query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why does our voice sound different when it's recorded? | [
"When you hear your own voice on a recording you're hearing only the sound waves, but when you hear yourself as you talk the vibrations you vocal chords make to create those sound waves also travel through your body/bones and you hear those as well."
] | [
"Keep listening to recordings of yourself to desensitize to the way it sounds. You hear a much richer version of your voice as it vibrates bones in the head, but this is how others hear you. Just get used to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Language and Communication:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Language and Communication:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Language and Communication:"
} |
How do fuel pumps know my tank is nearing full and cut off supply? | [
"Inside the nozzle there is a small tube. When you are fueling, the tube is sucking in air as the fuel is being delivered. When your tank fills up, that tube sucks up fuel and creates a vacuum in that tube which releases the automatic shutoff valve."
] | [
"There are two reasons. The older reason is that there is a very small chance that you could ignite the gas fumes with a running engine. The newer reason is that modern gas tanks are pressurized while the engine is running. If you leave the gas cap open while it's running, the sensors will think there's something w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why are the tips of the wings on an airplane curved up? | [
"There's a low pressure area on top of the wing, and a high pressure area bellow it. This is caused by the shape of the wing, and it's what allows an aircraft to fly. Because of this pressure difference, the air wants to flow from the bottom of the wing to the top, and at the wingtip it can do this. This leads to a... | [
"I don't think there's a special condition happening here. Its more of an optical trick. The weight of the bird is unevenly distributed towards the very tips of the wings which extend past the nose of the bird. So while the bird looks imbalanced, the weight of the materials is actually balanced 50/50 on either sid... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are Auroras different colours on different planets (Earth is green, Jupiter is blue, Saturn is red)? | [
"When the charged particles that from the sun hit the atoms and molecules of the Earth's atmosphere, they excite those atoms, giving off light. Different atoms give off different colors of the spectrum when they are excited. Earth's atmosphere is mostly nitrogen and some oxygen. Jupiter and Saturn are different amo... | [
"Rainbows happen when light gets split from pure white light (sunlight), into the colours that make up white (exactly like using a prism). The longer light, bends more than the shorter light. So you see the colours in the order of wavelength. Rainbows always happen when the sun is above, and behind you. (At 72 de... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans enjoy voilence? | [
"If you follow Christian beliefs, everyone inherits a sinful nature from the first sin of Adam and Eve. It's in everyone's nature to do evil things. Another answer might be that sometimes aggression and violence are necessary for justice and survival. Think about Hitler. If we were a society that couldn't even look... | [
"Are you saying we should be more racist towards cats?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do sometimes random songs you haven't heard in a while start playing in your mind? | [
"What you may think as being random isn't actually all that random. Think of your brain as many interconnected memories or associations. When you start playing that random song in your head it's most likely due to something that triggered that memory. Have you ever heard someone say something and you immediate sta... | [
"I think it might be different for everyone. At least for me, there are some songs that I instantly love and simply listen the hell out of them, most of the time until it bores me. There are other songs, however, that I'll listen to them the first time and think, meh...and the more I listen to it the more I like i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is it so difficult to voluntarily pee one's pants? | [
"If I had to take a guess its pavlovian conditioning. We are so very much mentally trained Not to do that, that is it very hard to override it. Kind of like how you could easily bite through your finger but your brain tells you no."
] | [
"How do you know that you don't sneeze in your sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are nipples and genitals darker than rest of skin? | [
"I had read somewhere that the nipples were darker due to an adaptation which allows our offspring to locate it easier, in order to eat. Many mammal's nipples are a different pigment not just humans. Not sure about the genitals part."
] | [
"The skin on the palm side of your hand is much different than the skin on the other side. It's much tougher and thicker, as well as having less melanin, which is what gives your skin color. Everyone has less melanin on their palms, it's just much easier to see a difference on people with darker skin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do gas cylinders get cold? | [
"For a fixed volume (the cylinder), temperature is proportional to pressure. So when you let some gas out of the cylinder, the pressure falls, which in turn means the temperature falls. These are the “gas laws” which are well proven in physics. Nobody knows why, they just are. p.s. the gas doesn’t need to boil for... | [
"Butane is used because it's a gas at room temperature and it liquefies easily (i.e, at regular pressures). You want your fuel to be liquid so that it can be stored safely. Propane takes higher pressure to liquefy than butane does - which is why propane tanks are made out of metal, and you can get liquid butane in ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do camera crews filming with or hunting along side jungle tribes communicate that they want to film a documentary and go about setting it up? | [
"They likely have a local fixer to communicate. You have to understand a crew is many people you don't every see on camera. Hell, there's probably even a PA dragging a cooler full of water and snacks there."
] | [
"There are people out there who just take animal footage and photos for the sole purpose of selling them, like to national geographic or discovery or some production company. There are others who set out to make a documentary on a certain animal or area of the world, so they will follow the animal or camp in an are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Currently in Ontario, Canada the limit average of students per class in high school is 22 but is going to increace to a limit of 26. Somehow this will allow for classes of 45+ students. How is this possible? | [
"Averages can be a little odd. It was explained to me this way: a typical class can be 30 while the average is 22 if you have enough smaller classes of 10 or 12 (either advanced, remedial, specialty or SPED classes can sometimes be this small)."
] | [
"The recognition that there is a need for better education and the work load for teachers is too high does not directly translate into more money being available to hire or pay for teachers. Funding will not automatically materialize just because people on the ground want more. What happens is that people are given... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do cuttlefish have a squiggly line for a pupil, and what does this shape do for them? | [
"It's been known for some time that cuttlefish have no color receptors in their retinas. However, it's also known that they can match colors with their camouflage abilities, so they must have SOME way of knowing what color things are. Scientists currently believe that the odd shape of the cuttlefish's pupils lets ... | [
"They have special pigment cells on their skin called chromatophores. They use muscles to contract and expand the cells which lead to various colors being seen. They can also use the muscles in their skin to contort pieces of their body, making it look jagged like coral. Also, they have excellent eyesight, which al... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why isn’t Cardi B in prison? | [
"Unless something has changed in the last couple days, it's because there are yet to be any credible victims. I can say on national television \"I Killed 100 people 10 years ago\" and I wouldnt be able to be arrested until they could find someone who died/disappeared 10 years ago to match up with my statement."
] | [
"Am I out of the loop on something? Who hates Ringo?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do paper cuts hurt so much | [
"Paper is jagged under a microscope, and the cut hurts more because there's often no blood to keep air away."
] | [
"do they squirm when you squeeze them? if so yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do dominant limbs work? How/when does the body decide which limb will be superior to the others? How does this differ for ambidextrous people? | [
"No one really knows, tho it might be useful to know that in very early stages of pregnancy the fetus seems to prefer sucking one hand’s thumb over the other, this might indicate that it’s genetic"
] | [
"As it develops, the brain likes to put closely related processes next to each other for efficiency. Both speech and dexterity require fine motor skills, so those processes are put close to one another. The speech center is typically in the left hemisphere, and so then are fine motor skills. This is why most people... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about science:"
} |
What happens when a car gets towed and they are unable to contact the owner? | [
"The car gets towed and brought to a lot. The dmv is contacted to determine the owner and they are contacted to pay and come get it. That's it. If the owner doesn't call back, the toe company keeps the car and sells it."
] | [
"It means your car broke down and wasn't abandoned. Your hazards will only work until the battery dies. It let's the police know your intent to come back to retrieve the car. As long as it's off road, or not on private property you may buy yourself a few days without getting towed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
If the sky is blue because the blue light gets absorbed by the atmosphere, and we see by light refracting into our eyes.(i.e blue light hitting our eyes). Then how can we see blue things? | [
"You don't see whatever color something is absorbing. You see whatever color it is reflecting back at you."
] | [
"So air is most definitely colourless, not blue. Gaseous Oxygen has a very pale blue tinge to it, but only makes up ~20% of the atmosphere. The remaining content is mostly Nitrogen, which is colourless and dilutes the already faint blue of Oxygen to essentially no colour at all. Oxygen being blue does not explain t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Are current car tire and rims more efficient than their older counterparts? | [
"Rims have gotten lighter and stronger while tire compounds have evolved to have better traction and longevity. The only reason rims are bigger is because of esthetics. The ride usually gets harsher and going beyond factory tire diameter will reduce performance. Also old cars had worse suspension so having more t... | [
"Air weighs less than rubber. Rubber costs more than empty space. The ride quality would be worse. But there are some interesting designs for airless tires that may revolutionize how we design tires."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Automotive technology:"
} |
How do the bones in our arms and legs grow evenly to each other? | [
"DNA is like a blue print that your body follows. So your arms know how long they're supposed to be and your body evenly distributes resources so that that can happen. Each arm would receive an even portion of the proteins and other vitamins and minerals that you eat and each one would grow as much as it can using ... | [
"It is the relative size of their head to the rest of the body. As your body grows, you need some support to keep your head at a comfortable height on the bed, whereas a baby's head is big enough to not need the support."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why/how does China make their currency cheap? Wouldn't everyone else just catch on and give it a real value? | [
"Right, lots of misinformation here. Listen up, here’s the truth. The valuation of a currency depends on its demand and supply. China has a closed monetary system which prevents cash from easily entering or leaving the system. They have significant control over RMB supply in the global forex market. The supply is c... | [
"It creates an automatic demand for dollars that keeps the value of the currency high. We could produce no exports of any kind, and the money would stay valuable because everyone needs to buy oil, and oil only sells for dollars. It's pretty unlikely that China will make that move in the near future, since devaluing... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How the eagles eye can see from so far up? | [
"Vision works by collecting light. In the most basic form, an eagles eye collects more light. An analogy would be camera resolution. A higher megapixel camera can resolve smaller details better when you \"zoom in\""
] | [
"Because we can't see very well in it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the caste-based reservation system work in India? (SCs, STs, BCs, OBCs, FCs, etc) | [
"Every cast in the country is segregated into SC/ST, BC/OBC and FC (also known as General) Based on the category, concession is given in different things such as 1. Admissions to public universities which includes the fee you pay, number of people selected etc 2. Government jobs (age relaxation for those jobs and n... | [
"The Hindu caste system is made up of stages called Varna. They are as follows... Brahmin - Religious leaders, priests, educators, scholars. Kshatriya - Warriors, political figures. Vaishya - Farmers, merchants. Shudra - Manual laborers, craftspeople. Dalit - \"Untouchables\", dirty jobs no one else wants to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do websites know if you're using adblocker? | [
"Ads send info to your pc, ie by opening a popup window. Your pc ignores that info and doesnt open the popup window. Website knows you blocked the ad because it doesnt detect the connection to popup window and then sends you another data packet asking why you're blocking ads."
] | [
"Well, you kinda explained it in your question. Ads. Ad revenue, redirects, etc. It's simple to install an ad blocker on a PC, not so much on a phone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How did early humans figure out what plants and animals were safe to eat? Especially foods like the puffer fish which has to be prepared a specific way to avoid being poisoned | [
"In The Simpsons they just had Ralph try the purple berries and see what happend. So maybe...that?"
] | [
"Poison is a toxic substance that harms something that eats it. Venom is something that is injected into something to harm it. As an example, the rattlesnake produces fairly strong venom, but is commonly eaten as it makes no poisons. The puffer fish does produce poisons, and is made available for human consumption ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why/how neon red and painting red look different if they are the same color? | [
"The primary difference is that screens, light bulbs, and neon lights emit light and are therefore additive. Starting with no colour, or black, these sources ADD colour. Paint reflects light rather than emitting it. In this case colours are subtractive. Starting with white, each paint SUBTRACTS certain colours, lea... | [
"Red blue and yellow are the primary colors for paint and the such, red blue and green are the primary colors of light. Edit: I suppose technically magenta cyan and yellow"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Computer Science:"
} |
Why stones are used on train tracks? | [
"Essentially it's a really cheap suspension, drainage system and anti vegetation system. _URL_0_ It distributes the weight away from the narrow tracks to the surrounding ground. It also absorbs vibrations making it a form of suspension. It stabilizes the train and keeps it in place, also over time digs into the gro... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do IPOs get a price value? Are they allowed to be adjusted based on demand? | [
"The initial price is generally based on the exit value required by the investors. Depending on when you put your money in and what level of risk you assumed, you'll want a certain payout. You set the amount and price of the stock to get that payout. However, selling stock is really no different than selling anythi... | [
"No one sets the price, it works like you asked. Traders on the stock floor offer to sell a certain amount of shares at a certain price, and another trader will either take the offer, or no one will and they'll try at a lower price. Or multiple traders will want to take the offer and a bidding war starts. It's all ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how can bugs fly inside moving vehicles? | [
"Why should they? The air inside is moving at the same speed as the car. Same reason you can get up on a train or airplane and even jump and you don't get flung backwards at many kilometers per hour"
] | [
"i just drop like a sack of potatoes. So if there is such a mechanism i want to ask the follow up question why mine doesn't work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is the gas that burns in kitchens separated from its supply in the pipe and everything does not catch on fire? | [
"Gas burning is a reaction between the gas and oxygen in the air. Gas without oxygen will not burn. There is no oxygen in the supply pipes so it won't burn even if there is a source of ignition. Oxygen cannot get into the pipe because the pressure in the pipe is higher than the outside pressure which means gas can... | [
"There should be no reason why a wind farm should have a jet of fire under normal operation. In fact there is almost no reason for any power plant to waste fuel for a jet of flames. You might see torches on refineries which is kept at a minimum unless there is a gas leak in which case the gas is directed towards th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do large bodies of water have darker and lighter patches? | [
"The lighter parts are more shallow and darker parts deeper. Since it is shallow it allows light to reflect off of the surface. But since it takes a longer amount of time to reach the bottom of a pit so it just gets absorbed and nothing is reflected back."
] | [
"When air gets hot, it changes the density so you have swirling patches of hotter & cooler air. Air of different densities passes light differently, creating those shadows."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the natural position of my eyes open during the day and I have to “forcefully” close them, while at night I have to “forcefully” keep them open as their natural state becomes closed? | [
"It is just part of the sleep system. There are two parts to the sleep system. The sleep-wake homoestasis and the circadian rhythm. The sleep wake system is pretty simple. The longer you are awake the sleepier you get and the longer you are asleep the less sleepy you get. What happens is sleep-regulating substance... | [
"So just tried this out at my desk. Closing my eyes halfway caused no pain at all and left me feeling perfectly normal. However I also noticed that the first time I tried it I also ended up crossing my eyes and leaving them that way as part of the process, probably as part of focusing on “something close”, i.e. my ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Sleep and fatigue:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Sleep and fatigue:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do the saws that cut casts not cut skin? | [
"Doctor uses shakey blade not spinny blade. Shakey blade has teeth to bite into hard cast, while it only moves the skin."
] | [
"My theory is they don't. They seam the colour they are because they are in contact with with your finger"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Biology:"
} |
Why do stars not move if the Earth spins at 1000 miles (1600km) an hour? | [
"Remember, even at that speed, it takes 24 hours before a star is back at its position. And if you look through a telescope at 100x magnification, you can see it move quite clearly"
] | [
"This is such an excellent question! Yes, the sun moves! It, alongside the entire solar system, orbits around the centre of the milky way galaxy. Our solar system's velocity averages around 828,000 km/h (514,495 mph), which means that it would take our solar system around 230 million years to complete one full orbi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does sped up audio sound higher pitched and slowed ones sound deeper? | [
"Copy/pasting my answer from elsewhere: > Every wave has a characteristic called its frequency, which represents how many peaks pass an arbitrary point in one second. If you play a sound faster, you're increasing the frequency. This increased frequency is the reason we hear it as higher-pitched. The same is true f... | [
"Each slider is a controls the volume set of frequency. Frequencies are parts of the sound, low frequencies are deep sounds and high frequencies are the high-pitched things you hear. Middle frequencies are about what the human speaking voice is. By sliding these bars up and down you can make your music sound differ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are there black keys between some white keys but not other ones? | [
"The notes on a major scale have some distance between them. That distance is called tone. If we got a C major scale, we have the following distance: 1 tone(T)-1T - 1/2T -1 T - T - T - 1/2 T. While on a guitar every key ok the keyboard is half tone distant, we don't need to differentiate the half tones from full to... | [
"Oh god I was first French horn in college but I'm terrible at explaining things. Here I go! Ok so I'm sure you've seen a piano. All the white keys are the \"natural\" notes. Example: A,B,C. All the black smaller keys are the variants of those notes. Example: The little black key to the left side of the \"B\" white... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How one way glass works | [
"> As in one side is a mirror and the other is completely transparent and see through Not like that. Both sides of one way glass is a partially transparent mirror. What makes it seem one-way is whatever is on one side of it being far darker than what's on the other, so the reflection of the bright room stops peopl... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do Siamese twins control one side of the body each or one head controls everything, or both have I put on both sides or something else? | [
"Long answer short, *yes*. They can be all of the above. Some twins can even share senses, like a pair of twins in Canada who can see through each other’s eyes and have conversations with eachother in their conjoined mind (A Thalamic Bridge connects their Thalami, which is how that is accomplished). Conjoined twins... | [
"It's different depending on each case. Usually they have separate organs but share a circulatory system. It's not uncommon for them to only have 1 heart and liver shared between the two."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why did the AAF form and have a lot of hype around it, then only a few weeks later is completely terminated? | [
"Simple. Not enough money / players. Apperantly they had planned to use young NFL players the way baseball does in the minor leauge . NFL said no."
] | [
"Better the devil you know than the devil you don't. If a new football/soccer league started, first of all, not every team would join it over FIFA. What we'd actually get is competition. Say maybe 30% of teams join the New League (NL) and the rest stick with FIFA. Now both companies are fighting for ratings, fighti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What effect does possessing non-Homo sapiens genetic material have on modern humans? | [
"I'd just like to point out, that just because there are some DNA bits, that have come form other races of the Homo Genus, those are not outright \"non-Homo sapiens DNA\". Modern humans are not just a single DNA-sequence but a range and those bits are well within the definition for humans, too, even if there were n... | [
"No one can't answer this with absolute certainty. But there are several theories: 1. Population control. Homosexuals keep population levels lower as they do not have the ability to reproduce. 2. Drone theory: homosexuals are seen the same as the drone is in a hive of bees. It serves a up useful purpose in society ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is your iris coloured? | [
"Pigments in your eyes like in your skin protect your eyes from UV rays. The more brown you eyes are the better you're at dealing with UV light. It's the same pigment as skin melanin. Difference between Blue/Green/Gray etc eyes is how they are shaped and reflect different wavelengths of light. Most people with al... | [
"Shine a light at your eyes while they’re closed. What do you see? That’s your answer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Science:"
} |
Can you explain to me what's the main differences in scientific versus social-scientific methods are? | [
"Manipulation. In physical science, like physics and chemistry, it is usually possible to manipulate the factors that you are studying. If you DO A, does it always result in B? Usually, you want to make each trial as identical to each other as possible by controlling all the possible factors, temperature, humidity,... | [
"Salutations, Could you please point me in the direction of some cogent books/articles that address the historiographical debate surrounding histories status as an art or a science."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about News:"
} |
what animals with eyes on the sides of their head see exactly? Can they see both their sides at the same time? | [
"I read somewhere that when they're eating, horses see everything around them but don't see what they're eating. Can anyone confirm this or is this straight bs?"
] | [
"No. When you look at the side of your face you see the same thing that everyone else does when they look at the side of your face. If people saw the side of your face/head when they looked you in the eye they would be looking you in the ear. That would be weird. It seems you're asking \"do people see me as attract... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How have we been able to determine atmospheric pressure and temperatures on Jupiter?What about planets outside out solar system? | [
"The [Galileo Probe](_URL_0_ ) was released into the atmosphere of Jupiter and went down to the 22bar before contact was lost due to heat and pressure. No direct measurements have been made of planets outside the solar system, but models of gas giants have been made which explain the GP data. These models provide p... | [
"We are able to detect planets much further away, yes. But we are not able to take a picture of them. We have no pictures what so ever of planets outside our solar system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about astronomy:"
} |
How do slow close toilet lids slow close? | [
"Self-closing toilet seats are made with a slow-close hinge that uses a spring or tiny air cylinder. The hinge allows the seat to lower onto the bowl softly and silently. Slow-close seats lower themselves in a smooth, controlled motion as soon as you start to push it down"
] | [
"The Pool of water reduces odour from excrement. but the majority of American toilets use what's called the \"syphon method\" which requires a narrow \"trap way\" but this can and often does cause the toilet to clog easily. European toilets require more use of the toilet brush to clean the bowl due to lack of water... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why (in the US) do I need to sign the back of a check that is made out to me? | [
"I am not a banking expert, but I have deposited checks without signatures before, as long as the name on the check matches the name on the account. It may help that I know my bank staff and they know me, but I imagine it would work if the names match. Do you know your bankers?"
] | [
"You're depositing the check in *your own* bank account. If you're caught forging a check, that's fraud - a serious criminal offense. They can hold all the money in your bank account & send the cops to arrest you if you do it. That's more than enough reason for most people to not do it. To deal with the rest, they'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about banking:"
} |
What’s the purpose of having a dominant hand? | [
"Imagine you have 2 workers, Righty and Lefty. Scenario 1. They are equally proficient for all tasks, and you choose randomly which one will do which task, but they choice needs some time of thinking. Scenario 2. Each worker is proficient at different tasks. Now each workers \"knows\" which task to perform, and no... | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do we know what the exterior of dinosaurs actually looked like just based on their bones? | [
"In a lot of cases we don't. & #x200B; In some cases we can the imprint of feathers or other surface features imbedded in mud that has turned to stone."
] | [
"Sometimes they're actual fossils, sometimes they're replicas, sometimes the skeleton is a mixture of both actual fossils and replicas. Depending on the museum, they might have a sign next to the skeleton telling you which bones are fossils and which are replicas - I know the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto does th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What are For loops and what is the difference between them and While Loops? | [
"Imagine you have five apples. You have one sticker for each apple. Your boss asks you to put a sticker on each apple. That's a **for loop**. & #x200B; Now imagine you have an infinite amount of apples. Your boss wants you to put one sticker on each apple until you run out of stickers. That's a **while loop.**"
] | [
"Here's a real-world analogy: suppose you have a box with 10 toys in it, and you want to take all of them out of the box. One way to specify that is to say, \"while the box has toys in it, remove a toy from the box\". Once the box has no toys, the loop is done. That looks like this: while (box has toys) { remove a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do some Twitch streamers have a countdown on their stream? | [
"Gives time for viewers to get the alert and log in. Also gives the streamer time to verify the health of the stream before getting to the main focus."
] | [
"I think it's because it's easier to get a song off a YouTube video than from a live stream, Twitch does mute parts of videos in the archive that contain copyrighted music."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is a "graphics engine" or "physics engine" in the context of video games, and how is it different from animation for motion pictures? | [
"A graphics engine is a piece of software, such in it runs on a computer, to produce visual output, meaning it displays stuff on screen. Physics engines are software which make virtual object representations, for example cars in computer software, more like reality. Both animated films and games use both kinds of ... | [
"A game requires A LOT of code. Things need to be considered like how will the camera work, how will light be rendered (eg effects like bloom, shadows, as well as just how things will appear or be \"drawn\" in the world), how collisions will work (a foot against the ground, a bullet into a body etc), sound/audio, a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are purchases instantly withdrawn from my account but refunds can take days? | [
"has to do with ACH (automated clearing house) I have noticed for PIN debit purchases, mostly refunds are instant. & #x200B;"
] | [
"You are right, inter-bank transfers take around 3-5 business days (depending on country, bank etc.). When Paypal sends you money, that's why you have to wait those days. When you transfer money from your bank to Paypal, it actually in fact does take 3-5 days before the money reaches Paypal's bank account. But in o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is the purpose of the human hymen? | [
"I do know for sure that the hymen is not an indicator of virginity in any way. It can be broken in many ways including masturbation, using tampons, horseback riding, and many others, it can even grow back in certain cases. However, from what I can tell, no one is really sure what anatomical purpose it has."
] | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How can we imagine hearing sounds and seeing images, all inside our heads? | [
"All hearing and all vision is just electrical and chemical activity in your brain. Some of those actions arise from signals sent from sensory organs (e.g., eyes and ears), and some originate in the brain itself. The point is the brain's wiring is built to \"see\" and \"hear\" with or without direct sensory input."... | [
"This is not an answer, but maybe a different way to ask the question: A smell is an experience that can be recorded by our brains. No different than the experience of looking at an image, or the sensation of feeling something with your fingers. So maybe a better question is, how do we remember things in general? H... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does world wide oil production never overwhelm current storage facilities? | [
"The price. If there is an oversupply of oil, the price of oil drops. Let's say that the price drops from $65/barrel to $60/barrel. Let's say that for some producers, oil costs $63/barrel to extract. When the price drops, those producers will stop pumping. That will cause the surplus to be reduced. The same thing ... | [
"- the US like to put Russia under pressure and asked Saudi-Arabia to keep the price down - Iran sanctions ended and additional oil enters the market - many new oil fields get explored - no increase in worldwide demand, alternative energy getting cheaper"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Economics:"
} |
Why does gravity drops off so fast? | [
"Gravity does not drop off that fast. If you built a tower as tall as the ISS’s orbit, gravity at the top would still be ~90% as strong as on Earth’s surface. The reason that the ISS experiences *weightlessness* (which is not synonymous with “zero gravity”) is because it’s in perpetual freefall. The reason that it ... | [
"Why would the attraction of a black hole make anything travel faster than light?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
what happens to my body when my metabolism speeds up? If I haven’t increased my activity level then how does that extra energy get spent? | [
"Caffeine is a stimulant, and will increase your resting heart rate. Cold temperatures will force your body to generate more heat by ramping up cell chemistry rates and/or shivering major muscle groups. Both of these cost energy, but the effect isn't really that significant. If you're looking to lose weight, it beg... | [
"You won't gain weight if you eat fewer calories than your body burns, then you'd be creating new energy out of thin air. If eating less causes someone to gain weight then chances are the food is more dense in calories then one would think and/or they don't burn nearly as much as they think."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do people with Down Syndrome commonly share very similar physical features? | [
"This is actually pretty common with genetic disorders invovling extra chromosomal pairs. Down Syndrome is also known as trisomy-21, where there is an extra 21st chromosome, and this extra chromosome causes predictable physical characteristics. Similar things happen with other disorders, like Klinefelter syndrome."... | [
"There are many different kinds of autism and similar disabilities. Some include certain physical characteristics and some don't. For lack of a less insulting way to phrase it, there are also people that look \"normal\" and have autism and/or other kinds of disabilities. Source: I work in the field."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Medical:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Medical:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do trucks have lower RPM but pull so much, compared to sports cars that rev higher but cant pull a big load. | [
"Torque. It’s essentially about leverage and how those RPMs are used. Turning a big shaft slower is going to drive a large load, whereas turning a narrow shaft faster will provide more speed and acceleration at the cost of foot-pound strength."
] | [
"It isn't. An equal size diesel and petrol engine will produce different horsepower, and the gasoline engine will make more of it. The difference is that a large diesel engine making the same amount of horsepower as a gas engine will make loads more torque and consume less fuel. This is why trucks and tractor trail... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does rubbing your head after hitting it on something make it hurt less? | [
"I actually read somewhere the other day that the reason this helps it feel better is that the nerves in your body only take in so much so when your in pain and you rub it your overloading more nerves and instead of just direct pain your now getting a bit of pain and then the sensation of touch so it’s blocking out... | [
"Cold makes blood vessels contract. It's not really harmful, but it doesn't feel good. There are lots of blood vessels in the roof of your mouth. When they get cold it makes it feel like your head hurts. If your tongue isn't too cold when it happens you can actually press it against the roof of your mouth and it wi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does “Saving” music on the Spotify app work? Why doesn’t it take up storage capacity on the device? | [
"They are stored on the device somehow. Songs are shorter than podcasts, often about 3 minutes while a podcast could be 20 times longer. So they’ll take up less space. Depending on your settings, the podcast app might download a whole season, or download each new episode as it’s released, which is another reason it... | [
"After your subscription ends, you cannot access those songs anymore. The songs are encrypted. It just enables you to listen to the songs while offline. Other services like Spotify also have this feature."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
When you’re going from awake to asleep what exactly happens to your body and your brain right when you fall asleep. | [
"From my knowledge it doesnt change quickly. You will have increased brain function in sleep, but it doesnt click on like a switch as soon as you fall asleep."
] | [
"Well, your body is shutting down for the night and switching on for the morning. Your body temperature drops slightly and a lot of your bodily functions are told to switch off. Turning everything back on takes time and energy. Sleep is your most vulnerable time whether or not you are sick."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
So assuming good conditions, do four leaf clovers have a biological advantage over their three leaf counterparts? | [
"If that were the case they would have likely become the dominant form of colver, since that's kind of how evolution works."
] | [
"Baby steps. A formless blob on the wings could be a neutral mutation, it could even be positive in some way. And then it's just a matter of the more it looks like another thing the more likely it is to survive with its camouflage pattern because predators will mistake it. Of course predators adapt to the camouflag... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do holes in trees where squirrels and birds live form, and why? | [
"Scars are formed in areas that are damaged as a tree grows. So for instance if a branch breaks off, over the years the base of that branch will slowly rot away and the tree will grow around the decaying wood. Once the dead wood fully wears away you're left with a hole in the tree where animals can nest. There are ... | [
"They eat a lot before winter to put on fat and they hibernate either in the soil or the bark of trees. When warmer temperatures come with spring and summer they become active again. Usually they also close the entrance of nests to preserve heat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How is it possible that car brakes don't lose their fricition after braking for a few times? | [
"Brake pads and rotors are designed with a lot of material, so that some can wear down as the brakes are used without requiring immediate replacement"
] | [
"Going down steep or long hills. A lower gear will allow the engine compression braking to slow the vehicle. That's important because overheated brakes lose ability to stop if the brake fluid boils."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why can't lysol kill 100% of germs instead of 99.999%. What's holding back??? | [
"They can’t make the claim that all germs are destroyed. It’s not provable that they are or would be all destroyed, so they go with as close to 100% as possible without being 100%. We see it and think all, but in an event where someone showed any bacterial existence, they can’t be shown to be wrong"
] | [
"Goldy and Sablemint are WRONG. What makes you think the ability to survive in alcohol correlates with infectious rate or toxicity, with \"danger\"? Unlike with antibiotics, There is no mechanism for bacteria to evolve an immunity to alcohol. Alcohol is like an atomic bomb for bacteria. You will kill 99.9 - 99.999%... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Science:"
} |
Why is it recommended to inhale thru your nose and exhale thru your mouth? | [
"Inhaling through your nose warms the air, humidifies the air and filters the air through your nose hairs before it gets to your lungs. Exhaling through your mouth during exercise gets the co2 out faster and lets you breathe back in quicker. No idea why it would matter routinely."
] | [
"Generally because you are sleeping with your mouth open which dries out the mucous membrane. If you don't believe me, try keeping your mouth wide open and breath in and out for an hour and tell me how your throat feels."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does cool sculpting work to freeze away fat | [
"It crystallizes fat cells which are dead once broken down. Then the dead cells get taken away by the body as waste. The amount of cells that crystallize varies, and I've heard it's not the most comfortable thing in the world. The best answer to weight loss is still exercise and a balanced diet."
] | [
"They don't do anything to make you lose weight they just temporarily squeeze the fat around into different areas and if you go too tight for too long you can cause damage to your ribs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do GPS apps factor in time stopped at red lights when calculating ETA’s? | [
"Imagine if you walked to the end of your block from your front door every single day and started counting: 1001, 1002, 1003, etc. Imagine you were also to maintain that count even if you stopped to watch a squirrel run up a tree, you stopped for your neighbor to back out of the driveway, or someone else walking to... | [
"Yes and no. Your speed is accounted for when they get the average speeds along your path. They mainly get the speeds of other mobile devices on your route to get an ETA. When data is insufficient, they’ll use posted speed limit data to factor into your ETA."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does an orange taste horrible after brushing your teeth or eating a mint? | [
"The toothpaste or mint ~~numbs some of~~ binds to the sweet receptors of your tongue. Usually an orange is mostly sweet with a hint of bitterness, but with the sweet receptors ~~numb~~ unable to bind to the sweetness of the orange, you only taste the bitterness."
] | [
"Pour a bunch of sugar on a piece of paper. Put the sugar and paper in your mouth and chew it. Once you don't taste any more sugar, spit the paper out. Do you think you just consumed some calories even though you didn't eat any paper? The answer is yes. Same concept applies to gum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What, if any, is the difference between cream and creme? | [
"The use of \"creme\" at least when referring to Oreos is a legal one. Oreo filling doesn't contain any dairy, so by FDA standards they can't call it \"cream\"."
] | [
"What color is the skin of most of the people who make and utilize those drawings? Theres your answer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the pop at the bottom of my glass get sticky but not when the glass is full? | [
"By that time most of the water has evaporated and you're left with high fructose corn syrup and the hodgepodge of additives. But I'm not a scientist..."
] | [
"If you mean after drinking from it for a bit, it's the stuff that leaves your mouth and goes into the bottle when you drink from it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do movies cost so much to make? Budgets are often in the millions. Is it the equipment? Paying the actors/crew? | [
"thousands of people involved in a single movie project. actors, filming crew, lighting crew, set building, makeup, costume, props, editing, sound, etc etc. & #x200B; even if you paid all non starring persons only ...let's say $50k, just have 20 people means you're spending $1mil. teams can be 5-10 people or hig... | [
"Almost certainly the salaries of the actors. Will Ferrel was paid $20,000,000 for Land of the Lost. Danny McBride probably got half of that. The rest of the actors combined probably got $20-30 million. So half the money went for talent. The other half went for the screenwriter(s), the director, the special effect... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does blood rush to our head when upside down, but not to our feet when we stand upright? | [
"Blood vessels, both arteries and veins have valves inside them that try to prevent reverse directional flow. These valves are stronger in the vessels moving consistently away from the Earth, arteries in your head, veins in your legs. If you flip yourself upside down, you end up getting gravity to work with these v... | [
"When you're up and about and walking around, your heart has to work against gravity to pump blood up into your face. But when you have been laying horizontal in a bed for 8 or so hours it gives blood the opportunity to \"pool\" or \"settle\" in your face, resulting in puffiness. You'll get a more extreme example o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are horses killed instead of being helped in recovery if they sustain an injury or fall sick? | [
"In order to recover from an injury like a broken leg, the horse would have to stay immobile, laying down, for a long period of time. Horses are bred to be active animals. By their own will, they would never stay idle long enough to recover. Because they would refuse to take it easy, there is a good chance they wou... | [
"It doesn't NEED to in some cases. People put horses down because they are no longer \"useful\" and rehabilitation doesn't suit their financial interests. I'm thinking specifically about race and show horses, cart mules, packing burros and forest service equines. A compassionate owner would rehab the horse. But, de... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is happening when a bruise"migrates?" | [
"Gravity can cause a bruise to \"migrate\". A bruise of the forehead can result in, after a short time, a black eye. A calf muscle bruise can appear around the ankle."
] | [
"Well a bruise is just blood under the skin. So the concentration of the blood determines the colors you see. As the body works to remove the blood the bruise gets lighter in color and eventually fades away. Source: am 30. Have had bruises."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How did I get a phone call from my phone number? | [
"the caller ID phone number that shows up is data that's sent by the caller, not the phone provider. you can literally send any phone number you want in the caller ID. lots of businesses use this legitimately to route hundreds or even thousands of outgoing calls to 1 official company phone number. think a custome... | [
"I thought this was a joke because I got the server crash page twice before getting to the comments"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do our ears get red when angry or embarrassed? | [
"The blood vessels in your face and extremities are close together and near the ‘top’ of your skin so when you get flushed or have the blood run quickly through them you appear red. Feeling angry or embarrassed would often trigger adrenaline which causes faster blood flow and redness in those areas"
] | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Health and wellness:"
} |
How does a blood test work? | [
"A blood test is a snapshot of your blood at the time it was taken, so you have to take into account the circumstances of the test. That's why you're usually instructed to fast before a blood test."
] | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do our bodies get a lot of energy and then immediately "crash" and experience fatigue after consuming high-fat and/or sugary foods? | [
"Those foods cause the pancreas to release more insulin than normal because of the sudden surge of sugars or fats, but often that amount of insulin is more than needed, thus sending your sugar balance into the negative, because not only did the recent release of insulin deal with that recent meal, it also was enoug... | [
"It's a lot easier to eat a huge amount of calories in sugar than fat. Fat is very filling and eating fattier foods will usually result in eating less total calories than eating sugary or otherwise carb heavy foods."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does everyone naturally swing their arms when they walk or run? | [
"It's a balancing technique our body employs to assist us from tipping in any specific direction. Note that your left arm goes out when your right leg does, and your right arm goes out when your left leg does. It's a balancing act. :)"
] | [
"Huh? I have this the other way around. When I sit it's all good, but when I stand and start to walk I have to hurry to the bathroom."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What anatomic function actually makes you stomach make the rumbling noise when you are hungry? | [
"Your intestines are contracting and squishing up to force food through after it's dissolved in the stomach. This makes noise because there's water and bubbles of gas all mixed in with that. When you're hungry, it's because your stomach is empty, and the vibrations from that noise sorta just shake it more than when... | [
"Because you have so much mucus flowing into your stomach you feel full and don't produce the hormones that make you feel hungry."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How did home computers go from an altaire 8800 to an apple ][ in only 2-3 years? Please more specific then just "Steve Jobs happened" | [
"In the early days, Moore's law had a far more pronounced effect. Doubling the processing power of an Altaire was a huge advancement in terms of what could be done. Doubling that a couple more times is a massive improvement in processing power compared to today where processing power has become far less important, ... | [
"You probably don't remember windows 3.1.. when windows 95 came out shit was forever changed. When win98 came out, everything wrong with win95 was fixed (for the most part). Better question- why was windows 95 so good? Edit: just to wrap this question up in three simple words.. the start menu."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
When something breaks the sound barrier. What is the visible cone shaped thing behind it? | [
"Are you talking about [this](_URL_0_)? If so, it's called a vapor cone or a shock collar. It's a cone of water vapor that can form when a plane flies at high speeds (transonic but not necessarily supersonic, although some airflow will be supersonic) through moist air. The area behind the shock wave has a low air p... | [
"As the jet moves it pushes air out of the way. The fastest the air can move out of the way is the speed of sound. So when the jet goes at the speed of sound air can’t move out of the way quick enough and builds up at the front of the jet. Once the jet goes faster than the speed of sound it leaves this build up beh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Physics:"
} |
Why is it that when you breathe your chest/stomach area rises with the inhale and falls with the exhale, but when you intentionally take a deep breathe (inhale) you suck in your stomach rather than jutting it out? | [
"To take the biggest breath you possibly can (known as a forced vital capacity breath), you have to contract the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles more forcefully. Doing this (in conjunction with other muscles used during forceful breathing) pulls the rib cage up and expands it outward and this prevents th... | [
"This actually happens pretty regularly when you're not sick. Fun trick: sit up straight, cross your wrists over your chest and tuck your fingers/hands into your armpits, then try to breathe deliberately and evenly through your nose, so that your sides expand outwards at the same rate. Do this for a minute and if y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
Why does Venus rotate opposite to every other planet? | [
"It isn't only Venus, Uranus does that too. The theory is that something big (probably another planet) hit them and sent them spinning in the 'wrong direction'"
] | [
"One solar day is the time it takes the planet to perform 1 full revolution on its axis. The real question should be why do planets revolve on their axis at different rates."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What's the difference between a "2 stroke" engine and a "4 stroke"? | [
"A 2 stroke engine does two strokes per cycle: * One stroke down to provide power as fuel is burnt * one stroke up to clear exhaust then it repeats A 4 stroke engine makes 4 strokes: * one stroke down to provide power * one stroke up to clear exhaust * one stroke down to draw in fresh fuel and air * one stroke up... | [
"Except one processor architecture is capable of doing more calculations per core per Hz than another. It's like comparing a car by specs. One has 2.0L 200hp. Another has a 3.0L 250hp. The 3.0 must be faster right? Nope not necessarily"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
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Why do people feel random pains in their body’s at random points in time? Someone mentions a scientific perspective but I need facts | [
"Your system shares neural pathways. Think of your nervous system like a multi lane highway. Some lanes for pain some for emotion. When you are very stressed you have a lot of traffic on the emotional lanes, some of it will change lanes into the pain lanes and register as pain. This can be a quick stabbing pain in ... | [
"A muscle knot is like having hiccups in your arms and legs, surprisingly, is a muscle contraction generated by virtually anything, from over-exercising to bad posture. This is the best explanation i can give right now if you have any other question just reply."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
- I just read the Titan, one of Saturn's moons literally has massive quantities of Hydrocarbons (methane, ethane) so wouldn't that help prove the theory of Abiogenic petroleum origins or confirm that life does or once existed on Titan of the origins of its Hydrocarbons are "fossil fuels"? | [
"* I meant to say \"that life does or once existed on Titan and are the sources of its\" fossil fuels\"?"
] | [
"Not all scientists believe this to be correct. Stephen Hawking even did a conference on it. On earth we are all carbon based. We require water to sustain ourselves. This is the only form of life that we know of currently so water is what we generally assume would be needed in order for life to reside elsewhere. Ni... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about science:"
} |
What is the science behind people covering their faces, shielding their eyes and so on when they are embarassed? | [
"I wonder if this goes back to the child instincts of \"If I can't see them, they can't see me\""
] | [
"I always watch their mouth instead. I find it awkward to look someone right in the eye when talking with them, feel like I'm staring."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
leaving aside medical conditions like Alzheimer's, is there any proof that so called "memory pills" actually have any benefit? | [
"Nope. There are a bunch of such products and basically no research indicating that they are effective at all. You will find this doesn't dissuade gullible people who will buy them anyway."
] | [
"Because this would show they're not working. Right now there's only a handful of drugs/supplements that can help to lose weight, and often this effect is very mild. The vast majority is just snake oil, without any real effect."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does darker skin give more protection under the sunlight? | [
"Because of a compound called melanin, which absords UV radiation before it can damage the skin. In colder climates, with lower sunlight, less melanin is required. But in hotter climates, like Africa, the sunlight is much more intense so more melanin is needed, so they have much darker skin."
] | [
"Simple answer, yes, dark skinned people do get tan. The darker the skin, the less tan a person gets from sun exposure as more UV light is reflected."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do pregnant women get morning sickness? | [
"I'm not sure there's a definitive answer, but the best guess is that it's the body's reaction to hCG, a hormone the body produces after implantation. Morning sickness is a misnomer. Sickness happens anytime, all the time, not at all, it varies from person to person."
] | [
"Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
how does regenerative brakes work ? | [
"Electrical induction. You have probably made an electromagnet out of a coil of wire around a nail and a battery in school. Electricity flowing through a conductor will form a magnetic field around the conductor, and the reverse is true as well. A magnetic field moving around a conductor will cause an electrical cu... | [
"There are thousands of types of cancer each with different causes and different treatment mechanisms What causes tumors in the lungs and tumors in the liver and tumors in the skin are all very different and treatments for them are wildly different Yes, all cancer is tumors so they have that in common, but saying o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
what is a white dwarf star made out of? | [
"To an extent it depends on the star that died. A White dwarf is essentially the exposed inerds of a sunlike star once the outer atmosphere has been cast off and nuclear fusion has ceased. What it's made of depends on it's mass and what it was last fusing before the reaction ceased. Stars begin and spend most of th... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
with regards to phone technology- what is 5G exactly? | [
"It's the fifth generation of cellular network standards that is being rolled out over the next year or two. It's not one thing, it's a lot of updates to the network infrastructure (and devices) to increase the capacity of the networks as whole, as well as an increase in the number and kinds of devices that can be... | [
"G is for Generation, different generations of cellular data transfer technology. 4G isnt even truly a new generation its more of an expansion on 3G technology. When you buy a phone it has a chip in it for data/cell service and an outdated chip will not work with the new protocols and requirements for a 4G connecti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Technology:"
} |
the difference between USB 3.0, USB 3.1, type-c and thunderbolt | [
"USB 3.1 gen 1 is a new name for what was originally USB 3.0: same exact standard. The type C connector is it's own standard for a connector, not a protocol version. It includes the ability to run 3.x versions of the USB standard, plus a few extra pins that can be used for other communication protocols, like Thund... | [
"It's only an upgraded version of the USB with more bandwidth for faster transfers. a 3.0 USB stick will go as fast as a 2.0 stick in a 2.0 female plug a 3.0 USB stick will go way faster than a 2.0 stick in a 3.0 female plug The good thing about this is the Backwards compatibility, you can still use a 2.0 stick ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it that your fingerprints stay distinct and consistent over time whilst the skin on the rest of the body changes. | [
"If I remember correctly, from a high school class I took 20 years ago, you have 7 layers of skin. Fingerprints and birthmarks, such as freckles, exist on the lower most levels. When your skin regenerates, it only regenerates the top 5 layers, but uses the 2 lowest layers as a blueprint. If I'm mistaken, someone pl... | [
"They increase the grip and durability of that surface, the rest of your skin is pretty slick. The process that your body uses to create that type of skin also blocks hair growth and disables melanin production though, so it's only done on the palms and bottoms of your feet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If an atom is mostly empty space, how are we able to touch anything, and how do atoms combine to make something solid? | [
"Everything is mostly empty space because it is made of atoms. The nature of protons, neutrons and electrons is that they can't be pushed together more than a certain amount. The reason why is \"quantum stuff\", a bit beyond ELI5, but roughly because they can't be confined into a smaller space. When the atoms of yo... | [
"> But what does an atom actually look like? It doesn't look like anything, it *can’t* look like anything. The structures are too small for visible light to distinguish. It is like trying to map out the structure of someone's face by poking it with a probe the size of a building. > Is an atom actually like a ball,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why can babies learn languages just from listening to them but not us grown up people? | [
"A babies entire brain is adapted to soak up as much about their environment as possible, perfectly geared towards replicating sounds and observing their use. Babies' brains develop in a certain region as they learn and experience more language, but by the time they are about 8 to puberty age their brain begins to ... | [
"It depends on whether the person was deaf from birth or somewhere along their life. for the question many learn to speak through speech therapy and talk knowing the vibrations of a word. for example, the difference between popcorn and noodles, notice how they have different vibrations in your throat. that pretty m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Caucasian the only racial category for white people? Is it for the sake of simplicity, or because the Caucasian hominids are the ancestors of Europeans? Why not have Italic/Slavic/Germanic etc. instead? | [
"There's no scientific basis for race at all. We're all humans and we all came from Africa. The concept of race was invented in the 16th century. Racial categories are completely arbitrary and were made up by racists, race scientists, and social darwinists. There's no science behind it at all. Using the term \"Cauc... | [
"I think a very important question to ask before answer your question OP, is when Hume says \"white\" who exactly is he referring to? Even today the term \"white\" has very different meanings depending on who or where in the world you ask. Is he referring to people of European descent only? Perhaps just Northern Eu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
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