query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why can some video games host 10s of players with no lag while others can't seem to host a lag-free 1-on-1? | [
"Without even trying to explain what causes lag, the short answer is that some programmers know what they are doing and some don’t."
] | [
"A local coop game requires more processing power to render the game from multiple viewpoints. As the last generation of consoles dragged on longer and longer, developers were having problems making the game continue to make the game look better and better while also leaving enough ram and processing power for the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What causes glitch worlds/levels in video games? | [
"In some games, the 'glitch worlds' are just development worlds. Where the game developers can take the character to easily test certain functions of the game without having to manually get to each part in the normal game world. & #x200B; Some glitch worlds occur due to certain elements of the world being stored i... | [
"A 'mod' is short for modification. It can be anything from improving accuracy of aiming a gun in a FPS, to adding extra levels in a platformer game. Anyone with computer knowledge including modelling and programming can make a mod. They are mostly for computer video games, as the files are easily edited. Usually, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What’s the difference between psychology and sociology? What’s the difference between sociology and cultural anthropology? | [
"Sociology focuses on groups/ multiple people as the unit of analysis, while psychology focuses on the individual. There is overlap because each field recognizes that the individual is never \"just\" an individual but always influenced by others (and even takes the perspective of others in its own minds). Sociology... | [
"Psychology is not a medical field, it's a social science. Psychiatry is a medical field. I've never heard of anybody deny the conceptual validity of psychology."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is Sensory Overload? | [
"Too much stuff for your senses to keep track of happening at once - a lot of stimulus can become disorienting."
] | [
"Next Week's Theme: 'Royalty, Nobility, and the Exercise of Power' To be followed by: \"Eastern Europe\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does “Hollywood accounting” work? | [
"Lets say big movie studio like Warner Bros wanted to make Forrest Gump 2. They would make an 'on paper' company (to make the movie) called 'Forrest Gump 2 Movie Company' then charge anything they wanted to the Forrest Gump company. Basically huge fees and although the film is a smash hit, they (Warner Bros) can ma... | [
"Let me answer that question with another question: what do you think \"lobbying\" is?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why was I not killed or even hurt from an electric shock? | [
"The effect of the shock depends on many factors. A wall outlet is rated to provide *up to* 15 or 20 amps, but the actual current delivered depends on what’s plugged in. Human skin has high resistance so you’d only get a few milliamps of current. Also, the harm depends on the path the current takes through the body... | [
"I did this by accident once a year or two ago and a giant meteor crashed into Russia."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does it entail when a business is “100% employee owned”? | [
"I work for an employee owned business, so my information is based on how my company works. The founder of the company put all the company shares into a trust, this trust stated that the employees were equal owners of those shares and were to be given the dividends that shareholders would get. This means that rathe... | [
"After you respond, be sure to ask, \"How do you see the company changing over that timespan?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
The volume for the shape of a cylinder is pi(r)^2xh. Why is this not the same calculation for determining the volume of displacement in the cylinder of an engine? | [
"It should be the same calculation. Who told you that it isn't?"
] | [
"That the surface area of a sphere is four times the area of a circle of the same radius is \"coincidental\". 4pir^2 is the first derivative of the formula for the *volume* of a sphere: 4pir^3 / 3. This sorta makes sense if you think of an infinitely small rise in r as being a infinitely-thin shell around the spher... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do home users use virtual machines | [
"The same way everyone else does. Software testing, running legacy programs that no longer work on modern OS's, encapsulation to help prevent programs from interfering with others, running virtual desktops for thin/zero clients, honeypots to catch hackers, etc. The only difference is that VM's at home are much less... | [
"A pragmatic reasoning could be that the majority of computer users have no clue how to install an operating system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do remote controls use infrared light instead of other wavelengths? | [
"Very low wavelength bands are already occupied by radios and microwaves and have a lot of noise. Visible light is visible of course. Ultraviolet is too energy intensive to generate, and you definitely don't want to be shooting x-rays around the living room. So the near-IR it is."
] | [
"Light and radiowaves are both forms of electromagnetic radiation. They can both be used to transmit information, Fibre optic cables, your infrared remote on the television and many other technologies use light as the communication medium."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why do passenger planes keep life vests and no parachutes under every seat? | [
"Becuase at the levels your flying, if you were to exit the plane with no oxygen tank you’d just pass out from asphyxiation so you can’t operate a parachute"
] | [
"First. It would scare the passengers. Second. Not everyone knows how to free fall, deploy a parachute in the right position, then land on the ground safely, it would be a nightmare explaining this on every commercial flight. Third. It could be a liability in the case someone needs to use it and the parachute doesn... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do bonsai trees work? | [
"The tree is limited in how far it can grow, its roots can't spread and its branches are pruned. The tree still matures, it still becomes an adult organism, but it never reaches its adult size, mainly because the lack of roots and leaves stop it from getting enough nutrients from growing that big. The apple is its ... | [
"Water, fibre, and other things that humans don't digest into energy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it much easier to put a ring on a finger than to take it off? | [
"Because divorce is a messy process. But really, I think the main issue for most people is that there is more flesh the closer on the finger you get to the palm. When you try to remove the ring it tends to drag flesh toward the knuckle which forces it outwards, expanding to keep the ring in place. Putting it on fro... | [
"Are you sure this is a real phenomenon? It was my understanding that people are simply trying to remove a distraction so they can pay better attention."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do scammers send you an email from your own account. | [
"Think of receiving an email like getting a letter in the mail. It’s fairly trivial and there’s often nothing enforcing someone from writing whatever name they want as the sender on the envelope. Letters have envelopes, and you can write whatever you want on them. Emails have “headers” that contain information lik... | [
"1. Don’t ever send money to receive money 2. Don’t tell name, birthdate, social 3. Ask for details on how you are related 4. Ask for a copy of the will"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between sitting in a sauna vs sitting in a car left outside in the summer heat? Why is one regarded as healthy and the other often fatal? | [
"Both can be fatal, dry and wet saunas both have serious health risks due to overheating. The difference is in a car, typically a young child or a pet does not have the ability to leave. So they're stuck in a car, while their body temperature rises to fatal levels."
] | [
"I am a bit confused by your question. Are you asking why humans enjoy hot showers over cold showers? Because the water being closer to body temperature is more comfortable because of the less of a shock to the system and the need for the body to engage protective measures to hold on to body heat. It is the same re... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How come a foot or two of brick/plaster can stop a cell phone signal but (moderate) hills and densely packed buildings in urban areas do not? | [
"Hills and buildings in urban areas do block cell phone signals. A Lot. In cities cell companies put relays on the tops of buildings to spread coverage from the main towers and prevent dead zones. In areas with hills they will but relays or towers on said hills. But in both cases you will have bad coverage in so... | [
"If rain is falling from 1000's of feet up in the sky, how can moving an umbrella a foot away from your head make such a huge difference? My moving the antenna a couple inches might mean the signal can more directly get to it without being interrupted by a pipe, duct, stud in a wall, or can get through glass inste... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Iterative vs Agile model? | [
"Agile is not mutually exclusive with iterative. Agile approach is about delivering business functional pieces as quickly as possible. Iterative means you're going over the same area to refine the functionality. But you can iterate over months or year without ever delivering to user. Agile approach involves the pro... | [
"Crash Course has a couple of episodes explaining DNA, replication and protein synthesis. DNA Structure and replication - _URL_1_ DNA translation and protein synthesis - _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is there a delay when a TV guest is being interviewed via satellite in 2019? | [
"There will always be a delay because the electromagnetic waves carrying the signal travel at a finite speed, and the electric circuits which process the signal at all intermediate and final steps can only work at a finite speed. Even though they work incredibly fast, it's still not instantaneous, so travelling ov... | [
"Producers/directors in the control room have everything timed out. They know exactly when to cut for commercials. It may be live but everything is planned ahead. Also, some live programs usually have a bit of a delay. I used to do graphics for a 24/7 news channel-type, and there were screens in the CR showing a t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What exactly happens to the weight you lose from intense exercise? | [
"During exercise you lose weight through sweating. Simultaneously, you lose weight (all the time) by exhaling CO2 and water vapor — the food calories you eat are removed, in part, by that exhalation of breath. Some of the energy your muscles generate during exercise go to operate your muscles, and some of that ener... | [
"You build muscle and stimulate fat loss with exercise and burning calories. You can still lose weight by eating less, but if you also exercise you lower your risk for a lot of diseases related to your heart. Just my best guess honestly, I am not an expert on this at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it that babies like being rocked to sleep yet as we get older rocking can be uncomfortable such as on a boat? | [
"The womb is a fluid-filled sac, and when a mother moves about the baby is very slightly rocked thanks to that fluid. The baby becomes used to this feeling before birth, so rocking helps to calm them afterward for a time. Adult humans don't live in fluid-filled sacs. We're not used to being moved or rocked outsid... | [
"It's not RLS. It's what is mostly referred to as \"nervous energy\" or hyperactivity. It is something I do but not always. I was a highly energetic child growing up. I loved rocking chairs. Even now, as an adult, when I'm lying in bed, if I don't fall asleep immediately, which often I do not, I am moving my feet f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
why most meals taste better when they are warm? | [
"The majority of taste comes from scent, not from contact with your tongue. Scent relies upon molecules getting into the air, which is *much* easier when the food is warm, or better yet, hot. You can simply smell your food better when it's warm. This is the same reason why airplane food tastes so bad; low air press... | [
"To make sure you dont eat the bad food, and if you have, throw it up"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
- I see these references on cops movies: "He works at 3-6", "I work at "5-4"... what are these numbers? It cannot be precinct number because there is a reference about a cop working at "5-4" but the precinct number shown by the camera is 12th Precinct NY. | [
"Hollywood is Hollywood, what they say may sound cop-ish and might not be accurate for all or most law enforcement agencies. Depending on the jurisdiction, a police department have their area divided into precincts and those precincts might be further broken down into beat numbers. So officer 1 would work for a ce... | [
"Many places in the US (though not NYC) houses are numbered by the cross street, so between 6th and 7th avenue (or what would be if they haven't been given other names) the houses go from 600 to 700. So if you're going to use this system it makes a certain amount of sense to space the numbering out so that 650 is i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
how come kids can be preoccupied with one simple thing endlessly and adults seemingly don’t have those kinds of similar fascinations | [
"Adults certainly can be fascinated with one thing for countless hours, that's what our scientists and researchers are doing essentially. We think it's simple because we as adults already understand what is going on but think about all the stuff that even adults don't fully comprehend."
] | [
"it's not harder. it's just that by the time you're an adult, you're full of bad habits, and you don't want to change those bad habits. if you never learned to learn as a kid and you never learned that success is tied to effort and not \"natural skill\" then you'll be quick to give up. this is a growth mindset vs a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some cuts leave scars and others don’t? | [
"There are a number of factors that go into whether a cut will leave a scar. hypertrophic scars or keloid scars are raised scars that come from deeper cuts, where your body spams collagen proteins haphazardly to try to get the wound closed as quickly as possible. If the cut is a regular shape it is easier to heal.... | [
"No. Popping them can cause scarring which is much worse looking than the pimple. Pimples are temporary and will go away, the scar won't."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How is nutrition cooked out of food? | [
"If the food is boiled, then some of the Vitamins contained may leach out into the water; this is especially noticeable with Vitamin C. Effectively, certain nutrients are \"water soluble\"; they dissolve in water, and are washed away by the water that is boiling the food. Additionally, the heat can break the nutrie... | [
"Because psychological health is also something that is a major concern for long term events. Having nutrient paste or liquid diets is very very demoralizing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
Why do women wear skirts and men wear pants? | [
"Socially constructed gender norms. These things change all the time, and will change again. There is no real reason for it other than what society deems as \"normal\" and society changes its views all the time."
] | [
"Is this why old guys wear there pants up to their arm pits?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do corn chips (Fritos style) have ~50% more fat per same size serving than Tortilla Chips (Tostitos), given both are made of the same ingredients? | [
"I would suspect 2 things: one, different definitions of serving size (bulk quantity of mass). And two: Fritos are VERY “wet” and greasy compared to most chip brands. The fat is mostly from the oil. So greasier chip means more fat"
] | [
"\"Regular\" potato chips are rinsed after they are sliced. This releases a lot of the starch. Kettle cooked chips are sliced thicker and do not get that rinse, which results in harder chip after it is fried. I don't know why you say that kettle-cooked chips are healthier. At the end of the day, it's still a fried... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does buprenorphine and naloxone interact with each other in Suboxone? I've heard that buprenorphine is more potent than morphine, how does the naloxone prevent this? | [
"Naloxone is not well absorbed orally while buprenorphine is. At high enough dosage, the effect of naloxone (which blocks opioid effects) does start to become significant, which decreases the effect from dose escalation. The biggest reason is for injection though, as naloxone is fully active there, and injecting wi... | [
"From my understanding, Naloxone binds to, but does not activate, the same receptors in the brain that opipates target. Naloxone has a much higher binding affinity, so it displaced the opiate from those receptors enough to temporarily counteract their effects. It's also worth noting that Naxolone is eliminated fr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why the "black color" in TV screen are not black? | [
"It's because instead of the tv turning off pixels to show black, they are just showing the minimum possible light. You should look into oled panels. They are pricey but should give you what you're looking for"
] | [
"It's ultraviolet, and the some has a little, it's the light that gives you sunburn. The LED has a lot more."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How are international treaties "binding?" | [
"They can't be enforced, they depend on the good faith of both parties. If course of you renege on your obligations under a treaty you agreed to, then you will find it difficult to get anyone to trust your word again."
] | [
"Short version: USC = the laws passed by congress CFR = the interpretation of the USC by the relevant departments. Often includes more information about the implementation of the laws."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does water have such a neutral taste? | [
"Humans lack the taste-buds necessary to *taste* water. Other animals, such as dogs, have been proven to obtain them."
] | [
"Depends what you mean by why. Those bonds give it a level of stability and chemical properties that give it the properties we see on the real world scale, such as its low melting point and so on"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is Mia Khalifa famous? She has done just a few videos, I don't get it. | [
"A lot of people find her attractive. It's not like you really need much more than that to be famous. I mean, look at Tila Tequila."
] | [
"They know their market. Who doesn't like the idea of watching some 18 year old girl get pounded? The funny thing is a lot of them probably aren't even 18. Who the hell cares? Who would be able to tell? Just give her some pigtails and a cheerleader outfit and you're good. They'd say 16 if it were legal. Also, this ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How I have a blue eyed child when eye have brown eyes and my husband has hazel eyes. | [
"You both have the recessive gene for blue eyes. In your case, brown is the dominant trait overriding the blue eyes. You each only passed on the recessive trait to your kid leading to blue eyes."
] | [
"People tell me that this happens to mine as well. Green eyes if I'm wearing green, brown otherwise."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do sound waves get louder when they are bouncing around a resonating chamber, like in a guitar? | [
"The sounds keep bouncing around in the chamber until they find their way out (the hole in the guitar). Since there is only one way out of the chamber, the soundwaves get aimed in one direction; a person standing in that direction will hear the sound more loudly because the sound is less spread out and more hits th... | [
"The water bottle has water and air in it. Even an \"empty\" bottle has air in it. Sound is a vibration in air. The resonant frequency of the bottle depends on how much air is in it. Random noise isn't reinforced inside a cavity like sound at the resonant frequency is. The more water the higher the frequency. You c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:"
} |
What exactly a 'server' in IT | [
"It's just a computer, not that different from a desktop computer. Generally it's function is based around other computers interacting with it. It generally has better specs: memory/storage/etc. but it doesn't have to, servers can be very weak computers. Sometimes they have specific operating systems or software fo... | [
"Please clarify what sort of operating systems you think there were before programming existed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does losing fat increase testosterone in the body? | [
"There may be more than one mechanism. The simplest mechanism involves a hormone in adipose tissue called peripheral aromatase that converts testosterone into estrogen."
] | [
"Because they have started to produce less estrogen. Estrogen is itself a steroid hormone, and it readily gets converted into other steroid hormones like testosterone, so high estrogen levels are generally associated with higher metabolic rates. When the estrogen level dramatically drops for menopause, the overall ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
are carbs or sugars in foods like bread or crackers “equal” to those in fruits? | [
"Every type of carb provides the same amount of energy by weight but the speed they get converted to usable energy varies. This is known as the glycemic index. Simple sugars found in soda and simple starches in processed/fried foods quickly get converted to blood sugar. More complex starches like those in oatmeal t... | [
"Processed aka simple carbohydrates are very quickly and easily broken down into simple sugar molecules. Excess sugar is stored as fat. Whole wheat sources have carbohydrates in them, but they also have a lot of fiber. Fiber is what we call the parts of food that your body can't digest. Those calories aren't absorb... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why would someone plead the fifth if they weren’t guilty of a crime? What else could the fifth amendment be used for? | [
"You should always plead the fifth guilty or not. If you are ever arrested there is next to nothing you can say that will make your life easier. The Justice system works best when people aren't in it, so remove yourself from it. [Heres a longer explanation](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"It depends on the reason why you are refusing to answer the questions. If it is because it would violate your 5th amendment rights to prevent self-incrimination, then you can refuse to answer the questions. If it is found out you are withholding information aside from anything self-incriminating, you could be gui... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why haven't we figured out a way to induce muscular hypertrophy (the process of building muscle) without having to lift? | [
"umm... Steroids. That is literally what steroids are. A drug that makes you get incredibly huge with minimal effort."
] | [
"You damage muscle so that when you body repairs itself it rebuilds itself a little stronger than it was before (you feel this as muscle soreness after working out). You repeat this process and that is the basic premise behind strength training."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What do spies do in real life? | [
"Gather intelligence in different forms, communicate that information back to others, and sometimes try to stop the \"enemy\" from getting certain info, and sometimes spread false info. If you ever get the chance to visit DC, there is a spy museum you might enjoy."
] | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How much does your IQ limit your learning capacities and how far you go, when studying in a specific field? | [
"Almost not at all, although there can be some correlation depending on the field. IQ is a measurement index, not an actual level of intelligence. People are flexible and find creative ways to accommodate cognitive issues."
] | [
"The brain is plastic and changes based on stimulus. There are many different definitions of intelligence, IQ is but one. Most important thing is for the student to embrace the concept that a good person engages in life long learning. Help him/her to develop a strong sense of self worth. Many artists created great ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If someone is paralyzed from the neck down, why does their heart/lungs/ect still work? | [
"Sometimes it doesn't, but a lot of autonomic nervous function is controlled by the [vagus nerve](_URL_1_) which runs independently from the nerves of the spinal column. Fun fact: finger/anal stimulation of the vagus nerve in the anus has shown to cure [hiccups](_URL_0_)."
] | [
"A headshot will not necessarily kill you. People do survive head wounds. What will kill you is if the part of your brain that controls autonomic function (the brain stem or spinal cord) are destroyed. At that point, your brain is unable to signal your heart to beat and your lungs to breath. Your heart stops beati... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Medical Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Medical Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do phones and tablets power on and off with full 100 % brightness regardless of the scree brightness settings? | [
"There needs to be a program running to control the screen brightness for it to be set to some amount. In those situations, there is no process running for that, as it requires an operating system to run, which isn't running completely at that time. There are ways around it but its not really a necessity for the f... | [
"Cell phone batteries as they get older often have issues with judging 0% to 100%. This in most cases leads to the phone shutting down below 10% as the phone is displaying incorrect battery storage info."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does the UK Prime Minister just get booted from office? It appears much harder to be booted from office in the U.S. | [
"In the United States, the President is elected by the Electoral College for a fixed term and can only be removed from office for specific reasons. In parliamentary systems, a prime minister is a member of parliament chosen by other members of parliament to be PM only as long as they want that person there (or they... | [
"Generally, the President acts as the country's representative on a foreign level, they command the armed forces, and they have emergency powers. Like you said, it does vary from country to country. For example, the French President is almost on par with the American President while the German President is overshad... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do epsilon delta proofs work in math? | [
"Say you own a factory that purchases x's and manufactures them into y's. The people buying your y's call one day and say \"Listen, there was too much error in this last batch of y's. We need you to stay within [epsilon] of your target from now on, okay?\" So you call up your supplier and say \"Hey, we are trying t... | [
"They're used in a lot of math that has real world applications since they can be used to denote the x and y axes of a sinusoidal function. For example the function F = cos(theta) + i sin(theta) has tons of practical applications in electric circuits, mechanism analysis, and in a fluid analysis technique called pot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Does US have a federal health care system? | [
"Yes, it's called Medicare/Medicaid. & #x200B; Medicaid is for low-incomepeople, and the benefits and requirements vary by state, with minimums set forth by federal standards. Medicare is for anyone 65+ or disabled, and is 100% unified as a federal system. & #x200B; It should be noted that in many states, Medicai... | [
"How would the president conduct a hostile takeover without the military? Also a takeover of what?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
confusion on ssl certificates | [
"Slightly simplified, it works like this: An SSL certificate contains a public key and is signed with the CA’s private key. So it looks like: > Bob’s public key is ABCD. < CA signature > Bob sends that to Alice when she connects. Alice has the CA’s public key on her computer, so she can verify the signature when... | [
"for: all the data against: fossil fuel interests"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are there 2 types of screws/screwdrivers? Doesn't it just make it inconvenient to have to find a matching screwdriver? | [
"Actually, there are many more than just two kinds. But let's leave that part out. Screws are important. Society uses a whole lot of them. Often in stuff manufactured by machinery. There has been ongoing development on screw heads for very many years. Aiming to make the screws better. Making the tools last longer. ... | [
"The advantage of phillips-style screwheads is that a range of drivers work with a range of screws, to some extent. A undersize driver will sort-of work on a larger screw. But this is also a problem, as you are more likely do damage both the driver and the screw. You need to use the exact right size of torx driver,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do frogs, toads and other amphibians know how and where to find new bodies of water? | [
"Amphibians explore and migrate during cool moist weather. They can cover a lot of distance that way, especially if they can find damp places to take shelter in between stages of their journey. Most animals (including us) are also perfectly capable of smelling water from a good distance. Wind blowing across a body ... | [
"This behavior is actually a natural one. Frogs prefer cool, wet spawning conditions, often laying their eggs around the S bend of a toilet. This part is designed to trap gas (or else your bathroom would smell like sewage), and the insulation provides a good habitat for tadpoles. Naturally occurring air pockets lik... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
what happens to all the mass of a human body that doesn’t turn to ash after a cremation? | [
"Most of your mass/volume is water, which just evaporates under the heat. The remaining dry weight is a lot of fats and proteins that burn off into gas and a small mass of mineralized bone tissue that just crumbles."
] | [
"They breathe it out as CO2. When the fat (or muscle) is used, it is converted to energy and the result of the process is CO2 which you breathe out. It does seem weird to think that people who lose hundreds of pounds exhaled all that weight."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Human cloning considered taboo and unethical ? | [
"Someone would eventually use it to grow themselves replacement organs *killing their clone in the process* and there are various other known, suspected, and unknown risks, and as there's no known advantage to cloning the medical community has pretty much agreed human clones shouldn't be allowed to develop fat enou... | [
"Its not necessarly bad. Cons: - May Introduce Harmful Pathogens. - May Hamper Nutritional Value. - May Lead to Genetic Defects. - Detrimental to Genetic Diversity. Genetic engineering may work wonders but it is after all a process of manipulating the natural. It is altering something that is not originally create... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do hamsters "freeze" sometimes, where they get a thousand-yard state and and are barely responsive? | [
"It's a widespread behavior in the animal kingdom. Freezing up in response to a threat in hopes to not be seen or heard. When you say \"no obvious predators in sight\", the animal could have still caught a scent or heard something out of the ordinary. If it's something they're unfamiliar with, it is in their best i... | [
"Owned a hamster some years ago. They do get dizzy, but they don't show it with facial expressions like humans. They also have four legs to keep them balanced. It is hard to notice when they are dizzy in a wheel or a flying saucer, but you can see them walking zigzag and irregularily if they decide to jump out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
the consequences of drinking water just before and/or after you eat | [
"In short, yes drinking water dilutes stomach acid. However, the stomach is capable of detecting and correcting this change (as it tries to keep itself balanced at a certain pH). Even if you drink a liter of water directly before eating, the change in pH of your stomach acid will be correct quickly enough to make l... | [
"Because it can cause lots of fairly serious medical issues, so they hope that a doctor actually talks to you about it before you take it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does lack of sleep cause baggy eyes? | [
"The blood vessels around your eyes dilate with lack of sleep causing them to engorge with blood giving them a baggy appearance. Also why the circles underneath your eyes appear dark."
] | [
"They dry out your eyes and can lead to infection."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is it when you pour something from a bottle it will sometimes just dribble down itself and other times it pours just fine? | [
"Air pressure. If the bottle is tipped in such a way that the flow of water does not completely block the tip, then air has the ability to rush in and fill the gap the water is leaving as it pours out. But if you tip the bottle over to the point at which the water flowing out of it is completely blocking the tip, t... | [
"Think of straws. You know how you get the drops in a straw after u you've taken a drink? The ones that take up the entire space inside for a few millimeters? They stay there unless you blow them out, it's the same thing except the tube is open at one end only do you can't just blow in one end to push them out. Ne... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What exactly is it that makes the noise of waves on the shore? | [
"It's sound of millions of drops, bubbles and splashes of water hitting rocks, plus sound of billions rocks and sand particles colliding with each other as water moves them. Sound of waves hitting smooth concrete walls is noticeable quieter. And if water is still and just barely moves sand, you can hear faint noise... | [
"The sound is independent of speed or size indeed. It's about gender. The females are the ones making the sound."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do buses make that "PFSSSST" sound when they stop? | [
"Many large vehicles have a system of brakes actuated by compressed air instead of hydraulic fluid or cables you would find in a lighter vehicle or passenger car. Parking/emergency brakes on such vehicles are usually \"normally closed\": to release the brake, air pressure must be applied to the brake. For these, a ... | [
"Engine braking is used to slow the vehicle by creating back pressure at the exhaust manifold. (The hot gas can't get out quickly - slowing the engine) Thus, braking via the pedal is reduced, prolonging brake life and keeping them cool during extended downhill areas. It is not permitted in some places (usually near... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Transportation:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Transportation:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What is the dust on your eyes after you wake up? | [
"Do you mean that crusty stuff at the corners of your eyelids? That stuff is just tear fluid that slowly leaked from underneath your eyelids and dried up out in the air. While doing that it took all the dirt and dust that collected in your eyes over the day, that's why this crust is mostly a yellowish or green colo... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Physiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Physiology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are the main issues with Nuclear Power and why do the majority of people have a problem with it? | [
"By far the biggest concern is nuclear waste. There are varying types of nuclear power, and some produce waste that is less dangerous than others, but all produce at least some dangerous waste, and that waste continues to be dangerous for thousands or even millions of years. But realistically, the waste produced fi... | [
"To combat global warming we would have to change where we get our energy from and how we use it. For example, coal is one of the dirtiest fuels we use. To combat global warming we should really stop using it. There are a lot of people who make their living from the coal industry and they have a political interest ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do most hotels have carpet floors? | [
"* Cheaper to replace carpet than other options in most cases. * Sound dampening. Carpet absorbs much more sound that hard flooring, and silence is a good thing in hotels. * In my opinion the right carpeting can make a room/building feel more “homey” than hard flooring."
] | [
"Why do you have so many lips and chins?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
Whatsapp video calls | [
"Most phones and devices that can carry sound have what is called \"echo cancellation\". Oversimplified the phone knows what sounds are being played trough the speaker, and can then try to ignore those sounds when the microphone picks them up. Audio is just waves, and you can cancel one wave with it's inverse wave... | [
"> secure digital medium > phone app Pick one"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What do women play baseball with a larger ball and basketball with a smaller ball? | [
"The smaller ball in basketball is because their hands are smaller, and they don’t play baseball with a bigger ball, they play softball. It is two different sports; men play softball also, and the balls are the same size as women’s."
] | [
"Because don't wear your socks for more than one day."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do our hearts beat faster when we’re nervous? | [
"Back when evolution was designing our bodies, the main thing we were nervous about was being eaten. The faster heart beat meant more oxygenated blood, which is better for flight or fight situations but not so much when it comes to taking a test"
] | [
"Mirror neurons? The same reason happy movies make us happy, and the same reason we are more likely to yawn when we see others yawn, or feel sad when we see others cry. We empathize with the characters in horror movies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What happens when you accidentally eat moldy bread or moldy fruit? Could it be fatal? | [
"Several factors here but most depend on your immune status. Generally a little would not hurt you if you were otherwise healthy. Cutting surface mold on soft foods like bread does little as you can’t see the network beneath the surface. More dense foods such as cheese you can trim. You may have allergies. Some mol... | [
"Different kind of mold. The mold on a blue cheese is not bad for you, but the mold that grows on top of cheese in your refrigerator may make you sick."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What are Iron Domes and how do they work? | [
"Assuming you are talking about the missile defense system: Radar detects a projectile incoming, system launches a rocket, rocket destroys projectile mid air, projectile doesn't hit its target."
] | [
"How much do they cost vs how much will they generate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do babies think without language? | [
"What you're referring to is \"inner monologue\", which is only one aspect of conscious thought. Not everyone thinks in words and sentences to the same degree (I tend not to unless I'm planning what to say or write). Just as your dog can have thoughts and conscious experience without language, babies can, too. And ... | [
"To express disgust. Facial reactions begin development early on when we are babies to show whether we like something or not to our carers. This is how babies communicate before learning to speak."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How come fish can breathe under water, but are unable to inhale oxygen if theyre out of the water? If theyre able to filter it trough water, shouldnt they be able to use it directly? | [
"Their gills are relatively fine and collapse when out of the water. It's not usable when it collapses like that."
] | [
"Oxygenated water means that it has oxygen gas dissolved within the water in the same way that carbonated soda has CO2 gas dissolved within the liquid. Oxygenated water is important for fish and other aquatic animals as they pull the oxygen that they need out of the water, if there is no oxygen gas dissolved in the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Ocean phytoplankton and algae produce 70-80% of the earths atmospheric oxygen. Why is tree conservation for oxygen so popular over ocean conservation then? | [
"Trees are more familiar, and humanity’s effects on them are more easily understood. You can imagine 100 acres of rainforest being cleared for ranch land or banana plantations a lot more easily than a cloud of phytoplankton dying off. Just the simple fact that trees and humans are on land, while plankton and algae ... | [
"diatoms are very *very* small plants (single-celled algae in fact), and like all plants, they produce their own chemical energy using light from the sun. there are a lot of diatoms living in the ocean and soil! it’s important that there are *so* many of them because they produce oxygen as a waste byproduct. they p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why where old PCBs brownish/beige and now they are green? | [
"Old PCB's were mostly green. The colored part is the solder mask, which is the top/outside layer that protects the conductive traces. Green is chosen as it causes less eye strain, which is helpful to the ones who stare at these boards 8 hours a day. It is also likely chosen since the resin is made it bulk, so it's... | [
"Cheap solder mask Green is a very very common color for solder mask for double sided boards and has been the most common color for decades. Billions of PCBs are made with green solder mask so it's super cheap. Boards can come in any color. Many premium boards come in red, black, or blue. They can afford the extra ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
If the US dollar stopped being backed by gold in the 70s, what has the gold in Fort Knox been used for over the past 50ish years? | [
"Just because currency isn't backed by gold anymore doesn't mean gold isn't valuable by itself. As of 2018, there are 147,341,858.382 ounces of gold in Fort Knox, worth roughly $190 billion at the current price of gold. That's $190 billion that belongs to the federal government."
] | [
"It isn't. At least not directly, anymore. It used to be on a gold standard, meaning your 20 dollar note was worth a set amount of gold, the exact weight was changeable due to inflation, but was relatively stable. In times of crisis, they would temporarily drop off the Standard and issue money as \"fiat\", meaning ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does the software Honey make money. | [
"Most likely affiliate programs... they get a cut of sales they refer to the sites if you end up buying."
] | [
"The fee pays to provide the service for free calls without paid service. Edit: More of an explanation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Telecommunications:"
} |
How do Television Studios Make Money | [
"From commercials. This is why ratings are tracked. If you can claim \"30% of American households watch our show every Tuesday\" and back that with viewership data, then you can command a pretty penny from advertisers. A 30 second commercial during The Big Bang Theory will command a lot more than a 30 second comme... | [
"Best Seller... in what? If you break everything up into categories you can have dozens of \"Number One Best-Sellers\". Best Seller... this week Best Seller... this year Best Seller... in Romance Best Seller... in Historical Fiction... and so on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why can’t you suck on a straw after tooth extraction? | [
"The force of the suction could easily remove the clot from the extraction socket exposing the bone which would leave you open to infection but more importantly it could cause post-extraction alveolitis, aka ”dry socket.” Dry socket was by far the worst pain I have ever felt, and I've been ran over with shattered ... | [
"I had to get mine removed bexause there wouldn't be enough room in my jaw to hold all my teeth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do baby turtles instinctually know to go towards the water? | [
"When they hatch, two factors play into the direction they head the first is lighting conditions. The majority hatch at night (there are a handful of species that hatch in daytime) - and use the light of moon and stars (and the reflections off the water) to orient themselves towards the water. The presence of man-... | [
"Sometimes turtles get lost and wind up on the wrong beach and lay their eggs on the new beach, meaning that nearly all the hatchlings that survive will now return to the new beach to lay their eggs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does a Roth IRA work? | [
"Basically it's a normal account, but you are exempt from capital gains, interest, and other taxes within the account (provided it stays there until you retire). This is in contrast to a traditional IRA where you are exempt from income tax on any money your put in, but then owe income tax on the money you take out ... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How can you break your penis, if penis is not a bone? | [
"While the penis has no bones in humans, it still has structures designed to be rigid during erection. If the penis is bent sharply during intercourse, or some other reason, then the tubes inside the penis responsible for semen and urine release can be damaged. This can include an audible cracking sound, very simil... | [
"Almost 100% certain this is a myth your tounge is attached to the bottom of your mouth making swallowing it impossible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
If we know how old the universe is based on the fact that objects furthest away from us we can see are ~14 billion light years away, how do we know that there was light right from the beginning of the Big Bang? Couldn’t there, in theory, have been darkness for X billions of years before light? | [
"It's not just about how far away these objects are, it's about how far away they are *and* how fast they're moving away from us. Think of 2 cars on a road driving away from each other at some speed. If you know their speeds and the current distance between them, you can calculate when they were both at the same pl... | [
"Simply put, they're not, and anyone who claims they are isn't a true scientist. What scientists, or more accurately, astrophysicists are certain about, is that ~13.7 billion years ago, the universe underwent a massive expansion, with new forces, particles, etc coming into existence. As for what happened in the mil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the text about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are human interactions under the influence of alcohol easier? | [
"Imagine getting up, grabbing your chair, and flipping it. Merely by imagining it, you are able to map out the muscles you'd use to do it. You're able to plot how you'd go about it. You start to prepare yourself to actually do it. You prepare for the action, but are inhibited by a wide variety of factors, including... | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How exactly was Jordan Belfort scamming people and why did it work successfully till his demise? | [
"As I understand it he would basically pump and dump stocks. So he would find a cheap stock and buy up alot of it causing the price to inflate then he would hype it up to investors through false information and falsified financial statements of that company and get them to buy in as well at the higher price which i... | [
"He set up a company where people gave him money and he promised to invest their money and return them even more money. This is not illegal, but he ended up losing their money. He lied and did not tell them. That is illegal. He started a new company with the same idea. He also lost their money. He lied and did not ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why movies have so many movie studios and producers for each movie? What do they all do? | [
"Multiple studios is probably a result of many locations, and/or what kind of scenes are involved. One studio might be responsible for live-action city scenes. Another for location shots in the desert. And yet another for animation ... and so on. Broadly speaking, producers are... salesmen. It’s their job to acquir... | [
"They negotiate with the studios and distributors to work out deals to get the rights. As for original content, they pay a production company to make it for them. That's pretty standard for most television shows."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do moths follow light and keep hitting the source of it? | [
"They're all trying to get back to their home, the moon. Seriously though, from what I understand they use the moon as a point of reference for navigation and a sufficiently bright light fools them. Why they keep slamming into it, I dunno. I imagine it's because they're moths..."
] | [
"They're attracted by the moisture and salt on your skin. The reason they keep coming is because flies arent aware you exist. You like a million times bigger than they are. The reason they keep hitting into you even after you swat at them is they have very poor memory. You ever seen a fly come inside through an ope... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How bonds and interest rates and bonds and stocks are related | [
"Stocks typically have higher rates of return than bonds. But bonds are much less risk. So there risk /reward trade off made by investors when they choose to invest their money. As interest rates rise, there are investors who are willing to flip from stocks to bonds based on their personal risk/reward profile. When... | [
"By the market. A currency is in fact a commodity as anything else. Currencies are traded by Banks to be able to exchange for customers. So indirectly demand and supply of customers and businesses has influence. Price can be influenced indirectly by central banks. Japan printed lots of Yen in 2015 with the hope to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come we can feel when someone is staring at us? | [
"You can't & #x200B; Here is what is happening, you are millions of years of evolution. So you are constantly trying to spot those nasty animals that are trying to eat you. So, you look around. Guess what, there is another human doing the same thing. But he or she sees something moving, you head. It may even be in... | [
"I always watch their mouth instead. I find it awkward to look someone right in the eye when talking with them, feel like I'm staring."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do we know numbers like "e" & "pi" are transcendental? If its true, how do people calculate all those digits of them, down to the millions of digits? | [
"The exact proof for either is about a full page of math. But the general gist is: If pi/e wasn't transcendental, then there would be this way of representing pi/e in a not-transcendental way, and that it would have to match this other way of representing pi/e in a not-transcendental way. And making them match i... | [
"I think you have a problem because you are trying to apply infinity to something finite. You can't write out 1/3 in decimal because at some point you will stop and whatever number you write will be less than 1/3 (if only slightly). It is true that at some point the precision won't matter, but most mathematicians a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Mathematics:"
} |
Why do most electronics that run on two batteries require you to have them facing alternating directions? | [
"It makes the wiring easier. The circuit starts at one end, runs through the first battery and across to the second battery, and back through the second to complete the circuit."
] | [
"There are two big reasons why we have lots of different types of batteries. The first is that different electronic devices require different voltages to operate. That is why you have AA batteries which are 1.5 volts, car batteries which are 12 volts, and 9V batteries which are of course 9 volts. The other reason ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Wisdom teeth extraction - couldn’t it be simpler? | [
"By the time you have trouble with wisdom teeth, it typically much too late to do anything but extract them. You would be shocked to see how badly twisted a severely impacted wisdom tooth can be [_URL_1_](_URL_0_) giving it a little more space with the tooth is literally SIDEWAYS is too little too late extracting f... | [
"Depending on the type of surgery, it would definitely hurt a lot more."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are ferrets illegal in California? | [
"California is a large agricultural provider for the Country. Those animals can be destructive to crops or just be invasive and bad for the environment. Mainly for the agricultural reasons though."
] | [
"It's illegal in a huge number of jurisdictions already. Where do you live?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is it that most domesticated mammals and birds seem to have "personalities" and "emotions", but fish and reptiles do not? | [
"Facial disparity. You are around mammals more than birds, reptiles, and fish. They also share more common musculature in and around the face. So they make expressions you are familiar with. Reptiles and birds we commonly encounter have their eyes farther to the side, and differently defined mouths. Ask longtime f... | [
"I work in animal research. Our culture is different in that we tend to prefer rats over mice any day. Rats are intelligent, affectionate, and act relatively civilized. We can cuddle with rats, pet them, and form human-pet connections with them. Mice on the other hand arent that different from insects in their beha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why aren’t helicopters used to rescue hikers and remove bodies from Mt. Everest? | [
"The air in too thin and they can't fly that high up. They create lift by pushing air downwards. The higher up you go, the less air pressure you have, the less downward force a helicopter can make to fight gravity."
] | [
"Hopefully this isn't forbidden in the rules, but may I ask a question? Are there any urban legends which have been proven true? For instance, has there been a murder by gang members when an individual flashed their lights at a car one night? Did a scuba diver get sucked up in a fire fighting helicopter and plunge... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can we see hundreds of stars in one part of the world and barely any in another? | [
"Some areas have light pollution (usually large cities) which is the excessive use of artificial light. Our atmosphere reflects emitted light, creating a \"sky glow\" that makes it hard to see stars."
] | [
"Our naked eye can actually see the Andromeda galaxy from a dark area, which is 2.6 million light years from Earth. That's considered the furthest object you can see with the naked eye I believe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How can airports have flights to any destination you select on any day you need to fly? | [
"They don't. The airports schedule daily routes that just fly back and forth. When you buy a ticket, they will schedule a series of flights that get you where you want to go. Sometimes you will have to fly to one airport, wait for the next flight, then fly to a different airport, and so on."
] | [
"Flights are mostly priced on demand, not cost. Nonstop flights are almost always the most expensive option because they are the most demanded. They fill up quickly with business passengers that are willing to pay more for the convenience of saving time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What would happen if the government couldn't identify a person? | [
"TLDR - everyone would probably just treat him like he was homeless. Well, unless it was an emergency the hospital wouldn't treat him because he doesn't have medical insurance. They'd probably assume he was a homeless person, and leave him to wander their waiting room until he got too disruptive. If he got disru... | [
"There's no way for the government to do that. As soon as they spend the money on anything, it's not a secret."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did people think urine was sterile? | [
"Urine is \"cleaner\" than most of the water you can find in natural habitats. It is in itself the product of a filtration of blood, which is already detoxified by our immune system, by our liver and several other mechanisms. So, if you have, like, a wound you have to clean, is much safer to use your urine than the... | [
"As a follow up I heard it said several times that the Romans would use urine as mouthwash. Is there any truth to that?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Astronomers say there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches on earth. How do they know how many grains of sand there are in the whole world? | [
"We can estimate both the volume and mass of the Earth. Take a bucket of sand, weigh it, measure its volume, then count the number of grains of sand in it. You now have an estimate of the number of grains per kg or per litre of sand. You can use that to estimate the maximum number of grains. We could assume the who... | [
"Space is huge. It's bigger than you can possibly imagine. Even with the billions of stars and galaxies in the universe, most of it is empty. It's that big. The best analogy I can come up with is trying to light up the Yankee stadium with a few dozen household light bulbs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
how does chesmists of 1700s - 1900s knows how many protons the elements have? | [
"They didn't. It was only in the early years of the 20th century that Rutherford showed that there was a small positively charged nucleus at the centre of an atom. That led to the development of modern pictures of the atom. That doesn't mean that clues were there. In the 18th century, Lavoisier and others had measu... | [
"The same way we know that a dozen is 12. We made up the term mole. As for how we know how much a mole of something weighs, we know what 1 atoms weighs, and we know how many atoms are in a mole. If you want you can make up your own term and make it have 84 atoms"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is the bottom part of the cloud negatively charged and not the top part? | [
"> Why is the bottom part of the cloud negatively charged and not the top part? Large drops or ice crystals are more likely to grab electrons from small drops or ice crystals, and the small drops and ice crystals are more likely to be blown to the top of the cloud. > why do they strike the earth rather than just g... | [
"They have more density due to the water which blocks out the light, causing a shadow on the underside. If you were looking down onto the same cloud it’ll still be white."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do transparent phone cases turn yellow after a while? | [
"The transparent phone cases are often made of polyurethane. When exposed to UV light, polyurethane can degrade and become oxidized, turning into yellow-ish compounds called quinones."
] | [
"The cost of doing so exceeds the off chance you are going to drop your phone in the toilet. Also, since most people get a new phone every two years or so, it doesn't make that much sense to invest in durability."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:"
} |
How does exactly planting trees helps the environment? Is it possible that planting too many trees without planning it carefully would lead to bad consequences? | [
"Trees like all plants use carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Wood is about 50% carbon. There are few bad consequences. But of course you want to carefully plan it. For instance, you don’t want to burn the resulting wood. So grow species that can be used as a building or furniture making material once it reaches ... | [
"Actually there is a process how to do that. The best way to do that in an very economic way is to plant trees. Trees can remove CO2 from the atmosphere and at the same time provide a steady supply of O2. There are a couple of countries that don't really believe in trees so they are looking for other ways to get th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How will the Starlink satellites move from their "blob" to be evenly spaced out in orbit? | [
"Let's say there aren't 60, but 2 sats, and they're supposed to be on the exact opposite side of earth. The rocket releases them in an orbit where it takes them 1 hours to circle earth, and they need to go to an orbit where it takes them 2 hours. (those are not real numbers, I just made them up) Now the first satel... | [
"Geostationary orbits are only above the equator. Geosynchronous orbits are at the same distance but not necessarily in the plane of the equator. Communications satellites are not necessarily geostationary or geosynchronous; if there are enough of them all at different orbits then they can cover most of the earth."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is gerrymandering and how does it happen? | [
"Imagine there are 100 animals, 60 cats and 40 dogs. These animals must be sorted into 20 districts, and in each district only the overall vote counts. If we grouped 3 cats and 2 dogs in each district, the cats would win all 20 districts, giving them 100% representation even though they are only 60% of the animals.... | [
"Gerrymandering is only bad for one party, and it's great for the other. So despite both parties agreeing that it can be bad, they also know they can benefit greatly from it. The benefit for them outweighs the detriment, no matter how much they want to whine about how bad it is to appease to voters. After all, they... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
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