query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How does 2 day shipping or overnight shipping work? | [
"Warehouses generally have regularly scheduled trucks that pick up once a day or once a week, whatever the frequency is. If an order needs to ship faster then they generally order a truck from a special courier to come pick it up right away. I imagine a company like amazon probably has multiple trucks picking up th... | [
"It looks to me like they are pretty similar. BookDepository seems to offer 14-day shipping in the US. Amazon often has free Super Saver shipping on orders that take about 14 days to arrive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are muscles supplied with oxygen during exercise? | [
"The right ventricle of the heart pumps blood into the lungs, where it releases carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen. And then goes back to the heart and is pumped out by the left ventricle enter the arteries, and from there into the capillary beds. These capillary beds run through everything that needs to be serviced... | [
"Cardiac muscle cells contain more mitochondria than skeletal muscle, meaning each cell has more available energy, making the muscle more resistant to fatigue. On top of this cardiac muscle has more readily available blood supply than skeletal muscle, allowing for better transfer of nutrients in and waste products ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do diseases (like the flu) have "seasons"? And how do they survive between these seasons? | [
"Most of these diseases do not just live in human populations, but affect a wide variety of animals. The seasons for different types of flus are related to the periods of the Year where people are most likely to come into contact with carriers of the flu, which could be other humans or could read one of those anima... | [
"Simply put, they came from the same way the flu or any other virus originated. At various points in history, viruses mutated such that they could be transmitted sexually."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Medical:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Medical:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What exactly happens when our throat gets dry and why does water almost always fix it? | [
"It's pretty much exactly as it sounds like. The cells in your body require moisture to perform all of their various actions and functions. When there isn't enough produced they can get dry and signal this to your brain. If you add more water back it helps keep things shiny and happy."
] | [
"Your body starts to react when you haven’t had the necessary amount of nutrients or other important necessities. How long has your throat been hurting for? How long has it been since you’ve eaten that makes your throat sore. Basically your body is telling you that you need to maintain a healthy eating routine. Al... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the Japanese language have English loan words for things they already have words for? | [
"The words often have slightly different connotations. For example, the English loan word *kyanseru* (cancel) is an informal, modern-sounding way to talk about canceling something. If you were talking about canceling a contract or other more formal arrangement, you would likely instead use the Chinese loan word *ka... | [
"A lot. You can rarely just directly translate a language from one into another. If there's an expression that doesn't translate then something else will have to be chosen to make up for it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does our voice sound different to us on recordings? | [
"Since sound is just vibration, so is your voice. When you speak, the air you exhale isn't the only thing that vibrates. The bones in your head, your skull, vibrate as well. This vibration of your skull makes the air in your ears move too, but since bones are a lot denser and harder than air, what you speak sounds ... | [
"Sound travels through your jaw bones to your ears when you speak, distorting how you sound when you hear yourself talking compared to how you actually sound."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Language and Communication:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Language and Communication:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Language and Communication:"
} |
How have Olympic gymnasts improved so much from back in the day. | [
"Back then people still needed jobs, now they dont and can practice harder for longer. And science helps by showing then methods on improving motions. You cam find cool videos on youtube"
] | [
"They win gold medals at the summer Olympics. Kenya knows what I'm talking about."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why do formula 1 cars need pit stops? | [
"Currently, they are required to use two different tire compounds for each race, so they must pit at least once to change tires."
] | [
"it is important, that's why they have plastic pieces to cover up the big holes. a lot of it probably comes down to what's more important, profit or performance? the car would cost more and for probably only a 1 or 2 percent increase in drag. believe me, they've definitely done the math. with cars where there is le... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why are rivers/water formations in Europe/UK so murky/dirty, can they be cleaned? | [
"It’s just the composition of the ground. The water is brown because of the substrate it flows on. Nothing you can do about that without literally replacing the surface makeup of our soil. The Thames in particular is also unfortunately a dumping ground for waste, some industrial products and other stuff. It’s not a... | [
"Air is clear,not blue,red, or yellow. Are you actually trying to say why the sky appears blue ? Which intern will devolve why it can actually also appear yellow and red even green."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does it seem so challenging now to send a manned crew to the moon, when we were able to accomplish this over 50 years ago? | [
"The best analogy I can think of is that it's also challenging to reproduce the Great Pyramid now, even though it was something that was accomplished 4000 years ago. It's not that we don't know how to do it, it's that our priorities have changed. We're not willing to spend the money it would require, and we're not ... | [
"To be honest, there is no real reason to go there. We have landed on the moon and confirmed what we already knew from moon rocks that landed on Earth. There are no resources to exploit. There are no scientific gains to be made from living on the moon. As to using the moon as a stepping stone to get to Mars, it wou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why are pitchforks so dam effective? | [
"The pitchfork works best on substances that have relatively long fibers that can interlock to prevent something like a shovel blade from penetrating into the mass. Examples are things like straw, long grass, mulch, etc. Those long interlocking fibers keep things from falling through when the tines pick up, and the... | [
"Also, why are some people not ticklish at all?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What’s the difference between OTC pain relievers such as ibuprofen/aspirin/Tylenol/acetaminophen? | [
"Acetaminophen and Tylenol are the same. I'll refer to this drug as Paracetamol though, because that's what we call it in the UK. Ibuprofen and Aspirin are a different class of drugs, they're part of a class called NSAID (Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs). They help reduce inflammation, as the class name sugge... | [
"For any other Americans who are confused, paracetamol is the British term for acetaminophen, aka Tylenol."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is the white stuff you see under a cut | [
"That would be the third and bottom layer of the skin and it is called the subcutaneous layer. It is made mostly of fat and helps your body stay warm and absorb shocks, like if you bang into something or fall down. The subcutaneous layer also helps hold your skin to all the tissues underneath it. It's composed of f... | [
"They put a little spike in the glass frame that, when triggered, shoots into the side of the glass"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do tech manufacturers region lock their devices? | [
"It's pretty simple, depending on the region you sell your product the highest price people are ready to pay for your device can differ quite significantly. If you have the same price all over the world you wont sell in some regions. If you have different prices and don't region lock people will just buy from the c... | [
"Because if the best Apps are blocked, there's less reason for someone to buy the phone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does a Lava Lamp work? | [
"The “lava” heats up and expands slightly decreasing its density. Which it is already close to the rest of the liquids density. When it becomes lower than the other liquid it starts to float which moves it further from the heat source and then becomes more sense and causing it to fall back down."
] | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What’s the argument against background checks for gun owners? It feels like a good safety procedure, kind of like getting a license before you can drive, but I have to believe there’s a good reason for people not wanting them. | [
"Many people in the US feel that the reason for having civilians be able to own guns is to prevent a tyrannical government from taking control, because the citizens would be armed and able to stage an effective rebellion. So, they feel that government regulations on guns are not only against the spirit of the Secon... | [
"By enforcing the laws. Why do people in America pay for a license to drive a car? You could easily drive without one, and you could even go years of driving with never getting caught. But for whatever reason very few people actually take the risk. There's also a social element I'm sure. So it comes down to enforci... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what is the difference between light coming from a light bulb and light coming from tv/smartphone/computer monitor screen ? How do they shine ? | [
"Light bulbs are not at all the same. Some produce light from heat (like incandescents), others from electrically stimulated gas (like florescents) , and others from direct electrical effects (like LEDs). TVs, smartphones, and computers introduce even more choices, cathode ray tubes blast electrons into emissive ma... | [
"You would see more \"colors\". An apple is red because it reflects mostly red light. But if the apple also reflected a lot of ultraviolet light (making this up) you would now see the apple as a combination of red and whatever color your mind would use for ultraviolet. Depending on the wavelengths you see, you woul... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does inhaling more smoke over time allow you to inhale smoke without coughing? | [
"The smoke eventually burns away the cilia, small hairs in the throat and bronchial tubes, that help your body know when something isn't supposed to be there. Like smoke."
] | [
"The lungs don't get used to the smoke, it's just that there's not a very high concentration of smoke from the cigarette when you breathe in. The bigger thing is that your body recognizes the ash particles / the smoke when you try to breathe it in, and that can force you to cough the first few times, but eventually... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Since heroin is such a hot topic and is illegal to use in the US. Where does it come from? | [
"Based on your comments you are asking where the poppy plants that will eventually be processed into heroin are grown. If that is correct then Afghanistan is your answer. [Afghanistan is the world capital of opium; estimates peg its share of the global opium production at between 75 and 85 percent, with an estimat... | [
"They did. However there were better drugs out there. When legal production ended it was harder to get which caused people to move to other drugs that gave more effect for the money. However ludes are still popular in other places around the world like South Africa and India."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Help me understand why we can't see stars in pictures taken from space. | [
"You can see lots of stars in pictures taken from space, that's all the Hubble Space Telescope does. You can see stars in pictures taken from the ISS, as long as the Earth isn't in the picture ([my favorite](_URL_0_ )). The Earth is really bright, particularly during the day. Cameras, and eyes for that matter, can'... | [
"Because we can't see very well in it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the document about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do those cables they string across the road measure your vehicle speed? | [
"if I am thinking about the same cables you are thinking about they aren't used to measure speed they're used to count how many cars are going across the road they use it to know how much maintenance or if they need to expand the road to handle more traffic."
] | [
"Because for the most part subways aren't going to be put anywhere people are going to walk or drive over. Train with overhead cable have them to keep them away from people who share part of the road with the train."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
So my boyfriend stabbed his thumb pad pretty bad awhile ago and now theres this hard lump around where it was cut. Any explaination of what it could be? | [
"It's probably a scar, but a cyst is also a possibility. I got stabbed with a pencil in grade school, and the tip broke off in my arm. In spike of hopes the body would expel it, a cyst formed around it and it had to be cut out, years later."
] | [
"If teeth go bad they start to decay on the inside; a root canal is when a dentist drills into the tooth and scrapes out all the nerves so you don't feel the tooth anymore, and cleans out the soft matter around the root of the tooth so there's nothing there to rot and get infected. Edit- source- I had a root canal ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
if I place both waters into a bucket from where the two oceans meet but don’t mix, why do they mix just fine in the bucket? | [
"The idea of \"two oceans meet but don't mix\" is more or less a myth. Most of the pictures of this you see on the Internet are at rivermouths or headlands, where a sharp contrast between water types is visible ... but it mixes away pretty quickly. Tom Scott did a video on this recently. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is it so irresistible to put your feet up when you sit down? | [
"It removes stress from the back and moves you toward a fetal position. Both can be very relaxing."
] | [
"It's a big comfortable piece of furniture that you usually sit and relax on while watching television or entertaining guests."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is it so dangerous to have metal in or around your body when getting an MRI? | [
"MRI is Magnetic Resonance Imaging. That uses giant fucking magnets. Those attract metal object with great amounts of force. Metal object inside of you + giant magnet outside of you = bloody metal bits ripped out of you. Get the picture?"
] | [
"It does but they need it in order to take an x-ray. They give you a vest to protect you as much as they can, but you need the radiation in order to see what's going on in your skull."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Those urinal cakes: what do they do? What are they made out of? How are they made? | [
"They are made from para-dichlorobenzene, a strong-smelling chemical which slowly sublimates into a gas. The purpose of them is to cover up the smell of urine, and it serves as a disinfectant."
] | [
"Well that depends very strongly on what you mean by \"as advertised\" Do they smell nice and those smells can influence your mood? Yes Do some of them have health benefits or are they good for skin and hair care? Yes Are they some magical cure-all that that can be used instead of real medicine? Absolutely not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some batteries use kWh to define the capacity and other batteries use mAh? | [
"Single cell batteries are typically rated with mAh since their voltages are always the same. IE: Lithium batteries are almost always 3.7v. A, D and C batteries are always 1.5v (Or 1.2v for rechargeable ones). So watts don't really matter as the voltage will stay the same. Where as multi-cell batteries like those i... | [
"There are three important pieces of information you need to know to calculate charging time. 1. The capacity of the battery. This is usually measured in watt-hours, not simply watts. A watt hour is an amount of energy needed to generate one watt of power for one hour. 2000 Whr would mean that your battery could pr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are commercial chicken eggs so consistently produced? | [
"Commercial eggs are sorted by egg and quality into \"grades\". Different grades and sizes can be purchased at the store. Lower graded eggs are mainly lower grades because of appearance, so these can be sold to commercial food producers who (rightfully) don't care what the egg looks like."
] | [
"There are egg-breaking machines that can open thousands of eggs per hour into big buckets. They can even automatically separate yolks from whites, if you like. This is normally done at the egg processing plant, and the containers of liquid are then delivered."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does a "draft" of cold air really work? | [
"If you have a perfectly sealed room, opening one window means air can only enter exit from that window. The incoming air is resisted by the pressure of the air already there. With two opposite windows open the incoming air can push the air out the other side."
] | [
"My question is can a bar of soap get dirty?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
How Much Electricity Can I Produce With 10000 Liters Of Water? (Hydropower) | [
"Depends how far the water falls. Hydropower converts potential energy to electricity. Potential energy is mass X force of gravity X height. Hydropower is around 90% efficient so we multiply by 90/100. 10,000 litres of water weighs 10,000 kg So for each metre it falls you'll produce 10,000*9.8*.9 joules. So that's ... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why the bass is so important to music in general, even though it doesn't sound loud in most songs? | [
"Depends on the music you are listening to. Most pop songs will have the bass ride the root notes. Bass players job is to keep time and out line the chord. So that in genres like rock, jazz, blues, etc the other instruments like piano, guitar, horns can solo and improvise. Jazz music is a great example. Bass “walks... | [
"Americans, on average, prefer a more \"country\" sound for some of their rock music, so the person who takes all the different recordings (the drums, the guitar, the main singer, the backing singers etc.) To add together to make the song also decides to add in to the background a tambourine, for example, being hit... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did physicists figure out the structure of an atom at a time when it was impossible to observe them? | [
"Well, it was an iterative process. There was no one experiment or theory that definitively showed how atoms are; it was a number of iterative discoveries and false starts made over many years. A brief window of this process: when electrons were discovered, it was theorized that atoms consisted of electrons in a cl... | [
"Well, we have observed it directly and can make it in laboratories. There isn't any reason to argue for its existence any more than there is a reason to argue for the existence of electrons and protons, we can just look at the stuff and see how it behaves."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does a RBMK reactor explode? | [
"Reactors use really hot water that’s maintained at a constant pressure as a coolant. The pressure prevents the water from boiling at its normal temperature. If there is change in this balance and the water turns to steam in the “primary coolant loop” the water becomes ineffective as a coolant. The reactor gets ho... | [
"The requirements for fusion are very high. A breach would cause the whole system to cool and lose energy to the point the reaction would cease very quickly. Fusion much safer than Fission."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come it feels so much better to sit with our legs up on a surface than down on the ground? | [
"Lifting your legs up helps the veins in them release pressure that is created by gravity pulling the blood down into them."
] | [
"On a toilet you're sitting on a ring. If you're leaning forward, which you probably are on the toilet unless you're just lounging on it, most of your weight is on the front part of that, cutting off circulation to your legs nicely."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do they turn black and white shows into color? | [
"1. Take a colourfully vibrant picture. 2. Turn it to grayscale 3. note which colour turns to which shade of grey 4. apply it in reverse to an originally grayscale picture 5. profit"
] | [
"What color is the skin of most of the people who make and utilize those drawings? Theres your answer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why do people have centrists? | [
"Centrist is just another word for having a variety of views regardless of where they fall on the left right spectrum. The extreme left and right hate centrists because they're both purity cults which demand perfect adherence to their side and anything outside of that is blasphemy."
] | [
"no offense but maybe you have a problem."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about politics:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about politics:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How did ancient people eat or even have teeth without any efficient way of cleaning them? Did they get toothaches and cavities often? | [
"A lot of the world still uses a tree branch to clean their teeth. _URL_0_ It's a neat experience, but as a Westerner, feels odd. Aside from. Using things like that, the bulk of modern dental problems are directly related to our diet. Heavy in processed starches and added sugars which stick to the teeth and allow a... | [
"We're one of the few animals to eat a high-carbohydrate diet, a diet only possible because we grow grains as crops with agriculture. Because we eat carbs, we leave lots of delicious bits of sugar behind on our teeth for bacteria to feast on, causing tooth decay. If we don't brush, we can get painful cavities and o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Dentistry:"
} |
how did saying 'shhhhhhh' become the way to get ppl to be quiet? | [
"When I had a new born kid they told us to shhh to calm our child. Was told it is similar to the ambient sound in the womb so babies are comforted by it. So maybe subconsciously some of that calming is in all of us and it makes us be quite."
] | [
"Supposedly meowing isn't natural for cats and they only communicate with each other by hissing. So your car meowing at you may be their attempt at communicating with you. My cat does it all the time when I sneeze or get out of the shower. I think she is worried or sympathetic. \"Quit standing in that damn shower, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is it when Chinese words are spelling with Roman letters they are spelled like that? | [
"> It's pronouned Shay-Shay It’s not. How an English speaker pronounces “shay shay” is completely different from how “Xie xie” is pronounced. Pinyin was designed to write down Chinese, not how Chinese sounds to an English speaker. “X” represents a sound that doesn’t exist in English, likewise for “Sh” and “q”. The ... | [
"We're just making a close approximation of the pronounced syllables. Even though the letters are different, the sounds are mostly the same, so we can just write what the sounds are. If everyone knows what the letters are supposed to represent in another language, and how to pronounce those letters, it becomes easy... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do documents say "any and all"? What is covered there that isn't covered by just saying "all"? | [
"In the old days legal stuff was written in latin. When writing it in english was new they would put the english word but then always say the latin word too. At some point that mutated into skipping the latin and just writing everything with two different english words. So there is dozens of examples of legal terms... | [
"It means that no license is extended for any use of any kind beyond that mandated by law - basically \"we reserve for ourselves all rights afforded us by copyright law, choosing not to share them with you\". Legally speaking, it's redundant, since that's the default status of any work under copyright."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what's the scientific reason behind blue balls | [
"Wait what? I've lived my entire life thinking \"blue balls\" was just a euphemism for sexual frustration or a \"so close\" frustration. It can cause physical pain???"
] | [
"that's what i've always heard. something to do with the bandaid on the back of his neck."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Sexual health:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Sexual health:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is bacteria so quickly becoming resistant to antibiotics and yet cooking your food still effectively kills all the bacteria? | [
"Imagine you're in the army and you have a tank. The enemy is trying to disable your tank. First they sneak in and cut the fuel line and the tank is disabled. You see this and move the fuel line so that it isn't readily accessible and is protected. This is resistance. There is another way to disable the tank. You ... | [
"It's often not the bacteria that are the problem. Rather, it's various toxins that are produced by the bacteria's metabolic processes that are dangerous, and microwaving won't remove them even if it does kill the bacteria."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Microbiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Microbiology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do the calculator and the phone not share the same number placement/ pattern? | [
"Both layouts were a result of a need to increase efficiency/productivity in their respective industries. The calculator layout was made for bookkeepers and found it increased their speed and efficiency. The phone layout was made to decrease the amount of wrong numbers that were dialed by people using phones, as th... | [
"The code is generated from an algorithm which uses the current time as an input. They are only good for about 30 seconds and your device can generate them with only a reasonably accurate clock for reference (and the starting seed code unique to your account of course)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How are Native Americans so tan, if they migrated to North America from Siberia through the Bering Strait? | [
"Cause they weren't caucasians...nor Chinese Han. If you compare Native American vs Siberian, they're not that far off"
] | [
"Because, skin color has nothing to do with latitude, it has to do with ancestry. People in South America are descended ultimately from the same common ancestors as people from Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Oceania, and those common ancestors had light skin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why don’t tattoos just go away? If it’s just staining your cells and the cells eventually die, wouldn’t it just disappear? | [
"The ink goes into a deeper layer of skin than just what's on the surface, so it holds for much longer. Some colors do fade faster than others, and tattoos on certain parts of the body (like on the palm of the hand or inside of a lip) will not last as long as others. And they can get faded faster through unprotect... | [
"Short answer: The same way bad haircuts do. Longer answer: The human body is an amazing bit of engineering. It's constantly repairing itself, protecting the more vital organs from harm, and adapting to the environment as best it can in a way that human beings haven't even come close to replicating with technology.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does exercising improve immune system? | [
"No-one really knows. Statistics does confirm that it does improve, but how exactly, there are just theories. The most likely one is stronger heart muscle and better circulation/blood filtration. Exercising results in better bloodflow, so blood moves white blood cells around body quicker and easier (no clogged arte... | [
"Memory consolidation for your brain and physical rest for skeletal muscle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why do certain foods such as soup and sausages “blow up” in the microwave? | [
"Pressure, essentially. Microwaves cause water molecules to vibrate, which displaces air bubbles. Heat also causes air to expand and rise to the surface. So the tiny bubble that was at the bottom, gets bigger as it heats up and moves towards the surface. Then, the surface tension of the soup in this case, breaks an... | [
"It’s an evolutionary thing. We like cold water because it’s healthier. Warm water is the breeding ground for lots of dangerous bacteria. That’s why if you need warm water when cooking you heat it up in the microwave or in a kettle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why do larger capacity SSDs have better read and write speeds than smaller ones? | [
"Higher capacity SSDs are very similiar to lower capacity SSDs (for the same model), but have more flash chips to store data. The controllers in SSDs can access these chips in parallel, at the same time, and so can transfer more *total* data to more chips in the same amount of time, than they could with any chip in... | [
"There's no trouble. They are just expensive. A 256GB Micro SD card is similar in price to a 256GB SSD. SSDs are extremely fast and reliable compared to microSD, and can handle many more read/write cycles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how come when you eat food too fast you get the hiccups? | [
"Biologist here! Fun question! Basically when you eat or drink too fast it stretches your stomach quickly, that irritates the diaphragm muscle (the one that controls breathing basically) and it starts to spasm, causing hiccups!"
] | [
"OMG I KNOW THIS happylittlegirl.jpeg When you eat, the food going own your intestins actually expand your intestines a little bit, and after a while of not eating your intestines crawl back together, this makes a noise, the growl noise, and this is also what you feel when you are hungry. :) hope it helps."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are two notes the same on different octaves? | [
"The frequency of the lower octave note is one half that of the higher octave note, meaning that half of the peaks and valleys of the sounds waves align. That's why they sounds alike and are considered the same note."
] | [
"B sharp is C and likewise e sharp is f. The scale follows this pattern on every instrument. Look at a piano, notice how there's 7 white keys and 5 black in one octave? In Western music, there are 12 notes in a full scale. So in short, these notes exist, just not in the manner as other sharps and flats."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that tunnels and bridges don't rip themselves apart if the land is constantly changing and shifting | [
"That's what the engineers do, is identify fault lines and make sure the tunnels don't pass through any of those areas. And no, the Chunnel is through one solid area of rock, and none of it is shifting. Besides, it's 250 feet below the bottom of the channel so there isn't really any way that a collapse or fractur... | [
"There was a crack in the tectonic plate a long time ago that never really 'healed', so the underlying plate is still weak in that zone and can shift under pressure. This shifting causes earthquakes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Are emotions like laughter conscious or unconscious actions? | [
"There's not really any universal theory of emotion but rather a few with different explanations for it, some say it's a conscious thing while others say it's subconscious. James-Lange theory says that a stimulus/event triggers a physiological response (PR, i.e increase in heart beat, sweating, etc) which is then s... | [
"People have both a conscious and a sub-conscious mind. Your conscious mind can be surprised by your sub-conscious mind."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Psychology:"
} |
- Why do baby teeth grow in relatively straight, but adult teeth grow in so crooked, requiring braces? | [
"Babies have less teeth than adults which leaves more room for them to grow in correctly. Once adult teeth start to grow in sometimes the additional molars make the front teeth crowd."
] | [
"A while back, humans used to have bigger jaws which accomodated an extra tooth at the very back. It does the same as your other molars, which is to crush. Over time, humans have had smaller jaws, and our teeth didn't proportionately shrink. It meant that our teeth just simply didn't fit in our mouth. The last mola... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do out bodies get random chills for 1 second? | [
"Nerves are not exact wires like the electrical connections in a computer are. They are basically tubes with a mix of chemicals, hoping that the electricity gets through. Sometimes there is a glitch in the ratio of this chemistry. This causes a wave of electricity to rush through a part of them all at once. It is i... | [
"Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
- Why is all lint blueish grey? | [
"Dark colors are always gonna be the most prominent of colors, regardless of what you have. Multiple colors at once make darker stuff, and a lot of the fluff that comes off in the dryer are very thin/small bits of color, when combined tend to make grey."
] | [
"> I wanted to know if anyone knows why there's a black box at the bottom of the pdf file. Your .pdf reader is messing up, there is no black box."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are MLMs still as big as they are even though pyramid schemes are illegal in many countries? | [
"The difference between a \"pyramid scheme\" and an \"MLM\" is that in a pyramid scheme, *there is no product* - the only thing you're \"selling\" is entry into the pyramid scheme, which does absolutely nothing at all other than move more money to the top. In an MLM, the money still moves to the top, but when you ... | [
"Multi-level marketing is what it stands for. I’m not very familiar with them but I know they can essentially be a pyramid scheme."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Finance:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Finance:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Finance:"
} |
How did the talks of war with Iran rise so quickly and what are the underlying causes? | [
"Watch the movie [Wag the Dog](_URL_0_). The idea is to distract the public from the Mueller report long enough that it's not in the news anymore. A really common tactic used in politics (on both sides) is to divert public attention on a minor crisis towards potentially a seemingly major crisis (albeit a completely... | [
"To know what they're up to. Whether you're expecting a war or not you want to know what everybody is up to so you can always have the upper hand. An often-raised point here is how this is coming to light just before some big negotiations between the USA and EU. If the USA knows everything the EU really wants they... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come the iron in our blood doesn't seep out during an MRI scan? | [
"Because they are not simply iron ions dissolved in water, but they are bound to the enzyme [Haemoglobin]( _URL_0_). Basically, they're part of a much larger molecule and shielded by the enzyme."
] | [
"It will cause water to try and leave the bacterial cell. If the cell loses too much water too quickly, it will die. This is also why it hurts so damn bad to get salt in an open cut."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What did the KGB do during the Soviet union? | [
"I acknowledge they use inhumane methods (and I'm not apologetic for what they did, just stating what the did), but it is basically the \"internal security\" for the Soviet Union: safeguarding the Soviet Union against perceived or actual threats like political dissidents, nationalists/separatists, and, terrifyingly... | [
"Was any Asian country capable of helping the United States during the revolutionary war?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why are they called 'wisdom teeth'? | [
"I'm not a dentist, or a linguist but it's probably since they only come when you're older, hence wiser?"
] | [
"Because they can just say 'herbs and spices'"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why has split screen gaming disappeared? | [
"Because Internet. You can just play games online and be able to see the whole screen. Many times you don't need to be huddled around a game console with your buddies playing split screen."
] | [
"I used to be able to watch longer videos on my phone via LTE. Apparently this changed sometime earlier this week. Now when trying to watch, say, a 3-hour podcast on YouTube, it says that the video is only available on WiFi. This is very new and I'm wondering why YouTube would do this. Anyone?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do some countries have super deadly animals while others dont? | [
"Deadly animals live in all habitats. Before humans were around, there were deadly animals virtually everywhere in the world, save for perhaps a handful of deserted islands. As humanity grew and spread, and learned how to defend themselves, animals also learned to keep away from human populations. For this reason t... | [
"Follow up: If you can get these chemicals in the US and other Western countries, why are these attacks not as common here as they are in the east?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How touch technology works? | [
"Conductivity. There's an electric field across the whole screen. Your fingers are conductive, so when you touch the screen, some of that electricity drains away. The device has sensors all around and so can tell how far across and how far up that screen that happened. That tells the computer exactly where the touc... | [
"Maintenance. Programming. Upgrading. Designing. There will still be jobs. People will adapt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why do certain containers cause the liquid to disastrously pour down the side but others don’t? | [
"Water is sticky. It likes to stay in contact with the sides of the glass. Sometimes, if the glass you're pouring from has a rounded edge, and you don't pour fast enough, the water moves so slowly that it sticks to the edge. It won't want to leave the glass, so it rolls over the edge, and keeps on sticking to the o... | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do air conditioners work? | [
"An air conditioner is simply a refrigerator that cools the air in general, instead of the inside of a box. Refrigrators work by squeezing a gas, which makes it hot, letting it cool down inside pipes that are outside, then allowing it to expand, which makes it cool, and letting the gas warm up again in pipes inside... | [
"They dig a hole in the ground and install the equipment. You may want to find another way to ask that question if you want a more detailed answer. What cant something like this be done in Tokyo?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are vietnam veterans praised so much in America? | [
"Mainly , and this is my opinion/take on it, because a majority (FC?) of the military was drafted and there were *lots* of protests against the Vietnam war and how we shouldn’t have been there. It was a horribly gruesome war, and the veterans of it deserve the praise because of what they were forced to endure meani... | [
"You all seem to be asking a lot about communism here."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is the point of your anus having so many nerve endings? Why is it so sensitive? | [
"Some believe that defecating feels good because our bodies often reward us for necessary functions, such as eating, defecating, urinating and procreating. In other words, we have nerves down there so that it feels good when we poop, so that we enjoy pooping, so that we don't hold the poop in and mess up our bodies... | [
"I guess it has something to do with fingers being one of the most sensitive parts of the human body due to the high number of nerve endings there. They're the ah.... *second* most sensitive part of the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
what do anti-histamines do to the body that reduces allergies? | [
"Ok now like a real 5 year old. Your body sends a message to its soldiers that it’s under attack. Antihistamines tell the soldiers that the attackers are really not a threat and the soldiers can go do something else."
] | [
"You may notice that this tends to eat something you're allergic to or when you have seasonal allergies. It can't be relieved by scratching because it's an internal histamine immune response to the allergen. If you took some antihistamine, it might relieve the itching."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What makes up the part of food that's neither carbs, protein, fibre, nor fats? | [
"Water. Most living things are mostly water. Lettuce is 96% water. meat is like 75% water. Even dry fruit like like 20% water. Most stuff you eat is wet enough you can squeeze it and make juice come out."
] | [
"To put it simply, you need a lot of different things in food to stay alive. Multivitamins don't contain much more than what the name says they contain: vitamins. Fruits and vegetables, however, contain sugars, minerals, unsaturated fat (the healthier kind of fat) and more."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
how does each study model work and why are some better than others? Aka Cohort, meta analyse, epidemiological, etc | [
"Asking why one is better than another is like asking why a ruler is better than a measuring cup. Each study model gathers a specific kind of information at the expense of other kinds. A meta-analysis is going to give you a bird's eye view of your subject by looking only at the clean statistical data gathered by ot... | [
"Sample size is generally a pretty good place to start You can also take a look at the methodology, are control groups used, is there obvious bias in selection of 'test subjects' or other testing methods (ask yourself if the study is out to find information or confirm something the people running the study already ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it common to pronounce some latin names like Caesar and Cicero with a soft C instead of a hard K (the traditional latin pronunciation), but not names like Cornelius and Caius? | [
"I mean, in Classical Latin, it really is pronounced \"Kae-sar\" and \"Kae-sero,\" but English speakers are terrible about not butchering names. Plus, it's how Ecclesiastical Latin pronounces some of them, because it's more related to Italian."
] | [
"Character and chameleon come from Greek root words. When the Greek word was adopted into our alphabet the \"ka\" sound was written as \"ch\". Champion and Chalk came from Latin and over time were pronounced with the \"cha\" sound that was also written as \"ch\" in our alphabet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people lease cars? It seems like such a waste of money to me. | [
"For some people, like sales people who travel a lot, need a new car every 2 or 3 years and can take a business deduction, it can make sense. For anyone else, it's the appeal of the nice car for a lower monthly payment. It's not the frugal choice, but people can be taken in by the hype, or they just really place a... | [
"A car is not an investment. You are always going to lose money on it. But you may chose to lose more or less money."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does overcooking chicken breast make it rubbery, while overcooking other parts like the thighs make it tender? | [
"Breasts and thighs cook at different rates. If you cook them the same amount of time, you are likely overcooking the breast and perfectly cooking the thighs. Also, tenderness is a combo of the structure of the meat and moisture level. Chicken breast has almost no fat or connective tissue. When you cook it, you are... | [
"Pork and poultry contain bacteria that needs to be killed off to make the meat safe to eat, whereas beef and lamb typically only have harmful bacteria on the outermost layer. So you can seer a steak or lamb chops but leave them fairly rare in the middle and it’ll be fine. Also, rare/medium rare lamb chops and ste... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what actually happens when a molecule activates a receptor vs when an inhibitor molecule just blocks it? | [
"Think of the molecule as a key and the receptor as a lock. The \"real\" key will always be able to open the lock as intended. However, there are some keys that coincidentally have a similar shape to the \"real\" key, but not similar enough to open the lock. So when you try to open the lock with the similar key, in... | [
"In the mouth, down the esophagus, into the stomach, into the small intestine, diffuses through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream, through the bloodstream to the brain, diffuses across the blood brain barrier, latches onto neurons as a positive allosteric modulator (meaning it doesn't bind to the receptor si... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What are the benefits of leasing a car over buying one? | [
"None. Buy a used car... It will save you so much money. Also buying used doesn't mean your buying junk. You can buy used cars from a dealership or private party with less than 10,000 miles easily, and save thousands of dollars."
] | [
"When leasing a car, you usually pay a down payment, then you make monthly payments. After the end of the lease, you have to return the car back to the shop - you never actually \"own\" the car while it's under lease. However, you also have the option to pay off the rest of the car when your lease expires, and then... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
OS (C:) vs DATA (D:) | [
"In the old days, computer manufacturers didn't have a way to easily name drives the nice descriptive names that they do now, so they used letters. * Typically \"A\" was for floppies. * Then \"B\" was for a second floppy, or backups. * When hard drives became common, \"C\" became common for hard drives. * When CDs ... | [
"With SSD's its an easy answer. For example: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Image sizes. If the camera settings stays the same and the image is stored as a set of pixel values, why does the image size change? | [
"The images are likely being compressed. Say for example you take a picture of someone in front of a flat white wall. Uncompressed the photo file would have to explicitly store that every single individual pixel of the wall is white, while a compressed file would store “all the pixels between *here* and *here* is ... | [
"A pixel is the smallest unit of an image a computer can show. They are generally rectangles with a color. The measurements you are referring to are how many pixels the screen/image has. More pixels can show more detail as the size of each pixel decreases in a given area."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Mathematics:"
} |
Why are wooden houses more common in the U.S when block/brick houses are more common in Europe? | [
"Wood is really, *really* cheap in the US. It is easily the least expensive and quickest way to build a house. Concrete block houses are more common in hurricane-prone areas that have strict codes."
] | [
"In states like California, the wooden homes can withstand earthquakes (and is cheaper than the other earthquake code approved material, steel reinforced concrete) because they're flexible and can bend a bit. So what homes are made of is going to depend on where you are. Are you on Long Island in New York? The hous... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why has there been an increase in reported vision problems in the last 100 or so years? Myopia, Hyperopia, Presbyopia, and Astigmatism in particular. | [
"Dont forget that it is a lot easier to have eye checkups nowadays and therefore theres a lot more diagnosis of these problems. Myopia and presbyopia are mostly caused by the shape of the eyes, so that the lenses in your eyes cant project the image correctly on your retina = blurred vision. So blue lights as mentio... | [
"Rods and cones in your eye dies (affecting colour vision and darkness vision) Your lens harden and become less flexible (affecting focus). Fluid in your eyeball become more viscous and thick (affecting focus) Muscles pulling on lens/muscles affecting pupil size becomes weaker/less elastic (affecting focus) All th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does medication expire and what makes them potentially “dangerous”? | [
"Most medication really doesn't expire. After awhile it can be less effective. _URL_0_ But some drugs like insulin and liquids can break down and be dangerous to use if not stored properly"
] | [
"Those foods are usually vacuum sealed, and are therefore protected from contaminants. Combined with the preservatives inside them, they can sit on a shelf for months or years and still be edible. Even most foods that have a \"best by\" date, are still perfect edible months or even years after they have \"expired.\... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
how do package trackers for UPS & Amazon work? | [
"Each package is assigned a number, which is why you get a tracking number you can use to see where it was last seen. That number is entered into a computer database. When the package is loaded onto or off of a truck/plane that number is scanned and tagged with the time and location where it was scanned. The comp... | [
"It just depends on what service you are using and what you paid for. I get stuff from China and Canada that tracks in USPS. Try asking the Post Office to make sure you get international tracking."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do cold feet always sting when you enter a hot tub? | [
"Your skin is covered in temperature sensitive cells. They are what tells you that something is too hot or cold. But the way they do so is dependent on the temperature your body has been at recently. If it goes too far in either direction, these things start going off like alarms. The sudden change in temperature f... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do the Japanese refer to themselves with their family names in public? When is it okay to call them by their first names? | [
"Only if you're very close to them is it okay to call then by their first name. It's an intimacy thing, while adding -san, -kun, -chan, -sama, -dono to their names is a respect thing. If someone's name is Bob Bobbins, you'd call then Bobbins-san if you don't know them. If someone is a higher rank than you (leaders ... | [
"-chan is for when you call someone cute, or younger people. -kun is for friends, your buddies. -san is for adults and general people you want to adress politely It's only used when addressing someone directly, not for yourself. It's basically just a way of indicating your relation to the person."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why dont sperm banks keep sperm warm like our bodies do rather than freezing it? | [
"Freezing it puts it into a sort of suspended animation and preserves it. If they kept it warm then they would live their natural very short life cycle as cells (about 5 days) and without testes resupply while in the bank it makes collecting it in the first place useless. Being stored warm also makes it more likely... | [
"I think it's because there isn't as much blood in ur hands because the warmth is needed in more important organs, so there is less protection around nerves?? I'd like to know if I'm wrong though"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:"
} |
What happens in the brain when catchy songs get stuck in our head for days? | [
"I don't know. But I know how to make ear worms and other compulsive thoughts stop: Do numbers. From 1 - 100, pick random, non- sequential numbers, slowly & wth patience. For example, 76, 25, 63, 4, 37,: etc & so on. Breathe, go slowly and do this for couple minutes. It resets our little brain."
] | [
"You see or heard something that reminded you of the song. However, your brain is not satisfied just remembering the song. Your brain can't find closure and throws it on a loop. That's why listening to it usually helps; the brain has heard it all again and can end the song in a natural manner. Think about it, you n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it that a couple can have HIV negative children despite one or both of them being HIV positive? | [
"I'm a family medicine resident so somewhat qualified I guess to answer. The transmission rate from mom to infant is only something like 10% without hiv treatment, this is because most of the time the virus does not cross the placenta. Sometimes it does and there is a riks of transmission to baby during delivery. I... | [
"People can live with HIV if properly medicated with antiviral drugs. In some cases a person might never develop AIDS despite being HIV positive. In short he's been fortunate enough to have been able to manage his illness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do the saws used to remove casts not break skin? | [
"It doesn’t actually rotate, it just vibrates back and forth, it ‘cuts’ through the cast because its hard and sturdy, when it hits your skin it does no damage as your skin actually moves with it due to its flexibility."
] | [
"Cracking the bones but not moving them far enough to cut the nerves will not kill you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What does DJ Khaled really do in a song? Like what's his job about beside randomly shouting his name in the track? | [
"Dj Khaled is a songwriter and producer. So, while it may seem that all he does is yell WEDABEST!!!, he actually helps write lyrics and create the beats to his songs. Then he tries to find other artists to get on his track."
] | [
"The producer in music is the one who manages the recording of a song/album, but in rap, it's a little more - the producer is usually the one who writes the instrumental part of the song. The rapper, the one whose name appears as the artist, does the lyrics on top. Kanye can write a really catchy beat, and he got f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does the wind "carry" noise? | [
"Sound is air molecules bumping into each other at different frequencies. The wind moves there particles forward, giving them energy to hit harder, and that's why the sound seems louder when the wind is \"carrying\" it"
] | [
"From a conscious view...that's complex. From a wind view, molecules of air. Same as anything rubbing against your skin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why is keeping ice on the skin bad, but keeping organs on ice preserves them? | [
"Because they're not placed directly on ice. Great care is taken not to damage them and they're usually wrapped in some form of protective film"
] | [
"It doesn't, it stays edible. Once it's frozen it's no longer \"fresh\". To answer the question of why does food stay edible for longer when frozen, because bacteria have a harder time growing in sub-zero environments."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does a banana get more sugary after it over-ripens, even after it is cut off of its tree? | [
"All the sugar is already in the banana but it is woven in long threads that don't taste sweet in mouth. When it ripens the threads break down and we can taste the sugar again."
] | [
"With bananas specifically the turning brown does not necessarily mean it has gone bad but is a product of the environment it is kept. Put one in the fridge and it will turn brown almost overnight but the fruit inside will keep for longer than if left out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are some animals like birds and reptiles born from eggs while most mammals are not? | [
"Everyone is born in an egg. Just some species keep the eggs inside mommy till they hatch and some pop the egg out early to hatch in the nest."
] | [
"They ovulate multiple eggs at once. Large mammals, such as humans, elephants, rhinos, whales, horses, cows, etc... usually ovulate one egg at a time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about biology:"
} |
How do random glitches happen on computers and smart phones when the code is perfectly fine? | [
"They happen because the code is never perfectly fine. There are errors in any software. The code just mostly works, while in a stable situation. Once in a while something unexpected happens - like a network loss, or a hardware problem, or some weird user input - and the software might not be ready for this kind of... | [
"Computer programs ALWAYS have bugs, it's the nature of programming as software is usually so complicated with thousands upon thousands of lines of code, some situations weren't thought about or someone just made a mistake when making it. Little bugs often exist that cause programs to become unstable over time, and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a bleeding bumhole not get infected? | [
"It for sure can, which is why you should keep an eye on things & contact your doctor if anything new starts to happen."
] | [
"Stick it in, get a cut or a scratch. Cut or scratch gets infected."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Cascading in database? | [
"In an SQL database you can define a Foreign Key from one table to another. For example if you have a \"students\" table and a \"teachers\" table, you can have a \"homeroom teacher\" column in the students table, which holds the ID (primary key) of one the teachers in the teachers table. This is defined as a foreig... | [
"There is also [this](_URL_0_) image that explains main differences between the two."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does staying hydrated work? Why don’t we drink electrolyte solutions like pedialyte daily in addition to water to maintain hydration? | [
"You’re getting enough electrolytes if you eat normally. So in that case regular water is fine. You only run into problems if you’re not able to eat normally due to some kind of major illness."
] | [
"Hangover's are caused by dehydration and an electrolyte imbalance. Alcohol is a diuretic, meaning it causes your body to release water, so you urinate a lot. With that water you are also losing tons of electrolytes. Your body needs both to function properly. The morning after you feel lousy due to this imbalance. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
; why is none of something pluralised? | [
"In this case the plural is also the collective noun. You're not really talking about *any* amount of apples but rather the concept of apples (specifically your lack of possession). Or another way: It's because what you're *really* doing is saying in one statement that you do not have each and every apple, so you u... | [
"_URL_0_ is kind of what i was looking for but I want to know why people are protesting today."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why do stop lights make you press the walk sign button? | [
"If no-one needs to cross the road, it would be pointless to stop the traffic. By requiring pedestrians to press the button you can keep the traffic interruptions to a minimum and only when there is actually someone who needs to cross."
] | [
"Because if there's nobody waiting at the bus stop, the driver will likely just drive on without stopping unless someone presses the button."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What does this helium shortage mean? Can we make more? Isn’t it important? | [
"In order: It will mean that we can't run things like the LHC, MRIs, and other machines that needs to be super-cold or have extremely strong magnets. We also can't do certain sorts of studies on physics. We can't make it, because it only comes from nuclear decay. We happen to get it when we harvest natural gas, but... | [
"Because 1. It is not really that expensive compared to other Government programs. 2. Science begets science. We might learn things applicable here on earth. 3. We are killing the earth as fast as we can with no sign of letting up. Some day we may be glad to have found somewhere else to go."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How did the cliché of getting hit by a falling piano or anvil come about? | [
"Not the exact same trope, but possibly it started with [this Buster Keaton skit from 1920](_URL_0_)."
] | [
"Yes. Although it's generally less Hollywood style flying through the air and then dust yourself off and walk away and more roughly the same thing that happens to a person hit by a speeding bus."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
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