query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do you have to refrigerate eggs from the grocery store but you don't have to if you get them fresh from a farm? | [
"There is a membrane that comes out of the chickens that cover the egg. In the US, its standard to have the manufacture plant wash and sanitize them, but in places like the UK, they don’t so they can leave their eggs on the counter or shelf for a while."
] | [
"Both eggs and butter can be safely left at room temperature for quite a long time. Butter can go weeks, maybe months. With eggs, how long depends on whether they've been previously refrigerated or not. If they've been refrigerated, they should probably not be left out for more than an hour or two. But if they have... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Food Science:"
} |
How do birds know how to build a nest? Do their parents teach them or do they just watch fellow birds and copy them? | [
"Instincts, it’s beaded into their genetic code that they have to have a shelter and they build one out of whatever is available, some are different based on species like how some birds find hollows and others make nests."
] | [
"It depends on the species of bird. The main reason they don't come back is: the nest just isn't useful anymore, they out grow it fast. Some birds like pigeons will fly around following their parents who they still depend on for food, other, smaller birds may make flocks of young birds that sick together for protec... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does water get 'stale' after leaving it out for a while? | [
"Water has a lot of other molecules inside it besides H20. Water is also a good solvent for gases like carbon dioxide which is absorbed thru the air. When the cardon dioxide mixes with the H20 it forms something called carbonic acid. Which will lower the pH level of the water giving a slightly musty taste. Temperat... | [
"Hot water heaters hold water for long periods of time, and as such they often have buildup of various sediments and other contaminants that you really don't want to be ingesting on a regular basis. Also, it fouls the flavor of the water. Especially if you have scale issues. Take two cups. Fill one with hot water, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does 75 degree water feel a lot colder than 75 degree air. | [
"The temperature we “feel” has to do with how quickly the heat is conducted away from the surface of our skin. We normally have an envelope of warm air around our body, so that protects us from temperature variations in the air. When we step into the water, we instantly lose that protective layer of air, so we feel... | [
"I don't think they are colder than the room, it just feels that way. Unless you keep the room at 96.5degrees F, most room temperatures are much colder than normal body temps"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do growth spurts actually work, and why does such a drastic jump in height/size not happen at any other point during human development? | [
"The surge in hormones during adolescence affects the brain as well as the body. In adolescence, growth spurts prepare people for reproduction, like by making female bodies better able to support a baby, etc. And male bodies stronger probably for evolutionary hunter purposes. Babies develop even faster for their f... | [
"Various cells in your body are constantly dying from the day you're born, during your developmental years your cells are multiplying faster than they are dying. At some point, your cells begin to multiply at a steady rate to cell death, and then cell death begins to occur more frequently than cell multiplication. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do some credit card machines require you to remove your card quickly then decline your card if you’re not quick enough? | [
"Because it is the act of moving the magnetic stripe past the reader that allows it to be read. The mag stripe is made of magnetized particles, with the orientations in different directions. The act of moving the \"tiny magnets\" past the read head induces a current in the head which allows it to be detected. The f... | [
"Where do you live? I've had two chip credit cards for probably three years now. They work the same way as a debit card does. Rarely if the teller machine is old they might require a signature."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Credit/debit card readers:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Credit/debit card readers:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can you heat an object until it turns blue? | [
"The color of a flame is not always indicative of its temperature. The color is indicative of the chemical composition as well as the temperature. If you heat a piece of metal with a blue flame, it won't glow blue. That's because its glow is due to what's called black body radiation. A black body is an ideal opaque... | [
"Aside from conducting the energy fast, it is very light. A kg of tin can hold more energy than half a kg, that's obvious, right? Now, how much energy do you think 0.01 gram of tin hold? Not a lot. It is hot when it comes out of the oven, just not for long after touching it. See it as the opposite of throwing a sma... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
What determines the (often very high) cost of medical procedures and technology, and how do countries that cover that cost afford it? | [
"Countries that cover it don’t hike up the prices many many times over the actual cost. They most likely pay fair market value for supplies, and pay the people involved their direct salary In the US, hospitals can charge nearly anything they want to, and insurance companies often do not pay full value either. Medic... | [
"The \"single payer\" emphasizes that the entire health care system is financed through the government only, as opposed to many different insurance companies or directly through patients. It is a bit misleading because the government obviously levies taxes to pay for health care, and there are many tax payers, not ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do medications for mood/depression (Zoloft, Celexa, etc) take weeks to "kick in"? | [
"We don't actually know for sure why that happens. Its kinda annoying. But for SSRIs like the ones you mentoned, the most recent research suggests that the chemicals don't bind directly to the serotonin transporter. Instead it binds to DNA, slowing the creation of new serotonin transporters. You already have a whol... | [
"Basically, pretty much every thought and emotion that you feel is the result of chemicals (neurotransmitters) in your brain. Depression is usually associated with lower amounts of serotonin and/or norepinephrine. You release these chemicals when you feel a particular emotion or mood, and then it is reabsorbed (reu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The Thammasat University Massacre | [
"Like you’re actually 5? From what I remember learning; All the kids decided they didn’t like the principal so they got together and showed how unhappy they were. Supposedly some of the kids put on a play about the principal being killed. Principal got very mad and used his forces to kill like 60 people and wound o... | [
"The Art of War in the Western World - Archer Jones"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Education:"
} |
Why is the current weather in Europe much more dangerous (at least as reported in the news) compared to other locations at similar latitudes? | [
"Because air conditioning is not common in many parts of Europe, and people are not used to the hot weather. It is especially stressful for people who are old or sick."
] | [
"It all has to do with ocean. Being close to large bodies of water has a moderating effect on temperatures. Examples of his include Toronto, Canada and Buffalo, USA. Toronto is shielded from most winter storms that hit Buffalo, by Lake Ontario. Also the UK is a very moderate compared to other places that are as fa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
why would the death penalty cost more per year than a system of life (in prison) without possibility of parole? | [
"When someone's life is on the line it usually leads to longer trials and more appeals meaning more lawyers and more experts on both sides."
] | [
"If they are guilty of multiple homicides and one is overturned, the remaining sentences still stand. In some places, a life sentence can still mean parole after 25 years. It doesn't strictly mean \"you will remain in jail until you are no longer living.\" Someone who commits a double homicide who is then given bac... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Law and Justice:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Law and Justice:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Law and Justice:"
} |
How do drinks stay carbonated? Why doesn’t carbonation just bubble to the surface and leave water the way air does? | [
"Carbonating drinks is actually adding carbonic acid to water. This substance is unstable in normal conditions and tend to split into water and CO2, the latter is chemically inert and safe for us. But being under pressure and dissolved in water carbonic acid stays well acid. So we have a closed bottle of carbonated... | [
"Dissolved oxygen. If you cool off the water and shake it a bit, it should taste better. As a glass of tap water warms up to room temperature, it loses some of the dissolved oxygen because cold water can hold more oxygen than warm water. Ever notice those little bubbles on the side of a glass of you leave it out? T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does water expand when frozen? | [
"Below 4°C, the hydrogen bonds between each water molecule become stronger and cause the matter to expand. As a liquid, water molecules are constantly moving (forming and breaking hydrogen bonds) resulting in less expansion and the molecules being jumbled up on top of each other. When frozen, water molecules take a... | [
"All drinks will explode in the freezer if there isn't enough room for the water in them to expand when it turns to ice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does constantly craving/eating ice generally mean that you’re iron deficient? | [
"Researchers are still investigating it and aren't sure. But a preliminary study suggests that eating ice increases blood flow to the brain, which feels good if you are anemic (as your brain craves extra oxygen)."
] | [
"It can be a sign of diabetes but it can also be a sign of dehydration. Drink more water for a few days and see if it goes away. Or it could just mean you've eaten too much sugar, even if you're not diabetic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that when you get light-headed, your vision gets fuzzy/staticky? | [
"Most often? your brain isn't getting any blood. When your brain doesn't get what it needs it does the bare minimum to keep you alive and that doesn't include processing images."
] | [
"The rattle from the sneeze disorientates your eyes for a second. That rattles the optical nerves in your eyes, and they get jumbled up, leaving a few empty spots in your eye sight until they re-orienate themselves. This means you get a few spots in your eyes where you can't process light until it fixes itself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do our bare feet grip onto slippery surfaces? What causes this traction? | [
"The rough pattern of hand/foot skin — the same thing that gives you fingerprints — makes them more grippy."
] | [
"I read recently (I apologize for no citations, I forget where) that it is an evolutionary design to help grip in wet conditions. It's similar to treads on a tire that help keep traction on the road when it rains. The pruney fingers create ridges and paths for the water to leave the surface as your fingers grab ont... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does a salmonella outbreak differ from getting salmonella from uncooked meat? | [
"Scope The outbreaks usually occur because of liquefied manure spread on fields as a fertilizer. Early enough before harvest and this isn't a problem. Now when this happens to produce that people tend to not cook thoroughly enough to kill the bacteria, and said produce gets sent all over the country, it can cause w... | [
"It is not that big of a threat. In fact, it’s pretty rare. You have to have an outbreak of salmonella infect chickens at the egg production facility and then eat those eggs in order to get the illness. It’s sort of like E. Coli - when there is an outbreak, everybody knows about it and is told to avoid certain prod... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does black light work? | [
"It isn't the \"black light\" that is special, it is the compound itself. Black light is simply a frequency of light not in the visible spectrum (the UV) for humans. Certain chemical compounds can absorb UV light (the energy in that light) and in the process re-emit light energy but this time in the visible spectr... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How is it possible for an air source heat pump to gain heat from outside air when it's colder than inside? | [
"You compress the gas to make it hot. That goes inside the house. Expand the gas. It gets real cold. Colder than outside. Let it warm up to the outside \"cold\" temp. Bring it inside and compress it. It gets hot. Repeat."
] | [
"An insulating material slows down heat transfer. For example, a house should be at room temperature. When it's hot outside, the insulation prevents the heat from leaking in, keeping the house cold. When it's cold outside, the insulation prevents the heat inside the house from leaking out, keeping the house warm."
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Textile technology:"
} |
What happens when you feel liquid in your stomach? | [
"It happens because there’s liquid in there. It’s moving around. It doesn’t mean anything special."
] | [
"It means whatever your body is fighting isn't in your stomach, it's in your intestines."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How are there mountains, where there aren't any plate Boundaries? | [
"Well, I'm not too certain of the geological side, but here in Norway the mountains were carved and split and pushed up and rounded off by the ice during the ice age"
] | [
"Antarctica doesn't, since it's literally at the south The rest is because of the tectonic plates. If you google Earth's tectonic plates movement and look in the images, you will see that the fault lines pushes along the Earth's latitude. Also, when continents split from Pangaea, some rotated as they drifted away."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does water conservation matter in areas with plentiful rainfall? | [
"Same reason you save money even though you have a good monthly salary I guess, there is no guarantee that the rain will fall for ever"
] | [
"Desalinization - taking the salt and other stuff out - is incredibly expensive. There aren't that many desal plants in the state either."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do websites which ask for the X, Y and Zth letter of my password avoid storing it in plain text? | [
"There’s no guarantee that they aren’t. They very well might be. It only takes one lazy programmer or someone on an “off” day to set to store in plain text."
] | [
"To ELI5 /u/FrancescoRizzi's explanation. The website generates a unique token, which is generally stored in a cookie on your computer. Each time you access the site it sends the cookie which identifies your connection as you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is a hot shower at night relaxing and calming, but in the morning it’s invigorating and helps wake you up? | [
"Id say it's mostly your attitude. When you wake up, you know you have to wake up and want to, so the ritual of showering and cleansing is getting you ready for the day. Likewise in the evening, you're winding down after your day, so you go to this cozy warm place you like, and you shower and cleanse yourself, read... | [
"Your body produces melatonin while you sleep. Melatonin makes you feel euphoric and sleepy. It helps you sleep and stay asleep. Unfortunately, it doesn't help you get up in the morning. If you wake up before you're fully rested and at normal daytime melatonin levels (e.g. when your alarm goes off), then you just w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
How do 'Electronic Water Conditioners' change your water when they never touch and don't chemically change the water? | [
"the magnets around the water pipe don't really do anything. they also get sold to increase fuel milage / cooking gas economy etc. its a scam and they do fuck all."
] | [
"\"Hard\" water is water that has a lot of non-sodium salts dissolved in it - calcium salts, potassium salts, etc. Those are the cause of build up on taps and in water heaters. Water softeners remove those salts through a process called \"ion exchange\" where the calcium and potassium ions are pulled from the water... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why did christianity become so popular in so many countries? | [
"Those religions that command their adherents to proselytize and convert others to their faith, whether by persuasion or coercion (e.g. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, etcetera) — generically referred to as \"Missionary Religions\" — are better at spreading across vast regions of the globe than religions that DO NOT... | [
"do you have to cover all of history? i would honestly focus on the variability of early christian doctrine and non european christianities in places like india, nubia, and armenia. expand how they think of christianity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Are those "adopt a kid in Africa" charities a scam? How can you tell a scam from the real thing? | [
"If it says Africa in the charity...it is a scam. Charity in Africa has become counterproductive, as corrupt African governments have come to rely on donations to feather their own beds. The amount of aid that actually goes to those that need it, is minimal at best. & #x200B; In terms that a Five year old can und... | [
"Even though he seems charitable, the charities he set up ( RED and ONE) are both pretty scummy. They give very little of their revenue to charity (less than 2% in some cases) and use the defense that they are to raise awareness of the problem rather than working on fixing the problem. Pretty shitty if you ask me."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do popcorn kernels pop at different times? | [
"They all have a slightly different composition, the temperature and amount of oil also differs depending of the location of the kernel in the pan. The pan doesn’t distribute heat evenly."
] | [
"Because the popcorn button is evil. Depending on the power of the microwave and the size of the bag, you may end up with unpopped kernels or burnt popcorn. Better to just listen to the bag and wait for the kernels to mostly stop popping to take it out of the microwave. That's the best way to maximize your popcorn ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do weather forecasts calculate the "feels like X" temperature? How can a temperature feel like another temperature? | [
"Usually it's based off wind chill factors and humidity. They dont change the temperature, but they make it feel warmer or colder than the base temperature."
] | [
"The dew point is not very interesting by itself. But the difference between the temperature and the dew point is important - that's what determines the humidity. A temperature and a dew point which are close together mean that cloud, rain, mist and fog are all more likely."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do British people and American people speak different English? | [
"Different geographic areas. Same way Mexico and Spain speak Spanish but have differences in the spoken language. Same with accents within the US itself. Southern accents vs western vs far north."
] | [
"Why aren’t Americans trying to speak the Native American language?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are live-action movies dubbed into other languages? | [
"The mics used in film making can get pretty specific with exactly what sounds they want to pick up, and tend to stick to the actor dialogue. Most of the sounds you hear like footsteps, doors, etc., are added in later. The dubbing really just replaces the voice audio tracks, so its not too difficult of a process."
... | [
"A variety of reasons. * Different cultures react to visuals differently. Using some boring marketing analytics, the creators of the trailer can see what works and what doesn't work in certain regions and tailor the trailer to best match the expectations and interest of that particular country's popualtion. * Lot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why using MDMA can reduce our standart serotonine level | [
"Yes, bodies are adaption machines. No matter what you put inside it the human Body will try to keep up functional levels. If you flood it with serotonin it will adapt to this high supply and will constantly demand it from the outside."
] | [
"Less Presynaptic serotonin availability....that means dysphoria and/or anxiety.... At the same time gaba channels close then anxiety is further increased"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How was something like GameShark able to work on old game consoles? | [
"Gameshark worked via injection. It would sit between the game cartridge and the game system and inject code changes into the passing data before it was processed by the game system. The cheat codes that you entered just told the Gameshark what actual code to inject as the game data passed through it."
] | [
"u wot m8? Emulators usually get done many years after the release of the console. There isn't an emulator for any of the current-gen consoles, and the previous gen ones are still in early stages of development."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How does DNA translate to an animal’s natural instincts? As in, how can genetic code give an animal innate knowledge about the natural world while the animal is developing in the lightless womb of its mother? | [
"It's not really knowledge that the genetic code is teaching the animal, they're reactions hardwired into the \"design\" to the body. For example, if you accidentally touch something very hot you'll pull back from it. You didn't think about this, it happened faster than you could think about it. It's a reaction bui... | [
"The ELI5 answer is that they just \"know.\" We lose a lot of intrinsic knowledge when we define things as humans. Parrotfish can distinguish itself in the same way an infant might distinguish a human parent from another primate for example. While the infant might react similarly, there is deep-rooted intrinsic kno... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How did taking a knee to propose become tradition? What was the original significance of it? | [
"Perhaps originates in chivalric code tradition. A knight would go down on one knee to signify loyalty and obedience and deference to his liege. Much of the code of chivalry was to do with rules of battle and fair play and prisoners, not so much the treatment of women and the vulnerable. But if you wanted to show r... | [
"It's not about winning. It's about sending a message."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
how are we able to put information on radio waves? I know how radio waves travel, but how do we get info on them like music or news? | [
"Imagine the speech from two people talking as information carried by sound waves. If they talked in front of you, you can hear them but the sound can only project so far, so fast. Now, pit those two people talking on an airplane flying at high speed. This is the radio carrier wave that helps carry information quic... | [
"the \"waves\" are encrypted. when your phone picks them up, it knows what \"codes\" to tune into in order to pick it up properly. without these codes, the signal is worthless."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Does body adapt to different climates? If yes, how does it adapt? | [
"Yes. When army people are dropped off at a new location, their bodies have to get used to, or acclimatize, to the new weather and temperatures, normally over 2-3 weeks. A returned soldier friend of mine said that when his squadron went home by plane, they hadn't received proper time to acclimate, so when they left... | [
"It's a stimulant and makes the heart work harder. If you already have problems with the heart, blood pressure, blood circulation it could exasperate these problems. It depends on the person and their individual body's response. I read somewhere that stimulants are stimulating because your body is actually trying t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
When we scratch our skin, why do white lines appear and what are they? | [
"The outermost layer of your skin is dead skin cells. When you scratch this layer, it causes the cells to break and fray. The white is due to light refracting and bouncing through these cells much in the same way that clouds or snow appear white."
] | [
"All over your body you have these small holes from which your hair grows. In these holes, you also have a gland that produces oil, which keeps your skin soft and tends to your hair. When dead skin cells or dirt collects in these holes, they make a bumb in your skin. When the top layer of skin is gone, the air make... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does water come out of cut vegetables when salt is added? | [
"Given a water permeable wall like the vegetable's cells, water will move so that the concentration of dissolved substances like salt is equal on both sides. This process is called [osmosis](_URL_0_). Why it does so is complicated, but ultimately, since there is more salt outside than inside, some amount of water i... | [
"Bacteria is what spoils food. Bacteria dies if it gets covered in salt or if food doesn't have any water/enough water in it. Salt directly kills bacteria on contact (by sucking the water out of them), and also draws liquid out of meat, inhibiting bacteria growth in/on the meat. Did the meat taste bad? Yes. Did it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do micro SD cards keep having more an more memory, yet stay the same size? | [
"Most of the size of a microSD card is taken up by the wiring from the contacts to the chip(s). The chip is actually a pretty small part of the card. What is happening is the chip manufacturers are constantly improving their fabrication techniques and researchers are refining the physics so we're able to fit more '... | [
"Those larger hard drives were mechanical drives which compared to SSD's, are very slow and more prone to damage since it's getting bumped around all the time. SSD's of the same size (or higher) go up significantly in price. It's a mix between improving speed and keeping costs low."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do animals, that live in parts of the world where the sun barely sets in summer, know when to go to bed? | [
"When they are tired. Animals just sort of do their own thing, they don't have firm schedules, clock in and out at work, or get scolded for staying up past their bedtime."
] | [
"There are already birds that live in the south permanently. The birds from the north migrating down south to stay warm has to happen, so the birds in the south adjust accordingly. If all birds stayed in the south permanently, there wouldn't be enough food in the south to sustain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why when traveling in a moving vehicle we feel the wind/air always coming in from windows but never going out, always wind/air coming inside shouldn't be possible since it will result in high pressure buildup inside the vehicle. So why we never feel wind/air flowing outside? | [
"The air leave the car in vents in the back of the car. The can be east to spot on the car on the outside but you might never notice them or the can be [hidden](_URL_0_) behind plastic part or exit down so you can see them. On the inside they are often hidden behind stuff in the car."
] | [
"It creates a kind of wall of hot air. If the window in open it obviously doesn't work as well but any air that hits the window and is cooled, when it comes back it gets warmed by the air in front of the window. It also prevents the imbalance if temperature u can get sometimes. Ever been able to feel the temperatu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that when you've got a bad cough you're forced to cough almost every minute, but when you fall asleep you don't have the urge to do so? | [
"The body actually paralyzes you so when youre running or doing something in your dream you dont actually do it in real life and hurt yourself. Same thing is applied to when you cough. The body suppresses the physical aspect of it but reminds you of the mental aspect of it if that makes sense."
] | [
"I seem to be prone to this for some reason, I've never figured out why. I figured out years ago that when I feel this is about to happen (I can always get the sensation right before I start coughing) I just quickly bend over as if reaching for my toes. I can literally feel the liquid draining back up my throat and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
how do they monitor speed by aircraft on highways? | [
"There are marks painted on the pavement a known distance apart. The vehicle in question is timed from when it crosses one mark until it crosses the next mark. Divide the distance between marks by the time measured and you get speed. Then they radio down the details."
] | [
"Some just have a timer, others have induction loops in the street. They work like a metal detector and notice if a car is above. Some systems have heat cameras mounted. This is in a lot of mobile traffic lights for construction work near the streets. ^(And i bet some further developed countries like china already ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
Why do comas happen, and why do doctors perform medically induced comas? | [
"Coma happens when what’s going on is too much for your body to handle. It basically puts it in standby mode to either heal or shut down. It conserves energy and preserves the most basic functions, which can preserve life. Doctors induce comas to allow the body to heal without having to worry about maintaining full... | [
"They are given a drug like Diprivan continuously over a few days. If say the patient had head trauma, they are doing this so the damaged areas have time to heal. What you are basically doing is putting the brain to sleep so it has time to heal on its own. That is why it was so crazy that Michael Jackson took this ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What causes the "calm before the storm"? | [
"People use that figuratively but it comes from literal weather observations. Which are you talking about?"
] | [
"If I'm not mistaken it's called \"In with the good, out with the bad\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is it good for you to "air out" a cut or other such wound? | [
"lol so many answers in this thread are just people talking out their ass. My lazy googling says no, unless the wound is small and already scabbed you shouldn't air it out. Airing it out dries the wound and exposes it to infection. _URL_0_ Edit: Wow a lot of attention to my literal 10 seconds of googling. Hey if s... | [
"Wrap it with rags and apply pressure for a long time, maybe get some stitches. After that just pray to your favorite God and hope the knowledge of the designated healer is enough so you don't die due to some nasty infection. Burning is also a very effective way to stop a bleeding, get some very hot piece of iron ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is going asleep on your stomach so bad for you but feel so good? | [
"If sleeping on your back is *uncomfortable*, maybe you just need a new mattress. If you want to sleep on your stomach, though, know that sleeping on your stomach can put your lower back in an awkward position. If stomach sleeping is more comfortable for you, try sleeping with a pillow under your stomach. That will... | [
"Why does stretching my hamstrings feel so unpleasant, while stretching my calves feels good?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Even with old movies (releases in the years before the superhero trend), why do critic review scores and audience votes almost always have a huge gap either way? | [
"I don't think the critics' scores and audience scores are as far apart as you think. But critics have seen it all. Imagine watching several movies every day for decades, and then researching them and writing about them. You'd know everything about movies. The public might think X movie is great, but the critic has... | [
"Movie theaters make most of their money on weekends, so new releases timing with weekends tends to be the most profitable, what with the \"It's new\" factor, as well as potentially less reviews before the bulk of people get a chance to see it. (Bad review = less people wanting to see it. If people get there before... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Media:"
} |
Why do most people shun the belief of extraterrestrials when majority of the population is religious and the majority of religions believe their "Gods" came from the sky or elsewhere? | [
"Most don't believe their deity is an extraterrestrial. Plus, I believe it is possible there are other beings out there, but that doesn't mean I have to believe people who say they are visiting. An actual visiting alien is going to need some proof"
] | [
"Mostly everything on the History Channel about Ancient Alien theory is sensationalist bulllshit. Their way of explaining it is usually along the lines of \"We don't quite understand how ancient people achieved this, or what these symbols that kinda sorta look like spaceships mean, therefore:aliens.\" That being s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are our eyes not affected by the saltiness in our tears as opposed to something like sea salt? | [
"Simply put... Tears contains the exact same amount of salt as the rest of our body liquids. That's about 0.9 % salt. Ocean water is a lot saltier at about 3.5% salt or about 4 times more salt content. That's why ocean water stings. It is too salty."
] | [
"That would be water entering your nose, and since the salinity of the water doesn't match that of your body it burns. Or is burning not the feeling you mean?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do TV show Premieres work? Do they just show the first episode and then it’s over? | [
"For the actual showing of the episodes, yes, its usually in a theater and they generally just show the first episode, and thats that. However generally before the event there's a reception, party, drinks, foods, mingling, pictures, media, interviews, and so on. Afterwards there may be events as well, meaning drink... | [
"The channels or stations that air new episodes have exclusive broadcast rights (that they pay the studio that makes the show) lots of money for. The channel/stations do this for advertising revenue - so for the two or three months between the show airing and when it shows up in iTunes or Netflix, the channel that ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can people eat gold flakes in dishes without health consequences? | [
"Because gold is inert. Our bodies don't absorb it. It passes right through you and you poop it out unchanged. Other metals like lead are toxic because they're similar enough to other elements our bodies use that it can't tell the difference and absorbs them. Gold is different enough that it doesn't fit into anythi... | [
"They do not have the luxury of eating or drinking sweet things often. This prevents a lot of tooth decay."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How come phones (iPhones) in particular lose charge at odd rates? | [
"Charge memory. It is very much not an exclusivly iPhone issue. It is a lithium-ion battery issue. Li-on is the best to date battery for the way smart phones are used, but hardly anyone takes care of the battery in a healthy way. Anyway, if you always plug in your phone to charge at 30% life remaining, eventually i... | [
"it is, and a lot of phones current have specs similar to that. some phones can connect to a tv and display. but it doesn't seem to be in demand."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:"
} |
Photoshop. How does it work? | [
"It's not actually filling in what's behind your friend; Photoshop is actually making it up using its best guess. That content-aware fill is completely fake."
] | [
"> Is there anything more to it? Turn left."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Can I get mononucleosis from one sip of the supposedly mononucleosis-infested beer? | [
"Yes its possible Probable? Dont know Impossible? Doubt it & #x200B; Wont know till you test or show symptoms"
] | [
"They lick their own butts. You don't get cholera from exposure to feces, you get cholera from exposure to feces infected with cholera."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens to the vast amounts of bacteria and dust that the human body breathes in on a daily basis? | [
"Some dust that you breathe in, you breathe right back out. The dust that you don't breathe out gets stuck in the mucus inside your lungs. In the mucus layer, there are a bunch of little wiggling \"fingers\" or \"hairs\" called cilia. The cilia are always slowly pushing the mucus in your lungs up towards your throa... | [
"The more bacteria you consume, the harder it is for the immune system to deal with it all, and it increases the likelihood that you'll get sick. You come into contact with E. Coli and other harmful bacteria every day. You're in contact with harmful stuff right now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how come when it's dark you don't see just black, you see what looks like TV static? | [
"Fun fact! Not everyone sees this. I asked my mom the same question when I was a kid. She knew what i was talking about but my dad thought we were both crazy. Turns out we have the very creatively named Visual Snow Syndrome. Here's some further reading. _URL_0_"
] | [
"I've heard if you close one eye and keep one open, blindness is what you see from the closed one. Try it, you don't see black, you really see nothing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Does snoozing your alarm to get those extra few minutes of sleep have any actual benefits? | [
"Depends on your definition of a few minutes. In addition, it also depends on your morning routine. Do you typically feel better after using the snooze and getting up? If you feel better then you’re benefiting. As far as getting additional “sleep”, then it’s unlikely as it’s a complex process which requires varyin... | [
"Do you feel tired after sleeping? If not, it just might be the amount your body needs to sleep at night. If it is just the amount of sleep you need, then there won't be any long term effects."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the ice cream inside “fried ice cream” not melt once it goes into the deep fryer? | [
"It is a large ball of ice cream covered in a thin layer of whatever on the outside and fried for only a brief moment, enough to cook the outside. The heat doesn’t have time to penetrate very far into the ice cream."
] | [
"Frying in oil produces a crispy texture because it has a high boiling point. Unlike potato chips, fries and tater tots aren't cooked to the point of driving all moisture out. They retain some moisture. As soon as you take them out of the fryer the moisture starts to affect the texture of the food. The longer you w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Food:"
} |
How can we eat blue cheese but we can't eat other moldy cheese? | [
"Different kind of mold, blue cheese is not the only type of cheese with mold. Some off the top of my head: Blue, Brie, Camembert, Gorgonzola, Stilton, and Roquefort."
] | [
"Because we are prone to food poisoning, and need to identify when food is not fresh enough to eat or contaminated with faeces. Dogs do think there are bad smells, they just aren't the same as what you perceive to be a bad smell. Try offering a dog some fresh orange peel."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I’ve heard that red light helps you sleep better. Is there some special technology that causes the light emitted to be red or is it just a regular lightbulb apparatus encased in red glass? | [
"Red light doesn't help you sleep better. Non-red, and especially blue light makes you sleep worse. No light is still better than red light. It is because your body uses blue light as a way of recognizing sunlight, since firelight is typically more red. In terms of ways of making red light... Short answer to second... | [
"The issue is that screens shine blue-rich light straight into our eyes, When we are outside, the light is mainly sunshine, which is green-rich. The other problem is this blue light acts like sunshine to our brains, telling them that it is still daytime, and that we should remain alert and awake. If you are using y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
the difference between shampoo, body wash, and hand soap. | [
"Hair is fragile compared to skin, so using body soap for hair can damage it (some genes of hair are more durable than others). Shampoos will also often have some specific part of the formula for keeping the scalp moisturized."
] | [
"It's all just soap, feel free to read the ingredients. Girls have crazy high standards for not being disgusting, apparently you can't pee down the shower drain either... Of course, they add some extra stuff to the soap depending on the use. Body wash has moisturizers and maybe even those \"scrubbing micro beads\" ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- Why does the air feel “lighter” when it seems like it’s about to storm? | [
"The \"trigger\" for many storms is a warm front moving into an area. Warmer air is less dense and has a lower pressure, so it is \"lighter\"."
] | [
"The predominant factor is the change in the _amount of smell_. When it is very cold there is almost no moisture in the air. Moisture in the air allows more particulate matter to be airborne. When it's really, really cold it simply doesn't smell as much as when it's warm, and when its humid."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are immigrants held at detention centers instead of being deported? | [
"The migrants being held at detention centers are seeking political asylum. They are being held until their claim to asylum is found valid or not. If it is found valid they are granted entry to the US if it is not found valid they are deported."
] | [
"Contrary to popular belief, if an illegal immigrant has a kid in the US, they're still at risk for deportation if caught, in which case the child is sent back with them. Also, pregnant women sometimes have difficulties getting Visas (particularly tourist Visas) in order to dissuade people from trying in the first ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How are ratings measured? Is there some sort of signal sent to the network after I tune in to watch? | [
"They don't *know*, exactly. Ratings are an extrapolated statistic based on some fraction of the population who has volunteered to have their TV fitted with a device which does indeed send such a signal. If 7% of the people that have devices like that are watching something it's estimated that 7% (plus, minus, an... | [
"Media ratings services. Companies in a given market make random phone calls to people in a given area and ask them what stations they listen to (and a whole bunch of demographic questions). Based on the answers given by the sample group they are able to extrapolate how many people are listening to what. With the r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What's the difference between poison and venom? How does it affect our bodies? | [
"[If you die biting it, it's poison. If you die from it biting you, it's venom](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does a tax war on imports between 2 countries affect the rest of the world ? | [
"OMG! I am mad at Ashley, I don't want to talk to her. Hey Karen, I am mad at Ashley and if you talk to her, we aren't friends! Hey! Did you hear that Nat is being a bitch to Ashley? What happened? Anyways, whose side should we pick? Cause ultimately we have to pick a side, otherwise I don't want to be in one of th... | [
"It is not likely to end soon, particularly with the recent economic issues China has been having as they would be the most likely replacement due do rate of consumption. It would effect the US economy very little. Oil only accounts for around 4% of the US economy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does thunder usually occur with lightning strikes to the ground and not the cloud to cloud lighting? | [
"Not true. If you define thunder as the sound produced when the lightning discharges, it always happens regardless of cloud to cloud or cloud to ground. However, the cloud to cloud may be far enough away that all you hear is a rumbling sound and not the more distinctly explosive thunder sound from a close by lightn... | [
"Regular storm lightning is caused by charge separation. If the difference between positively charged particles and negatively charged particles becomes large enough to overcome the insulating properties of air, a spark will occur as electricity will flow between positive to negative charged particles and the charg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are the Beatles considered one of most influential bands ever. | [
"*Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band* was the first album to include printed lyrics. First music video: \"Paperback Writer,\" 1966. In April, 1964, they had 14 songs in the Billboard Top 100, including the top five songs. First band to play stadium concerts. In the studio, they either pioneered or popularized Art... | [
"Because the musical landscape is always changing. In the early 1900's, Jazz was still on the rise. Soon after that, blues became more dominant, soon to be followed by rock 'n roll, with Elvis becoming the biggest artist in the world. He was soon followed by the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, and rock music became... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is it that, on some evenings, all of outside gets an orange (sometimes pink) hue to it? Is there a word for that? | [
"When the sky becomes red/orange/pink during sunset, the light is bouncing off the clouds enough that it hits the houses and street with enough intensity that you can see it. So yes, just a really intense sunset."
] | [
"Well, the first thing to know is that it doesn't. It's just a truism, not an undeniable fact or anything. But at sunrise and sunset, the sunlight is coming in at an oblique angle to the atmosphere. If the atmosphere is full of particulates, then the light will scatter and make the sky look red. In this situation, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is the difference between a ZW sex-determination system and a XY-sex-determination system? | [
"In XY, all female eggs have an X while the male sperm has an X or a Y. So sex is determined by the male sperm. In ZW, all males are ZZ, while the female egg can be either a Z or a W. So sex us determined by the female ovum. The X and Y look sort of like those letters on karyotypes (images of the chromosomes). T... | [
"All embryos begin as default female. If the embryo received a Y chromosome (females are XX, males XY) during development the embryo will undergo an \"androgen bath.\" Those hormones develop the embryo into a male fetus! This is why guys have nipples. =D"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does the car engine rpm go up if you are going downhil with your foot on the brake and not the throttle? | [
"Because it's attached to your wheels. It works both ways. Either your engine powers the wheels, ir your wheels power the engine. If you speed up your RPM's increase. However it happens. If you have a manual and you would declutch you'll see them drop down to stationary numbers Do not press your clutch when going ... | [
"Overdrive is the highest gear on your car. By default overdrive is on. When you turn it off, you limit your car to use the next lower gear. So if your top gear is 4th, with overdrive off it will only go up to 3rd gear. Turning overdrive off can help you to do 2 things depending on how you use it: * Overtaking - fl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What’s Tax Form W-4 and W-2? | [
"W-4 is your tax withholdings. This tells your employer how much of your paycheck they take out to pay to the government. You have to fill this out every year and every time you start a new position with a new employer. W-2 is how much income you have been paid for the calendar year, how much you paid in taxes, soc... | [
"Part 1 _URL_0_ Part 2 _URL_1_ Part 3 _URL_2_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is a connection between commodity price on an exchange and price of the actual commodity? | [
"The current or \"spot\" price is the commodity price at the time. So, settling the exchange contract involves getting paid or paying in real dollars what the commodity price is on the exchange contract. Say you purchased a future contract for 1 cow to be delivered in 1 month and you paid $10 for it. One month lat... | [
"In economic terms a market is just a place where goods and services are bought and sold. With trading; i.e. NYSE, stocks, bonds, and futures are traded. A stock is part ownership of a company. A bond is a guaranteed loan. A future is a promise to buy a product; a guess that prices will go up. Markets can be anythi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is the air cold when you fan yourself on a very hot day? Doesn't motion generate heat? | [
"Moving air takes away heat faster from your skin. That's why it feels cool. The effect is even bigger when you're sweating, the water that evaporates from your skin cools it even faster and more efficient. Motion doesn't necessarily generate heat. I assume what you mean is friction that generates heat. But the ai... | [
"The engine loses energy when it constantly heats up the air blowing past it. If the engine was not losing this energy, it would be storing it, causing it to get very hot. When you use your fork to grab a hot piece of chicken, blowing on the chicken cools it down because the thermal energy in the chicken is transfe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How is table salt produced and why was it so precious during the Roman times? | [
"There are two types of salt. Sea salt is produced by evaporating brine. Rock salt is extracted from salt mines. Despite the misconception, salt wasn't highly precious in Rome. Ostia's large salt marshes were readily exploited, and the Via Salaria was a very busy trade route because of it. Salt was more precious in... | [
"The Turks created them. Back in the late 18th century, they were brought to Europe straight from the Ottoman Empire."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why Germany, France and Italy are G20 members when EU is already a member? | [
"The G20 is a late 90s offshoot from the G8/7 expanded to also include developing countries. The additional member countries were chosen for their strategic importance in trade and finance, as well as their overall economic size. But counting by GDP the 19 countries chosen actually are only in the top 32 - 6 furthe... | [
"G8 is basically a meeting of the most important industrial Nations to get together talk strategie make deals... So everyone benefits who is part of. But as far as I know it is less formal than the G20."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does America, or any country for that matter, have debt? Like who do we owe trillions of dollars to we’re our own country? | [
"The debt is made in “bonds”. These bonds are basically notes saying “I owe you, and will pay you interest until I can pay you back”. The bonds are bought by everyday people in their savings and retirement accounts. They are also bought by foreign countries and individuals. So the people we owe are largely ourselv... | [
"Well, if it wiped clean it's national debt without the OK of the debtors., it would financially ruin the country. Nobody would ever loan any money to the government ever again. Hell, they wouldn't even be able to get a charge account for phones. They'd have to go prepaid for everything. And then there are all the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do you yawn after seeing someone else yawn? | [
"Yawning in animals is generally a full body thing, you ever do a massive yawn where you have to stretch your arms and tense your leg muscles and stuff? It's a pack/herd animal adaption. Deer and Zebras it's really clear in, when some of the group is sleeping and some are keeping watch, one will yawn/stretch to kee... | [
"Hearing other people laugh makes you laugh, too! Even if it's fake. You know, if you fake a smile long enough, eventually you become happy! Try it sometime."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is glass so sharp after it shatters | [
"Glass is very brittle and has an irregular internal structure with multiple weak points. When it's shattered, the weak points break first. Straight fracture lines connect these weak points to form thin, sharp slivers."
] | [
"Heating tempered glass too hot while surrounded by such cold might cause an imbalance in the forces of compression and tension within the glass. Tempered glass is strong until it isn't, and then it just explodes practically."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the purpose of Stablecoins? | [
"While Libra uses similar technology to Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, it doesn't have the 'can't be regulated, even in theory' setup that Bitcoin advertised itself with. Instead, Libra is set up so that Facebook (or whoever Facebook gives access to) can control how much currency is out there and track what pe... | [
"Are you talking about Bitcoin, or something else?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How and why does snot firm up in your nose, then turn into a goop again? | [
"The snot doesn't \"firm up\" and block you nose. In fact, a blocked nose has nothing whatsoever to do with snot! A blocked nose is caused by swelling of the nasal tissue. The mucus membrane swells up and closes off your nasal passage. You have a runny nose after because, when you're sick, your nose also produces ... | [
"It's basically snot. Your eyes are actually connected to your sinuses, so mucus from your nasal cavity can come through your test ducts. Also the reason you get a runny nose when you cry. The eye crust helps clear dirt from your eyes while you sleep. Just keep clearing it away like you do. It's not dissimilar to b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health and Physiology:"
} |
Why do the police get to investigate the crimes of other police? Isn't that a conflict of interest? | [
"Anyone who is investigating a crime is police. That is a part of the definition. The moment you get someone to start investigating a crime in an official capacity they are now police. So if you want criminal activity done by police to be investigated at all it will be investigated by police. Virtually all countri... | [
"In an ideal world, police would never lie, under any circumstances. In an ideal world, however, there would be no crime and therefore no need for police. This is not an ideal world."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does applying pressure to your forehead when you have a headache help ease the pain? | [
"You have pressure points there. Your brain focuses its attention to those new areas, allowing temporary relief from your headache. Imagine being stabbed in your leg while you have a headache. You're now more focused on your leg than your headache, which in comparison doesn't feel so bad anymore. You're doing some... | [
"When your chest seizes up while crying you force blood into your head, which can give you a headache."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Data centers vs servers? | [
"A data centre is where servers physically live. The game company would rent space for their servers in a data centre. Using different data centres allows you to have servers in different locations. Benefits being resilience to problems at a specific data centre and allowing you to put servers closer to their user... | [
"Advertising, selling info, and premium versions of the free stuff."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How were we able to film the explosions of atomic bombs? I would assume the sheer amount of force would blow any type of camera to dust. | [
"Because your assumption is wrong. Notice how all the footage of atomic detonations is from far away? Thats because they don’t have unlimited blast radius. You can look at one, and film it, from far enough away that the shockwave will dissipate before it hits you. There is very limited footage from camera’s within ... | [
"It's not heating up and blowing smoke. The device was buried in a shaft dug into the mountain. It's hard to tell from the low quality of the video, but one (or more) of a few things is happening. It appears as though the shockwave from the blast caused a bunch of dirt, dust, and debris from the surface to become a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is that if you fall asleep hungry you still wake up feeling more or less fine? | [
"While you are asleep your body works to keep you alive and homeostasis up. Your blood sugar levels are tightly controlled, when it drops you start producing hormones to tell you that you are hungry and hormones to break down it's sugar and fat reserves to keep you alive. While you are asleep it's mostly growth ho... | [
"First, Lucky you. Second, your desire for sex goes to basically nothing. Like eating a really good meal till you're full. Yes, you enjoyed it, but well, you're full, you're not going to eat that meal again, you just need to wait till you're atleast a little hungry again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does our body feel tired after going to bed late but still sleeping for 8 hours? | [
"There have been studies that shown there are multiple reasons for this. Mainly, you’re not getting a “good” nights rest. If you snore for instance or drink, although you’re sleeping, you’re not actually getting good sleep. E.g, REM state sleep with cycles."
] | [
"He means what is our body doing when we force ourselves to sleep longer than necessary, for example a rainy Sunday morning where we sleep until 10am even though we could have gotten up at 8 with enough rest. What does the body do with those two extra hours"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Video-Game streaming, how does it work in general? | [
"Normally a computer or console will calculate the game world and generate images of it many times a second which forms the video which is viewed by the player. This is extremely demanding in terms of processing power. With streaming a game a computer far away does the calculations to form the video of the game wor... | [
"Streaming services are part of the music industry. This is like asking what will happen to TV when netflix exists."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Does a layer of dust on the leaves of a plant effect it's ability to photosynthesize at all? | [
"Yes, as dust on a window reduces the amount of light coming through the dust on the leaves reduces the light reaching the cells. Too much dust and the plant can't survive."
] | [
"Well the soil is important for plants(in general) to get proper nutrients. It doesn't change how much a certain plant can create and store. It's all in them genes!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
- why does a glass of water taste so different after sitting out for a day or so? | [
"Somebody else asked this a few days ago. If I remember right, the answer was that it slowly absorbs co2 from the air, forming carbonic acid, which tastes like flat soda water. I don't know if that's true or not, but it was the answer given last time."
] | [
"You can only hold so much water at a time. The rest you will pee out as waste. So yes, it is different to drink 1.5 liters of water at once than it is to drink that amount through out the day."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How is your body registering and regulating the temperature of your organs? | [
"Negative feedback system. Temperature sensitive receptors detect a change normal temperature and mitochondria begin to produce energy to raise the temperature or vasodilation of capillaries to lower the temperature"
] | [
"Like your five: your body is using all your energy and nutrients to fight the bad thing making you sick which leaves less for your muscles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are human eyes so bad with sunlight that we need sunglasses to operate normally? Bright sunlight doesn't seem like a new phenomenon for humans to deal with. | [
"Your eyes adapt to the light around you. 10,000 years ago people spent most of their day walking in the sun, so their eyes had plenty of time to adapt. Now we spend lots of time indoors where it's darker. Your eyes need time to adapt again to the outdoors, and given that we go inside and outside quite frequently, ... | [
"If the room is overwhelmingly dark, except for the TV, then your pupils will be wide open to let lots of light in. If the room is relatively bright, your pupils will be smaller and thus let less light in. The idea is that this lets less \"harmful\" TV light in, although TVs themselves shouldn't give off too much h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
explain the "Mpemba effect" which claims warm water freezes faster than cold water. | [
"The Mpemba effect breaks some laws of thermodynamics and is widely regarded as a result that exposes of a flawed interpretation of a badly designed experiment. In particular the effect cannot be seen by observing hot and cold water return to room temperature by passive cooling. The effect has only been demonstrate... | [
"Most substances have increased solubility in hot water compared to cold water. For example, you can dissolve more salt in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Chemistry:"
} |
Why is it that the layers of the earth get hotter as it goes deeper, the core being the hottest, if the surface is actually closest to the sun? Where does the core get its heat from? | [
"Shorter version: The core was already hot, and is slowly cooling down. Back in the \"early days\" of science, the earth's age was estimated using the baked potato technique. It likens the earth to a massive ball that just came out of the oven, and the surface cools down while the inside stays hot. There are other ... | [
"It's the square cube law and the fact that planets are huge. Heat is lost through the surface of an object, so it depends on the surface area. The amount of heat to be lost depends on the volume of an object. If you have an object 10 times bigger (longer, wider, higher), its surface area is 100 times bigger, but i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Earth Science:"
} |
why do some electronic screens look wavy when they’re being taken on a phone/digital camera? | [
"because most electronic screens have a refresh rate. the led's or lcd's or whatever are not continuously outputting the image. they are being refreshed 60 times a second in most cases. and your camera can pick up on that. if you change the shutter speed on your camera, you can make the effect more pronounced or ma... | [
"This is controllable in software. Some manufacturers want it to take a mirrored picture so that users don't get confused when looking at themselves -- users *expect* the phone to work like a handheld mirror."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is the Mona Lisa so famous? | [
"Scandal! News! It wasn’t a particularly interesting piece of art for most of its life. It was a da Vinci, so it was famous for its artist, but the piece itself wasn’t special. That is, until it was stolen in 1911. It was stolen from the Louvre and the theft became an instant media sensation that would make a Kar... | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
It's always suggested that you should cool a Sunburn. Wouldn't that hinder the healing as bloodflow is restricted? | [
"The cooling is for your comfort, it will heal just fine either way. The inflammation isn't really that helpful for a sunburn but it might aid in things like infection. Your body doesn't really know what happened though, it just evolved certain responses and inflammation with a sunburn doesn't hurt your odds of rep... | [
"The UV light damages the skin cells, in order to replace the damaged skin blood flow to the affected area is increased which causes the skin to be warm to the touch. I'm pretty sure that's it but feel free to correct me."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Science:"
} |
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