisation or .gov government etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do songs get stuck in our heads? Are certain songs more likely to be stuck in our heads than others? | [
"I think it’s because there’s a feedback loop in your brain. Your brain can’t accurately remember the whole song and therefore sees it as an unfinished task, so it decides to repeat the task until it finishes it. That’s why the best way to get a. Song out of your head is to listen to it again!"
] | [
"There are several factors at work. Brain chemistry, life experiences, and even what music they were raised with will affect how someone reacts to the sounds. For brain chemistry, it is like some people are easily addicted to drugs, and some people are almost immune. Life experiences are pretty obvious. If you had ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does Numbing Cream work? | [
"Numbing cream which uses the active ingredients that end in \"-caine\" (think lidocaine, benzocaine, etc) stop pain by blocking the sodium channels in nerves-- > keeps pain signal from traveling to brain-- > you don't feel pain. & #x200B; If you're curious how nerves conduct pain signals, that is a giant subject ... | [
"Hot Showers: Vasodilation Muscle pain relief Comforting/Relaxing Raises body temperature & #x200B; Cold Showers: Energizing Helps lower body temperature Vasoconstriction Invigorating"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What happens to the money bad guys made when they go to jail? | [
"If it's a big time operation they usually have their money in overseas accounts in countries with strong privacy laws like Switzerland or the Cayman Islands. Otherwise, if it's proven that it was gained illegally, the government siezes it. If the government wants it badly enough they use civil asset forfeiture to ... | [
"He makes sure they have a 'legal' method of accounting for the money they bring in. Remember, Al Capone only went to prison for tax evasion."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Clowns are typically meant to be silly and fun, why is the fear of them so widespread? Does that fear have an origin? | [
"Clowns are [a kind of trickster](_URL_0_), which in myth and legend can be both funny and scary, foolish and cunning (think Loki, Pied Piper, Puck, etc.). They break rules and are unpredictable. It also has been noted that the clown's painted faces are \"[familiar, but off](_URL_2_)\", distorted, and hide their re... | [
"Human beings are capable of strong feelings/emotions, one of these feelings/emotions is irrationality. A phobia is an irrational fear, a fear that comes from something that can't possibly do a person any harm. That's why there is no word for a fear of sharks or lions, it's perfectly rational to be fearful of apex ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does space rockets only use fuel and not other energy sources like electric, etc. ? | [
"Rockets operate in space by throwing mass in the opposite direction of where they want to go. Whether they get their power from a chemical reaction or a battery or a nuclear reactor, they still have to carry propellant on board. Every ounce of weight a rocket carries reduces its efficiency, so it only makes sense ... | [
"Yes their propulsion system is self contained and doesn't need oxygen in the air to function. This is a lot like how space crafts bring their own oxidizer along with the fuel."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why did/do countries honor Switzerland’s neutrality in times of war? | [
"Switzerland would be one hell of a nut to crack, so to speak. Basically, it's built into the Alps and surrounded by and made up of mostly mountainous terrain. Very few armies could conquer it and none of them could do so without an immense cost in money and effort and time. Combine that with it having no strategic... | [
"Was any Asian country capable of helping the United States during the revolutionary war?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some depression medications carry the potential risk of causing “increased risk of suicide in children, teens, and young adults”? I assume this means this risk doesn’t exist for “mid-to-older adults”? Why? ELI5 | [
"One of the things an anti-depressant does is cause a rise in energy. Usually this happens before the mood changes do, especially for younger ages. So, it can create a situation where younger adults and teens suddenly have all the energy they need to commit suicide with all the same urges as before. Older people do... | [
"A black box warning is an adverse drug reaction that is thought to be so severe that the FDA mandates that it must be discussed with patient prior to prescribing. Often these are rare but potentially serious reactions. Prozac has a black box warning because it was noted to increase the risk of suicidal thoughts an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does Venezuela have such a high inflation rate and how does it keep going higher? | [
"Nicholas Maduro ,who is in power at the moment but maybe not for long, refuses to address the irrational spending habits of his predecessor and instead continues to print money that has no goods or services to back it. This is a cycle that continues until something changes drastically. It stemmed from social progr... | [
"Each government has it's own metrics based on the amount of debt it has, the shrinking/growth of GDP, average salary, how much money is moving around banks, the current inflation rate, and how they think the economy will be doing in the near future. For example, in recessions, countries print more money to encoura... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is happening to the pixels of a gray-scale image when we resize them to a smaller image? | [
"in your example the image actually goes from 4 megapixels to 1 megapixel. So, you reduce four pixels to one pixel. Take the top left corner: take four pixels, average out the values, make that average into one pixel. Now do it to the rest."
] | [
"Depend on actual resolution of the video compared to your monitor resolution. If the monitor is larger, each monitor pixel along with its neighbors are colored either the same as the original video pixel or with a shade of colors between the original video pixel and its neighbors. If the monitor is smaller, each m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do 3rd party booking sites (Agoda, Booking etc.) have cheaper rates than the hotel itself? And why does the hotel price match the rates on the 3rd party booking sites? | [
"The hotel doesn’t want to insult the guests that paid full price and make them feel like they’re getting ripped off. Unrented rooms are a waste. There still going to exist whether occupied or not. As long as the revenue received is greater than the cost of operation (maids, electricity water gas etc) any money ma... | [
"Most of the time they are not. Price shown is lower but when you are on the \"checkout\" page most of times there will be extra-fees. With these fees, your end price is higher than when booking the same flight directly from the airline. It's a trap."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what are the most harmful things we're doing to our planet | [
"Religion is the most harmful thing to this planet. It's built-in that not only can you not get abortions if you accidentally get pregnant, but hey, you should be having as many children as possible to *spread* the religion. That was all fine and good 2000 odd years ago when the world was still reaching capacity, b... | [
"It takes alot of energy and resources to raise livestock and break meat down into forms we can consume which is very taxing on pretty much all of earth vital systems."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do smokers get an urge to light one up after eating, drinking alcohol etc..? | [
"I am a smoker. While I don't really have an educated answer, I can make a guess. Our mouths are used to the taste of a cigarette. If we don't smoke for a while, it feels more satisfying compared to lighting one back to back. After food is just another opportunity to get that satisfaction. I like smoking one after ... | [
"Alcohol is a diuretic: it makes you pee. You've probably noticed that. Even drinking something like beer, you pee out more than the water that was in the beer. So, you pee a lot, you get dehydration. Common symptoms of dehydration? Headache, nausea, muscle pain, exhaustion. Also known as a hangover. How do you tre... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and lifestyle:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Health and lifestyle:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is the sky (usually) blue? | [
"The thing to google is Rayleigh scattering. The sun itself is white(ish) but the light hitting the rest of the sky is scattered down to us most efficiently in blue."
] | [
"The air is naturally clear. When the sun is shining, the Nitrogen and Oxygen in the air scatter the sun's blue light through the atmosphere. This is the same reason why the sun looks yellow; it's normally white, but when you remove the blue light (which escapes in to the air), you're left with yellow (well, you're... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:"
} |
We know things like violence and abuse are out there, so why is SEEING it so traumatizing? | [
"While we know these things happen, on some level our brain views them as theoretical. We can rationalize it will never happen to us, or anyone we know. But the minute you see it happen it goes very quickly from theoretical to actual and the horror and fear become real."
] | [
"A lot of it is cultural. If you go to Europe, parents will be more concerned about violence and less concerned about sex. But if you want me to try and justify it, sex is something that people are more likely to imitate. For all the media talks about school shootings, they're extremely rare. But teen pregnancy is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why can’t we change our usernames? | [
"Imagine that everyone in class has a different coloured ball of yarn. As we go on through the year these yarns are going to magically tie a knot to each other whenever you talk to someone else in class. At the end of the year we can see everyone you talked to, and when! But if you wanted to change the colour you p... | [
"Followup: Can't you just lie about what caste you are in?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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