query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
- what is actually happening when my eyes go out of focus. | [
"There are sets of incredibly fine muscle fibers that control the shape of the lens of your eye, which then controls its ability to focus. These muscles can fatigue from over use, age, or by staring at the same distance (i.e. a screen) for too long. Because of this, it's good to periodically look away from the scre... | [
"Pixels. The white areas are composed of red greed and blue pixels. Your brain sees those colours, white, and black, at the same time and doesn't know what to do. Looking away means your brain has to again, readjust - thus the wobbly-ness. On a side note, I'm going to be setting that picture as everyone's wallpaper... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is power over ethernet possible? | [
"Two main ways: 1. Simply take advantage of unused wires and send power over then. Ethernet cables have 8 wires organized into 4 pairs. At 100 Mbps, 2 pairs are unused. At 1 Gbps though, all 4 pairs are in use, so another method is needed. 2. Ethernet uses differential signaling. The exact voltages on the cables do... | [
"Ethernet is pervasive, cheap and people can make their own cables easily. They also support much longer cable runs than USB (unsure about lightning max run length). It provides all of the necessary speed and reliability that networks need and there are decades of protocols built around twisted pair cabling. For hi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
- If you breath in dust, where does it go? | [
"You can get asthma and other respiratory issues if you keep breathing it. Get a dust mask/respirator and/or clean the place."
] | [
"Because the same air is coming out of your lungs and back out of your nose. Like asking why you taste food when throwing up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Health:"
} |
Why can organs be donated after we die but not blood? | [
"Livor Mortis sets in pretty quickly- it's the fourth stage of death. The blood sinks to the \"bottom\" of the body - basically, whatever point is lowest. Without the heart agitating the blood, the red blood cells sink to the bottom of the liquid, and then the rest of the blood seperates by density. So it may be po... | [
"Donating your organs is if you die unexpectedly while healthy (like in a car crash) and they can be given to people who need them for transplant (it requires that they be fresh). If you're much older, your organs may not be ideal for transplant. Donating yourself as a cadaver, they'll preserve you so you can be ex... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why exactly does one need to go to the bathroom when they’re nervous? | [
"Its a Fight or Flight response. You body is trying to make yourself lighter to help you run away from dangers."
] | [
"And why do I have the urge to cough when using them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Windows search files instantly | [
"If it actually searched the files, it would be. However, what it searches is a multi-dimensional table of keywords, created and updated in the background whenever a file is created or changed, which still can't be done instantly but can get far closer to instant than the human brain can perceive. Google and other... | [
"This sums it up nicely for you. _URL_0_ It's basically to prevent view rigging."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is Columbine so much more infamous than any other American school shooting? | [
"Because it was the first of the publicity shootings. It was the Marilyn Monroe of school tragedies. People really didn't think this kind of thing was possible. That schools were just not a place of this kind of violence. It was made worse by the incessant media coverage and the constant replaying and constant eeri... | [
"Females are more likely to take angst out on themselves. However, the song \"I don't like Mondays\" by the Boomtown Rats was about a female who shot up a school, and the title was her answer as to why she did it. Also, here in Colorado, a school shooting by a female who intended to follow the Columbine example was... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Diagnostics using radioactive nuclides, how does it work? | [
"There's a variety of similar techniques but basically the radioactivity makes them easier to see with special cameras. So you inject them into the body and they could, for example, show you where blood is flowing so you can see where vessels, arteries etc. are or where blockages or leaks are occurring. They might... | [
"There are several ways. The most obvious way to get a number on these is through a process, aptly known as, calorimetry. Essentially, burning a weighed sample and keeping track of the amount and rate of the energy released. Edit for added information: Such specifics as which vitamins that are present and for a gre... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is the difference between white and clear ice if any, and what is the difference in how they form | [
"Water has gasses dissolved in it, and the cold it gets, the less of those gases it can hold. When water is frozen quickly, those gases form bubbles because they don't have time to escape. When water is frozen more slowly, they do escape and the ice is clear."
] | [
"There actually is a small difference in how quickly the drink will cool depending on the order in which you added the cream, but in this case, it's far too small to have an impact. Your assertion that there is a noticeable temperature difference is incorrect."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Language and culture:"
} |
Why is it that we hear the minor key as sadder and darker, but the major key as happier | [
"It's not universal. You are the product of the Western tonal tradition, so you have absorbed a lot of associations. But it's not necessarily associated that way in other musical cultures, or even throughout the history of Western music. & #x200B; But interestingly, Hindemith wrote that the minor triad is inherent... | [
"I think it's just cultural conditioning. In the Middle East, among other places, minor keys are used all the time for celebratory music. Plus, it's not just minor or major keys, tempo and style have a lot to do with it as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
How are we able to think and hear our own voice inside our head like we actually hear it | [
"The parts of your brain involved with speaking and hearing are i volved with thinking. Your brain acts like its speaking and hearing without actually speaking or hearing, it does everything up til the point of actually making the muscles work to speak. And it knows what will be said and how it should sound, so the... | [
"We don't actually hate them. Our voice \"Spreads\" to our whole body through our bones. This means that when we talk, part of what we said goes to our ears through the bones and makes us believe that our voice is what we hear when we talk therefore when listening to it through a tape or video we disliked it becaus... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do insects fly around random points in space, and why is it usually directly above a pathway? | [
"Definitely confirmation bias. You as an observer are usually walking on a path, where you spot insects. You can make no conclusion about the population of bugs away from where you observe. Same reason why people think all bugs go towards light; those are the ones they see, they don't see the bugs which fly away fr... | [
"Moths, for example, use to moon to fly as an navigation point and aren't attracted towards light per se but will get confused by flying past sources of artificial light. They would never try and fly to the sun or moon."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
if fruits and berries are sweet to attract animals to eat them and spread seeds, why do so many of them (like blackberries) have needle-like thorns that hurt like a mofo when you try to pick them? | [
"To stop animals from eating the plant in addition to its berries. The small to medium birds that are the ideal seed-spreaders can fit between the torns no problem."
] | [
"The seed isn't the spicy part of the pepper, it's the membrane *inside* the pepper that's spicy. Since the seeds are connected to the membrane, they get spicy oils on them & scraping them off often removes a bunch of that membrane so people erroneously believe that the seeds are spicy. Why are peppers spicy? To st... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If you put two liquids together and one is as cold as the other one is hot, will it stabilize in the middle or fluctuate towards hot or cold? | [
"Well, it's a bit of a tricky question with the variables. If it was only the hot water and cold water and no other influences then they'll even out in the middle there. However you've got to think about heat radiating out to the vessel or into the air or into the mechanism used to mix the two liquids. Like 99C wa... | [
"Unlike the common misconception entropy has nothing to do with the complexity of something or the amount of disorder in the world. It’s about the distribution of energy. Entropy is the idea that in a closed system the energy will homogenise. Like your 5. If you have a cold room and put a hot thing into it the hot ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
- how do you tell between a single and double yolk egg? I just learned that you can buy cartons of double yolk eggs. How do they KNOW they’re that way for sure? | [
"Looks like there's a few different things you might be able to detect. For one, double yolks tend to be larger and weigh more. All commercial eggs in the US also go through a process called \"candling\" which is basically put them up to a strong light so you can see better what's going on inside."
] | [
"Fertilization. None of the eggs you buy to eat are fertilized. Plus, eggs actually take a considerable amount of time to go bad, you can't even hard boil an egg before it's two weeks old."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do people in countries with different alphabets learn math? Do they learn the "abcdefg" one or integrate their own symbols? | [
"As far as I know, they use the same letters, even cursive scripts such as Arabic. But the English alphabet isn't the only alphabet used in math. The Greek alphabet is used extensively, and even Hebrew is used at least once."
] | [
"The thing about numbers is not 100% true, some asian languages also have different number systems. Often they only use the \"western\" numbers because they are easier to read for non native speakers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
- Why is water footprint important? | [
"Few reasons, (1) You need to purify water to make it suitable for agriculture, that purification takes energy. (2) You need to get the water from where it is to where you want it to be. If the natural water cycle doesn't do that for you again it takes energy to transport it (3) Sometimes you pollute the water in y... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
what are prion diseases? Are they like other diseases or are they completely different? | [
"Bacterial diseases are caused by bacteria, viral diseases are caused by viruses and prion diseases are caused by prions. Prions are proteins that can have two states (or more) one that is harmless, and one that is harmful. And unfortunately a prion in the harmful state, can cause other prions in the harmless state... | [
"Many diseases are limited to a single species. So, by eating other kinds of meat there are a lot of infections that may be in it, but just isn't an issue anyway. While, by eating meat of the same species you are receptive to all the diseases in the meat. The extreme case are prion diseases, they are misfolded prot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do cars feel like they perform better when they're clean? | [
"It might be the subconscious psychological effect of less things rolling around and rattling inside, making the vehicle feel more confident."
] | [
"Aside from technical reasons that cause cars to run most efficiently when they're way below their max speed, you're also allowed to drive whatever speed you want on private property."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what factors determine a car’s fuel take being on the left or right side of the vehicle? | [
"It's mostly a question of packaging. There's a whole host of structural and functional elements that need to fit under the surface of a car. Some may be more constrained than others. So you'll generally put the less constrained items (like the fuel tank, which can be on their side) wherever makes the most sense ba... | [
"Be cause driving in the middle is way to dangerous by designating a side left or right makes it safer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Automotive:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Automotive:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do horses start side by side while runners are spread at equal distance before the race? | [
"They will generally only spread runners out to compensate if they are restricted to a certain lane during the race. In races where there's no \"lane\" (like horse racing) everyone can move to the innermost lane basically immediately."
] | [
"I always assumed they were setting/digging in their feet for better traction. Similar to how a runner will set and adjust their footing on the starting blocks or whatever they're called. Better traction gives them a faster start which is pretty important when trying to close the distance on their prey."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is the USA simultaneously at it's lowest rates of unemployment in recent history and highest rates of welfare (being called welfare state)? | [
"Department of Labor is only using those that are receiving unemployment benefits as unemployed while those that use any from of government assistance (WIC, foodstamps, etc.) are a welfare recipient. This means more people are working (most likely multiple jobs) and still qualify to be poor enough for government as... | [
"Keeping it politically neutral - the unemployment rate measures the unemployed who are actively looking for work. This has shrunk drastically, as working age people (particularly in the 20s-30s) have dropped out of the workforce. Some hiding out in graduate programs, some probably becoming permanent wards of the s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do areas in the same latitude have vastly different climates? | [
"The UK is further north than Newfoundland yet has a much milder maritime climate and average yearly temperature of around 10°C. The reason for this is oceanic currents. In the case of the UK, the Gulf Stream brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico all the way to the coast of Ireland and Britain. This has a sign... | [
"Many people try to dismiss the idea of climate change by saying things like \"if average temperatures are going up then why is it snowing outside\". But weather is a day-to-day phenomenon whereas climate means trends in weather over a large area and a large time period. Rises in average global temperature will hav... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
- Why do so many people have such an intense fear of bugs and insects, most of which are completely harmless? | [
"There are certainly a whole host of reasons, from society to culture to biology. I do remember, however, a study a bit back where babies were more likely to have a negative response to certain creatures like spiders and snakes. These make sense as both can be deadly if the right species, and while we have antiveno... | [
"I seriously doubt that it is instinctual for humans to be afraid of insects or other creepy crawlies. To me, it seems that the fear is a learned behavior. As a kid, I was never afraid of ants, caterpillars, etc. Children do not seem to develop any fear of insects or other things until they are harmed by one or tau... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do most governments use asphalt instead of concerts for paving roads? | [
"Concrete is hard and rigid, but asphalt is hard and a bit more flexible. This allows pressure of cars to drive over it without causing damage. Concrete being more brittle makes it more likely to crack. If it does crack, concrete is harder to fix. It requires a lot more work and time to take the bad chunk out and ... | [
"Concrete is more likely to be used in the South because the winters aren't as bad on roads. Ice and the expansion of it as it freezes messes up roads no matter where it happens. Since that happens more in the North than the South, they use asphalt in the North more so that they can repair it more easily - you can ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the point of Picture Day when you can just take a photo of your kid yourself? | [
"So the trick is that a professional photographer with special equipment, lighting and training will make a better photo than just you on your phone. Yes, you will pay more money for it, but for many parents it's worth the money to have a really high quality photo done for you rather than having to do so on your ow... | [
"I just want you to know you're not alone. This happened to me every damn time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does GoodRx get you lower prices on prescriptions? How do they make money in the first place? | [
"Some background on how pharmacies work: Manufacturers make medicines and send them to distributors who then sell and deliver them to pharmacies. The pharmacies pay an acquisition cost for medications then set the sale price (U & C). On the patient side, insurance companies contract with a pharmacy benefits manager... | [
"tl;dr: The cost. Edit: Should have re-read your prompt. It really is just the cost. Long version: Generic drugs are equivalent to brand-name medications in every way, or at least that is how they are supposed to be and the FDA does have a hand in ensuring that this is the case. Generic drug manufacturers however c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Can empirical rule be applied to discreet variables? | [
"The empirical rule applies only to normally distributed values. The normal distribution does imply a continuous distribution, however the common binomial distribution for discrete trials approaches a normal distribution for large enough sampling. For the probability of a single day having rain based on previous sa... | [
"By making a multi dimensional function, we can define some outcome by multiple inputs. For example, z = x + y, z is defined by two inputs, x and y. For probabilities involving multiple steps, or probabilities that involve previous conditions, we refer to Bayes theorem, which tells us the relationship between two s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does steroid cream for skin conditions work? And how is it different from the steroids people take to gain muscle? | [
"Steroids regulate your body systems. There are steroids that work in your musculoskeletal system that essentially turn on a signal that says \"grow.\" These are called anabolic steroids (anabolic roughly translates to \"build up\"). On the other hand, steroids used to treat skin conditions are known as corticoster... | [
"In some cases, it's because the undiluted product is dangerously strong and can cause damage to the area if it's not mixed properly. Tacrolimus, used topically at 0.1% or 0.03% on psoriasis and ecsema, can also affect the way the body fights infection since it's an immunosuppressant also given orally after organ t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are music reaction videos monetizable on platforms like YouTube but not cover songs? | [
"Basically because reaction videos fall under fair use, which encompasses satire or educational purposes. A song cover can actually also be monetized, depending on how the property owner has set their preferences. In general, if your cover uses the original track in any way, the IP owner can chose to block, restric... | [
"Vevo is on youtube, but not owned by it. Its owned by an alliance of record companies as a platform to distribute their music videos. It was created with the intent of recovering lost revenue from users posting official music videos on their own personal accounts."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is a sewer system doing wrong when methane gas builds up? | [
"Improper ventilation can cause the buildup of sewer gases. I believe that stagnate water in the sewers also contributes a lot to the build up of sewer gases. This is usually caused by blockages such as when too many people are illegally dumping oils and solid items down the drain."
] | [
"They are called traps and always full of water to prevent sewer gasses from coming up through the drain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
- People with down syndrome having children | [
"The chromosomes of two healthy humans add up to 92. To make your child have only 46 chromosomes, one of your cells split in a very particular way in which, rather than making a full copy of all 46 chromosomes to go into both new cells, it just pulls have it's chromosomes into one cell and the other half into what... | [
"People with hands and regrets about their life choices. This is why many systems request you sort them yourself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do most birds move their heads in sudden movements, instead of smooth motion? | [
"Simply put, so they can see. If you look down on your feet while walking, the ground looks like a smudge and you can't make out details. If you follow the ground with your eyes and quickly move from one spot to the other (like looking out of a train or car window), you can see the ground much more clearly. That's ... | [
"They fix their eyes on a point as long as possible and then quickly whip their head round and fix on the same spot again. This isn't always possible though so they try and keep their eyes level so they only spin on one axis to reduce the spinning effect. These are usually followed up by a slow easy move to allow t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are all economies expected to "grow"? Why is an equilibrium bad? | [
"Other answers have all answered some of the reasons why, but here's another: Innovation and increases in technological capacity should be cumulatively and continually increasing. So long as this is true, then the economy should naturally grow with it."
] | [
"> How does the size of the national debt affect the average cost of living? It doesn't unless interest rates on government debt rise. This could cause deflation which would effect both cost of living and living standards. > Why does the average person want the debt to go down? Because the average person doesn't u... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does milk, become cheese? | [
"An enzyme is added to a vat of milk that causes the fats present to clump together and separate from the water content. The water or whey is ten drained away ad you have the start of cheese. After that it depends on what kind you're making how you would treat the curd (fat). Generally the curd is salted and presse... | [
"Just because something is made from vegetables doesn't automatically make it healthy. Heroin is made from vegetables."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are Cowbirds and other birds that lay eggs in other’s nests able to maintain calls and behaviors despite having no learning from parents? | [
"Actually, in cowbirds there may be more learning from parents or other cowbirds than you would expect, at least according to [a study from a few years ago](_URL_0_) . Essentially, when they’re old enough to leave the nest, many juvenile cowbirds tend to roost away from the hosts’ nest. When they’re away, they can... | [
"It only works biologically if you have a huge number of eggs/children per single sexual encounter. That way you keep the territorial male away from your children and prevent any other females from getting the genes you determined to be important. Its more for biological competition within a species"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can food be considered 100% but there are other ingredients? | [
"There is a big difference between “made of” and “made with.” If something says made with 100% lemon juice, that just means 100% lemon juice is one of the ingredients. If it’s made of 100% lemon juice, it had better be lemon juice."
] | [
"You’d be surprised, water is heavy. Also, in the US they’re not required to list “inert” ingredients. Non-nutritional ingredients, etc. Not sure if that’s the case elsewhere."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does my record player know the vinyl is finished so that the arm lifts up and goes back to the rest and stops it spinning? | [
"Because it get close to the center and at a certain angle a connection closes to start that action."
] | [
"When you bump the walkman, you can cause the disc to literally skip, meaning that you cause a rotation other than that caused by the motor. When this happens, the walkman has to spin the disk and find its place again before continuing. If you walkman has \"anti-skip\" protection, it is simply a flash buffer where ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In Western music, how was it decided that one octave equals 7 notes? Why isn't it 5 or 10 notes? | [
"First thing to note: a full octave actually consists of twelve notes. This is called the chromatic scale. In Western music, the major and minor scales (used for most songs), use 7 of the 12 available notes in each octave. Next thing to note is that an octave between two notes means that that higher note resonates ... | [
"As you probably know, each note is made up of a sound wave, with a specific frequency, and it's the frequency which makes a note a C rather than a D or an A. The thing which makes notes in the same scale work together is that the ratios of the frequencies are nice, neat numbers. For example, G (which is a perfect ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the difference between sell by dates, best if used by dates, and expiration dates on food products? Why do different foods use a different date type? | [
"Sell by date- this is when the store should remove the product. This is often erring on the side of caution. Best by date- when a product's freshness begins to drop. Your food should still be good for a period of time afterwards. Expiration date- your product is inedible once this date has been reached."
] | [
"I can think of two reasons: 1) Companies don't like getting sued. Even though honey can last a long time, certain conditions might cause it to go bad, mostly due to the packaging. If someone eats some ten year old honey and gets sick because the packaging went bad, they could sue the company. To cover their asses,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does say 70 degrees indoors in the winter feel cool whereas in the summer 70 degrees indoors is typically a warm indoor temp and you'd turn on your air conditioning? | [
"Is that backwards? I feel like 70 in the winter is warm af and 70 in the summer is cool af. Likely because your body acclimates to the certain temps outdoor, and to heat or cool your house is warmer or cooler, etc. Also, lower humidity in the summer compared to outside and the lower humidity will feel cooler... ... | [
"This is more related to relative temperature than actual water temperature. The pool temp is probably pretty constant, we'll call it 65 degrees Fahrenheit. If it's 90 degrees outside and your body has started to adjust to that setting, 65 degree water is going to feel nice and cool. On the other hand, jumping in a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What is the difference between a Democrat and a Republican? | [
"The way my old man told me when I asked him: Conservatives (Republicans) want to keep things the way they are. Progressives (Democrats) want to change things. What those things are exactly changes with the times."
] | [
"That is your political affiliation. Welcome to the Republican Party"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do traffic lights work? | [
"So... Inductive loops, video and microwaves can all be used to\"sense\". Signal timings are based on the speed of the corridor, the amountof traffic on each street and turning in different directions, and sometimes on nearby signals of they are coordinated. Basically, the sensors tell the computer what is going on... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why is it that when you are with the person/people you love, all your worries go away? | [
"Because love is really just a chemical reaction in your brain, and a potent one at that. Love: It's a helluva drug."
] | [
"Wow, a lot of original and free thinkers here. What if you can't talk to most people, can't express yourself out of shame, embarrassment, whatever. What if you, in this state, have struggled with friendships, work relationships, family, everything, and eventually wonder how anyone keeps living. And then you random... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why Do our stomachs hurt when we’re nervous? | [
"When you become nervous, your body releases a chemical called epinephrine that preps you to either fight back or run away. It makes your heart beat faster, makes your muscles tighten, and causes hyperventilation. These are all to prepare you for fighting or fleeing. One of these other effects is that it halts dige... | [
"Your body is telling you to quit smoking. Listen to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why we need to use money in a society. | [
"Because if I have chickens and need a blanket, not only do I need to find someone who wants to trade a blanket, but also needs chickens. Money is just an accepted placeholder for trade. (we've gotten out of money and into currency as a people, but that's a whole different can of worms.)"
] | [
"in few words - the idea that there is no \"right\" answer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how carbonated drinks retain their fizz. | [
"They are stored in a gas tight container co the carbon dioxide in the drink cant escape from the container. So some carbon dioxide will leave the drink and will mix with the air in the container but the pressure of the air will then rise. At some point the pressure will be so high so the carbon dioxide will no lo... | [
"It does. I buy a new gallon every two weeks. _URL_0_ As for carbonated drinks not coming in cartons, they couldn't support the high pressures and would lose their fizz."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why one struggles to sleep in the start but quickly falls back to sleep after snoozing the alarm? | [
"Newton's first law: objects in motion tend to stay in motion, while objects at rest tend to stay at rest."
] | [
"Depends. What kind of waking up are you talking about? The one where you have no chance to go to sleep again (insomnia style) or more like waking up, realizing it’s still bed time, rolling to the side and going back to sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:"
} |
Why does the human body sometimes reject a organ transplant? | [
"The body is very particular about what it allows to stay inside of it. That is why we get sick if we get a virus or bacterial infection. The body says to itself, this shouldn’t be in here, and tries to get rid of it. Same thing goes for transplanted organs. There are many factors that go into choosing a proper ma... | [
"> If a patient only suffers the failure of one kidney, why are they in need of a donor They don't. That would make no sense. You only need a new kidney if both of your kidneys don't function correctly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what useful purpose does it serve to society, that we allow corporations the legal fiction of being a 'person'? | [
"Non-people can't be sued. Corporate personhood isn't intended to give corporate entities rights, it is intended to allow them to be liable as an entity instead of the head of them liable. basically if you own a company, and that company (but not you directly) through negligence causes me harm, I can sue the compan... | [
"If what they do is actually illegal, they often do. But the tax code is complex, and most of the tax dodges take advantage of loopholes in the tax code rather than just outright breaking it. That being said, the \"corporations are people\" notion is a misconception. They were ruled to be people *in the sense that ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do plants know what direction to grow for light? | [
"Your plant has growth hormones in it called *auxins* that regulate its growth. A hypothesis in the 1920s led to the discovery that these auxins move around the cell in response to light; specifically, they move away from the light towards the shaded parts of the plant. Once there, the auxins activate proton pumps ... | [
"Because that is where there aren't any trees to get in their way (as there are on each side of them) and trees try to maximize how much sunlight their leaves can get. This is because sunlight is how plants get their energy. So tree branches will grow more where there is more light for them to access."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Botany:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Botany:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does art get better throughout history? | [
"In most cases, old art is highly valued because it was the first of its kind. It used a new technique, a unique style, ... and influenced how future artists paint. Only the unique, pioneering artists become famous and highly valuable. Reddit charcoal artists make very nice art, and a lot of people may be willing ... | [
"why do we yawn when we read about yawning?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Art and History:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Art and History:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do Penguins swim faster by continuously jumping out of the water? | [
"Second one. Water is well over 700 times denser than air, so the bit of energy required to launch upwards is offset by the fact that they don't have to be constantly driving themselves forward through the water, a good portion of their travel is done through the air."
] | [
"The GIF appears to be upside-down. At the beginning, the whale is falling back into the water after breaching into the air."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What happens when Lake Mead reaches dead pool level? | [
"Lake Mead will shut off the water going to California before it gets to that level. The Power gen takes priority. But assuming even that is not sufficient then yes, they will have to shut off the power. No, there is not a back up that can produce that volume of electricity."
] | [
"In Vegas, most water comes from the impoundment of the Colorado River at Lake Mead (Hoover Dam). Some of this water goes to California as well. The Colorado River is used so extensively, by the time it crosses Mexico, the water is highly polluted and salty. It's flow has been so affected, it no longer reaches the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
The world is trillions of dollar in debt (supposedly), well who owns this debt if everyone is in debt? | [
"I saw some explanation of this a while ago. In true ELI5 fashion: If bobby owes 5 bucks to tammy, and tammy owes 5 bucks to Tommy, who owes 5 bucks to bobby, the total debt is 15 bucks. But in theory they have enough money when they collect the debt they are owed, but they can't because the other person needs his ... | [
"The us has a debt of trillions of dollars, the deficit is about 900M this year ish. As for your question of where the US national DEBT came from, loads of places. It is hard to pick one or two things because the US has been in debt since 1836. So you know... some of everything the US has bought since then. The rea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do some drinks never taste the same once they have been frozen and then defrosted? | [
"If the taste depends on gas such as CO2 dissolved in it, that will come out of solution on freezing."
] | [
"The ketchup at a restaurant is likely fresher than the ketchup you have at home, because they refill those bottles quite frequently. Also, restaurant ketchup is kept at room temperature. The flavor of ketchup goes bad in the refrigerator. You can test this by making some fries at home and comparing the taste of a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
If your heart pumps more blood when you are well trained, do a well trained person bleed out faster if stabbed or shot? | [
"Your heart actually pumps \"less\" blood when you are well trained! Being well trained means you're able to use your blood and the oxygen in your blood more efficiently which means you need less blood flow to the area! This is why extremely fit people have lower resting heart rates and lower heart rates when exerc... | [
"The heart is a muscle. Use it or lose it. Like, if you use your heart often you are training it like any other muscle, so when you have to do some heavy work when you are a couch potatoe you are more prone to heartattacks and what not, because your heart isn't really used to do all that work."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is tetanus and why do they say you get it from rusty metal? | [
"Rusted metal doesn't actually cause tetanus. Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which often resides in soil, dust, feces etc. Tetanus can be caused by any puncture wound infected with this bacterium. The reason why rusted metal poses a higher risk of infection has to do with the depth of the p... | [
"Flu is a family of many different viruses that continuously mutate. Tetanus doesn't mutate as much. One shot every ten years is good enough, and a booster if you get an open wound."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do medications all have long and complicated names? What is the process to get that name? | [
"Most of them are the chemical compound names. Compounds can get very complicated especially when they are large organic molecules so there are naming rules. Those long and complicated names completely describe the structure of the compound so someone who knows how to read it could \"draw\" exactly what that compou... | [
"Active ingredients will be the same. The name brand was attached to a lab that \"discovered\" the medicine, and they can charge a lot at first because of their patent on the drug while often allows only them to produce it for several years. (Also to cover the costs it took to make the drug and experiment) so when ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what is the “lump in your throat” feeling you get when you’re fighting back tears. | [
"Fight or flight nervous response. To increase oxygen intake, the autonomic nervous system makes us breath faster, and expands the glottis, the opening in the throat that allows air to flow from the larynx to the lungs. The expansion of the glottis in and of itself does not create a lumpy feeling, until we try to s... | [
"Could be conditioning, you may happen to have been listening to the song when you were already feeling a sense of contentment and now you associate that feeling to the song whenever you play it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why are rainclouds grey? | [
"Rain clouds are gray instead of white because of their thickness, or height. That is, a cloud gets thicker and denser as it gathers more water droplets and ice crystals — the thicker it gets, the more light it scatters, resulting in less light penetrating all the way through it."
] | [
"Because clouds are required for snow and overcastness warms the land like a blanket."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do peoples eyes roll back when experiencing extreme pleasure? | [
"Rolled back is your eyes natural / at rest position - your muscles keep them pointed forward. During sleep, orgasm, moments of extreme distraction, etc these muscles may relax fully, causing the eyes to roll back slightly or completely. Drugs may also interfere with these muscles causing a roll-back effect."
] | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Health and wellness:"
} |
why do mobile websites load, and load again, and change their spacing again? Oops, and there's an ad. Better jump the screen around a bit. | [
"Can't speak for other developers, but in order to load some of our ads we need third party code which needs to be downloaded too. These scripts take longer to load than other smaller assets, like text and images. So the content will jump around a bit to account for the ads that have loaded in the meantime. & #x20... | [
"some web site builders are jerks. For some pages, they have 2 pages (or more) instead of one. The first page is just a redirect to the second. You don't notice this when you go to the page, but when you use the back button, you just go back to the first page which redirects you back to the second page so you can't... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
What's the difference between a Samsung "fast charging" plug and a standard iPhone one? Is there any science to it or is Samsung just trying to shoehorn my money into their pockets by limiting the amount of power its consuming? | [
"The power sources are not necessarily the same. Yes, they'll all provide 5V over the USB connection, but phone chargers are often limited to 1 Amp of current \"draw\" and tablet chargers/\"fast\" chargers will allow current and voltatges above the USB specification. The most common is 5V @ 2.1Amps, but the Samsung... | [
"Fast charging works by providing a different voltage or having a lot of current available. It requires a special charger that can work with the phone. The phone and the charger negotiate what type of power will be used Phones still support the standard 5V 500mA charging that's been standard for a long time so they... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What happens when a tap is off? Does the water just wait, and how does keeping it there, constantly pressurised, not cause problems? | [
"There isn't a huge amount of pressure there, and it's passive. It's like when you have a water-tank with a tap at the bottom. The water doesn't know a tap is there, until it's opened."
] | [
"Because the source or the water (pipes underground) is warmer than freezing. It takes time for the water to cool down to freeze, by letting the faucet drip, you are not giving it the chance to cool down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do engineers make things vibrate! | [
"It's incredibly simple. They use a small electric motor, with a small weight offset/uncentered on the shaft. When the motor is powered, it wobbles, vibrating the phone."
] | [
"How do you know that you don't sneeze in your sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why are people so worried about unvaxxed children in school with their vaxxed children? Isn't the point if vaxxing to prevent catching diseases from the unvaxxed? | [
"Diseases can mutate if they have enough chance to spread, rendering precious immunizations less effective. Also, there are those who cannot get immunized due to allergies or other illnesses, so they run greater risk than if anybody who could get immunized did."
] | [
"Bubonic plague has not \"disappeared\"....it is still very much out in the wild, it just doesn't effect people as much anymore *because of modern medicine and vaccines*. That is the entire issue with the \"anti-vaccine\" crowd. They spread their misinformation and misunderstanding to people and think that just bec... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do doctors calculate the amount of time dying people have until they die? | [
"The doctors don't calculate much, they look at statistics on the average survival time/rate of people at similar stages of the disease in the past. With experience doctors get quite good at estimating the situation and guessing somewhat precisely but that does not mean the estimate is exactly the time a person has... | [
"With a lot of diseases, your body become so weak that breathing is difficult, and can at teams require a conscious effort. You even have minor attacks, were you have to breath as hard as you can for a while just to stay alive. At some point, you might choose to not make that effort anymore. Also, you can make choi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can a secure wireless (or other) connection be established when the initial communication to establish it is not secure? | [
"Before we established a huge public key infrastructure, a protocol called the [Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol](_URL_0_)was created which enables two parties to generate and secretly share a private key over a public channel which can be used to encrypt future communications. In a nutshell this protocol uses ... | [
"In at least one case (I guess there are others), \"limited connectivity\" means that the computer is able to connect to a network - for instance, the WiFi provided by the router - but not the internet - for instance, if the router doesn't have a connection to the ISP. That means it would be able to send data via n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does sometimes a youtube video buffers in the middle forever and I have to reload the page and skip to that part to have it work? | [
"You are queued up waiting for something that isn't arriving. It's like being in the slow lane at the grocery store and deciding to jump to another checkout lane."
] | [
"Most video players still let you do it. Youtube is pretty much the only one that doesn't. They stopped letting you do it because they're so big, people watch so many Youtube videos, that buffering every single video that anyone watches would waste a ton of their server capacity. If you turn off the video before yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why can't the body just excrete the excessive fat after absorbing the required amount ? | [
"Because for most of human history, consistently eating more than you needed was a *rare* thing. There was no evolutionary pressure towards the kind of mechanism you're talking about."
] | [
"Initially it would, but the way your body processes, stores, and disposes of the waste is where the difference lies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
how exactly do boats with massive sails not just blow over? | [
"Boats have a piece that extends into the water called a keel. Keels generally have a big, dense weight at the end of a long arm. So when the wind is pushing against the sail and wanting to tip the boat over, it has this massive counterweight on the other side forcing it back the other direction. You also have the ... | [
"I never understood how they worked before the triangular sail - if the wind wasn't blowing did the ships just lie idle in the harbor?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Even before colonialism, why were European and Asian countries typically more advanced than African? | [
"Ya. Agriculture. Basically most of africa is bad for farming, meaning people kept living hunter gatherer lifestyles. Europe however is good for farming, people got together in towns and cities, had easier lives and had more time to pool knowledge and resources, ending in technological developments. Thats the ELI5... | [
"Well, you can contrast Northern Africa from Southern Africa. For most of history, Northern Africa wasn't any less developed than the most developed parts of Europe or the Near East (although it fell behind in the early industrial period). In fact, Carthage and Egypt were among the wealthiest, most advanced civiliz... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do some PC screens appear to inverse colors on the screen depending on the viewers angle? | [
"This is caused mostly by the TN LCD's, or Twisted Nematic. These LCD's are cheap and energy efficient, but suffer from poor viewing angles due to way that it bends light through different filters to achieve different colors, or to block light. When you view the display at different angles, you can see past these f... | [
"Are you comparing them on the same screen (not just computer screen vs phone screen)? If not, the difference in calibration can be huge. Even if they are being viewed on the same display, the setup of the scanner's color management and the phone camera's color accuracy will provide vary different results."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What does a producer do? How is it different from being the director of a film/show? And what's an executive producer? | [
"Producer oversees the making of the film. They work with the script, director, editors, etc. The director controls the actual production of the film itself. They direct the cameras, give prompts and advice/suggestions to the actors on how to make the scene better, etc. Executive Producers basically just bankroll... | [
"They are basically the one who is getting the movie made. They find financing for the movie. They aren't necessarily doing any work like screenwriting, directing, or acting, though sometimes people who are \"producing\" the movie also have these roles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how does a heads up display, display the image sort of not as a reflection but far back floating in the air? | [
"I think the comments so far are missing what you are asking. HUDs are unique in that the imagery appears to be floating further out in front of you than a reflection like what you'd see in a car window. Mitary HUDs (and those red dot sights you see on some weapons) use something called a collimator to focus the im... | [
"Its a curved lense, so technically you can. Its just from one side you see an enlarged fish eye view, and on the other you see a focused tiny view, which cant really be made out to be anything."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
How does spoofing actually work when you only conceal your private IP but not your NAT’s public IP? | [
"Spoofing in what context? Basically, it doesn't. Unless you're say, using a VPN in which case the public IP seen by a receiving party is that of the VPN server, not of your own router as the traffic is being sent through the VPN tunnel before being sent to its destination server."
] | [
"The MAC address is just an identifier for your computer (well, your network device, to be exact), but it can't be used to locate it. If I take my computer and fly halfway around the world, I'll still have the same MAC address but I'll be in an entirely different location, so how would packets know where to find me... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are old recordings converted to new formats? | [
"The studio mix down and mastering was recorded to a high quality format. In the past this was analogue tape. ie 2\" reel to reel tape This was then duplicated to the delivery medium. Ideally, when going to a newer delivery format, they go back to the highest quality version available. Sometimes it's the mastered v... | [
"It most likely has to do with what it was filmed with and the quality of the original that is used to master the digital copy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does my phone knows/calculates what's the battery percentage left? | [
"The voltage over the battery drops when it discharges and measuring voltage it not that hard. The voltage drop is not linear to the charge left so the manufacturer have a calibration curve from when the discharge a battery in a controlled way so you can covert voltage to percentage."
] | [
"Because you phone isn't completely dead yet. It \"shuts down\" when it has a small about of power left and uses that remaining power to display the low power message and keep your data open."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does a snake that eats something significantly bigger than it digest the food and eventually return to normal size? | [
"The snakes body is made in a way that it can expand. It can unhinge it’s jaw and expand its body to accommodate larger items. Imagine you eat a very large meal and need to loosen your belt to be comfortable afterwards. Snakes do this but on a larger scale. When it comes to digestion, it takes place like any other... | [
"It goes into your stomach, through your intestines, and then back out of you fairly rapidly. It's no different than any other small piece of food you might swallow."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the measures to take in case your country bankrupts? | [
"> Is anarchy inevitable ? Anarchy? Not necessarily, but revolution is likely which tends to come with some lawlessness. > Should I stockpile on food, weapon? If you can stockpile food then your best bet is secrecy, as weapons will only take you so far. You probably can't fight off the entire neighborhood."
] | [
"If we stop paying the fee, the terrorists win."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If you can get gingivitis so easily, how did people survive before proper dental hygiene existed? | [
"My dentist once attributed it to the high amount of sugar in modern diets, where it was pretty scarce historically. Also, people *did* clean their teeth in various ways, like with a rag or by rinsing their mouths or by chewing on a stick from a specific kind of tree."
] | [
"I asked my dentist the same thing, Way back when, it was the norm to have teeth fall out. Since teeth were vital in and before paleolithic times, wisdom teeth were essentially \"back-ups\" for when your molar(s) fell out. Now that we have sophisticated dental practices and proper hygiene, wisdom teeth have become... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do thief's use skimmed credit cards in person? | [
"You can use a mag strip reader/encoder. They're dirt cheap and easy to get. The person who used it probably wasn't the same person who actually stole your numbers. Thankfully merchants see fraud as a cost of doing business and are pretty good about getting your money back."
] | [
"People use mostly same cards (Visa, Mastercard) some are unheard of (Diners) Differences: In EU, People favor using Debit cards instead of Credit cards. There is no \"credit score\" in EU, so people have little motivation to use credit card just to improve credit score. In USA when you pay in restaurant, they take... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why people with poor relative pitch, can sing quite correctly in mind but do it way off when trying out loud? | [
"Muscle controll and strength for the most part. The same reason why some can do handstands and walk around with no problems. This is also why you can get better at singing by practice. Take ed sheeran as an example. Muscle controll is also why you might have the right pitch in your head, but unable to output it c... | [
"You can sing quarter tones as well, but your ear and voice are trained to move in semitones, so this is what you hear and sing most of the time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where do our memories go when you can't remember them temporarily. | [
"it's not so much that the memory has \"gone\" anywhere, but more that the right neural circuit hasn't been lit up yet. imagine your brain like a tree with a bit trunk and then big branches that go into smaller branches to smaller and smaller branches and then to twigs, and the memory is a leaf. you have to access ... | [
"Because we most often remember things we were dreaming when awakened suddenly, big things happen all the time in your dreams, you just don't remember most of them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If fruits exist to entice animals to eat them (and thereby spread the seeds), did fruit develop in response to the existence of animals? Or did fruit exist prior to animals (and if so, why)? | [
"Fruit came after animals. When dinosaurs started walking the earth there was no grass or trees evolved yet. We think of plants as being evolved first, but modern plants are fairly new"
] | [
"Plants don't have a \"desire\" to do anything. In some plants, the \"sperm\" gets blown off the plant by the wind, and hopefully carried to a waiting plant. In others, water has a similar effect. Some plants have their pollen carried from one plant to the next by insects. None of these happens because the plant *d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people still swear on the bible in court if it doesn't actually enforce anything? | [
"You don't swear on the bible in court. You hold up your hand and swear to tell the truth. US Presidents tend to swear on the bible to uphold the constitution, but not all of them do, it's not a requirement."
] | [
"> why is it necessary to be sworn in with your right hand on a book that you may or may not believe in? It's not. No one is required to swear on a bible. You *can* swear on a bible if you like. Or you can just affirm to tell the truth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do languages make up their own names for other countries and languages | [
"Sometimes a whole bunch of people are named after a small group of them that the other country has contact with. For example, there was once a confederation of German tribes called the *Alemanni*. Some people started using the term to refer to all Germans, and today the Spanish word for Germany is *Alemania*. In t... | [
"As I understand it: The main reason is because of the different languages English arose from. We borrowed some words from Latin, some from Greek, some from German, etc., and as a result, our spellings often seem weird and nonintuitive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does Google Chrome need so much RAM to operate? | [
"Google chrome likes to claim how fast it is. One of the best ways to make a program fast, is to keep everything in ram. The other problem with google and many other tech startups, is the programmers working for the company are all younger. Younger programmers didn't grow up conserving ram. It's a lot like my paren... | [
"It uses less memory so you'll be able to take more pictures without backing up to a computer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do substances work on one specific species but not on all the other animals | [
"Different animals have different sets of receptors for all sorts of various chemicals. Most animals don't have a receptor that responds to the active chemical in catnip thus don't show any response as a cat does. Same with a lot of other chemicals which affect some species but not others. Similarly, different spec... | [
"You can genetically sequence them and if their genomes match up (barring minor mutations) then you can say they're the same species. You can also use a series of tests, such as growing them in different environments and using chemical markers that react differently to different byproducts, to determine how they re... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do delayed release pills work? | [
"Some ways include having a stronger coating around the medication so that it is digested after a period of time or some act as something called “pro-drug”. Essentially, pro drugs have to be metabolized twice in order to work, which takes longer. For example: I use Vyvanse , it’s a controlled substance that I take ... | [
"Same ingredients, same results. Placebo effect might lead you to believe otherwise."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is retrocompatibility so hard to achieve on modern consoles when a significantly different and rather cheap system like the Wii was able to do it ? | [
"Because compatiblity through emulation is difficult and almost always inexact. For true compatiblity you want the same hardware. The Wii was backwards compatible with the GameCube because the Wii was just a faster GameCube with more RAM so it was easy to just reduce the clockspeed to run older games. Other console... | [
"No. Yes, it could potentially read the discs (I don't know what copy-protection is on the PS3 discs, someone correct me if a DRM scheme would prevent it), but it couldn't interpret all the instructions in the PS3 game code to parts of the PS3's hardware. Previous generations that were backwards compatible (PS1 on ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why, if you're not guilty, are you still required to pay court fees? | [
"In criminal court, you do not get compensated for your legal defense, win or lose. Whatever money you spend on lawyers and investigators comes out of your own pocket. This is why only rich people get the best legal team, because they can afford it. In civil courts, this depends on the jurisdiction. In some place, ... | [
"Bail is set after you are arrested but before your actual trial. It's money paid as a promise that you'll actually show up to court so you don't have to sit in jail until then. If you show up to court, you get the money back. It has nothing to do with the outcome of the case."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do the spires on gothic cathedrals have those knobs on them? | [
"The spires are called [pinnacles](_URL_1_), and the knobs are called [crockets](_URL_0_), and are ornamental. According to this [PDF](_URL_2_) they help direct the flow and drip of water away from the walls (no eaves)."
] | [
"A pyramid is the easiest type of building to make. Any group of people who want to make a large structure are always going to start with a pyramid. Staircases are always going to take more work. So, if you want to walk to the top you will always make one section a stair case which is always going to be straight up... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Architecture:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Architecture:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does a greenscreen have to be green? | [
"It doesn't have to be green, in fact many productions use blue screen. Iirc, that particular green is used because it seldom interferes with things that don't need ti be keyed out and replaced"
] | [
"Dumb follow up question. Do people see the mirror you or the picture you?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Russia so huge? | [
"A lot of that land is the inhospitable area known as Siberia. It's a desolate wasteland of tundra that even the Mongolians don't want, and it would foolish to try and take over. After all, one should never start a land war in Asia."
] | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are glasses prescriptions determined and then created so precisely? | [
"The lens of your eye focuses an image on the back of your eye where it hits the retina. If it is blurry than it needs to be focused because the point where it's focused is before it hits your eye or it doesn't. That would make you nearsighted or farsighted. Those massive optometrist glasses where they ask this or ... | [
"Prescription reading glasses are not cheap. You have to go through the entire process of having your eyes examined and a specific prescription crafted. This is a medical procedure and fairly highly regulated. \"Reading Glasses\" are not prescription glasses. They are general magnification at set powers that are n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does contact lens solution disinfect contacts while remaining safe for the eye? | [
"The old style contact lenses actually had a two stage process where you put the lenses into a strong cleanser overnight then rinsed them in a wash solution to get rid of it before putting them in your eyes. If you forgot part 2, for example because you'd just woken up, it was apparently an extremely painful mistak... | [
"The longer you wear a contact the longer the contact has to keep its shape and be maintained in the eye environment. At the same time, your eye needs to have a certain level of exposure to the oxygen in the air. You don't want to inhibit contact breathability or risk roughing the lens and scraping your eye (i.e ul... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do people have "tells" when lying? | [
"Despite what we like to believe, most of our actions are not consciously controlled. So, when we lie, our face and our body give away clues as to what the rest of our subconscious brain is really thinking in ways we can't control. This is for a variety of reasons, such as it makes us nervous to lie, part of our br... | [
"I do it because I have an anxiety disorder linked to talking on the phone. Maybe you do too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do antacids help indigestion if acid is what digests food? | [
"Your stomach got too spicy (ph level). Antacids are made of ingredients that cancel out or soak up (negate and potentially absorb) the extra spicy."
] | [
"Some drugs can hurt your stomach and cause reflux. The candy coating makes it take longer to digest, so it digests in the small intestine and doesn't hurt your tummy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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