query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
how is it decided where runaway lanes are placed on highways/interstates? | [
"Just to clarify, are you refering to emergency stopping lanes? There isn't usually a set procedure, it's often decided by risk. Steep hills are particularly dangerous, as are sections with very sharp corners."
] | [
"Freeway is a road with no intersections, only on-ramps and off-ramps. Highway is similar to a freeway, but it may have traffic lights, intersections, or other features which may slow traffic. Expressway I've heard mostly for toll versions of freeways. Although parts may be toll-free."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What's the point of including "silent letters" in words? | [
"The pronunciation of the word changes. Knight used to be pronounced: k-nigt. Spelling always lags behind how words are peonounced."
] | [
"It helps (and is also one of the subreddit rules) if you put in a little effort and try to figure out the answer yourself before asking here. Google gives a direct answer to \"what happens to RNA after translation\"."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are there so many different medications on the market right now for "moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis"? | [
"Because that’s not all that it treats. A LOT of these drugs treat basically what are side effects of an overactive immune system. Rheumatoid arthritis, plaque psoriasis, Crohn’s disease ulcerative Colitis, Ankylosing Spondylitis Etc. most are injections, so the few that are coming out are tablets or capsules becau... | [
"> Consequences are most of the diseases and conditions associated with a Western diet, which include gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, depression, autism, infertility, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. That seems sketchy, just reading the abstract..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
During World War II, how were American companies with investments in Axis countries affected? | [
"Generally speaking, they lost them. Some could be recovered to some degree after the war, but most of the Axis nations got bombed flat so there wasn't much left. Fun fact: Fanta was invented by Coca-Cola Germany during the war as imports of Coke syrup from the US were impossible. Coca-Cola regained control of the ... | [
"The enemy of my enemy is my friend. Basically Japan wanted raw materials like rubber to continue the war in China these materials were held by European colonies or being embargoed by the USA."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What causes the thyroid to fail to produce TSH besides a malfunction in the pituitary gland? | [
"First, the thyroid gland does not produce Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). It produces thyroid hormone. TSH is produced by the pituitary. Hypothyroidism can be caused either by a problem with the thyroid itself or something outside of the thyroid. As an example of the problem being outside the thyroid, if the pi... | [
"Adequate levels of leptin, released by fat, causes the hypothalamus in the brain to release gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This hormone causes the pituitary gland in the brain to release follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Both of these work in the testes/ovaries to begin sexual maturation and ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do heart surgeons keep patients' blood pumping during surgery? | [
"There’s a special machine that pumps blood in place of the heart. It has to be set up with tubes placed in specific locations in the heart or major blood vessels. There’s a person called [a perfusionist](_URL_0_) whose entire job is to run and monitor this machine."
] | [
"Yes, there is another way. It's called a cardiopulmonary bypass, and the machine basically takes over the function of the heart by pumping blood to the rest of the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Howcome the liver shot is so effective in boxing? | [
"I mean, hitting an organ not really protected by the rib cage is pretty painful, but since the liver is an important organ, the body probably focuses more on it when any damage is done to it."
] | [
"Boxing has a smaller target zone, so more hits to the same area. Especially the head. Boxing uses big fat gloves to protect your hands so you can hit full force, even when punching the head which would ordinarily break your hand. Without those gloves, they have to hit lighter. They can also hit other areas like le... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
When you’re over heating, why does it feel best to have the A/C directed on your face even though your whole body is too hot? | [
"Most answers are missing the biggest and most important reason. Sweat and water evaporation. Your head sweats far more than other areas of your body. It is also exposed to air. When applying a fan you are evaporating water off your body producing an accelerated cooling. This is why we sweat. This is why when you j... | [
"Your feet are cold, but that doesn't mean your body is cold, and the only temperature your body cares about is your core body temperature. So you made your core warmer than it likes, so it sweats, even your feet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
Why is the talking in some TV shows/movies quiet then the music at the Same level of volume as loud as a jumbo jet taking off? | [
"Audio is optimized for a multi-channel theater-quality audio system. When it's squished down to a single channel coming out crap TV speakers, a lot gets lost in translation."
] | [
"ambient noise from the environment is much louder during the day. traffic noises, people, planes, etc. In a city, anyway. Are you in a city or populated area, can you hear road noise form your tv watching space? edit, unless you mean something like, does it take time to hear quiet sounds when I move from a loud en... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does refrigeration and air conditioning work? Because in order to make something cold you need something colder. | [
"Heat flows from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. But since heat is a property of things you can create areas of high and low concentration by causing areas of high and low concentration of *those things*. So if you take a gas and compress it the temperature goes up because you are concent... | [
"When water evaporates into water vapor, it must absorb some heat from the surrounding area. If that thing is your skin, it makes you feel the sensation of cold as heat is transferring from your body into the water. Evaporation actually takes a good amount of energy to happen, which is one reason water is a great t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:"
} |
How do Electric eels produce their electric shock? How come they aren't affected by their own shocks and can they shock each other? | [
"They use specialized muscle cells that are ordered in series Connection. While a single cell is really ineffective, the series Connection leads to a Higher voltage. They shock their victims by touching them with the Tip of their head and the Tip of their Tail. The eel itself protects its vital Organs through a thi... | [
"Electricity can cause your muscles to flex uncontrollably as it may short-circuit the signals usually send via your nervous system. So it is possible to cause someone to freeze up depending on how the electrons flow through the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why can the US Military charge and convict someone of adultery like a crime? | [
"It's a law because the military has to maintain discipline in its ranks. A legal means of discouraging servicemembers fucking their battle buddys'/ shipmates' spouses is useful if honor isn't enough. Additionally, the military pays people differently if they have kids, so having a kid from an adulterous relationsh... | [
"As a service member you fall under the UCMJ and are tried by Court-Martial for violating it. You can still be charged in civilian courts for other crimes, and in some cases both. Treason is, I believe, the only way a court-martial will end in execution."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do you have to buy a domain name? And who are you buying it from? | [
"When you buy a domain name, you're not actually *buying* a name, per se. What you're doing is paying a registration fee to ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) through a *domain registrar,* who are jointly responsible for adding your domain name and your web host's IP address to the primary ... | [
"You register a domain for a certain period of time. What stops you from taking my domain from me is a key code that I have to get from my registrar that prevents transferring the domain from my registrar to yours."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do gloves, as an example, not work with the touchscreen on my smartphone, but a banana peel does? | [
"The banana can conduct electricity as it contains water, the glove can’t. That’s why some gloves have little bits of wire woven into the tips of the fingers to allow electricity to flow."
] | [
"It's basically a camera. As long as it can see your thumbprint, it can detect the patterns that make it unique. If you covered it in a black trash bag it would stop working."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Technology:"
} |
How come airplane passengers don't have shoulder harnesses like pilots do? | [
"Turbulence can and has killed people on flights without their seat belts on, by throwing them into the ceiling when the plane suddenly descends or gets thrown around. Up and down motions are to be avoided. Whilst violent forward and back motions are also to be avoided, they are usually only caused by impacts eith... | [
"If you're not tall enough, the safety restraints won't hold you in place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does bleach remove colour from material? | [
"bleach is a highly reactive oxidation chemical that basically destroys the molecules responsible for coloring as far as I know"
] | [
"To the best of my knowledge, this is just marketing buzz words to get people to buy your product. All dye does is color your hair, the same way brown paint will color an object brown."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why the hell do we yawn? | [
"We don't know. There's a ton of hypotheses, from brain cooling to nervous system stimulation to ear pressure, and none of them really seem to explain yawning adequately. My personal favorite is that it's an unconscious social signal, meant to communicate ... something ... to our fellow humans. One thing it definit... | [
"Also, why does it make me want to yell sometimes?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
From the art to the voice acting, how are animated TV shows (Family Guy, Rick and Morty, etc.) made? Is each individual frame drawn like a flip book? | [
"Not so much anymore. A lot of modern shows use digital puppets and asset replacement to change characters' facial expressions. Just look how lazy and boring looking modern Simpsons and Family Guy are. Animation reuse, of course, goes way back. Look at old He-man episodes to see some really blatant examples."
] | [
"Yes, they use to draw every single frame of animation. Sometimes they would use templates so that they only had to draw the main characters motions and not have to draw the stationary backgrounds every frame. Not sure how animation techniques developed but I know that they use to take the drawings, colorize them, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do our lungs clean themselves from all the particles of dust, smoke etc that inevitably end up in them through decades? | [
"The branches of tubes in your lungs are lined with tiny cilia that also are covered in a layer of mucous. Dust and other particles that pass the nose and mouth get stuck in the mucous and the cilia are constantly moving it up and out of the lungs. Read this: _URL_0_"
] | [
"You breath through your nose. You produce mucus to trap bacteria and other harmful things. When you get sick or get an infection your body produces more mucus to try even harder to keep bad stuff out while your body tries to deal with the problem already there. Extra fun fact everyone on average produces 1.5 liter... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does tickling work? | [
"IIRC, basically it’s surprise stimulus to the body, which reacts with sudden jerking movements in an effort to “get away” from the stimulus. notice if you try and tickle yourself, even on the most vulnerable parts (ribs, feet, armpits), it never works. this is because your body is anticipating the stimulus since Y... | [
"Can you not get an erection in space?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is that high frequency sound I am always hearing when it is completely silent? | [
"It's called tinnitus. _URL_0_ Enjoy hearing those frequencies, they're there to stay from now on. You have hearing damage."
] | [
"It's because the ambient noise (the background noise) is much lesser at night unless you're living in a busy place 24/7. Having a lesser ambient noise makes your hearing concentrate to lesser sound source and that includes the TV audio. With less ambient noise, you can hear the smallest sounds like the buzzing of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do machinery such as diggers transfer power to the tracks or wheels when the top half spins? | [
"Caterpillar trained mechanic here. Modern era excavators do have hydraulically powered tracks, along with all the other moving parts. The engine is only there to provide power to the hydraulic pumps. There is a component called a rotary manifold that allows the hydraulic fluid to flow through multiple separate gal... | [
"A gear system interacts with wheels that bite into rails on the ground. When you turn the handle, the wheels are deliberately rotated (but cannot be turned by someone shoving the shelf). The system is easy to use because A: the gear system means a single rotation on your end results in many on the wheel end and B:... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why is touching a butterflies wings bad? What is the "dust" on their wings that makes them fly? | [
"Butterflies have mini scales (that dust you mentioned) on their wings, they are strengthening their fragile wings so they won't tear, by touching them you \"scrape\" those scales off and you make their wings membrane vulnerable to injuries. Worth mentioning that those scales can't regrow"
] | [
"The fly's body slowly dissolves in liquids secreted by the plant. Same thing would happen to a finger. Seems like a pretty gruesome way to die."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the differences between edible and inedible oils? | [
"Oils which we can eat all have a very specific structure: They consist of one molecule called \"[glycerol](_URL_0_)\", attached to that are three molecules of so called \"[fatty acids](_URL_1_)\". These fatty acids by themselves are similar to mineral oil in structure, with one important difference: They have two ... | [
"How much fat, protein and carbohydrates are there in water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is the feeling of "butterflies" in your stomach meant to be and what actually causes it? | [
"Similar to fight or flight when you see something that'd give you the butterflies, like a crush, you're body starts releasing adrenaline and cortisol. This raises your heart rate and your body sends the blood to your legs and whatnot and away from your digestive organs. This \"draining\" causes the butterflies fee... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and wellness:"
} |
Why does a brand new computer go form lightning fast processing to the eventual slow and sluggish processing? | [
"This is a little too complicated to answer easily. . . Buuuut. . . What causes the slowness isn't actually anything related to it's processor. It is related to a different bottleneck, and that's your storage. A hard disk drive has always been compared to a file cabinet. Imagine that you are the OS, and you're get... | [
"You have to wait for your shitty software to boot up, it's just like a rickety windows 95 computer wheezing into life."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is the Bash computer language? What’s a shell? | [
"A shell is a general term for a user interface. Any and every operating system can be considered a shell, be it Mac, Windows, or any of the many flavors of Linux. Bash, in addition to being a shell in its own right, is also a scripting language for that shell: not precisely a programming language in its own right,... | [
"Please clarify what sort of operating systems you think there were before programming existed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can the human body better hold in urine for hours while asleep, but not when awake? | [
"We actually have differences in functional bladder capacity during the day vs. at night. There is a protein (connexin43) that regulates this and it changes according to our biological clock ."
] | [
"That is what they are adapted to do. It is like asking how fish can swim all the time or how whales can hold their breath for so long. The stress of being used for what they do isn't something difficult for nipples to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What keeps ceiling fire sprinklers from leaking/going off accidentally all the time? | [
"Fire sprinklers are triggered by heat. Most types use a glass bulb filled with liquid (when the liquid heats and expands the bulb shatters). Another uses two soldered plates (when the solder melts the plates are pushed apart). This mechanism requires much higher heat than would be seen during normal day-to-day lif... | [
"Every time I've had gas turned on (only been when moving) they've had to have the person come out to make sure things like the oven and water heater weren't leaking gas , and made sure I had all my pilot lights lit before leaving. Turning the gas on remotely could cause a gas leak in your house because none of you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do our noses run when it’s cold? | [
"It's your body putting out fluids to keep the air you're breathing at a safe level of humidity and moisture for your lungs. If the air is too dry, your lungs can get damaged and prone to infection. When it's cold, the air gets drier, so your nose may start running to help keep the air moist. Of course - colds are ... | [
"You're sneezing because something is irritating your nasal passages, not the other way around."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the sound a kettle makes, slowly decrease in frequency (high to low), the closer it gets to the boil? | [
"Looks like it's related to what is happening with bubbles! \"There are three phenomena that occur before vigorous boiling of water that produce sound. 1) Air dissolved in water on heating forms small air bubbles at the bottom of the container. These air bubbles get released from the bottom of the container on rea... | [
"It's just like a flute or a slide whistle. You have a tube and a vibration that travels through it caused by all the splashing and as you fill the tube with water, the distance the vibration has to bounce around gets smaller and smaller which means it creates sound of a shorter wavelength, which we perceive as a h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why nothing happens to an airplane due to lightnings? It is so easy to assume airplanes themselves would discharge charges to cause lightnings. I would like to know the mechanism that works to keep an airplane safe. Ty. | [
"It's called a Faraday cage:The conductive outer layer guides the electrical current along the outside of the plane whilst the insulative layer on the inside prevents the electrical current from getting in. & #x200B; Lightning will typically strike a sharp edge of the plane, such as the nose or wingtips, and exit ... | [
"I'm not really an expert but I know sound doesn't travel indefinitely. And the speed of sound isn't really that fast. So basically that lightning is too far away for the sound to travel to you. There could also be other reasons I'm unaware of, for instance I have no idea if a lightning strike on the ground and a c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what's the difference between "homo sapiens" and "homo sapiens sapiens" | [
"*Homo sapiens* is the Latin name for our species, consisting of the generic name *Homo* and the specific name *sapiens*. The additional *sapiens* you sometimes see is a subspecies name. There isn't really any strict scientific definition for subspecies, and frankly they are used pretty inconsistently for different... | [
"Sure. If each group found a niche in which it could succeed, then it's absolutely possible, in the future, for *Homo sapiens sapiens* to split into *Homo sapiens sapiens* [nerds] and *Homo sapiens athleticus* [jocks] or whatever."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
how do smartphones maintain their touchscreen capabilities with a glass/plastic screen protector? | [
"Most modern smartphones have a capacitive touchscreen. Very simply put, this means that there is a very minute electrical charge on the touchscreen. As the human body is conductive, this will cause electricity to leak away. The location of the touch is then determined by comparing the voltage change in each corner... | [
"Because a touch screens use case involves touching, it needs to be durable. Glass is stiff thus able to spread pressure evenly (you could kill/damage the pixes of an lcd if you push on them hard enough). They also need to be resistant to scratches, plastic screens have been used on plenty of devices but they scrat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the differences between whores, sluts, and hoes? | [
"A whore will have sex with anyone for money, because they do it for a job. A slut will have sex with anyone for free, because they do it for fun. A hoe will only have sex with people who have money or some perceived status, but they do it for free."
] | [
"All prostitutes are sex workers, but not all sex workers are prostitutes. Prostitutes perform sex acts with the general public in exchange for money, goods, or services. Sex workers just work in the sex industry generally, and can be cam girls, prostitutes, pornographic actresses, etc. Escorts are girls or guys wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Watching the House Judiciary Committee - why, when the chairman asks the reason to pass to another speaker, do they say "Strike the last word" and the Chairman responds "Time to the x speaker"? | [
"It's using a procedural rule to get time to speak. Essentially it's introducing an amendment to the bill being debated in committee (i.e. getting rid of the last word) and per the rules, the member introducing the \"amendment\" gets five minutes to present it. Of course, they don't formally introduce anything, as ... | [
"It is a way of the reporter providing more sense & context to what they're saying without putting words into their mouth. For example, say a quote is taken as so: \"The governor said he would not further discuss the issues to him.\" might be transformed by the reporter to: \"The governor said he would not further ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does eating a big meal and feeling “full” make you want to take a nap? | [
"Parasympathetic nervous system is unregulated to increase the efficiency of the digestion and down regulate the body activities that need metabolic pathways to function. ELIF: the body knows when it has eaten lots of food and to put the food away on its shelves faster, it makes you tired. If you go to sleep, it pu... | [
"Coffee does nothing except keep you alert for a bit and in one place while you drink it. It actually will make your hang over worse, because caffeine is a dieretic as well as alcohol. Fun fact: if you feel as if you're going to vomit after a night of drinking, or feel full, you can drink a cup of water without ge... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do solar panels convert heat to electricity. | [
"They don't convert heat to electricity, they convert light to electricity, and they do so by the [photoelectric effect](_URL_0_). Basically, when a photon with enough energy hits the right kind of atom, it can knock an electron loose, which can then be used for electricity."
] | [
"nuclear fuel rods heat water, steam turns a turbine. they are very basic, no need to complicate it more than need be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When underwater while wearing a watch, why does the face suddenly become suddenly reflective at a certain angle instead of see through. | [
"This is the phenomenon of [total internal reflection.](_URL_1_) As you probably know, light refracts, or bends, when it goes from one transparent material to another, like air to water, water to glass, etc. The angle the light makes with the surface depends on the speed of light in the material. When going from a ... | [
"Your mirror has 2 layers. The back layer is a full mirror. When you flip it down it reflects downward out of your sight (unless you lean down to your right and you can see the full brightness lights again). The front layer stays still and reflects a certain percentage of light while letting the rest through. Much ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does E= mc^2 really mean? | [
"a way this is used is when some kinds of elements which are radioactive like some kinds of uranium releases radiation. This radiation comes in 3 forms. Well only talk about one form that is gamma radiation. When uranium radiates gamma radiation, this gamma radiation has no mass but it was observed that the uranium... | [
"'Twas oft asked here. Ye may enjoy these: 1. [ELI5: if matter can't be created or destroyed, how does matter currently exist? Isn't the existence of matter already breaking that law? ](_URL_5_) 1. [ELI5: If energy can't be neither created nor destroyed. How did it came into existence? ](_URL_2_) 1. [ELI5: where di... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why can't automakers sell direct to consumer? Wouldn't that be way cheaper? | [
"Cars came around in an era where there were significant concerns about \"vertical integration.\" The concern is that an automaker can undercut another retailer that sells their product and drive them out of business. So some states passed laws against them doing just that. Those laws are specifically tied to cars ... | [
"Would the automobile market improve if GM forgave its debtors? After all, they'd have more money to buy cars. Seems kinda silly, right?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can fish swallow an entire fish alive without damaging their internal organs? | [
"Just like how snakes can swallow significantly larger prey by expanding their ribs, catfish can expand their stomach to allow for a prey roughly its own size. The intestines that are located partially under the stomach are simply pushed aside and to the back when the stomach expands."
] | [
"It cannot actually swallow you. The opening that connects the Humpback's mouth to the stomach is no bigger than a grapefruit. More interestingly, the Humpback whale has a tongue the size of a volkswagen bug."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
. Why do coffee brewers reccomend cold, purified water when it's just going to make the water hot and filtered through the beans anyway? | [
"Well for one, hot water generally comes from hot water tanks. Try running a hot tap for a bit, filling a glass, cooling it, and comparing the taste of the formerly hot water to the taste of water that came from the cold tap. It's going to look and taste a bit funky. Why? When you put a bunch of water in a tank for... | [
"Coffee is made much like tea, allowing coffee grounds to steep in water. Aeropress forces hot water through the grounds and a disposable filter. It's kinda like a hybrid between drip coffee and espresso. Pour-over is exactly what it sounds like. Hot water poured over grounds and a coffee filter. You get the idea.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Language and culture:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Language and culture:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Molten Salt Nuclear Reactors | [
"Well, no one has answered yet... So I'll try to explain it: To put it simply. An MSR uses salt instead of water to transfer thermal energy. However, instead of having fuel rods like in traditional nuclear reactors, the uranium fuel is mixed in with the salt. This creates an inherently stable reactor, as when the h... | [
"High Crime + Dwindling Population + Crumbling Infrastructure + Diminishing Jobs = Perceived Shithole."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is pancreatic cancer so deadly? Can’t the pancreas just be removed completely? | [
"One answer is we only find pancreatic cancer after it has spread. Yes, a surgery can be properly curative but that is very uncommon."
] | [
"HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) attacks your immune system. It attacks the part of you that fights off diseases. Diabetes is a congenital condition. It is something determined by your genes. Diabetes is when your body does not make enough of this stuff called insulin. We would have to change the way your cells wo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about medicine:"
} |
What happens when a country goes bankrupt? | [
"All those people who loaned the country money before? Yeah, they get really sad. Then they tell their friends, and nobody wants to loan that country money anymore."
] | [
"In which countries is it even done this way, except the US?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
chord inversions on guitar | [
"That's because the chord is determined by the individual notes that make it up. A Cmajor chord has the notes C, E, and G, and that's true whether you're playing an open C chord, any alternative fingerings, or any barred C chord. If you play a normal open C chord on a guitar, you're playing 5 strings, and the notes... | [
"Related: what happened to the similar but different term Lakonia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How is the sound produced when you snap with your fingers? | [
"It's the middle finger hitting the meaty part of your hand below the thumb. & #x200B; A good illustration is to use the middle finger of one hand on the thumb of the other (so it's easy to miss the rest of your hand when it slips) & #x200B; It's also helped by the shape of your hand. Try snapping your finger wit... | [
"It is the easiest sound you can make with your mouth full."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do some vitamin supplements provide thousands of % of your daily value? | [
"Not all vitamins can be absorbed 100%, and for the water soluable ones like the B vitamins, there's no real harm in putting a lot in. B12 in particular is very hard for the body to absorb, so you'll often see very high amounts. A and D on the other hand are usually lower, as the body can store those."
] | [
"Yes and No. If you have a deficiency, you should take a supplement. That being said, most supplements contain WAAAAY more nutrients than your body can actually process. Those multi-vitamins you see that say \"6,000% of your vitamin C daily allowance\" are a gimmick. Your body cannot process that much Vitamin C an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
how would pilots operating from carriers in ww2 navigate at sea when there are no reference points? | [
"Everyone who was flying would have a magnetic compass, a watch, and navigational charts to let them figure out where they were. Regardless of if you had a navigational guy to do it for you or not, someone had to figure out the way to fly. If there is only one pilot then it was them who did it."
] | [
"Easier to send signals through air than water, field of vision is much higher in the air then in the water, existing infrastructure (airfields) to fuel/service drones over land (none in the middle of the ocean), and last but most importantly, there is nothing \"dangerous\" to be watched and/or bombed in the middle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Is there any one food that's nutritious enough for a human to survive indefinitely eating only that food? | [
"Potatoes. The caveat is you'd probably need at least two types of potatoes (white potatoes + sweet potatoes) to work. They have the necessary carbs, fats, and proteins as well as some minor but necessary nutrients like Vitamin K. Unfortunately you'd run into some issues with certain vitamin and mineral deficienci... | [
"There is no such thing as healthy or unhealthy foods. There are healthy and unhealthy *diets*, and if a diet is healthy or not depends on the person and their activity. For example the person who eats 3500 calories a day that are high in protein and fat yet is a bodybuilder may be eating a healthy diet while the o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is the use of self-checkouts considered anti-labour, or "killing" jobs, when businesses must keep with the advancement of technology to stay competitive? | [
"I don't use self checkouts because i have a job, and it isn't working in a supermarket for free."
] | [
"Because that would require training, expertise, and a generally higher wage for the employees. The employees generally aren't going to educate themselves outside of work b/c they're not paid enough or given enough reason to take any pride in what they do. So since the company would have to pay for employees to hav... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What are babies seeing and thinking? How do we know this? | [
"A lot of it has to do with experiments based on attention. The more they are interested in something, the more relevant it must be to them. By designing clever experiments, you can figure out what they must be thinking. For example, babies under a certain age lack something called object permanence. If you hide so... | [
"Babies don't dream (at least the way we dream) as far as I know. When they enter REM sleep their brains are continuing to develop pathways and language perception abilities. Their brains are growing instead of dreaming. Dreams as we know them don't start to occur until around 5-6 years old."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do mathematicians find so many digits of pi and how? | [
"We know of various infinite sequences of numbers which get closer and closer to pi as you add on more terms of the sequence. In principle you can just keep working on one of those sequences and find as many digits of pi as you like. There's little practical purpose for calculating so many digits. NASA plans interp... | [
"Starting with just the counting numbers (1,2,3...), everything is easy But then subtraction comes along and people say, what happens when you take a bigger number from a smaller number? So we invent negative numbers. Then, later we start using division, it's mostly ok, but what happens when we divide two numbers t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does sword swallowing work? | [
"They're not sharp. You just train not to barf and insert them carefully in your esophagus. Also learn to stand up real straight."
] | [
"What does the Pope handle on a day to day basis?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is actually happening when a drink 'goes down the wrong way'? | [
"You’re choking, in a nutshell. We have an epiglottis that regulates which things go down which tube. If you inhale anything other than air into your lungs, you will choke. If you swallow something, it goes down the esophagus and into the stomach. Sometimes our biological shit messes up and things go sideways becau... | [
"If food is in your tummy when your body realizes it's poison, it goes out your mouth. If it's closer to your butt when it realizes it's poison, it goes out your butt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are there crushed stones along the railroad tracks? | [
"That's *ballast*, and it helps keep the rails and ties in place so the train goes smoothly on the track. It also helps to drain water away."
] | [
"The tunnels don't go through the water but through the ground under the water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are we (for the most part) dominant in one hand and not the other? | [
"We simply don't need 2 hands for most tasks. Focusing on one handed tasks builds fine motor skills in that hand, which offers quite a few benefits over being able to do things with 2 hands. & #x200B; ELI5: There isn't a benefit of being able to use chopsticks with either hand but there is a huge benefit from bein... | [
"It's not so much that there's a benefit to most people being right handed, as it is that there's a benefit to some people being left handed. I think the going theory is it's to do with fighting. You're at an advantage as a left fighting someone who's use to always fighting righties."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:"
} |
Probability and chances? | [
"Think of it like flipping a coin. You're chances of heads vs tails is always 50/50. Your concept is imagining you've just flipped 99 heads in a row, what are the odds you flip heads again? Intuitively, it seems very low because what are the odds of flipping heads 100 times in a row? But what you really be asking ... | [
"Same difference between color and colour. Continent-based spelling differences."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how does a pay-to-play pool table release the cue ball when its sunk? | [
"As the balls return to the storage compartment under the table, they cross a weigh-bridge. Heavy enough to tilt the lever and the ball goes into the reservoir. The cue ball is lighter than the rest and goes across the bridge to the cue ball compartment."
] | [
"You need to put English in it. That is, you need to nudge the table so the ball doesn't run straight down the lane. The art is in being to do this without bumping the table so hard that you trip the tilt sensor and lose your ball."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
how do bugs and insects keep coming back after the winter? | [
"There's a bunch of different ways. Some critters, like frogs, have high levels of glucose in their blood, which acts like a natural anti freeze. They also burrow to avoid the harsh elements. Insects can produce alcohols that essentially does the same thing. Bees will huddle together in the hive and buzz together ... | [
"The same way that a bacteria a trillionth your size can destroy or harm you. The moths nest in the tree, eat leaves, damage parts, and then make little baby moths that do even more damage."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are main disks in our computer called C: by default and not A:? | [
"The a: and c: nomenclature come from IBM PC and MSDOS. In those early PC, there was one or two drives: floppy drives. They were the primary persistent memory. The first floppy drive was a:. The second one was b: Later on hard drives became an option and were thought of as an accessory after the main floppy drives... | [
"Memory in a computer does not get deleted. Memory refers to the physical hardware that stores data, there are several different types of memory, RAM, HDD, cache, SSD. I assume that you didn't mean what you asked, could you please elaborate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does an air fryer works? | [
"An “air fryer” is just another name for a table top sized convection oven. Instead of immersing your food in hot oil, the fryer blasts your food with superheated air."
] | [
"Do you know how a fan works? If so just turn it around"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do you know what good poetry sounds like? | [
"First, there's alot of cliches and tropes repeated words and phrases can get overbearing Sometimes amateur poets will find a technique and go too far (rhyming, alliteration, etc) The overall message of the poem. Is it engaging? Is there imagery and metaphor in the poem? If anyone who enjoys poetry were to read th... | [
"Your brain has no idea what death feels like."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:"
} |
Why is fountain soda the norm in US restaurants, while restaurants in (much of) Europe serve it in individual bottles or cans? | [
"Soda drinks were developed and popularized in the US. The US had Puritan traditions (see Kellogg corn flakes) that influenced diet. Because of these consumption of alcohol, beer, wine was seen as bad (see prohibition). The US didn't have a cafe culture. This left a void. Where could young people go to socialize? T... | [
"Beer will go flat sooner in plastic bottles, as it is much more porous (microscopically) than glass. By the way, beer is commonly sold in plastic bottles in places like ball parks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does it seem like thunderstorms happen more frequently at night than during the day? | [
"Thunderstorms are driven by heat and moisture. Thunderstorms generally form when the sun's heat evaporates water raising both the moisture content and the temperature of the air. When conditions are right this leads to most thunderstorms forming in the mid to late afternoon. If they are large enough they can persi... | [
"In Fall we return to normal time. So really the point of daylight savings time is to give us extra sun in the summer. If there was no daylight savings time, sundown would be at 7 instead of 8 in the months of June, July, August. Etc. I always thought it would make sense to have daylight savings all the time due to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does the media and people put importance or make a deal when talking about the royal family. | [
"Because if we are all paying attention to that we aren't paying attention to the real problems in the world"
] | [
"Whether right or wrong I wont get into, but it is their way of showing their dissatisfaction with the country."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is the Imposter Syndrome? | [
"its where you think you are never good enough at anything you do. that your just pretending to do it and at any moment people will realize you dont know anything about your job"
] | [
"Side 1 - For Vaccines: -Science Side 2 - Against Vaccines: -Paranoid idiocy"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
when you go to a different country you exchange money from your country with this country's money. What is done with thr money from your country? | [
"The same thing we did with the money except reversed. So instead of exchanging to their money on arrival, they exchange it back to people leaving."
] | [
"If countries don't have an established currency then they will use another countries currency. For example Ecuador uses US dollars. So they don't print their own currency, they use accept USD. Or even places like the British Virgin Islands. They are a Brittish overseas territory, but they use US Dollars. About 80... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is the difference between asperger autism and psychopathy? | [
"Asperbergers is often coined as \"high functioning\" autism, but truth is autism is a spectrum, I've worked with some people who have autism that are non verbal, can't even get dressed themselves in the morning, and then some people who have no issues doing normal tasks but will have struggles in social situations... | [
"Neither Down Syndrome or Autism are mental illnesses. Could you clarify what you mean by this question? Do you mean disorders such as Down Syndrome or Autism, or mental illnesses, more along the lines of depression or schizophrenia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
UEFA Champions League. | [
"It's not really a league, it's a cup. Couple of groups, 2 teams from each qualify to the knockout stages where each match has 2 legs(home and away) until the final. It runs along side all the European top league's."
] | [
"The Art of War in the Western World - Archer Jones"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Education:"
} |
Does carbonated water act as a better solvent than regular tap water? Why? | [
"Carbonated water is more acidic. Carbonated water is made by adding a lot of Carbon Dioxide to Water. The Carbon Dioxide combines with Water to make Carbonic Acid."
] | [
"Gasses dissolve more in colder water than hotter water. Solids on the other hand dissolve more in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Chemistry:"
} |
Why, in the winter, does setting the heating to 70 mean I spend the day freezing (despite wearing long sleeves/pants); as we approach summer the a/c is set to cool at 70 and I’m sweating under my t-shirt. | [
"My thermodynamics teacher told me that it was due to radiation heat transfer from the walls/outside being much less during winter than during summer, meaning your body actually receives less heat even at the same room temperature"
] | [
"In most cases \"hot in winter\" in far colder that \"hot in summer\" With the heater on and the fireplace on, the temperature will be between 25 and 30°C. In summer at 2AM, you're fine if it's only 25°C you have a problem when it's 40°C"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that I start coughing when using cotton buds to rinse my ears? | [
"Your ears, nose and throat are all connected. Hence why ENT is a specific discipline for doctors."
] | [
"Use wipes with a bit of water on. Don't jam the wipes into your ear, just swipe around the entrance to your ear canal. If you want to clean the inner ear because of too much wax, you can use some special liquid or salt water and use a syringe/rubber pump to gently clean out the inner ear. The special liquid will ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Health and wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does "restoring anticavity fluoride rinse" work? | [
"Fluoride ions bind to enamel and turn hydroxyapatite into fluoroapatite. Fluoroapatite is much more resilient to acids and a low pH environment. Therefore bacteria cannot thrive and demineralize the tooth."
] | [
"You are removing bacteria and bacteria attracting substances so that they dont settle and form plaque and carries. Its a physical process, which is why 2 minutes is recommended. Toothpastes also have fluoride which may help preserve enamel"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does trade between countries work in terms of currency? If Country A buys millions of dollars worth of commodities from Country B, how do they pay? Do they give them cash? Gold? Bank transfer? | [
"Think of countries as regular companies for this case. Countries don't really buy things - it's state companies that are run (more or less) like private companies, think of train networks requiring trains, power grids require generators, water networks needing pumps, etc. - when they buy something - and it doesn'... | [
"> Why would 1 US Dollar be worth something more or less in other countries I'm not sure I understand this part of your question but I think I can answer your second question. A currency gains value because people want to buy it. A currency loses value because people want to sell it. But, that begs the question, w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How can a school take and destroy student property? | [
"How to do it legally: 1) Inform the parents that their child will be suspended for breaking school rules, but suggest that if they contribute to a demonstration of what happens when you bring Pokemon cards to school it won't even go on the kid's record. 2) Have the parents happily accept that their property will... | [
"Because children also have access to the internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How and why do singers and radio hosts use headphones? | [
"For live performances, the sound from the speakers facing the crowds will bounce off the back wall of the venue and return to hit the singer/band's ears a split-second later. This messes up their timing. It's very difficult to sing/play when the stuff you're outputting comes back to your ears on a delay. To get re... | [
"There's a specific method you can use to make that sound which doesn't destroy your throat (as much). They get coaching from professionals in order to do it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about music:"
} |
If mirrors are surfaces that don't absorb any color on the spectrum, what color are they ? | [
"Objects that are white also reflect everything, but they look white because the surface is rough and they scatter the light. Mirrors on the other hand (and things like smooth polished metal) maintain the angles of the incoming light, so you can see things reflected. So, mirrors don't really have a colour, but if y... | [
"Colour is typically just the light that is reflected rather than absorbed by an object. Pigments are used in paints and so they absorb the wave lengths of light that you don't want to see. More rarely, structure is able to produce a colour that is different from what the material is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If a point has zero dimensions, how does it exist? | [
"A point is a mathematical entity - in other words, an idea - so it exists in our minds. All that \"has no dimensions\" means here is just \"has no size\". A point has one or more coordinates, however, which describe its location in the space in which the point exists (on a curve or a surface, in a volume, or in a ... | [
"Basically you can think of a dimension as just an axis with values. The further away from an imaginary starting point, the higher the value. In geometry (and understanding of space) we use spatial dimensions to get coordinates of an object for example, but duration would go on a spatial dimension, and nothing forb... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why people still buy iPhones even if Android phones are useable and cheap? | [
"Lol you ready for this. You ain't ready for this. And I'll join by saying more users on reddit are android users."
] | [
"Because an outdated OS version is a potential threat to security. If you're no longer receiving patches, you can be targeted by new exploits. People are essentially blackmailed to buy a new phone even when the old phone's hardware is fully functional. There's nothing except high end games that an old S4, or even S... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does our brain occasionally fail at simple tasks that it usually does with ease, for example, forgetting a word or misspelling a simple word? | [
"You mean a brain fart? According to science, brain farts are due to your brain having an issue retrieving a memory. Your brain is lazy by nature and will take any chance to take some \"rest\" even if you don't really want it. You see, the more you get used to do something and it becomes a habit, the less you beco... | [
"For the same reason you don't forget how to write your name, walk, open a door, or flip a coin. Muscle memory is very long-lived for repetitive and simple tasks; it's why you can walk from point A to point B without even thinking about it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Cognitive psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Cognitive psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why can we not hear anything when we yawn? | [
"You ears nose and throat are all connected. When you yawn you stretch your jaw and that physically moves your ears out of position and plugs them up meanwhile. Edit jaw for mouth."
] | [
"And why do I have the urge to cough when using them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that people have pale skin on their palms and the soles of their feet no matter what colour their skin is on the rest of their bodies? | [
"That type of skin is called \"volar\" skin. It's simply exposed to less sunlight, which is what our skin pigmentation protects us from."
] | [
"> is there a difference between pimples on the forehead or chin or cheeks? Not really. A pimple is pretty much a pimple, no matter where it is. There are certainly other kinds of skin lesion, to be sure, but those too are what they are no matter where they occur, e.g., blackheads aren't pimples, but a blackhead on... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
What makes plastic recyclable? | [
"It also depends on what country you live in. Something being recycleable doesn't necessarily mean it gets recycled, it just doesn't go into the landfill. Case in point: k-cups are now recyclable, but they're recycled right into an incinerator."
] | [
"Not all plastic is created equally! Different types require different recycling processes to reclaim the material. Your lid may be a different plastic to your bottle and your local recycling centre only has capacity for the bottle plastic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are most laptops with a 4K display touch-screen? | [
"Being 4k AND touchscreen is in no way related to each other technically. The feature of being 4k resolution is currently a \"premium\" feature. Most laptops that have this feature also have the \"premium\" feature of having a touchscreen. Think of buying a car with all the features, if it has a sunroof, it probabl... | [
"Computer monitors use a higher resolution than televisions, until you get to a true 4K television display, and of course those televisions cost more than computer monitors. Edit: There are 4K computer monitors, but I don't believe there are any 4K televisions that currently share the same size to give a fair price... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do humans cover their mouths with their hands when they're shocked/surprised/sad? | [
"Not everyone does, it's (generally) a habitual learned behavior response when opening one's mouth so as not to be impolite in social settings."
] | [
"A lot of people use laughter as a defense mechanism when they're uncomfortable or in pain (physically or mentally)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Are tropical forests poor or rich in nutrients and what effect does deforestation have on the underlying soil? | [
"what i learned in school is that the soil is, in a way, ‚too deep‘. because of the constant influx of biological material there is a really thick layer of super fertile hummus and the clay layers are buried deep down. once the trees ate gone this fluffy layer is washed out quickly, to the point that the nutrients ... | [
"The wood used for paper tends to be from sustainable forests that are primarily soft-wood. These trees tend to grow to their final height in 10-25 years. Deforestation in the Amazon and Borneo (just two examples) are of old-forest and hard-wood trees that take much longer to grow and sustain a much higher amount o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
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What stops software companies (ex: social media) facing monopoly/break up concerns from moving overseas and continuing to operate? | [
"If a foreign company wants to do business in America, then they have to follow American anti-trust laws. There's nothing stopping Microsoft from picking up and moving to Botswana, but if they want to sell Windows in the US then they still have to follow US laws."
] | [
"They aren't a monopoly. I can reasonably get access to similar products and services from other companies. There isn't really anything Amazon does that forces me to use them exclusively so they aren't viewed as anti-competitive. Big companies aren't broken up because of their size. They are broken up because they... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do electric car manufacturers use lots of batteries wired together instead of one big one? | [
"Multiple points of failure and easier/cheaper replacement costs. If you have 50 batteries, but only REQUIRE 40 for the car to run that means 10 of those batteries can fail before the car actually starts having issues, but if the one big battery breaks, the whole car is just dead until you get it fixed."
] | [
"Cost effectiveness and battery capacity are the reasons — specifically cost effectiveness of manufacturing batteries with decent energy densities and output profiles. It's *possible* today to build a lithium ion battery that will last for decades without significantly degrading in performance and a high energy den... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do jewel wasp larvae (or other endoparasitoids) know how to consume a host to keep it alive as long as possible? | [
"We don't know for sure, but most likely it's due to natural selection. The ones that figured out the right order were able to reproduce more than the ones that couldn't. Over time, that trait was selected more favorably."
] | [
"A lot of parasites never live anywhere besides a host or their byproducts. Many worms are passed through feces into a body where they live until their progeny is passed in feces and the cycle continues. Ticks and other blood suckers need a host to get food, but just as you don't need to live at a restaurant, they ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is meant by "restaurant style" or "cantina style" on a bag of tortilla chips? | [
"It means \"We think you will be more likely to buy these specific chips, and/or even pay more money for them if we use a term like \"Restaurant\" or \"Cantina\" because it sounds fancier\". tldr - Marketing Edit: typo"
] | [
"Because they make food with cheap ingredients. In general the price of your meal is 4-6 times the cost of the ingredients to make it. Mexican food uses cheap cuts of meat (often scrap meats), rice, and beans. The only expensive components are things like avocado or special cheeses and even those are still not extr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is the purpose of fainting? What are the benefits of this mechanism? In extreme situations (e.g. being under attack) humans and animals sometimes faint but I see this as counterproductive and it would probability be better to become more alert in these situations, right? | [
"Our brains need a *lot* of blood to stay alive. Normally, our bodies work just fine pumping blood against gravity and up to our noggins, but sometimes things go wrong. If for any reason there's a drop in blood pressure or heart rate or reduced level of oxygen to your brain, your brain is going to make you faint. W... | [
"Most of the answers here are saying those are mostly learned behaviors that can't be bred out, and that is true and almost certainly the main factor. But consider also that what you view as a negative trait can sometimes be an evolutionary adaptation. The theory has recently been discussed that depression is an ev... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do countries improve economy? I read that China and India are going to be the next economic powerhouses. How will that happen? | [
"By increasing the education level of the people, and by building infrastructure and equipment that can produce stuff, and by improving how things are organized and governed."
] | [
"Mexico's GDP is not low, being slightly less than South Korea which is often considered an economic powerhouse. Mexican per capita income is over $10K USD. There are certainly a lot of poor citizens and it would take a more learned person than me to expound on the historical causes for that, but do not count that ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about World Affairs:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about World Affairs:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is a person’s ancestry based on the father’s family? | [
"It isn't. A person's paternal ancestry does, and their maternal ancestry is based on the mother. However, in most of our recent culture we've been assigning \"family names\" down the path of the father/husband. So I think maybe you're confusing the history of *family names* with actual *ancestry* of a person. Ex... | [
"These DNA tests test for ethnicity not nationality, although the former is a fairly accurate indicator of the latter, it doesn’t allow you to be 100% certain of their nationality. Edit: made a mistake - DNA traces ethnicity in the context of ancestry"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is it harder to ride a scooter with only one hand than a bicycle? | [
"Scooters are more inherently unstable than bicycles. The wheels are smaller and there's a lot more weight higher up. That makes them a lot more 'wobbly'. Anyone who has ridden a motorcycle then rides a scooter will tell you, they're -way- less stable."
] | [
"If you'll notice on a woman's frame, the top bar slopes down, while on a man's frame, it's a horizontal bar. The reason for the downward slope on a woman's bike is so the rider can wear a skirt without it bunching up then stretching around the bar. However, there is no difference in the feel of the ride or integri... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
We know universe is made of 4 forces : electromagnetism, gravity, weak & strong nuclear force. What kind of force is then pushing something with your arms? | [
"Electromagnetic. Basically the atoms in your hands are electromagnetically repelling the atoms in what you're pushing."
] | [
"They do repel, but the strong nuclear force is, as the name suggests, stronger than the electromagnetism pushing them apart. (At least at the scale of the nucleus.) The strong nuclear force is just a fundamental force of nature like gravity or electromagnetism - it's just something the universe does naturally."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do you still feel a ring after you’ve taken it off? | [
"Residual nerve signals? It also happens when you ride a swing and then you stand up bu tit still feels like your butt is sitting down"
] | [
"do they squirm when you squeeze them? if so yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Workers Unions. Why are they good and/or bad? | [
"A bully can do anything he wants to the other kids because he's stronger than any one of them individually. But if the other kids work together, they can make the bully behave. When you hear about \"anti-american mob organizations\" or things like \"union dues cost way too much,\" it's like a bully spreading harm... | [
"Small Population, High Tax Rate, Reasonably Successful Companies and Economy, and a Socialist System. Socialism isn't bad, its expensive but it also takes care of you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do the videos from the early 1900's look like they are being played at 2.5x speed? | [
"The original hand cranked cameras like the pathé and the bell & Howell 2709 had what was called an 8:1 gear ratio, which meant for every 360 degree crank it would produce 8 frames. There was a song that cameramen would sing as they handcranked, which would result in about two revolutions per second - 16 frames. I... | [
"If I'm not mistaken: movies and TV shows are shot at 24 frames per second. Soap operas and home videos are shot faster: 30 to 60 fps."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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