query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How do males generate sperm? | [
"Yes, just like how your bone marrow makes blood cells. Some parts of the body perform their function by making new cells."
] | [
"> Is semen living creatures? No. > How do they know what to do? Programming from DNA. > Could they live outside the body, like goldfish in a suitable tank? Sperm aren't alive as such, but they don't last very long outside the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do podcast and music streaming apps warn you about downloading content over cellular data? Isn't streaming the content using the same amount of data? | [
"You could accidentally burn through all your data quickly by downloading a bunch of episodes. But streaming them one by one means you're only downloading them as you consume them."
] | [
"Google limits the buffer length for videos, since a lot of people let videos buffer just to close the tab, which probably costs them a lot of money / bandwidth. On top of that, a lot of ISPs are throttling Youtube due to the amount of bandwidth it causes in their networks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What makes it impossible for us to reach the core of the Earth in any way and how are do we know whats underneath us, if were unable to get even remotly close to it? | [
"It would be kinda like burrowing into molten metal under extreme high pressure. Imagine deep sea diving, only thousands of more time the pressure, and it's 3k degrees. They can figure some of it out by doing a sonar sort of thing and listening to echoes of earthquakes and large explosions bouncing off and through ... | [
"Not sarcastically, we found out that we could build something strong enough to send humans to the bottom of the trench. That doesn't sound like much, but I think it's a pretty impressive feat of engineering. Other than that, we didn't find much, but even that in and of itself is a discovery. We really didn't know... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the document about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do squirrels run back and forth in front of cars, instead of running all of the way across the street? | [
"Running in erratic patterns and constantly switching directions is a good survival strategy when you are trying to avoid a larger predator that is faster than you. It's using light weight and maneuverability to your advantage. Obviously not a great strategy for avoiding cars, but squirrels don't know that."
] | [
"Trains are difficult to stop. The horns are really loud to bring awareness to their presence. It's easier for a car or a pedestrian to move out of the way than it would be for the train to make an emergency stop."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Animals:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Animals:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is data stored in the black strip on a credit/debit card? | [
"It’s encoded in magnetic bits. As you swipe your card, the magnetic bits in the card cause electrical pulses in the reader head on the terminal. That’s why you have to swipe pretty quick, to get the pulses in a fashion the terminal can read them. And how can it distinguish? Your card number, name, expiration date... | [
"It helps show you have possession of the physical card. That number is not stored on the magnetic stripe, so it can't be obtained using a card skimmer for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do we have any idea how dinosaurs sounded like? | [
"By looking for real world examples! We know what their nasal passages and throats were like based on fossils, so we look for real world instances that resemble those structures (often in birds as these are their descendants) One interesting case is parasaurolophus. We know it’s horn contains tubes that connect to ... | [
"Because it's the closest we can get to smell a dinosaur. Imagine how good they smelled millions of years ago when they were alive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Linguistics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Linguistics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What are the 11 dimensions and how do they work? | [
"Great minds think alike. Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: The 11 dimensions of the universe. ](_URL_4_) ^(_ > 100 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Extra dimensions in physics ](_URL_2_) ^(_23 comments_) 1. [ELI5:11 dimensions of string theory ](_URL_0_) ^(_14 comments_) 1. [ELI5:... | [
"If magnets are magic, is gravity magic too? Fundamental forces, yo. They run the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How did the Kentucky Derby get to be such a big deal (compared to all other horse races)? | [
"Marketing! While the derby started in the 1870s, it started becoming huge in the early 1900s. Horse racing was a major sport then, it would probably be the equivalent of something like the NBA now (Boxing and baseball were the other two major sports at the time). During the early 1900s, they marketed the event bi... | [
"It's the biggest music festival (in the US). If you are into live music its a big event, the same way the Super Bowl is a big event if you're into football, or ComicCon if you're into sci-fi."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What's happening in our brains when we look at optical illusions? | [
"Different illusions exploit different shorcuts, so to speak, that our brains use to experience the world around us and make sense of it. Things like [persistence of vision](_URL_0_) are a popular exploit for illusions. This is why you can watch a movie in a theater with pictures being flashed at you 24 frames per ... | [
"It's not about how big your brain is, it's how you use it. Human brains have been shrinking for the last few thousand years, but by all accounts we're getting smarter. It's about how wrinkly your brain is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do places with long periods of deep snow keep their cemeteries in order for funerals? | [
"Norwegian here. Usually you just dig through the frozen ground as I understand it. It's harder, but possible. Sometimes the ground is thawed/defrosted for burial using a heating \"lid\" Norwegian news link about thawing _URL_0_ Also, frost moves things. Sometimes leading to skulls and bones being pushed up throug... | [
"Well, if you put every body in a grave, and you mark every gravesite in perpetuity, sure. But we don't. In places where land is tight, there are a number of strategies, from 'temporary occupancy' to cremations, to grave sharing. Additionally, at least historically, older graveyards have been lost and forgotten. Th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is receipt paper always made from plastic? | [
"The paper (always as a roll) is not made entirely of plastic, it is coated by plastic. \"Writing\" is done by heating certain spots of the plastic coating to turn them black (other colours are available). That is called \"thermo printing\". Note that there are receipt printers with normal paper that is written on ... | [
"Bleached paper can use the whole tree. Unbleached uses the parts that are naturally lighter or it would be brown like cardboard, and would not sell."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do glass bottles come almost exclusively in the colours green, brown and white (transparent)? | [
"brown bottles were used for beer. It was dark to prevent UV light from the sun to enter the bottle and break some chemical bonds in the beer and cause it to be harmful to your health and smell bad. However during world war 2 I think, they were running short of brown bottles so they started using green bottles. tra... | [
"Beer will go flat sooner in plastic bottles, as it is much more porous (microscopically) than glass. By the way, beer is commonly sold in plastic bottles in places like ball parks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
how exactly exercise lowers a resting heart rate | [
"Aerobic exercise causes your heart to increase muscle tone - not in the bad way, like in hypertension (high blood pressure) — but in a good way where it can pump blood more effectively. By increasing muscle tone, your heart is able to more effectively oxygenate your brain, muscles and body as a whole when at a lo... | [
"peoples blood pressure is lower when they first wake up. this makes them more sensitive to the cold."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How have scientists figured out how many colours an animal can see? | [
"There are two ways of knowing : One is at the microscopical scale by studying cells on the retina, if there are cones we know the animal has some form of color perception, we can study how many cones there are, their location on the retina, all of this gives a good idea of the color perception of the animal The ... | [
"We don't know. For all of the amazing things we're able to discover with modern science, we still haven't been able to figure out how the brain works."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Neuroscience:"
} |
Why the collor of the reproductive organs are different than the skin? | [
"There are a variety of reasons. Things that stretch have a different color because the tissue needs to stretch. Things that get wet have a different color because they have different cell types. And some things simply have contrasting color because they’re meant to be seen. This color contrast is evolutionarily u... | [
"Just some melanin, the pigment that colorates your skin. Accidentaly, there is a little bit more melanin in one single spot."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Licensed merchandise | [
"The company that makes the mug pays a license fee to the owner of the logo and it is rolled into the price of the mug when it is sold to the vender."
] | [
"When people of similar interests and abilities congratulate each other in a similar way. For example, The Circling Automotive Company awards Circles Automotive an award, but Circling Automotive owns Circles. To be thankful Circles recognizes the magnanimous Circling Automotive. The White House Correspondents dinne... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how curriencies (dollar, Yen, Pounds, Euros, florins, etc) got their names. | [
"There's no consistent naming scheme. Like with many other words, these terms have often been passed from one language to another, with various modifications along the way. * The name \"pound\" comes from a time when the unit of currency represented the value of a literal pound of silver. * \"Yen\" comes from a Jap... | [
"Why do you think that? If you mean by how much it's worth compared to other currencies, 1 Bahrain Dinar is worth £1.69 at the moment, or $2.65, the Kuwaiti Dinar is considered the strongest of all currencies right now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do the cameras on rockets that are right behind the thrusters not melted down from insane heat? | [
"CuriousDroid on YouTube does a great video on this topic as a whole. Short answer: Hide the camera and point it at a mirror made of quartz that sees all of the heat. Long answer: _URL_0_"
] | [
"It is not the ionosphere that causes the blackout. It is the superheated plasma around the capsule caused by high speed reentry. When going into space, we get outside the atmosphere before we build up that much speed. When coming in, you can just use friction rather than fuel that you need to carry for the whole j... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Space telescopes:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Space telescopes:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does remembering unimportant things seem so much easier than remembering important things? | [
"Your brain ignores so many unimportant things that you don't even remember how many unimportant things are there.. In simple words sometimes you tend to remember very few such stupid stuff so well that makes you think only if I could remember important stuff like that.."
] | [
"how do you remember a song? Or a picture? How do you remember your dog's name? Memory itself is poorly understood, but there's nothing about any one sense that makes it impossible to remember."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Cognitive psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Cognitive psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
what happens to a blue whale when it dies? (or any other large creature in the ocean, for that matter, mammal or not?) | [
"Generally, the carcass will gradually float to the seafloor, all the while being eaten at by the various creatures on the way down. When it hits the seafloor, it will be be eaten by all manner of deep sea marine life, from the skin and soft tissue all the way down to the bone and marrow. Whales can create thriving... | [
"considering they have an extremely active lifestyle (swimming constantly all the time) and a relatively low cholesterol diet (mostly plankton and krill iirc) they are presumably at very low risk for blood clots in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Marine biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Marine biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is Andy Warhol’s Campbell soup can painting so highly esteemed? | [
"\"What’s great about this country is that America started the tradition where the richest consumers buy essentially the same things as the poorest. You can be watching TV and see Coca Cola, and you know that the President drinks Coca Cola, Liz Taylor drinks Coca Cola, and just think, you can drink Coca Cola, too. ... | [
"That seems very high, but it is a beautiful painting and a piece of history. Rothko is one of the most famous contemporary painters. He is very well known for works like this which are simple combinations of color. Some of them are extraordinarily beautiful. I doubt they generally sell for anywhere near this much,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do schools suspend students who skip classes? | [
"To protect the collective and punish the parents. By suspending the problematic kid, they isolate them from damaging the other kids at least for a few days. They punish the parent by forcing them to pay for childcare for a few days. The kid needs to be disciplined by the parents. By suspending them, they get more... | [
"To make a long story short, the Jefferson County School Board has been infiltrated by right-wing partisans that want to change what the History department teaches. They want to emphasize patriotism, nationalism, and the positive aspects of US history, while downplaying anything about civil disobedience or social s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do pregnancy tests work? | [
"It detects a hormone, hCG, which is human chorionic gonadotropin. It’s produced after implantation and it’s what the pregnancy tests look for."
] | [
"There are no completely safe days, only days when pregnancy is less likely. Use protection!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Sexual health:"
} |
. Why did Country House win the Kentucky derby and Maximum Security was disqualified? | [
"Maximum security ran out of his lane and cut off other horses. This is dangerous as it can cause horses to go down. So he was disqualified."
] | [
"Because he became President and his name wasn't George W. Bush."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What happened at the Kentucky Derby? | [
"Maximum Security strayed from his lane before being clear of the other horse and almost caused a collision"
] | [
"Only if the federal government let it. See: American Civil War"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do athletes look so much faster on TV compared to live (in-person)? | [
"Most likely because of the camera movement. & #x200B; on TV the camera focuses on the player and the rest moves around them. in person, you are already far and you point of view is the whole stadium."
] | [
"Women have higher voices that carry better over background noise. Try watching women's tennis sometime."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How can water be oxygen-rich or oxygen-depleted? | [
"Water can dissolve gaseous oxygen (O2). Fish use that oxygen rather than that within H2O molecules."
] | [
"water can have varying quantities of other chemicals and minerals, depending on how and where it was processed/bottled. It's not pure H2O. That would be distilled water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does state citizenship work (USA)? | [
"First of all there's no such thing as citizenship from state to state. Your residence is where you get your mail. You can vote in any state you are in. If you are a resident in a different state, you can still vote either through a mail-in ballot or online. You will probably be able to vote in the state you are li... | [
"Laws vary hugely by country. What country are you asking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What just happened at the Kentucky Derby? Why did Maximum Security get DQ'd? | [
"He got spooked by the crowd, couldn’t be controlled and kicked another horse twice in the back leg. Could have been a horse pile up with the potential for putting down several horses if injured."
] | [
"Because he became President and his name wasn't George W. Bush."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do humans scream when they get scared? | [
"it scares off most things that would bite us and it attracts other humans' attention, which before our culture shifted away from common interest in helping each other meant help would come quickly."
] | [
"What's that scared feeling called, when you don't even know what you scared about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do all the planets orbit in the same direction? | [
"Before there were planets, all the matter that would eventually go on to Make the planets was a kind of large dust cloud. We call this the protoplanetary disc. Around the same time that the sun was made, or very shortly thereafter, the dust in the protoplanetary disc coalesced into planets, and they kept their ori... | [
"> does the moon orbit the sun and the earth, or just the earth? Both. The moon orbits Earth but Earth orbits the sun which means the moon must also circle around the sun along with Earth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Astronomy:"
} |
What's discrete mathematics? | [
"You know how between 1 and 2, you've got all those numbers like 0.5, 0.75, 0.8 and so on? Between any two numbers, there's always more numbers. These numbers are seen as *continuous*. Continuous mathematics is stuff like calculus. The opposite of continuous math is *discrete* mathematics. It deals with numbers (an... | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is it that we “feel” when someone is looking at us? | [
"You don't. You just only notice the times you look up and see someone looking back. Your brain doesn't remember the thousands of other times you looked up and there was nothing. It's the same effect that when you buy a car and now see a ton of them. Those cars were always there. You just didn't notice until you bo... | [
"I think in western culture, it feels good to be desired."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
I get the basic idea of glass covering the filament will display the colour of the glass but how do lights (LED?) have multiple hues? | [
"An RGB led is actually three lights in one, and adjusting the brightness of the three colors will change what color comes out when they combine"
] | [
"Because the way light bounces off of it (because of the foil the data pattern is engraved on stck to the clear plastic spine or whatever) the light is scattered revealing the various notes (colors, more or less) enclosed in white light"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did earthworms get into my elevated compost bin? | [
"A quick google search says the worms mate and produce eggs which can lay dormant for a long time. Maybe the eggs were in the original soil and hatched when conditions were ideal?"
] | [
"It has a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in it. At least that's what my dad said when he made me clean out the barn."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are so many prehistoric animals just bigger versions of animals alive now? | [
"It's an interesting question, but the short answer is... we're not really sure. There are a few theories. We are 66 millions out from our last mass extinction, which isn't that long in the grand scheme of things, but there we lost some ancient lineages prone to becoming giant as they evolve. Our atmosphere is also... | [
"Also, it must be said that though there were quite a few large dinosaurs, there were plenty of small ones, too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can’t you eat or drink before surgery, and how does that affect emergency surgery? | [
"The main reason is because while in anesthesia, basic reflexes like coughing are suppressed, and if you throw up during surgery (because of the anesthesia for example) the food and liquids would go down your respiratory tract. This can be extremely damaging due to the acid and bacteria contained in your stomach. I... | [
"The mouth is a wet place filled with bacteria. If you did not clot fast you would be very likely to get an infection and die. The Anus also clots very quickly for similar reasons. Generally speaking people on blood thinners inform their dentist of the medications they take, and if necessary they will stop taking ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Health and Medicine:"
} |
Why did the Mona Lisa become as famous as it did? | [
"Because it was stolen in 1911, cue a massive hunt for it and media furore that a masterpiece had been stolen from under the French's noses. Suspected the Kaiser had it, or Rockefeller, but turned out it was just these 3 Italian guys who swiped it. They had it for about 2 and a half years then tried to sell it to s... | [
"Along with special techniques with composition, The Mona Lisa gets a lot of its attention from its historical background, or more specficially, the lack thereof. - Most paintings at that time took several months at most to complete. The Mona Lisa took 10 years. Why did Leonardo da Vinci take so long? - It is said ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is being done to combat antibiotic resistance caused by antibiotic use in the farming industry? | [
"There has been great strides made by the sector but still a huge way to go. Efforts have focused on three aspects: 1. Reduction in usage of antibiotics - such EU countries as Denmark and the Netherlands have mandated large reductions in Ab usage for livestock production - this predominantly saved from a lack of us... | [
"They aren't fed antibiotics to cure diseases they have. They are fed low doses of antibiotics throughout their lives which accelerates their weight gain. The antibiotics end up in their waste and in the environment, and any bacteria in or on them may develop resistance to the antibiotics."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Science:"
} |
Why do planes not leave their outline in a cloud when they enter it, like it is shown in many cartoons for example? | [
"Clouds look solid because they are very far, but they are very much not. Fog is more or less a cloud that formed low enough for us to be able to be inside it and it's very much not solid, right? In most selfexplanatory experiment: waving your arms inside a fog does not leave a fog-free area behind them and plane e... | [
"They are continuously moving, but with nothing nearby as a reference point and at a great distance, it is hard to tell. It's like how a plane in the sky looks like It's going real slow, when it's actually going like 600 mph."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Does airtight automatically mean water proof? How about visa versa? | [
"Air molecules are smaller than water molecules so airtight is generally automatically waterproof. Think about it - if you have an airtight container (say, a bottle) and hold it underwater it stops water getting in and air getting out BUT... Airtight things are usually designed to keep air *in* while watertight th... | [
"Because of the plastic. It could deteriorate enough to let in outside contaminates. It's not actually because the water expires."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what does a music producer actually do? | [
"As a guitarist, I know all the licks and how to play them and make them sound good. When I go into the studio, the producer basically tells me which licks he thinks will work on the song and where to put them. He might not be able to play those licks himself (thats why I am there) but he knows what will sound good... | [
"Related question: What if I want to become a mercenary? What do I do?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do insects think or make decisions? | [
"They have neurons like those of any other animal. Their neurons are connected, and pass signals to each other, receive signals from sensory input, and transmit signals to muscles. Even a single neuron is capable of making a decision (firing or not based on the input to it), a huge number are not needed for less co... | [
"Trees don't know anything. They react to their environment through chemical pathways. Living doesn't require thinking."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do animals keep their teeth healthy without visits to the dentist? | [
"They don't, really. Wild animals have dental problems much earlier and much faster than animals in captivity whose owners force better dental hygeine on them. For many wild animals, this means the age they live to in the wild can be drastically lower than it would be in captivity, as many animals die shortly after... | [
"Bacteria eats sugar and poops acid into your mouth which burns your teeth. Brush and floss and see a dentist."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do some kinds of meat toughen up when cooked for a long time, but others get softer and "fall off the bone"? | [
"It's not the type of meat, it's the method of cooking that does this. Cooking for longer times at lower temperatures allows the meat retain moisture and remain tender. Higher temperatures cause the meat to lose this moisture."
] | [
"Breasts and thighs cook at different rates. If you cook them the same amount of time, you are likely overcooking the breast and perfectly cooking the thighs. Also, tenderness is a combo of the structure of the meat and moisture level. Chicken breast has almost no fat or connective tissue. When you cook it, you are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
When sending data (bytes) over the internet, how does the çomputer/phone know that a byte has just been read, and a new one is coming (how does it recognize the start and end of a byte) | [
"The network device doesn't actually have to separate the bytes - it just sends a stream of bits, and the receiving device can just take every 8 consecutive bits and treat them as one byte. The only problem is to determine where the first byte starts. This is done using a [syncword](_URL_0_) - a fixed sequence of b... | [
"A packet is just the general name for a chunk of data, how it's configured is different for each protocol For communication over Ethernet it works a lot like an IRL letter where there's a header that says who it's from and where it's going. If you want to send a 15kB picture then it'll take about 10 packets since ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
what is Ferromagnetism and why does it mean the iron in your blood is not attracted to an MRI? | [
"Really simple answer - iron atoms on their own are always magnetic, and that phenomenon is called ferromagnetism. In your body, there's basically no free iron as it's all bound up in other compounds - hemoglobin bound to red blood cells, or a protein called ferritin that binds up any free iron to store it and rele... | [
"There is type of iron ore called magnetite, also known as lodestone, is a natural permanent magnet. Magnets can also be made using other large magnets. You take a piece of material and place it next to a large magnet and after some time that piece of material becomes a magnet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Do food preservatives have negative effects on the body? | [
"You can look up the FDA safety ratings for most synthetic preservatives; they go through a process and ongoing literature review to ensure they’re not dangerous. Sodium benzoate is GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe), for instance, because a large body of evidence has shown that under normal consumption patterns f... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why has sunscreen been designed to absorb UV light, rather than reflect it or increase the wavelength through refraction? | [
"Because people AROUND the person wearing sunscreen need to see. If it's refracted, there would be mirror-coated people hanging around, blinding everyone"
] | [
"Almost everything gets slowly degraded by UV light, that’s light from the sun, (and some lightbulbs too). The plastics that make up your clear phone case degrade more rapidly because they absorb that UV light all the way through, instead of just bouncing off the surface."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How did we standardize the unit of time? Did we have a standard physical reference for defining them? | [
"The standard was that a day or more exact a solar day is the length of time which elapses between the Sun reaching its highest point in the sky two consecutive times. The smaller units was then defined as a fraction of a day. It was good enough initially. & #x200B; When clock got better we have determined that i... | [
"Because traveling slower than lightspeed would expose the colonists to time dilation any universal calendar would make no sense. There is no way to travel faster than light and even if there was a way there would be no simultaneity because of Special Relativity. So probably every system will have their own calenda... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
When pioneers came to America, they brought diseases that nearly wiped out the native population. Why didn't the natives also have unique diseases that devastated Europeans? | [
"Europe had been a crossroads for war and commerce already for centuries, exposing them to a wide variety of bugs and illnesses. Native Americans were much more isolated, even from other tribes. Also domestic animals were a significant disease source and the native Americans did not have many domesticated animals. ... | [
"Well, it was a bacterial infection in a time of no antibiotics. Everyone got it and the people who survived were then immune. There was also a genetic selection for survivors over several centuries and in the end it didn't die completely out. The Yersinia plague still infects people today. Mostly, we don't share l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about History:",
"pos": "Represent the document about History:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that there are a huge amount of movies that have low critic scores but also have a lot of high and positive audience scores? | [
"Audience scores are usually higher because people only go to see movies they think they will enjoy, while critics see all movies. If everyone was forced to see a movie, the percentage of the audience that enjoyed it would be much lower."
] | [
"The movie takes some huge liberties with the source material. It's basically a fantasy film using some characters and situations from the Bible. A notable controversy is the fact that nobody uses the word \"God\" anywhere in the film. Critics seem to have liked it for the most part (76% on Rotten Tomatoes), but it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is the Iron Dome, what does it do, and how does it work? | [
"Its an anti missile system. It uses radar to sense and track incoming missiles and then fires a missile at that missile to destroy it before it hits its target."
] | [
"Russia does not have a good track record when it comes to telling the truth. Why start believing them now?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the difference between 4WD, AWD and 4x4 | [
"4WD is Four wheel drive.. same as 4x4... It means you can select which mode you want in vehicle, usually reserved for trucks and Jeeps.. either have all four wheels powered or just two. AWD is all wheel drive, meaning the vehicle always has al four wheels engaged and you cant turn it off...usually reserved for car... | [
"Mech Eng and Subaru WRX STI (with DCCD) owner here. Feel free to ask me more detailed questions if you'd like. Multi-mode DCCD explained by [Subaru's Website:](_URL_1_) > The Driver’s Control Centre Differential (DCCD) allows the centre differential locking of the WRX STI to be dialed in and adjust its handling. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What's the difference between center of mass and center of gravity? | [
"There is no difference between the two unless the force of gravity varies across the object. On earth, gravity is almost exactly the same everywhere so, even for quite large objects, the difference will not be measurable. For huge objects, like a space elevator cable 40 & #8239;000 & #8239;km long, the centre of g... | [
"It depends on how much mass and spread out over what amount of time. Are you increasing the volume to keep the density the same, or keeping the same volume but increasing the density?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about writing:"
} |
Why is Douglas MacArthur so famous in the Korean War? | [
"His Island Hopping campaign strategy against the Japanese during WW2 was brilliant and was covered extensively by the press. He would simply bypass any strongly fortified Japanese strongpost islands and move on to attack the ones behind it which were much weaker. Then, with their supply lines destroyed, the stro... | [
"Was any Asian country capable of helping the United States during the revolutionary war?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Antibiotics vs. Probiotics | [
"They don't interfere. Probiotics just replace the good good gut bacteria killed by the antibiotics, since antibiotics can't \"tell\" the difference and kill both."
] | [
"Hot Showers: Vasodilation Muscle pain relief Comforting/Relaxing Raises body temperature & #x200B; Cold Showers: Energizing Helps lower body temperature Vasoconstriction Invigorating"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why when you jump on a bus or train do you not fly backwards? | [
"If you are sitting on a bus moving 40mph, *you are also* moving 40mph. Jumping in the air doesn't suddenly decelerate you. If the bus were invisible, a person standing on the side of the road would see you jump forward in a really long, superhuman arc."
] | [
"Huh? I have this the other way around. When I sit it's all good, but when I stand and start to walk I have to hurry to the bathroom."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does a man's penis hurt if he continues masturbsting/having sex after orgasm. | [
"One theory is that the head of the penis evolved it's shape to \"scoop\" out sperm. That way while attempting to procreate we remove the sperm of our competitors while depositing our own. Following ejaculation we become sensitive to stop us from continuing to thrust and scooping our own sperm out."
] | [
"Your urethra, (the hole your pee pee comes out of) is constricted by the recent boner. The burning sensation is normal after ejaculation. God mode challenge: pee with a boner, dont lose boner."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Open vs Closed system? | [
"**Open system:** Windows can be installed on pretty much any hardware, third party developers can make modifications to it (e.g., by making a computer game that runs on Windows), and Windows can interact with other types of operating systems (e.g., MacOS). **Closed system:** The US government develops a system to ... | [
"MR is Memory Recall MC is Memory Clear M+ is Memory add M- is Memory subtract Think of them like the Copy and Paste for the Calculator."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do formula 1 cars look the way they do? | [
"F1 cars are super light as they are as bare bones as possible, they are largely shaped the way they are to provide optimal downforce/weight ratio allowing for more grip and stability. Fun fact, for certain turns F1 cars need to go faster (thereby increasing downforce) rather than slower to avoid crashing from lack... | [
"Do you know how a fan works? If so just turn it around"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do pillows and mattresses turn yellow over the years? | [
"It is your sweat and drool. The discoloring is from many many nights of you seeping bodily fluids on to your mattress. The minerals and salts you sweat out cause it. Like layers and layers of dust on floors which are never cleaned."
] | [
"They are made with a blend of different moisturizers and aloe. Then, when the tissue comes in contact with your skin, the formula activates and releases to cool down your nose. Now, it doesn't actually cool anything, and the tissues aren't actually cool. It just feels cool. It tricks your skin. Yes, bed sheets cou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do hand warmers with a bit of metal in them work? | [
"In each hand warmer, there’s a ton of a salt called Sodium Acetate dissolved. Water can only dissolve so much of the salt before it’s full, and can’t take any more. But, hot water can dissolve a lot more than room temperature water can. So, they make the solutions in the hand warmers while the water is hot, and t... | [
"There are iron bits inside that when exposed to oxygen (opening the package) cause them to oxidize (rust) which generates heat. There are also other things in the pouch to help out the process. But in shorts that’s what’s going on. If you open one up it basically looks like crushed charcoal with little iron shavin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does buying in bulk reduce the price per item? | [
"It's called 'economies of scale' which describes the ways the manufacturers, suppliers and sellers save money. For example, one big box has less surface area and is cheaper to make than 16 small boxes. The manufacturer doesn't need to cut up and sort one batch into lots of little batches. It's easier to handle, ... | [
"Because the price isn't determined by the cost to produce, but by the value to the consumer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What happens after a coffin has decomposed and the soil on top eventually sinks? | [
"The weight of the dirt actually crushes most coffins so the sinking will actually happen within 24 hours that's why they usually pile \"extra\" dirt on top. Effectively there is very little change after a few months."
] | [
"Dirt gets blown by wind, and washed by rain water to cover things. Stone will also sink when the ground gets wet if it is not sitting on bedrock. These three things will slowly bury things over hundreds and thousands of years."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How did Cinco de Mayo become so popular in the US when it's not all that significant in Mexico? | [
"According to Encyclopedia Britannica: _URL_0_ \"In the mid-20th-century U.S., the celebration of Cinco de Mayo became among Mexican immigrants a way of encouraging pride in their Mexican heritage. Critics observed that enthusiasm for the holiday celebration did not take off with a broader demographic until it was ... | [
"In Spanish, \"sombrero\" just means hat. However, the very big hat which is only sold to tourists, is probably what you mean here. El Cinco de Mayo is not celebrated in Mexico (except in the state of Puebla where the battle took place). Rather, it is a day in the USA celebrating Mexican heritage. The national h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does our vision distort things when we stare at something too long without blinking? | [
"the cells in your eyes that let you see things get fatigued over time. They just keep trying to send the same signals constantly and they stop working. Moving your eye even a tiny bit is enough to resolve this problem instantly since each cell is now receiving different wavelengths of light than they were."
] | [
"Your eyes have muscles connected to them, and those muscles can become tired and/or sore if overworked for very long. I used to experience the tired eyes feeling quite a lot when driving at dusk, before I got polarized glasses . I'd feel like I just wanted to crawl into bed soon as I got home. But once I got home ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
How do birds like the Cormorant swallow whole fish don’t fish have hard/sharp fins and scales and what about the bones do they just digest the fish bones?? | [
"Swallow head first and all the fins, spines and scales lie flat. They don't do it randomly. Most fishing birds turn the catch lengthwise before swallowing. Video of a Kingfisher turning a minnow headfirst before swallowing it. (Plus a bash on the branch to stop it wriggling.) _URL_0_ Many birds regurgitate bones, ... | [
"Bird poop sparkle because of the bones they eat from bugs. There’s this chemical in bugs called, “Chintin” which makes it hard for the birdies’ to digest"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is it recommended to take most medication after a meal or with a meal? | [
"Some medication can be harsh on your stomach lining if it's not diluted a bit, but the main reason for a lot of medication is that eating kicks off your metabolism and gets your body to actually process the drug rather than just passing it through."
] | [
"Vitamins E, D, K and A are fat soluble, so you need to take them with something fatty. The others are water soluble. Add that to the different effects every vitamin has."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does sliced cheese taste different than cubed cheese? | [
"It is because a bigger amount of space (surface area) touches you taste buds. There may also be a reason because of air mixing in. Think how whipped cream tastes different than liquid cream because it has air whipped into it."
] | [
"From Huffington Post: > \"String cheese is just mozzarella cheese that has been heated to 140 degrees. At this temperature the cheese becomes very stretchy and the milk proteins move around and line up together in a row. It's this alignment that makes string cheese so stringy!\" Other cheese sticks are just cheese... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is that after being so hungry and not eating, after a while you no longer feel hungry? | [
"Hunger is a signal telling us to eat food. When food isn't available to eat, it's just a distraction, so the body begins to turn it off. We know we still need to eat, but it stops being prevalent in our mind so that we can concentrate on doing the things we need to do to find food."
] | [
"First, Lucky you. Second, your desire for sex goes to basically nothing. Like eating a really good meal till you're full. Yes, you enjoyed it, but well, you're full, you're not going to eat that meal again, you just need to wait till you're atleast a little hungry again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why GMOs are treated so poorly? | [
"The phrase \"genetically modified organism\" is really scary to people who don't understand what it means. \"Why would I want to put something *modified* in my body?! I'd rather have something natural, thanks.\" The truth is pretty much everything sold in supermarkets is modified in some way and GMO simply takes a... | [
"If you think treatment of animals is bad in China, you have to seriously look at the treatment of people in The Republic Of China."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
where does silverfishes come from? | [
"They live in the sewerage, crawl out through the drains in your shower or sink and get lost your your bathroom roaming around."
] | [
"Because red meat is similar to the color of the licorice, and licorice is made from a plant, so red meat is safe like a plant. White meat is the same color as snow, and snow comes from the sky, and the sky is where birds (white meat) come from, so it is less safe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What are the bases of HIV, herpes, flu, a cold, etc. where there are different strains, but they are referred by the same name? | [
"Okay, so. Picture a dog (canis lupus familiaris). What dog did you picture? Actually, it doesn’t matter what breed of dog you pictured, because it’s still a dog (canis lupus familiaris) no matter if it was a schnauzer, boxer, beagle, or even chihuahua, they’re all just dogs. Those are different breeds, or strains,... | [
"The changes the flu goes through affect some very specific aspects of the virus's structure, which is why we describe flu variations with titles such as H1N1 or H3N2. A strain with either of those characteristics could be more or less serious as there could be other differences, but in terms of how our body ident... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
can someone explain to me difference between rings in chemistry, or at least explain benzene rings? | [
"Carbon atoms can make as many as 4 bonds each. One configuration attaches a hydrogen to one of the four bonds. If you take 6 of these carbons and hook A to B to C to D to E to F to A you construct a round structure. These 6 bonds use 12 of the possible connections. If you double the A to B, C to D, and E to F bond... | [
"because there are rotating .. if you spin a transparent ball with water inside you will have the same 2d shape. phisics first class"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
if you want to memorize something write it down or say it out loud, if you want to forget/get something off your chest you also write it down or say it out loud. Is this just some psychological placebo were if you believe in it it works? | [
"If you're trying to remember something like a number or a sentence, it's helpful to run it through as many parts of your brain as possible. Reading, writing, speaking, hearing, internal monologue etc. are all handled by different parts of the brain, and if they all process the same piece of information, it's much ... | [
"Ooh ooh, I know this. Basically, when you're trying to remember something your brain tries really hard to help you remember it so it blocks all thought process and such so you can remember it, but, because you brain blocked all you thoughts and such it also, subsequently is blocking what your actually trying to re... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Language and cognition:"
} |
What does "carbon based life" actually mean? | [
"Carbon-based life is living matter with the element carbon as its primary building block. On Earth, carbon represents about 50% of all dry biomass. Carbon is important to life because it can form a vast amount of chemical compounds, more than any other element. That makes it incredibly versatile in building the co... | [
"Your question...is not a question, and it's not really clear what specific information you're looking for. ELI5: what do you actually, specifically, want to know about mental illnesses and therapy?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can we determine root cause of fire with any degree of accuracy when fires are so destructive? | [
"My uncle is an arson investigator. I've asked this question. Many things tell an experienced investigator where a fire started and how it spread. The way certain materials react to different temperatures, like carpet, linoleum, drywall, paint, wood, electrical wiring, they can tell where the fire was hottest. Thic... | [
"There exist something called a calorimeter. Basically it incinerated the item to ash. From the heat used to burn it, we gather caloric content. From the ash and smoke we can examine the chemicals and figure out what they were prior to oxidation. However, other analysis are used and needed for more specifics This i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come some motion capture suits have white balls on them and others have a bunch of black-and-white circles? | [
"Programmatically they are very similar. Circles are used, because a circle is a circle at any angle. Circles are easy to resolve in code, because each pixel just yields to the center based on pixel averaging. The top example looks to be creating an entire virtual environment, where the background will be created... | [
"In the case of Gary Sinise in Forrest Gump, he wore blue neoprene 'socks' over his legs and they chroma keyed them out. In the old days they used to just strap the leg up (foot to ass)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
When we look at something close to our eyes they get strained but when we close our eye our eyelids don't make our eyes strain, why? | [
"Because when your eyes are shut, they aren’t looking at anything. When you you’re focusing on an object close to your face it takes effort to maintain that focus. Or if it is a bright object a lot of light is focusing on your retina damaging it."
] | [
"By rubbing your eyes you stimulate a nerve called Vagus nerve, which relaxes you and makes you feel good. Also rubbing eyes would cause more tear secretion which lubricates your eyes so your eyes don't feel dry and tired. But, rubbing eyes too much isn't a good habit, it can affect the shape of your cornea which c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is it about certain faces that make you instantly think you will not like the person when some faces you instantly like without first talking to them. | [
"There are multiple reasons for this. One reason might be that someone who has similar facial features to the faces your talking about, you know to be not a good person. Think television, and movies, or the like. If someone in a movie is depicted in a certain way with certain facial features, people who you see who... | [
"I would imagine, like anything else in life, they would learn from how other people react to what they are doing. If people act with disgust for example they probably will get the idea. If a person is isolated from any human contact I would imagine they will do what suits them best. They probably won't want to cra... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why are tires not a solid piece of rubber, and are instead hollow, and filled with air? | [
"Solid rubber tires are used in large and heavy industrial applications (think of those absolutely enormous dump trucks), where the weight of the vehicle would pop an inflatable tire. Smaller vehicles like cars, trucks, and buses use inflatable tires because they provide more cushion."
] | [
"The molds that they use to make the tires have holes to let out excess air to prevent bubbles in the rubber. Rubber occasionally gets into the holes, thus the seemingly random strands that stick out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Automotive technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Automotive technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
While having a fever, why it hurts to move your eyes around | [
"I suspect you have a fever because you have an infection that causes your sinuses to swell, and many of your eye muscles are anchored near your sinuses. That could cause some pressure which would push on the swollen tissue inside your head, becoming painful."
] | [
"By rubbing your eyes you stimulate a nerve called Vagus nerve, which relaxes you and makes you feel good. Also rubbing eyes would cause more tear secretion which lubricates your eyes so your eyes don't feel dry and tired. But, rubbing eyes too much isn't a good habit, it can affect the shape of your cornea which c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does milk come in gallons and soda in liters (in America) | [
"Because the soda bottle was created after the US government went metric, but milk already came in gallon jugs before US independence. Essentially there’s no law dictating what private companies use, but the FDA works in metric, and US imperial measures have to be converted back to the metric standard. So for newer... | [
"The rest of the world calls that 1/3 of a litre. Or almost. Probably a bit off so it's exactly 12fl oz. In any case: normal soda cans have 330ml (or 0.33 litres) in them. There are also a lot of 0.5l beer cans. Everything above that is usually in plastic bottles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do racing video games get engine sounds correct? | [
"Record the car revving while stationary and then record the car under load, either on a dyno or on a track. I don't know the exact details but it doesn't seem particularly difficult to capture exhaust noise."
] | [
"Because car companies own the IP and it costs money to license not only the brand but also the \"image\" of the car. When playing GTA you have some idea what those vehicles represent - but when playing a racing game you want the real deal. And Devs are willing to pay for the real deal to make their racing game mor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does trash and waste end up in the ocean if it supposedly goes to landfills? | [
"We generate **a lot** of trash and we do take care of the vast majority of it with recycling it, incinerating it, or putting it in a land fill. But it's a problem of scale. Even if we successfully control 99.9% of the trash created in the US that still leaves 250,000 tons of trash making it's way into the ocean ev... | [
"We don't want the metals found in batteries in our drinking water. If they go into the trash, the go to the landfill. Water leaching from landfill ends up in someone's glass eventually."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does an electric kettle heat up water so much quicker than a stove does? | [
"Electric kettles have more efficient heating methods. One of which is an immersion heating element (an electrified wire inside a metal tube immersed in water). This ensures that almost all of the heat produced is transferred directly to the water. Conversely, if you put your hand (safely) above a kettle on a gas s... | [
"Food gets hotter when it absorbs microwave radiation. If a nugget absorbs some microwave radiation, that means no other nugget can absorb it. That particular bit of microwave only heats that one nugget. So if you cram your oven full of nuggets, you need a lot more microwaves. That takes time. Same principle applie... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Money laundering. I've seen all the tv shows and I still don't fully understand how you "clean" it. | [
"You need a legit business that deals in cash, say a car wash. Then, let's say you cook the best meth in all of New Mexico and you need to be able to use the money you make selling it to pay for legitimate stuff, like cancer treatments. Now, you'll slowly bring some of the cash you made selling your meth to the ca... | [
"It means the authorities can seize your property/assets without actually charging you with anything if they suspect said property/assets were involved in a crime. Say there's a stack of cash you have and the cops suspect it's dirty money; you don't necessarily have to have been involved in the laundering, they can... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does the quality of screenshots and gifs decrease as it is shared on social media? | [
"Almost every site you upload an image to won't store it in its original form. It'll re-encode it in its own preferred resolution and compression level. Jpeg and similar image file formats are lossily compressed, meaning it throws out some fine detail in the image that's unlikely to be noticed in order to get a sma... | [
"GIFs are a series of images displayed one after another to show movement. The number of pictures and their duration is optional so a high quality GIF (one with many high quality pictures to show smooth movement) could take a long time to load because you are essentially downloading all of those pictures. This is w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do some albums sound kind of meh on the first few listens, but then fire after several more? | [
"The brain likes patterns. And after a lot of listening, the brain starts to recognize these patterns and rewards itself with dopamine."
] | [
"I'm a huge music listener and at the end of the day, the only music that survives my playlists is the one that grew on me. I think music that is immediately accessible is in the end boring. Of course, with experience with particular genres and bands, you start to enjoy a lot any new music the first time you hear i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
Why does rocking a baby help it sleep? | [
"Newborn babies are used to being suspended in amniotic fluid and they get used to the motions of the mom when she goes to sleep usually gentle rocking from tossing and turning. Babies associate that gentle motion with sleeping."
] | [
"The same way you do. Different cues, such as it getting dark and quiet, tell the brain to release a hormone called melatonin which puts you to sleep for the night. As a side note, you are incredibly lucky to have a baby who can sleep that well at 7 months!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are legs of paraplegic so short and tiny? | [
"Because Osteoporosis (demineralization of the bones) and muscle atrophy (muscles degrading over time as they go unused) are symptoms that often follow being paralyzed. Bones and muscles are strong in able-bodied people because they are used to being under the constant weight of our own bodies from gravity. But sin... | [
"It is actually very rare for a penis to be perfectly straight. But as long as there is no pain, it's not a big deal. The slight curve usually is a result of the tissue in one particular area growing slightly more or less rapidly than the other areas during puberty. How much of a bend are we talking here? Are you ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What causes Bi-polar disorder | [
"It is a mixture of genetics and environment. Trauma can trigger the onset or noticability of BPD, that would be an environmental factor. There are many studies out there that suggest genetic factors (those passed down from biological parents). I would suggest searching the internet for scholarly articles but ELI5 ... | [
"Neither Down Syndrome or Autism are mental illnesses. Could you clarify what you mean by this question? Do you mean disorders such as Down Syndrome or Autism, or mental illnesses, more along the lines of depression or schizophrenia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
- Why is a plant based diet ‘more sustainable’ than meat/seafood. Won’t we start over farming and ruining the land if everyone was vegan? | [
"You need to feed livestock as well. Feeding the livestock ends up requiring even more farming than if people just ate all the produce"
] | [
"People go vegan or vegetarian for lots of different reasons. Some common ones are: 1) Health: Though a vegan/vegetarian diet certainly can be as unhealthy as any other, animal products are often higher in calories and fats, and lower in vitamins and minerals, than plant foods. Of course, potato chips are vegetaria... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Agriculture and food production:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Agriculture and food production:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
how are employees forced to sign non disclosure agreements? I always hear that former employees of corrupt companies were forced to sign NDA’s so they can’t speak about their time at their companies. Do they receive large settlements for these or what? | [
"It's usually a condition of employment. So before an employee starts work on their first day they'll be told \"your job will have access to sensitive information. In order to work for us you must sign a Non Disclosure Agreement. If you are not willing to sign the offer of employment will be withdrawn\". I've worke... | [
"You are hiring. You are competing with other companies to get the best employees. What perks do you offer to get the best to join your team? One incentive is a good severance package should you later have to let them go. Also, most severance packages have legal contracts you must sign to receive the benefits. Thi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why radioactive material is dangerous | [
"The definition of radioactive refers to the material being unstable at the atomic level and breaking down over time while releasing a spray of energetic subatomic particles. Those particles contain enough energy that they can knock electrons out of place in matter they interact with. And one such material is our D... | [
"The truth is much more boring than your comic book fantasies. Nuclear waste is anything that got sufficient exposure to be a danger. Extra coolant fluid, old pipes from the reactor, anything that spent enough time near the nuclear fuel, is toxic waste."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
- Why does ADD/ADHD medication sometimes make people suicidal while it makes others more productive? | [
"I think the reason that ADHD drugs can give rise to suicidal thoughts in some people is mostly unknown. However the way the drugs work is by releasing and/or inhibiting the 'breakdown' (reuptake) of dopamine, the neurotransmitter most strongly linked to increasing motivation. So if someone is already suicidal, the... | [
"ADHD is caused by *underactivity* in the frontal lobe of the brain - the part responsible for organization and impulse control (think of it as “the brain’s secretary and the brain’s breaks). The reason kids with ADHD are hyperactive is because that front part of the brain is underactive - the hyperactivity is beca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why do chickens keep their head in a fixed location? | [
"The answers so far are all mostly correct, but are missing the main underlying reason why this is required. Unlike other animals, most birds cannot move their eyeballs in their skull. Instead their eyes are pointing in a fixed direction. Since they cannot move their eyeballs to stabilize their vision they must sta... | [
"Looks like the bird didn't taste good. he shakes his head like bleh! when he gets it out of the water and starts stuffing other food in his mouth trying to get rid of the taste."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
When a certain body part falls asleep for a while, why does it start tingling? And for body parts that have been asleep for a long time, why does it hurt so much to move or touch them? | [
"This is called \"paresthesia,\" and in this transient form **is nothing to be concerned about.** When you physically compress the nerves that cause your limbs to move, they can no longer communicate their nervous impulses to the parts of the body they control. When you relieve the pressure, your nerves can once ag... | [
"Some portion of twitching is to help with circulation. The heart only pumps blood out to the extremities, and the muscular movement of those extremities pushes the blood back through the veins. Naturally your body still needs to get blood when you're asleep, and your blood can clot if it doesn't keep moving, so yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Health and Wellness:"
} |
- How are blockbuster movies kept off the internet before disc/digital download release? | [
"Back when I was a pirate in the 2000's it wasn't uncommon for me to have a copy of a movie before opening day. There's always a leak. Back then I found them on Usenet."
] | [
"Also worth noting that the profits from a movie don't end after a month of release. DVD sales, rentals, licensing agreements with streaming services etc all create revenue after the initial release of a movie."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
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