query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What can a Raspberry Pi do? | [
"Its a mini computer. So anything you want a cheap, small computer for. I use one for an emulator (playing old video games). I have another one I use as a wireless print server. At work, we use it in place of a computer (its displaying a dashboard on a TV, so computing power isn't needed). You could use it as a me... | [
"Connect two computers with a network cable. Bam! Your very own personal Internet!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why doesn’t sunburn appear until hours after you’ve left the sun? | [
"Wait so can we clarify something here? I always get like number 2 or 4 sun tan oil because i want to tan, but i read that even spf 15-30 you will still get a tan but less harmful effects. Is this true? Do you just get less tanned? I thought it just blocks off everything so you dont even tan and it protects you fro... | [
"UV rays are very small waves that can harm your skin. Sun block works by scattering the rays away or absorbing it so it doesn't harm your skin. I don't know why people are being assholes in the comments."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how ants determine the path they take between their home and food | [
"A trail of formic acid they left behind like breadcrumbs. They use smell to follow the path."
] | [
"Communal animals like ants have a strong fear of disease, as it can quickly wipe out a whole colony. So out of fear that a dead or dying ant is a victim of disease, ants will carry the body far away from the nest. Leaf cutter ants, specifically, have actual graveyards where they put all their dead, again, very far... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If our nose hairs are our bodies filtration system, why is it ok to wax those hairs away? | [
"Whomever told you it's ok to wax nose hairs is very wrong. Nose hairs are the first filter to keep particles out of your lungs, not having them would be bad. Also plucking/waxing/pulling them out is bad because parts of the nose are on the brain side of the blood-brain barrier. If you rip a nose hair out and the f... | [
"The only health benefit that immediately comes to mind is cleanliness. Keeping copious amounts of hair clean is difficult, and you don't want to let it become a repository for bacteria and germs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What's the different between Gen 3/3+ or Gen 4 nuclear reactor to the normal Gen 2 reactor? What are the advantages? | [
"3+ plants incorporate passive safety features. That’s the biggest difference. Gen 3 plants eliminate large Recirculation piping and reduce the size of the worst possible LOCA because of smaller piping. They are usually simpler. They take advantage of the operating knowledge of the gen 2 plants which are the first... | [
"We can indeed! That's being worked on right now. The most common design of nuclear reactor needs a higher grade of fuel, but other designs exist."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do stocks work, and how do you profit from them? | [
"Stocks are pieces of a company. Let's say my company: Simmell Corp. Is worth 500 million dollars and I want to sell 1 million shares. Each share is \"worth\" 500 dollars. Now, one day Simmell Corp announces we are adding new products and have higher profits. The company is worth 600 million, so each share is worth... | [
"Because the company's involvement ends after the first sale. So Stocks 101: There are two markets for stocks - the primary and secondary. The primary market is when a company sells shares for the first time (an IPO) or when they release new shares. The money investors pay goes directly into the company's bank acco... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does spicy food make me feel high? | [
"Spicy foods typically involve something called capsaicin, which causes the body to release pain-signalling chemicals.The body's normal response to pain is to release endorphins - natural painkillers. Adequate capsaicin can bring about the release of enough endorphins to make you feel \"high\" in the sense that you... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is it possible to genetically engineer a horse to grow a horn, like a unicorn? | [
"In theory, yes. Are we that advanced? I'm not sure but I'm pretty confident we aren't there yet However, instead of altering their genetic code to naturally grow one I do believe we have the power to implant a horn 'seed' of sorts and make one grow that way"
] | [
"Marco Polo apparently described seeing a unicorn on his voyages. It is thought that he actually saw a rhinoceroses. As to where Mythical Creatures actually originate, it's really hard (or impossible) to tell. All we can do is theorise, and with unicorns... well, the modern depiction of unicorns and giant white ho... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are name brand foods usually better than store brands? Or are we just suckers for marketing? | [
"Sometimes the name brands use more expensive ingredients, proprietary recipes, or just have tighter quality control standards. Sometimes they're the exact same thing in a different wrapper. We are suckers for marketing though."
] | [
"When you buy something from a \"name brand\" company like Pepsi or Coke, you're not only paying for the product but you're paying for all the overhead that comes along with producing it and getting it on the shelf- namely the marketing/branding. Store brands are a lot cheaper because it's the result of a super eff... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do people express less intense emotion as they grow older? | [
"Exposure most likely combined with knowing that dropping a cookie isn't the end of the world."
] | [
"I think it has more to do with psychology than physiology: adventure is more important to children than comfort. Our priorities shift as we get older."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How to CDs work, more specifically, how does sound and picture get transmitted from a little disc? | [
"A CD is essentially a layer of metal pressed between two pieces of plastic. To record onto the CD, a laser burns pits into the metal. If there’s a pit, that represents a 0, and if there isn’t, that represents a 1. This is recorded from the inside to the outside in a tight spiral. To read the CD, another laser is s... | [
"The answer is actually very simple - most players are built to hold the CD such firmly in place that the laser head doesn't touch the disk. Of course some car players actually do scratch the disks, which never results in a happy listener. On the other hand, how the CD doesn't skip in a bump, is explained by readin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does a company like Space X make money? | [
"They offer launch services to the government and private companies and charge money for those services."
] | [
"I think Musk should consult with HughesNet on this adventure. Because they deliver!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why sometimes when you take a short nap for a half hour that it sometimes feels like you've been asleep for days? | [
"\"Why we sleep\" is a fantastic book on the topic of sleep if you have any more sleep related questions."
] | [
"Absolutely take a 20 minute power nap, just make sure you don't sleep for too long. If you over do it, you'll feel groggy as all hell when you wake up. 20 minutes is enough that you'll feel refreshed afterwards, but short enough you won't fall into a deep sleep. I do it all the time at work (truck driver), it's f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why Europe is counted as a separate continent to Asia | [
"Because the ancient greeks only knew the mediterranean (hence its name, middle-of-the-earth) and its surrounding landmasses, and divided the world into three distinct areas: Europe, Asia (Turkey) and Libya (North Africa). Africa is also somewhat connected to the Asian landmass via Arabia. The discovery of America,... | [
"Russia is a part of Europe. It's also a part of Asia. Or are you asking why Russia isn't in the EU? That's a whole separate question."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it bad to "blank" fire a bow? to release the string with no arrow in it. | [
"When you loose (fire) a bow with an arrow in it, all of the stored energy goes into the arrow, which is what makes it fly. If you dry loose it, there's no arrow, and nothing to absorb that energy, so it goes into the frame of the bow which can do serious structural damage."
] | [
"The same reason you should never dry fire a bow (shooting a bow without an arrow in place). If there is no arrow to transfer the energy of the pulled bowstring, all of that energy will go into the bow itself and can damage or shatter the bow. Your arm functions the same way as a bow: transfering energy into the ba... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did the Japanese side with Nazi Germany when the “perfect utopia” Hitler was going for didn’t even include Japanese people? | [
"The biggest obstacle to Japanese expansion in the Pacific was the United States, with colonial powers Britain and France also being a problem. If these countries were pinned down in Europe fighting the Germans, Japan would have a chance to build and strengthen a much bigger Pacific empire, and thought the Allies ... | [
"It's complicated, but it all just boils down to ideology and national interest. Facism and National Socialism were the most ideologically similar. Germany wanted to conquer Europe, and Italy wanted to rule Africa, so they did not have a conflict of interest."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do you people have higher levels of anxiety about minor problems when they awake in the middle of the night? Many issues that seem trivial and are easily ignored during the day can cause severe anxiety in the middle of the night. | [
"Iirc it is in part due to lowered regulation of bodily functions when we're tired/on the edge of sleep. Being in a state where the body is shutting down unnecessary functions, or slowing necessary ones for a little R & R, we don't have the mental capacity to separate emotional struggles from physical/actual threat... | [
"It is not clear if that is actually true. Children are more likely to be unable to deal with a nightmare, to request aid, to show an impact the next day, and to be afraid of things going forward because of a nightmare. When an adult has a nightmare, usually they are the only one who will even know about it, which ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
When you're feeling unwell, why does 'fresh air' always make you feel better? | [
"Because when you are stressed, your body changes your body rithm for your own sake to make you more alert or prepared for the reason whatever stresses you it doesn't know. This change is obviously bad for you it makes you feel even worse but as I stated your body is just trying to keep you safe in short term. Some... | [
"You know how sometimes, when you feel really really ill, you just want to find a cosy little spot to curl up in and rest until the worst of it passes? It's the same thing for most animals."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the weird particles, colours when closing your eyes? | [
"They're called Phosphenes. When your eyes are open, the abundance of light overpowers anything else that likewise stimulates the cells in the back of your eye. When you keep the light from getting in by closing your eyes or by being in darkness, you can see the random noise/stimulation that is normally overpowered... | [
"They don't. It's your stupid human brain tricking you into seeing black. In fact, the lack of a real black is one of the problems with projectors."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do so many languages have similar sounding words for mother and father, even when those languages seemingly developed separately? | [
"Part of it would be that a lot of languages come from a handful of very old and now extinct languages. So those words would have been around since then The other explaination would be that those words are ones that babies would say by just making sounds as most words for dad is something like dada, papa, baba"
] | [
"Many languages are related, so it's possible they could have the same homonyms as each other. For example English is a germanic language with a lot of French influence, which is a romance language. And both germanic an romance languages are branches of the indo-European language family. This means they're all desc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does sleep Paralysis occur and why is it such a temporary effect. | [
"There's a chemical that your brain releases to prevent you from acting out your dreams basically a paralysing agent so when suddenly waking from your sleep that chemical is still in your system thus the paralasys effect"
] | [
"Because they mess with the levels of various chemicals in the brain(often dopamine), Messing with the balance of chemicals in the brain can lead to many strange behaviors. Nightmares are just one of them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Medicine:"
} |
If white reflects the whole color spectrum, why are mirrors or other reflective materials often used to reflect sun rays? e.g. in some kinds or solar plants or to keep cars cool | [
"A white surface is white because it reflects all the colors of light, but mixes them up into a big jumble of light because the surface isn't smooth. A mirror reflects all colors of light, but doesn't mix it up so the light rays leave in the same way they hit the mirror, meaning you see the individual spots of col... | [
"It appears blue because it is specifically tinted blue to keep the sun out of your eyes without significantly impacting visibility."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How Does Snapchat Know I Screenshot Something? | [
"Snapchat on Android appears to monitor for the creation of new image files and just assumes they were created by screenshotting. I was once transferring some images on to my phone by USB and browsing snapchat at the same time, and each time a file was copied over snapchat displayed the \"you took a screenshot!\" n... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is credit card debt? | [
"Credit cards are basically banks agreeing to loan you money, pre-approved up to a limit, with the expectation that you will pay them back. If you don't pay them back, in full, by the due date (around one month from when you borrow the money), they charge a fee for the inconvenience (interest). At the same time, as... | [
"No. Credit isn't built through debt with a single source."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do sales actually work? | [
"Banana Inc registers sales immediately after the Random Store acquires product. Banana Inc is entitled to get all their money for the product from Random Store, respectively if they've sold it to final customer or not. There are of course exceptions, like consignment or if the store is a branch of Banana Inc., but... | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If all planets were flat, including stars, moons, etc, how would that effect the solar system? | [
"They would all immediately start cracking and crushing toward their centers and end up roughly spherical. They're spheres because of gravity."
] | [
"Either they're crazy or trying to argue with you. You can stand at some places on Earth and actually see the curvature of the planet. Not to mention, you know... the fact that we've been to (and still are in) outer space and are constantly videoing the earth from outer space. Also, the physics in our solar system ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about writing:",
"pos": "Represent the document about writing:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes different sizes of raindrops? | [
"Raindrop shape is dependent on gravity force, the density of air (atmospheric pressure), the surface tension of water and wind. Gravity and the density are almost constant. So the main variables that influence the shape are wind and temperature (influences slightly viscosity thereby surface tension)."
] | [
"No. A rainbow is not a physical object. It's an illusion created by light refracting through water droplets suspended in the air."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Physics:"
} |
how do you make money as a stock broker | [
"Buy low, sell high. Stocks are a popularity contest. The more popular it is, the more expensive it is to buy. Stock brokers try to gather news in whatever way possible to find out when “events” happen that will affect the popularity. Buy stuff before it gets popular and sell it before it loses popularity."
] | [
"They paint pictures in the same way the original artist did and they have a good eye for colour. Can you do that? if so, go get a job as a painting restorer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are household taps/showers able to change (or allow the change) the temperature of the water coming through in mere seconds? | [
"It starts with plain old hot water and mixes in cold... It's not water being warmed to the temperature you want. It's much easier to just add more cold water or slow the cold flow to achieve almost instant temperature change. Sorry this probably makes no sense because I'm really high"
] | [
"There are several different configurations of shower but the main two are as follows. Electric showers: An electric unit on the wall of the shower heats up cold water as it passes into the shower unit. These are usually cheap as all you need is the shower unit on the wall. They are normally often don't give a part... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do banks make money? | [
"Many ways. The traditional method is lending money to people or companies (to buy a house, build a factory, or whatever). And earning money on interests. These days thats only part of their business, as they also trade stocks and other financial products."
] | [
"How much do they cost vs how much will they generate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does going to sleep help a headache/migraine go away when medicine won’t? | [
"This is all IIRC: headaches are inflammations of muscles and veins in the neck and around the skull. Inflammation causes pain by increasing blood flow to a region and creating pressure through 'bloating' it with blood and that pressure pushes into your nociceptors (pain nerves). Think of a water balloon and imagin... | [
"Treating the symptoms. The cold virus may change, but treating a stuffy nose and headaches doesn’t."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Medical:"
} |
why is the N word so commonly heard in music when it’s such an offensive term? | [
"When it is used in music it is almost exclusively done so by black people. In general, the idea is that if you are part of the group that a term refers to, then it is not offensive to use. This whole idea of being able to use the term if you are part of it probably comes from the fact that the whole N word issue c... | [
"Just conditioning, people think they're offensive because they're taught that they're offensive, and so they are. It's a really stupid concept that I think we're slowly getting away from. It's funny how you could say \"poo\" and it's fine, but say \"shit\" and it's suddenly offensive even though it has the exact s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do car dealerships do "cashback" instead of just reducing the price? | [
"Dealerships are all about numbers, they want to be able to report they sold the car for as high a price as possible. Most positions at dealerships are based on commissions, salesman get commission for the car, the detailers get incentives, managers get paid relative to total sales. So basically they just want to s... | [
"Quite often, its not. Many times you can combine a rebate with incentivised financing and end up much cheaper than your bank. For example, my wifes 2012 altima is currently financed at 0.5 percent and we bought it several thousand below invoice due to rebates/dealer incentives. No banks/credit unions were anywhere... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do the last few percentages of our phone battery always seem to last longer? | [
"The phone shuts down many non critical apps, lowers processing speed and screen luminosity and stops sending your dick pics to NSA. It basically goes into battery save mode."
] | [
"Part of it is that it is slightly impractical to build a big enough battery and partly because batteries do not hold a charge forever. They decay over time"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why are clouds flat on the bottom but "curly" on other sides? | [
"They are resting on the thicker atmosphere below them. They get to a point where they are less dense than the atmosphere below them and just hover at that point. They are essentially resting on a table. When they get much more dense than that, it rains."
] | [
"There are times in its orbit that the moon is slightly closer to earth. But what you are describing is an optical illusion. When on the horizon your eyes and brain can reference how its size compares to what it knows is big (a mountain, a certain stretch of the horizon, etc. When up in the sky there is no basis fo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Meteorology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Meteorology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How Was Egypt Part Of the Ottoman Empire But Under British Rule? | [
"It was only Ottoman in name for a century before it became officially a British protectorate, the rulers there were independent and Ottoman empire was too busy falling apart to force them to do anything. They were pretty bad rulers and ran the country into debts with British, who then moved in to collect and took ... | [
"1. The First Salute by Barbara Tuchman 2. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee by Dee Brown 3. The Civil War by Shelby Foote 4. Reconstruction by Eric Foner 5. The Proud Tower by Barbara Tuchman 6. Parting the Waters by Taylor Branch 7. Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War by John Ellis 8. The... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Can dark-skinned people get tanned? if yes,is it very visible? | [
"Simple answer, yes, dark skinned people do get tan. The darker the skin, the less tan a person gets from sun exposure as more UV light is reflected."
] | [
"It depends on the amount of melanin you have in your body. Darker skinned people tend to have more melanin and are therefore more resistant to sunburn. Usually you can determine the amount of melanin you have in your body by you skin, eye and hair colour. For example, a red headed person with blue eyes and freckle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:"
} |
How is it possible to divide by zero in the Reimann's sphere? In other words how come there is no such thing as a negative infinity? | [
"Dividing by zero is not allowed in standard algebra because it leads to undefined answers. 1/0 = 2/0, but under standard algebra that implies that 1 = 2 which breaks the rules of algebra. The Riemann Sphere behaves like typical complex algebra, except with the addition of a *valid answer to 1/0*, namely positive i... | [
"I'm a pi adherent. Tau makes some sense... *in planar geometry.* In other settings, non-even integers of pi can make sense. Personally, I think the way to go is to define pi to be the angular measure of a straight line. It happens to be a very interesting and remarkable feature of the plane that a straight line cu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do magic erasers work? Like the Mr. Clean brand sponges. Other brands make the same thing but they are called something else. | [
"It's melamine. You can search online for melamine and get hundreds of \"erasers\" for a few dollars. It works like a flexible fine sandpaper. It's a mechanical cleaning action."
] | [
"Because it's melamine foam, which is a very very very very fine material, like sandpaper. Basically, the foam scrapes away a very small layer of whatever it is you're cleaning, exposing the \"cleaner\" underside, kind of like peeling skin. That's why you should never use it on painted, vanished, etc. surfaces. Fun... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can I look at something on my WORK computer and then get a related targeted ad on my personal phone? | [
"Have you ever logged in on the same account on any site that can have tracking cookies on both devices? It might be in the past and because of cookies the add server still know that you are the same individual."
] | [
"I don't know why. My computer at work also does. But if you can see the link when you open the imgur link, then copy it and paste it into a new tab. That works on mine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is diversity a strength? | [
"People different from you have had different life experiences, because of that they may look at problems differently and have different solutions. Having lots of different solutions to problems is a good thing."
] | [
"It's not about the method but the motives."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do the Abrahamic religions not get along with one another? I'm not sure what the major differences are between them and why they disagree so much. | [
"In the Bible says that God promised Abraham to make a great nation of him declaring that his own son would be his heir. Abraham was too old and his wife convince him to sleep with her maidservant. God had a plan with Abraham’s wife Sarah, not with her maidservant Hagar but He always fulfills his word. Hagar’s son ... | [
"Hi, I'm from a highly religious Hindu family. I don't have any problems with homosexuality, and neither do any of my family members. Same with Buddhists. They don't care. Neither do Vedics, or Sikhs. What you're probably referring to are Christians, Muslims, Jews, and maybe some other offshoots of the Abrahamic re... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What exactly are electrolytes and what do they do that makes them supposedly healthy for people? | [
"Primarily sodium and potassium. In ionic form, they are responsible for transmitting signals through your nervous system. During exercise, they can be removed fairly quickly from your body through sweating."
] | [
"Gatorade has electrolytes like sodium and carbohydrates in it to replenish electrolytes your body expends while working out. Other than that, it's really just sugar water. It doesn't have any magic properties that will make an athlete perform better. If you're trying to lose weight, you're better off just drinking... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does IV Contrast Fluid cause a warming sensation? | [
"Iodine, which is in IV contrast, makes your blood vessels relax and expand. This relaxation allows your blood vessels to hold a larger volume of blood - think of a pipe expanding. This increase in blood volume increases the total heat available per unit length of the blood vessel and in turn warms the tissue. Peri... | [
"I looked and found this NASA training guide for RF Awareness. Inside it mentions that a sign of over exposure might result in a metallic taste in your mouth. The other symptoms they include are Confusion, Vertigo, Headache, Blurred vision, Overall nauseous feeling, Body heating (Heat Stress), and Shocks and burns.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do we send signals in space if there is no air to send waves? | [
"Radio waves aren’t sound waves they don’t need a medium to travel through. It might help if you think of sending signals like flashing a light at someone rather than yelling."
] | [
"Like you're five? Sound is the movement of particles. On earth, it's generally the movement of the air around you. So if there aren't particles to move, like in a vacuum, there's no sound. Light is itself a particle. Therefore, it has no problem moving through a vacuum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Physics:"
} |
When my heart is pounding because of anxiety is that a good cardio workout like exercise or bad like cocaine? | [
"The principle of a good cardio workout isn't specifically about how hard your heart is beating, but how your muscles are working *as well as* your heart rate. If your heart is beating fast without your muscles being engaged, then it's not good in general."
] | [
"Because stimulatants can cause prolonged and intense strain on your heart. Imagine your heart beating as fast as when you are running but for 24hrs straight on meth. That much strain isn't good for your heart."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do we know all the layers of the Earth and how deep each layer when we haven’t even dug to the end of Earth’s crust? | [
"To expand on the other answer and make it a bit more ELI5 - S and P waves are seismic waves. We can determine a lot about the earth's internal composition based on studying seismic waves created by earthquakes, and how they \"bounce\" or \"bend\" within the earth. Studies have been carried out over many decades, a... | [
"We don't know of materials that are even close to strong enough. Already we find it difficult to build submarines that can reach the bottom of the ocean which is 11kms under water. The centre of the earth is over 6000kms under rock. It's not even close to possible with foreseeable technology."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do we know the verbal pronunciations of words and phrases from dead languages? | [
"Basically it just involves a ton of extrapolation through related languages that still exist, or through the modern descendants of those languages. For instance, we know how ancient Egyptian sounded because of modern Coptic, which is the religious/ceremonial language for Christians in Egypt, and the only living de... | [
"There is no international authority on how words are said or spelled. Dictionary spellings and definitions are merely accepted conventions that evolved organically over time and often there is no hard and fast answer for why a word is spelled or pronounced the way it is. People just did it that way. As for why it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does crust form around our eyes when we sleep? | [
"Its the secretions aka tears that lubricate our eyes, it evaporates and leaves behind a residue, sleep in your eyes or as my ex girlfriend called them, eye bogeys."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What does a Chi squared test do? | [
"It's a test to see if qualitative differences in experimental units may explain different outcomes. It's used to assess whether variables affect other variables in an experiment _URL_0_"
] | [
"T-test and chi-squared test are similar but use a different distribution of probability (hence the names). Anova (analysis of variance) is an extension of the T test to more than 2 heaps of data and some other extensions. Wikipedia articles are easy to read if you heard about statistics before."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do some magnets have the ability to turn on and off? | [
"Electromagnets can be turned on and off by adding current/electricity. Natural magnets cannot be turned on and off. [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Can you see the small glowing red bars? They have electricity flowing through them, that is how toasters produce heat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why haven’t wages kept up with inflation? | [
"The federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour has not changed since 2009. With many people earning or have their wages tied to the minimum wage, no increases means their wages won't scale with inflation. Unions have been collectively demonized and broken up in the past few decades. Unions allow workers to band togeth... | [
"Lower interest rates make it cheaper to borrow money. That affects everything from home and car loans to the way businesses borrow to finance exapansions. If economic activity increases too much, that can contribute to inflation. So raising interest rates helps slow things down and keep inflation from getting out... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If nickel is one of the primary magnetic metals, and 300 (18-8) series stainless steel contains 8% nickel, then why isn't it magnetic? Also, on the flip side, why is 400 series magnetic, but contains no nickel? Does the iron content contribute to the magnetism? | [
"Just FYI: when you say \"nickel is one of the primary magnetic metals\", one of the other ones is iron. The question of why some iron-nickel alloys are ferromagnetic and others aren't, however, is an interesting one that unfortunately I can't answer."
] | [
"Brass is much less suceptible to the kinds of corrosion caused by salt water. Over time, stainless hardware would become pitted and the seal would be compromised. Brass will simply patina on the surface and then stop corroding as quickly. Brass is also much more cost effective to mold/machine than steel for this p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why can people bench press more with a barbell than with dumbbells? | [
"Not a weightlifter, but an engineer, here's how I understand it: When you hold your arms up straight, they are essentially acting as big levers with weights at the end. If you are holding dumbbells, the slightest tilt in your arms will cause the dumbbells to start pulling down, creating a turning force (aka. a mom... | [
"* They're safer, in that they reduce the chance of either dropping weights on yourself or someone else or injuring yourself with poor form. * For casual lifters, they're often \"good enough.\" They still allow you to get bigger and stronger, arguably to the full extent that many people want to. * They're unintimid... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does a law/similiar ruling basically not exist unless the lawyer brings it up? | [
"1. What you're describing typically doesn't happen in real life but happens a lot in fictional media. Additionally, in a jury trial a judge wouldn't be the one \"letting them off the hook\" - the jury is. 2. The job of a judge isn't to make arguments for or against the defendant. This would be bad, and systems of ... | [
"Because it isn't *illegal*. No law says it cannot be done, unless a law specifically has a minimum allowable sentence... and even then the justice system has ways to work around that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If Satan is punishing the bad guys, doesn't that make him a good guy? | [
"He isn't. In the Bible, Satan gets punished during end times and is in no way in charge of Hell"
] | [
"Why do we make religious people believe in God???? It's a way of influencing behaviour. Santa: If you are naughty, Santa won't bring presents. Religion: if you are bad, you won't get into heaven."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Republican Party in Civil War was Northern States, why is so much of their support base now in Southern States | [
"The change started in the late 1940s when Truman (a Democrat) desegregated the military. Then they became the party leading the Civil Rights movement under Johnson (also a Democrat) in the 1960s. Nixon and the Republicans decided to appeal to the southern conservatives who still opposed integration and equal right... | [
"They tend to support freedom of religion. They tend to support civil rights for minorities. Seems strange to think of them as a minority but in the US and Western countries they are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If the sun would suddenly disappear, how can we still orbit around it for 8 minutes or longer? | [
"We call the finite speed limit in our universe the “speed of light”, but in reality it’s the “maximum speed of information”. No information (light rays, gravity waves, blocks of matter, etc) can move faster than this limit or causality would cease to exist. Imagine the sun is constantly beaming out “gravity inform... | [
"Yes. On the international space station, there is a sunset and a sunrise every 90 minutes. Now, the ISS is in orbit, but that doesn't change the fact that it orbits the earth once every 90 minutes. If you were able to drive a car that fast, you too would see a sunset and a sunrise every 90 minutes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does blue light glasses stop people from getting migraines from screens? | [
"eye doc here. to my knowledge, they do not. Blue light has been proven to be bad for your eyes in high concentration (can contribute to macular degeneration). It also messes with your sleep cycle. This is probably just false advertising. By the way, turning down the amount of blue from your screens does the same t... | [
"Melatonin you brain produces alot of melatonin at night which is the sleep hormone but during the day the sunlight signals your brain to stop producing it because u need to get things done. That's why alot of waking up without coffee hacks say to go outside In the morning or open up the blinds"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
why do songs get stuck in our head and play on loop mode? | [
"Its called an Earworm. Seeing a word or image that reminds you of a song can get an earworm (10-30 seconds of a song loopong) in your head. Its because songs are like patterns and your brain kind of runs it on a loop until you distract it with something else. Its pattern repetition that your brain is doing when it... | [
"It usually seems to choose my least favourite songs and repeat them over and over. There's some serious science in there, I'm sure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
where do ants go when it snows? | [
"They eat a lot before winter to put on fat and they hibernate either in the soil or the bark of trees. When warmer temperatures come with spring and summer they become active again. Usually they also close the entrance of nests to preserve heat."
] | [
"do they squirm when you squeeze them? if so yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why can some animals cross breed between them, while others cannot. For example, donkeys and horses can breed to give a mule, but nothing comes out if your breed humans and chimpanzees. | [
"There may be different reasons. For humans and chimpanzees we have differences in the chromosomes that don't allow us to breed. it's like trying to plug a USB cable into a micro USB port, they're similar, but the differences don't allow for the mix. Now, with donkeys and horses they can have a mule, but consider t... | [
"The main method is they wait until someone finds a sterile plant that just happens to be seedless, and then they just propagate them by cutting bits off the plant and growing it to clone it. This is how seedless oranges and seedless grapes are grown. Seedless watermelons are grown by crossing two fertile plants in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does the USA have so many nuclear power plants, despite only producing 9.6% of its electricity from nuclear? | [
"Your numbers are off. Us has 98 REACTORS, but only 60 PLANTS. France has 58 REACTORS in 18 PLANTS. By compairing the number of reactors in the us to the number of plants in France, you are greatly skewing the data. Let's compare apples to apples here, shall we? The US has 98 reactors for 327 million people, which ... | [
"They are not 100% renewable, not even close. Most energy is used for transportation, which still uses fossil fuels. Much of the rest is farm machinery, also powered by fossil fuels. 100% of their electrical generation comes from renewables. They don't have a very high demand. They have a mild climate and no heav... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What happens to money hidden in offshore accounts when the account holder dies? | [
"They have lawyers on top of lawyers that take care of the estate planning. More likely than not, the account is in a corporation's name, not a person's name. Corporate entities live on despite founders or majority shareholders dying."
] | [
"Laws in Switzerland mean banks do not have to give personal information to police or government upon request. So a lot of criminals put their illegally made money into a Swiss bank account knowing the Police will never be able to find out who owns the account or how much money is in it or where the money came from... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do some blood tests need to be done from a specific arm, when blood in the body circulates so quickly? | [
"Blood tests don't need to come from a specific arm. If you're having multiple draws performed, they may switch arms between the draws to reduce the amount of punctures in a single arm (though it's preferable to get all the necessary blood from a single draw). And if they're testing for an infection that could invo... | [
"Because venous blood and arterial blood differ only in the amount of oxygen that's dissolved in it. Taking blood from an artery is very difficult and painful for the patient, so there's no reason not to just take it from a superficial vein instead."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Medical:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Medical:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Healthcare:"
} |
Why do celebrities change their names, at what point do they decide to change it, why do some choose not to? | [
"Sometimes there's someone who's name is the same as yours and you change it to avoid confusion. Example, Katy Perry's real name is Kate Hudson, just like the actor. Maybe for legal contracts or so people don't think the singer is also acting, they take on a unique name. Other times, somebody thinks they would hav... | [
"Do you mean start a new life, away from the people they used to know, or are you talking about actually changing your identity so even the government can't find you?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do anticonvulsants like lamotrigine help people with bipolar disorder? | [
"As with everything psychiatry, and especially with bipolar disorder, we don't *really know* why anything helps. Lithium is the primary treatment and nobody has literally any idea what lithium even does to your brain. In kind of *general*, the theory is that anticonvulsants basically slow the brain down. They put ... | [
"SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) target low levels of serotonin in the brain, which scientists believe to be the chemical/hormone we make that relates to mood. Lower serotonin, depression. The SSRIs try to level that out. There are many other types of antidepressants, but SSRIs are the most common. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it "bedroom" and "bathroom" but not "livingroom" and "diningroom"? | [
"Where are you from that it isn't livingroom and diningroom? EDIT: my dumbass didn't realise it was about the space between the words or not, and thougut that it was a different word entirely somewhere else."
] | [
"Are you talking about derivative nouns like \"height(h)\" for \"high,\" \"warmth\" for \"warm,\" \"mirth\" for \"merry,\" \"width\" for \"wide,\" etc.?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How can certain animals breed with others like donkey with a horse to make a mule, or zebra with a horse to make a Zorse, but other animals cannot? | [
"Horses and donkeys/zebras are close enough genetically for their offspring to be viable. The same is true with dogs and wolves, or lions and tigers... but not with dogs and foxes, or cats and badgers."
] | [
"The main method is they wait until someone finds a sterile plant that just happens to be seedless, and then they just propagate them by cutting bits off the plant and growing it to clone it. This is how seedless oranges and seedless grapes are grown. Seedless watermelons are grown by crossing two fertile plants in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How bad were British Workhouses? | [
"Before the welfare state this was how poor people survived when they had no assets and were out of work. The food was pretty poor and families were split up, however it was better than being out on the streets."
] | [
"What drugs were popular in 19th century Britain?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why can’t saltwater aquatic life live in freshwater and vice versa? | [
"Because the liquid within the cells need to be the same as the salt content of the water. This is because the salt level or lack of salt in the water causes their cells to either shrivel up (called hypertonic cells) or enlarge (called hypotonic cells), which leads to their death because they cannot function as nee... | [
"Fish osmoregulate. Which means they can control how much salt is in their blood. Saltwater fish have special kidneys that let them release excess salt from their bodies since the amount of salt in the water is more than what is good for them so they release the excess salt back into the ocean. Freshwater fish do t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about biology:"
} |
After the successful cloning of Dolly the sheep over 2 decades ago, why are there still difficulties in cloning humans? | [
"It's not that they can't clone humans, it's that they don't. Nobody is trying. Human cloning is broadly illegal, and still unethical upon in places where it might be done. Even China recently shut down human gene editing project. Cloning is a very big step beyond that."
] | [
"Stem cells are like blank discs. They haven't differentiated yet into brain cells or muscle cells or liver cells, so they are much more useful to research since scientists can theoretically teach them to grow into something in particular, such as growing a liver or growing nerve endings. People are largely against... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I don't know if this is allowed here but can someone explain how "Post Nut Clarity" works? (I am a 19 male so I just mean chemically) | [
"We're biologically programed to procreate, so if they possibility is close at hand, our basic instincts might cloud our judgement. So afterwards, the need to procreate diminishes, and your thoughts clear."
] | [
"As a follow-up question, ELI5 why I get so angry when I see every first letter capitalized in a sentence? (I'm just kidding, but still.)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are human babies born so helpless? Is there a benefit to this? | [
"Big brain = big head Upright walking gait = narrow pelvis The baby's head needs to fit through the mother's pelvis to be born. So human babies are born comparatively premature."
] | [
"Resources. It takes a lot to make a human baby. Food, energy, time. Our babies are large for our size. And it becomes incredibly dangerous without modern medicine to give birth to more than one. That and human babies are helpless for a lot longer than other species. If you look at our development as a species, it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why don’t birth marks and freckles go away if your skin cells are always being replaced? | [
"So birthmarks and freckles are really just areas of the skin with more coloration. There’s a special type of cell called a “melanocyte” that produces the stuff that makes skin dark. These special cells rest on the bottom layer of the skin, the layer that sheds less often. When we lose dead skin cells they’re usual... | [
"Short answer: The same way bad haircuts do. Longer answer: The human body is an amazing bit of engineering. It's constantly repairing itself, protecting the more vital organs from harm, and adapting to the environment as best it can in a way that human beings haven't even come close to replicating with technology.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
i read that after death the body stays stiff for 1-3 days so does that mean my facial expressions will remain the same after i die? | [
"Here is the reply of one who KNOWS-- you facial expression will change. Source; my wife died at home with me in attendance- thus I know where of I write"
] | [
"movies are movies. you do not die instantly, however, the hart and breathing stop, your blood stops flowing, in a matter of seconds you black out, in 5 minutes your dead. by breaking the neck, you break the nerves to the body, making it limp, it appears dead. however, it is not instant. even decapitated heads blin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
where does cigarette ash go? | [
"The ash itself is just burnt carbon matter. Like the ash you have from anything - a burned log, for instance. It is very light, and it gets torn apart easily by wind and water into tiny particles to get absorbed by other things. Cigarette butts, on the other hand, are not biodegradable and can have a negative impa... | [
"It packs the tobacco. If you don't do it, sometimes the burning ember will fall off the cigarette and into your lap."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does it hurt when water goes up your nose? | [
"This one’s been answered before, check out: _URL_0_"
] | [
"Because the same air is coming out of your lungs and back out of your nose. Like asking why you taste food when throwing up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
How does Pi-hole work? | [
"Pi-Hole is a dns sinkhole that is commonly used to block ad and tracker domains. DNS (Domain Name System) is the system that translates a url (www._URL_0_) into an IP address (150.140.208.53), since computers can only establish a connection to an IP address, not an URL. Pi-Hole works by acting like a DNS server. W... | [
"The Tor Project is Awesome. If you can afford a VPN-That's better!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do the British pronounce lieutenant as "lef-tenant" instead of "loo-tenant"? | [
"The British and French have a very...complicated history. & #x200B; Lieu is an evolution of the latin \"locum\", both of which mean \"in place of\". Thus, the French had the term lieutenant. The brits, after finding out they may not like the French all that much, replaced the loanword with another spelling of \"l... | [
"It's not technically pronounced \"winds-day,\" it's pronounced \"wends-day\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do camera lenses have so many elements? | [
"The have all of those lenses and wheel and what not so you can have different useful functions in your camera. Zoom for example is achieved by changing the distance between certain lenses. To make your camera focus on this zoom level, you need extra lenses that move freely or are mechanically connected to another ... | [
"A camera has two main parts: - A circular glass called a lens, which focuses light. - A rectangular light catcher, called a sensor. The first is a circle and so the angle does not change. The second is a rectangle. When you flip your phone sideways, you flip the rectangle sideways, too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do CDs store data | [
"Easy. A CD is etched with millions of indentations. A laser reads this, and interprets the indent as a 1 or 0 depending on refractivity."
] | [
"The reader hits it with a pulse which gives it enough energy to send a response with, this makes the bases big and lets the tags be tiny. Its a combination of wireless communication and wireless charging"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Technology:"
} |
What determines the center of the world map? | [
"World map drawing started in Europe. So Europe was the center. Asia is in the east, the Americas are in the west, so I guess you get the picture. There are other layouts - Japan and China for example have themselves in the center, making Europe the west and America the east. Usually the one who draws the map wants... | [
"Not necessarily. But most of the larger ones do. Because that's just where all the mass goes. The same reason the sun is in the middle of the solar system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Drinking laws and ages | [
"I think only Northern Europe countries make distinction between beer and hard alcohol in regards to age, Italy is 18 for everything. Also drinking itself isn't illegal usually, it's selling/serving alcohol to minors, if parents buy for them nobody will care."
] | [
"Child labor laws - time restrictions on working hours for child actors. 2 kids in one part gets around this"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do ski jumpers not sustain injury when landing? Vertically it appears to be at least a 100 foot drop. | [
"The direction they fall after their jump is similar to the direction of the slope they hit. So they just keep on going, and it doesn't jar their legs too much."
] | [
"You can do some quick math on this to determine you're definitely getting hurt. Let's say you're an absolute monster and can jump 2 meters in the air, that has you leaving the ground at 6.2 m/s If your elevator is falling from the 10th floor it'll be covering ~30 meters in about 2.5 seconds with a maximum speed of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
The difference between Existentialism and Optimistic Nihilism. | [
"This one is a bit difficult to say, because they both promote the same idea. Let me break down the terms first. This is a quote from Quora. Nihilist: “*nothing has purpose.*” Existentialist: “*purpose is something we define.”* & #x200B; In terms of optimistic Nihilism, it serves as a similar idea to Existentiali... | [
"A lot of people are believing that Agnostic is a separate state like Atheist or Theist, but it's not. Agnostic is an adjective. Here is a simple table. Gnostic Theist - There IS a god Agnostic Theist - There probably is a god Agnostic Atheist - There probably isn't a god (AKA most atheists, including me) Gnostic A... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do chocolate chips somewhat hold their shape and not completely melt while being baked in chocolate chip cookies? | [
"They do usually melt completely. You can see that pretty easily if you break open a cookie right out of the oven, the chocolate will spill out (though not super quickly, since melted chocolate is still pretty viscous). They still keep their shape in the cookie because when they melt, they’re still surrounded by co... | [
"chocolate obviously sets hard, unless you add something to it to keep it from doing so. Typically this is done by making a ganache. You can make a simple one by melting chocolate and adding enough cream to stop it from setting hard. It's super easy to do at home on your stove and it makes a great chocolate fondue ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is insider trading not realistically going on all the time? | [
"I work at a publicly traded company. We do get stock as part of our compensation. We are required to keep all our company stock in a specific account so that our activity can be easily monitored. Most of the year, we're not allowed to buy or sell our company stock. One of the requirements of being publicly traded ... | [
"It's a form of securities fraud. Stock exchanges rely on the notion that everyone has the same information to consult when making decisions. If you have access to information that others do not, you can use that information to manipulate prices. Because so much wealth is tied up in the stock market, securities re... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do Photoshop detectors work? | [
"They're looking for 1) detail distortions. A genuine photo will have a quite smooth amount of detail, although it will vary with the lens - sharp where it's focused, gradually blurrier away from focus. If the image has been modified then the amount of detail doesn't change smoothly as you look across it. 2) spatia... | [
"There are 2 ways to do this: Use the clone tool in Photoshop to select the area right next to the person and replace them with that part of the background. Take a picture, wait for the person to move, then take another picture. Layer the pictures in Photoshop, then use a mask to hide the person in one image and le... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about technology:"
} |
What does the game The Beginner’s Guide by Davey Wreden mean? | [
"It begins as an exploration of fandom. Of finding a niche that you can enjoy and even that you think is underappreciated. It extols the positive virtue of supporting and endorsing creative minds. At the end > !It demonstrates the worrying zeal with which some fandoms exist. Where it creates a feeling of responsibi... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How is CGI added to footage that is shot and projected on film? | [
"The film is scanned into high resolution digital files. The CGI is then applies to the digitized files. Then the file is printed back to film."
] | [
"My guess would be that they use a green stick to elevate the object and edit it out later. It's also possible that all the character movements are captured on a green 'carpet' (i.e. there is no vertical movement) and the background is added afterwards. Lots of ways to do it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Generally, how do car accidents kill people? | [
"Depending on where the victim is... A pedestrian struck by a car is either killed through internal bleeding or head trauma generally. A driver or passenger usually either does from head trauma, internal bleeding, the severing of the spinal column resulting in brain suffocation, or if metal or glass is involved ext... | [
"That's exactly how car insurance works. Can you clarify your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are there so many Democrats running for the party nomination? | [
"Before someone comes in with a much better, more detailed comment, I just want to point out that not everyone running is doing so with the belief that they’ll actually become president. For a lot of candidates, it’s essentially a PR tour to get their name out there in case they run for another office in the future... | [
"In many areas you need to be registered with a party to vote in their primary. So unless you're a registered democrat or republican you won't have a say in who your candidate is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the Einstein Cross looks like a cross? Shouldn't the gravitation of the galaxy project a circle of the quasar instead of a cross? | [
"Basically, it's because the [lensing galaxy](_URL_0_) is elliptical. Light from the source needs to pass through a region with the right amount of gravity pulling in the right direction to hit Earth. This basically means that it needs to pass through the galaxy at where the gravitational pull is at at the exact ri... | [
"> was wondering why all of the brighter stars are projecting the same 'x' of light at almost the exact same angle They are artifacts from the telescope which is used to view the stars. They are reflecting telescopes where a mirror is supported in the center by four struts that create the characteristic spikes you ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why mental health problems are usually ignored by the state, institutions and people | [
"Ultimately it is because people (without mental illnesses) can't really fathom what it would be like to have a mental illness, while they can grasp the concept of not being able to walk or hear or see (as examples) when it comes to disabilities. By it's very nature, it is incredibly hard to understand mental illn... | [
"Living longer, more inactivity and obesity, more access to care rather than ignoring issues, more willingness to speak about health generally."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are there so many rebel groups and wars throughout Africa? | [
"Tribal wars, corruption, hatred/racism (nothing to do with skin colour) against members of other ethnicities/religion, colonialism has also a small part but it's very much linked to corruption (see the Belgian Congo)"
] | [
"What do you want to hear more about? The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? The Israel vs. Palestine situation? The Arab Spring? The recent attacks on US embassies?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What creates the 'swoosh' sound of cars passing by? | [
"You're half right: also add the car \"cutting\" through air and Doppler effect (decreasing pitch of an object passing by)"
] | [
"The sound waves are literally echoing off the rotating fan blades and reflecting back to you causing the distortion."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are triangles the most stable shape in construction/engineering? | [
"Already some great explanations for the triangle, so I'll just add that triangles are not always the most stable shape. It is mainly the most stable polygon. Another very stable shape is a sphere. This can be used to distribute a given load quite efficiently. This is the idea behind building a dome, such as The Pa... | [
"Only 3 regular polygons can be used to tile a surface... Squares, triangles and hexagons. Hexagons probably are just the easiest to manage in terms an manufacturing and fragility."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is traffic congestion created on an interstate when all of the vehicles are going in one direction? | [
"Essentially, small mistakes and delays are magnified down the stream of traffic. A minor slowdown when a car merges, or when a person changes lanes but are travelling just a little too slow. Here's a nifty animation: How traffic jams are created _URL_0_"
] | [
"The idea is that traffic should always be as right as possible. This has the function of separating lanes based on their speed, with the right-most lane being the slowest and the left-most lane being the fastest. This means that when you merge right to pass, you're very likely to get stuck behind someone going eve... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Traffic and driving:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Traffic and driving:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do goldfish manage to remain small when forced into a small container? | [
"This is a myth. Given adequate nutrition, at least, fish will grow to their full adult size. It's really unfortunate to see, because if they survive, fish usually end up with skeletal deformities, having been forced to fit in an environment too small."
] | [
"Sharks aren't the most robust fish species, and size, diet and activity effect the health of all fish species. Sand tiger sharks and species of cat shark are often kept in aquariums because of their size. Another contributing factor is the build up of waste and size stunting in a tank rather than an entire ocean."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
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