query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What is Exergy in terms of Thermodynamics? | [
"Exergy is the energy that an object could transfer to its surroundings. Imagine a warm object in a room. That object has thermomechanical exergy because it is warmer than room temperature. When the object cools, heat transfers from the object into the room until the object is room temperature. Now the object has n... | [
"Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Bose-Einstein condensation ](_URL_8_) 1. [ELI5: What is Bose Einstein Condensate and how does it look like? ](_URL_8_) 1. [ELI5: What is the Bose-Einstein Condensate? ](_URL_7_) 1. [ELI5 Bose-Einstein Condensate ](_URL_7_) 1. [ELI5: What is Bose... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How hydropower doesn't violate the law of conservation of energy. | [
"The hydropower waterfall's water will hit the ground with less force (having been decelerated by the generator), so you might have different (lower energy) kinds of river formations from the hydropower waterfall. I have no idea what a slower river looks like vs a faster one, but that would be the answer."
] | [
"Welcome to the one of the strongest arguments against the prohibition of firearms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
If any kind of data can be represented by a string of numbers (or, effectively, by one long number), how can anyone own a number? | [
"It's the same as books. There are only 26 letters in the alphabet, but it takes time and effort to arrange the letters into something more meaningful than \"as´kbvmepmvk\". And people who to that have a copyright over their meaningful words."
] | [
"It's not so much that we think binary is a universal language. We think that *numbers* are universal, and that binary is the simplest way to communicate them. We'd do something like sending sequences of prime numbers, effectively communicating the message \"there is intelligent life here\"."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
encoders, decoders and transcoders | [
"Encoder - changes data into a certain format or \"code\". Usually it's to conform to certain standards for displaying the information, such as ASCII being the standard for displaying letters and symbols on computers and other devices, or .mp3 being a common format for audio data. Decoder - changes the encoded data... | [
"Quite possibly. _URL_0_ is pretty useful for network diagnostics and can be used to check throttling/traffic de-prioritisation"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do the m & m's not melt when they're baked into cookies? | [
"They have a thin candy shell. [I'm surprised you didn't know that.](_URL_1_) Seriously though, sugar (the shell) doesn't melt consistently, [it decomposes.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"They're candy with nutrients inside them. I know what you're going to ask next and the reason is those nutrients are pretty expensive/kids would overdose."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Do we see at the speed of light? | [
"We are not seeing it in real time. If you're looking into a mirror the light has to bounce off of you, into the mirror, back to you eyes and then your brain has to interpret the signals. You are not seeing in real time, you are seeing into the past (sorta), similar to when you look at a star and you see it as it w... | [
"They travel at the speed of light, because they are a form of light."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
[EL5] How the fuck does shazam work? | [
"Shazam has a catalog of many, many songs. Each song has its own unique \"fingerprint\". This fingerprint is calculated using special mathematical equations specialized for turning sound into an identifiable number. When you send a sound clip to Shazam for identification, it takes the sample, applies the math to th... | [
"I googled that for you: _URL_0_ Why did you ask?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do motion-sensor toilets work? How can I prevent them from prematurely flushing? | [
"Motion sensor toilets basically shine a little infrared light out and see how long it takes to get back. If the time changes quickly the toilet knows that some motion just happened in front of it. You can stop a toilet from flushing prematurely by draping a little toilet paper over the sensor so that it only sees ... | [
"Check the O-ring of your toilet. If it's leaking then your toilet will refill it's tank to get back up to a proper water level. Essentially it flushes without you flushing and we all know what happens when you flush while in the shower."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
EL15: The Laffer Curve (Economics) | [
"Image if people were taxed at 100%. Then there would be no motivation to produce anything since all the profit would go to tax. Tax revenue would be zero. If the tax rate was 0%, on the other hand, tax revenue would also be zero. Somewhere between 0% and 100% is the tax rate that produces the most tax revenue."
] | [
"A Visual, Intuitive Guide to Imaginary Numbers: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What effect would FTL travel have on the occupants of the spaceship? | [
"We do not know. Any form of FTL travel would require physics that we can barely start to imagine."
] | [
"They are 40 lightyears away. Even if it were possible to travel *at* the speed of light, it would take 40 years to get there and 40 years to get any data back. At our current possible speeds, it would take longer than the entire history of humanity to reach these planets. They aren't sending a rover."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How can China carry out massive hacking campaigns on the United States without any significant retaliation? | [
"Countries regularly have low level engagements. Spies, hackers, diplomatic shenanigans. So far no one is willing to start a war over these things."
] | [
"It would be a disaster of epic proportions in terms of intelligence collection, and probably one of the best things that foreign intelligence services could possibly imagine. The primary jobs of the NSA are to listen in on other countries, try to break their codes, and maintain the security of US government commun... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is airport security looking for in liquids, and why are some liquids treated differently than others? | [
"Did you have your name on the medicine? Basically, there has to be a little give and take, some people *need* to take liquids on a flight"
] | [
"Airports don't check this -- they assume that it's been done correctly until they're told otherwise, until someone reports that their bag isn't there. That's the big reason why it's important to pick up your bag promptly after landing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
- can someone explain to me the physics behind what normally keeps huge cranes from tipping over and what could go wrong to cause a crash like the one in Manhattan this week? | [
"Long story short, Counterweights. [Take a look at this](_URL_1_), notice how the backside of the crane arm extends a little further than the \"root\". The backside is equipped with heavy counterweights that equalize the gravitational pull on both sides. However, there is of course more to it, as a mechanism like t... | [
"That's just how large buildings fall; you don't have to do anything special to make it happen. When some of the floors collapse, they break the structural support for the next floor down, and so on until they hit the ground. It'd be horribly unsafe if tall buildings *weren't* designed to fall this way. Just think ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why can't we just "cut off" excess fat from morbidly/super morbidly obese people? | [
"There is liposuction. This is where they insert a tube inside the skin and suck out fat. The problem is that while it removes the fat it doesn't remove the person's reason for being fat so it's likely they'll still continue eating unhealthy and get fat again before too long."
] | [
"Seals need fat for thermal insulation to survive the cold air and water. Pigs are bred by humans to be extra fat and I doubt it’s healthy for them. Wild boars are much more muscle than fat. And fat isn’t necessarily unhealthy for humans. Sure, extreme obesity is but most “overweight” people are fine. Our society j... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about nutrition:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about nutrition:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come when you have a sore throat it gets significantly worse if you sleep with the fan on? | [
"Your throat relies on staying moist. But the moving air from the fan tends to remove moisture from you, so your throat dries out more. That makes it feel even worse than it did. The effect doesn't happen much if you point the fan at your legs instead of your head."
] | [
"I'd guess it's a combination of things. - Many hours without water so dehydrated - Often you'll sleep with your mouth open when stuffed up, so your throat will be dry and hurt. The gross, pasty tongue and lips make you feel worse, too - When I'm sick, I sweat a lot. It feels shitty to wake up in a damp bed. - Any... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
Why do planes still need black boxes? | [
"Because bandwidth is very expensive, especially in flight. The flight data is needed only in a very small fraction of cases. So, it makes a lot more sense to use an extremely durable flight data recorder that can be reused. Also, I am quite certain that a satellite data link is far more likely to fail in an emerge... | [
"Because they are built to do so, They are very compact and rugged and resistant to extreme heat. If they couldn't survive most crashes, there would be no reason to bother putting them on the planes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about aviation:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about aviation:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does a tree grow? Does it add more mass to the top of the tree or just "get longer"? | [
"Yes, but very slowly. There are photos of bikes that were left leaning on a tree 50 years ago which are now inside the trunk and 5 feet in the air."
] | [
"Plants grow by the creation of new cells. When you have a bunch of new cells, they can expand to their full size and the plant then has grown a little. Move towards the sunlight is the same: The cells which receive the least sunlight expand the most and thus the flower orients itself towards the sun."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Botany:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Botany:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's going on when we have a bad headache/migraine? Is the brain telling itself that it feels pain or is the brain itself actually in pain? | [
"It's never your brain. The brain doesn't have pain receptors and can't actually feel pain. The membrane around your brain can feel pain, but the brain itself cannot. The pain you feel is not your brain - it's usually blood vessels being either dilated or constricted in your head."
] | [
"Our organs don't have feeling and pain receptors as our skin does. If we could feel everything they did we would constantly feel them digesting. When there is a problem with our organs, our body tells us about it by making something else hurt. This is called \"deferred pain.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do humans have to learn how to swim, while other mammals can do it instinctively? | [
"Hey, I searched reddit history and found this question several times. Here is the top voted comment from one of those: This roots into the whole \"why are human babies so defenseless\" it's because of our intelligence. If we were to be born with our brains fully formed and ready to go, with the skull to encompass ... | [
"That is what they are adapted to do. It is like asking how fish can swim all the time or how whales can hold their breath for so long. The stress of being used for what they do isn't something difficult for nipples to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do traffic lights flash red after a power outage? | [
"The system is signaled to return to an \"emergency state\". So that the light is still working and functioning in the capacity of highest safety. If the traffic grid goes out, while it will interrupt traffic more, the safest thing to do is go to an all Stop system, so all intersections are treated as \"all stops\"... | [
"Traffic patterns are sparse in those flashing light areas at those times. It would be pointless to make people sit at a red light when there is no other traffic around. I wish more intersections would do that out where I live."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
Why is it everywhere you go every church is the first? i.e. First Baptist Church. | [
"Yeah why isnt there a 632nd church of god??"
] | [
"A church is where Christians go to pray. A synagogue is where Jews go to pray. Not quite sure what else you want to know."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is it that usually only one of my nose is clogged while the other side is fine? | [
"Believe it or not you spend most of the time breathing out of only one nostril at a time. Your body automatically does this. Approximately every 2.5 hours your body switches to the other side. This is known as the **nasal cycle**. Your body partially *congests* (clogs) one side while *decongesting* (unclogging) th... | [
"Could you imagine only having one nostril? What would happen when it clogs 30% of the day and you don't have the other to fall back on? What about when you have the sickness? Would you be down with it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
how can the world's rice production be so abundant when rice fields look so sparse? | [
"You're looking at newly planted seedlings. The people in the picuture are actually planting at that moment. It looks [a lot more abundant after it grows in.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Wat do you mean? Create clouds to produce rain and prevent drought? Because that's not what they did in China, there they only caused existing clouds to drop their rain before they reached the area they wanted to protect. EDIT: and even that was extremely expensive, so not really applicable for large scale use."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why is EA games facing so much backlash from Redditors? | [
"Most recently it is because of their release of Star Wars Battlefront 2. It takes 40 hours of playing to unlock darth vader, or you could just buy him... Microtransactions have always faced a lot of criticism, as well as dlc that should have been included in the main game. Basically EA always rushes their games, r... | [
"Microtransactions and ads. Most of the great free to play games are based off of cosmetics and loot boxes (The thing everyone is currently bitching about) and ad revenue. There's quite a few people lobbying to get rid of loot boxes. Which will effectively do away with good free to play games. (I understand for ful... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
why the Verizon workers are picketing. | [
"BTW, there is a IAmA thread for a striker found here: _URL_0_"
] | [
"Their top execs worst secrets from being exposed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What makes superballs so bouncy? | [
"The [material they're made from](_URL_0_) and being formed under high pressure gives them what's called a high coefficient of restitution. All that means is that it returns most of the energy used in squashing it when it's allowed to spring back. Little is wasted as heat."
] | [
"Hollow bones, and a whole lot of other things that make flying animals lightweight and aerodynamic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Do your arms get sore in space if you hold them up? | [
"Short answer- no As previously mentioned there is no\"up\" in space. To us - to everything really - \"up\" is simply \"against gravity\". With no gravity, there is nothing to work against. This work against gravity is what tires your muscles. Astronauts have often commented that sleeping is much more comfortable b... | [
"Because your body twists when you walk as you switch leg to leg. And when your arms aren't rigid they will sway."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are masking/duct tape used on windows during hurricane? | [
"It's so if the glass breaks it stays together in large chunks instead of breaking into a thousand tiny pieces."
] | [
"Wood is popular because it's inexpensive, quickly and easily assembled, allows for relatively large amounts of insulation (within the hollow spaces), and they're strong enough to survive many common weather/geologic issues while better, more expensive materials have little effect on the home's ability to survive r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do people type, when typing Arabic with the Latin alphabet, use numbers in the middle of words? | [
"Arabic text on the internet is a bit smaller than English letters, and Arabs usually find it easier using Latin letters because of the keyboards some don't have arabic letters on them (like mine), but mainly because it is just faster because typing in Arabic can still be challenging since you mix up where the lett... | [
"English does not use accents, even when we borrow words. Therefore there is no need to have them as a standard on keyboards."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why can’t the Panama Canal just dig a deep canal and remove the locks? | [
"Oceans are in constant motion. This means that they surge up and down. Because the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean aren't connected anywhere *but* the Panama Canal, you're channeling the entire difference in wave height at any given time through the canal. Without the locks, that means you'd mostly get a fast running c... | [
"There is a lake (Gatun Lake) that actually comprises part of the path of the canal. However, the lake is above sea level. In order to get the boats up there, they are placed inside the locks, which are filled with water, lifting the boat to the appropriate elevation. When they are past the lake, they enter a fille... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Does "Kids Songs" actually benefit kids over other music? | [
"Generally it's about the kids recognizing the words and the subjects of the songs. Wheels on the bus? Kids understand it's a song about a bus and the things on the bus. Nothing overly complicated there. It teaches them association between these things and also teaches a sense of melody. But if you look at adult s... | [
"I feel like this depends on the type of songs you're listening to. What music are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why was D-Day so successful? And were the Germans ill prepared? | [
"It's worth reading/watching up on D-Day, and not just the landing scenes. The Allies put phenomenal effort into D-Day. Prior to the operation they built huge fake military bases prepping for an invasion and planted fake information for German spies. Just before the landings they started air presence towards the fa... | [
"The Dieppe Raid during WW2 was a total failure. It was a raid (possibly not even authorised) on the German occupied port at Dieppe. Thousands of mostly Canadian troops were killed to barely any Germans. Pretty much all the equipment the Allies landed with was lost. I've heard that the Germans joked that the entire... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What is lint and where does it come from? | [
"Your clothes are disintegrating, and that's where lint comes from. Cotton fabric is a big source of lint, and it makes sense, when you think about it. Cotton fibers come from soft, puffy flowers a couple of inches across; the very longest fibers are, well, a few inches long (they're a little bit curled up in the c... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does a woman have to be awake while giving birth? | [
"That used to be common, actually. From the 1930s on, women were routinely put in a sort of [twilight sleep] (_URL_0_) through a combination of drugs. Women were also routinely tied down during this because there was a risk of hallucinations and thrashing. The practise fell out of fashion because not only did it ha... | [
"Well, let me ask you this: Whats the point of having a bigger dick if you will eventually end up getting a woman pregnant all the same?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is unique enough about eyes to make them work like fingerprints when using retinal scans? | [
"Its just the pattern in your retina. It is, however, a common misconception that these are unique to you. It's pretty likely that there are other people with the same fingerprint or retina. So to answer your question, there is nothing about either that is inherently unique, but there are so maby possible variation... | [
"It doesn't. You can still recognize someone you know even when you can't see their eyes. If it were otherwise, all you'd need to be completely incognito is a pair of sunglasses. That said, obscuring the eyes can make it a bit more difficult for facial recognition software to identify a person. Eye color, shape, an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does water taste delicious and refreshing, but watered-down drinks taste disgusting? | [
"You're used to the \"taste\" of water, and you expect what you get when you drink it. Likewise, you're used to the flavor and sweetness of sodas/juices/teas you get in stores. Your body likes sugar. If you dilute it, your body isn't used to the reduced sweetness and it won't taste as good. If you drink a diluted s... | [
"Toothpaste block your tongue from tasting sweetness. So when you drink orange juice, which is very sweet normally, you can only taste its sourness. Which is why it tastes horrible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is there little to no atheist representation in US congress? | [
"Atheists won't vote for atheists just because they share a lack of belief, religious people will more often vote against atheists because the lack of said belief. Also, religious people congregate, atheists might leave extremely religious areas, but they won't specifically seek out atheist communities. and given ... | [
"I sincerely doubt there's much difference in personal liberties between America and Western Europe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How someone with little understanding or experience of stocks and commodities can invest money? | [
"Think of the stock market like flying a plane (which is not actually that hard. The hard part isn't not crashing, it's knowing where you are, what conditions you're in, and being reliable enough to be more or less guaranteed to not crash, especially take off and landing) Most everyone can understand how to go fast... | [
"If they never existed it would be much harder for people to purchase stock in companies, and much harder for companies to get the money needed for expansion and employment. What would happen if grocery stores never existed? It's a market too. But modern life pretty much requires it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it a sports team's responsibility to punish players for their actions off-field? | [
"The NFL, as an organization, has chosen to hold its players to a certain standard, and the players association has agreed to this. They feel that incidents like this harm the leagues image, and wealthy players often aren't motivated by strictly legal consequences. That said, the punishments are often arbitrary, an... | [
"Because they still have the training, knowledge and (usually) equipment necessary to write tickets and/or make arrests. It's the same as a soldier not being a civilian while on leave. A civilian has no connection to the government, whereas even off-duty officers and soldiers on leave are ambassadors of their organ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
when it comes to fresh asphalt and rain, why do some roads absorb the water better while other freshly paved roads leave all the water on the surface? | [
"Most asphalt is impermeable: it doesn't absorb water at all. There are permeable paving materials, but either expensive or not strong enough for heavy or high-speed traffic. Impermeability also helps protect pavement from trees growing through it and keeps the road subbase dry. That's important because the subbase... | [
"Not all are. A great deal are, but there are some areas where it's dirt, and other where it's cement. But it's because stone offer the most support. Dirt can get washed away as mud after a torrential downpour, stones don't do that as often. You even still see trains have trouble with areas that have a lot of dirt ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Hoe does it actually feel to be deaf and what do you see when you are blind? | [
"I'm not sure about deafness. Apparently, because they have never experienced the sense of sight, someone who was born blind has eyesight akin to looking out of your armpit."
] | [
"People who are good at reading wont read the words in their head, I assume the same goes for deaf people, but I'm not actually sure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Many conservatives, when arguing against Islam, cite surveys that claim that a significant number of Muslims support suicide bombing, stoning, jihad, and all other sorts of scary-sounding things. How valid are these claims? | [
"While I'm not really in a position to judge these claims myself, their source is [this](_URL_0_) collection of surveys done by the Pew Research Center, which, judging from a quick look at their [methodology](_URL_2_), seems largely reliable and unbiased. Some more in-depth opinions of a few Redditors that are more... | [
"It all depends on your point of view, and what your values are. The Muslim Brotherhood is a group that believes that government should be run according to the laws of Islam. In other words, they favor an Islamic theocratic system of government. If you feel the same way, then there's nothing wrong, or \"bad\", abou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is a website url recognizable from any computer? | [
"There are DNS (domain name system) servers which translate a address like _URL_0_ to the IP-address of the server. It goes a bit like this: your browser sends a request to your router to translate the address. If the router doesn't know it (the router only saves some of your recently visited pages) he asks a bigge... | [
"I have a similar question and couldn't find an answer. ELI5: Does this affect me in any way? Is it dangerous to click an imgur link now?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The age of our universe is 13.73 billion years. The size of our universe is 93 billion light years. How can the rate of our universe expand at 6.5 times the speed of light? Does it have no mass? | [
"Light has speed limit moving through a vacuum which is however many km/s. This also happens to be the fastest speed anything in the universe can reach. However the universe itself can expand faster because it's not technically moving into anything. At least this is how I've had it explained to me."
] | [
"the size of the universe is currently unknown. The observable universe, the area of space around earth that information about can theoretically have reached us, is about 93 billion light years across because space itself is expanding over time. By the time light reaches us from near the edge of the observable univ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about astronomy:"
} |
Why does vision in one eye get worse than the other? | [
"If I punch you in the right eye, does the left eye get swollen and puffy? No. Both eyes are under different circumstances, and these affect them individually."
] | [
"Do you have corrected vision? And if not can you focus on other small things near your face without getting a headache?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
With all the focus on environment-friendly business practices over the last few years (along with the advancement of technology) why are things like junk mail, unwanted newspapers/magazines, and phonebooks still produced and disseminated in mass quantities? | [
"The alternative to these services (the ones that *are* services) are mostly electronic. Many people are still not 'plugged in' in the sense of an electric-oriented lifestyle. Yes, they have lights and microwaves, but not necessarily a computer, internet access, or the interest in either to pursue it. Those people ... | [
"We bury our trash. Who would dig it up and then sort through all the garbage to find the recyclables? The sheer amount of manpower it would take is inefficient as well as costly. Could we do it? Probably. Are we going to? Nah. Costs too much money, as well as disrupting the trash services that are already in place... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
If the certain kind of food tastes the same for different persons, why some people like it and some people don't? | [
"How you experience something is not based only on how your body physically experiences it (through your 5 senses) but also how your brain perceives those sensations. The way your brain interprets your physical experiences is not based only on the innate structure of the brain but also on the experiences it had (i.... | [
"Based only on my experience of having cats, there are some treats my cat loves and others that she won't touch, so I am guessing they must have at least some sense of taste."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can something be #14 on the front page, and also be #26 on page two? | [
"I was told to consider the 'front page' it's own subreddit. So when you're viewing 'front page' youre actually viewing the most popular stuff on reddit + all your sub reddits that your subscribed to (unless you're not logged in then its back to default subreddits). So if you see two of the same posts that's becaus... | [
"Threads take many hours to pick up the votes required to make it to the front page. If you go to the **Top** tab and sort it by **This Hour** you will see all the highest voted threads of the last 60 minutes. Don't ever go to New, it's just a list of the most recent submissions and finding a thread that shows pro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do these emergency switches require you to break something first? | [
"So you don't accidentally activate it and they know exactly which one was activated."
] | [
"You are correct. Many of those controls are in case the digital controls aren't working properly. Better to have a second way to control everything, than lose control of your vehicle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What do we know about the effects of long exposure of the human body to high gravity? | [
"Nothing. The highest gravity setting we have is 1G. We have studies on less than 1G. But we would have to go to jupiter or any planet with a higher gravity field to get long term studies. Being in a cockpit and pulling 4Gs isn't the same. It last just mere seconds."
] | [
"There's a theory that it happens as a reaction from the removal of heat from the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The difference between orthogonal and Perpendicular | [
"in general the two are the same; but orthogonal refers to general objects or sets of objects at right angles with each other (say, planes, vector spaces, cars, whatnot) while perpendicular usually is used to mean vectors or lines. . In practice they mean the same thing, but it changes a bit depending on what you'r... | [
"Arbitrary, likely measured from FPOC with the surface."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Science:"
} |
What is the difference between a remote controlled helicopter and a drone? and why not call a drone a remote controlled helicopter? | [
"Most 'drones' aren't actually drones. A remote controlled vehicle is exactly what is sounds like, it's a vehicle that is directly controlled by a person from a remote location (not actually in the vehicle). A drone has some level of autonomy and can control itself with minimal input from an operator. Basically, if... | [
"Helicopters aren't drones. They have a pilot. They also have a giant combustion engine. You can't use a giant combustion engine on a drone because then it's too big (consumer drones, I know Predator drones exist guys). So you have to use small electric motors. Uh oh! the currently existing technology doesn't pro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
My daughter asked why are there bubbles in soda water. I told her it's elves' farts. | [
"At the factory they pump gas called carbon dioxide into the soda water. They use a very strong pump that actually forces the gas to dissolve into the water, like when you disolve sugar in water. It squeezes the gas into the soda an it is trapped in there for as long as the cap is on. Taking the cap off releases t... | [
"The bubbles releasing from the soda. I'm not sure why it hurts but I solved the problem by not drinking soda. Now I'm 100% soda pain free. Also thinner."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do horses really need to be put down if they break a leg? If they do, then why? | [
"not any more, with modern tech. the pain can be abated and bones mended. Shooting an injured animal in the old days was mostly for mercy because ordinary people don't care to see an animal suffer."
] | [
"Because it could startle them and they might attack you. It is a myth that it will give them a heart attack or put them into a coma. \"They\" say the best thing you can do is gently lead them back to bed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is a "confirmed kill"? Is this a real military term or more a Hollywood myth? | [
"It's real. The military keeps records of sniper kills, the range, the weapon used...etc. Traditionally it wasn't publicly discussed and was sort of a \"don't talk about fight club\" rule among snipers, but Hollywood has popularized the term."
] | [
"It's a made up rule used as an excuse to eat something that fell on the floor. It's not a legal term in any way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How can Steam have so many sales and still make money? | [
"* Low costs due to virtual distribution rather than manufacturing physical copies * Usually only reduce older ( > 1 year old) products they have already made profit on"
] | [
"Because they still make money regardless of how many mistakes they make. Despite all the disappointment with those games, they still sold millions of copies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does turning down the radio help us 'see' the address better? | [
"> ELI5: Why does turning down the radio help us 'see' the address better? ELI born today WTF the question is about."
] | [
"I remember this being asked on one of the subs before. believe the general answer was that tilting their head helps them focus on the specific sound in order to hear it better."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does the letter 'a' look different, in default computer fonts, from the one we write? | [
"[15th-century Italy saw the formation of the two main variants that are known today. These variants, the Italic and Roman forms, were derived from the Caroline Script version. The Italic form, also called script a, is used in most current handwriting and consists of a circle and vertical stroke. This slowly develo... | [
"As far as I know, they use the same letters, even cursive scripts such as Arabic. But the English alphabet isn't the only alphabet used in math. The Greek alphabet is used extensively, and even Hebrew is used at least once."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can one not see 3d with monocular vision (one eye) | [
"I have amblyopia - efffectively one almost unusably lazy eye. I can see out of the thing, but I can't do much with the information I get from it. The way I get most of my 3d info is from motion parallax - move your head from side to side a little, and close objects will move faster across your vision than distant... | [
"By watching the Vsauce video linked in the previous comment, you need a picture of 576megapixel filling your whole sight (regardless of distance) for it to be continuously indistinguishable of reality. If your able to track the focal point of your eye, and adapt the picture according to it, you only need a 8megapi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:"
} |
Why is Floria Man a thing? | [
"Florida man is a thing because the [Sunshine Law](_URL_0_) in Florida makes it easier for journalists to access the police reports that detail all of the hijinx that people in Florida get into. It's not necessarily that they have the craziest criminals, it is just that it is much easier to find out about them."
] | [
"Am I out of the loop on something? Who hates Ringo?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What makes the new Reddit privacy policy different from the existing? Anything in there to worry about? | [
"The primary substantial difference is that IP addresses will be stored for 100 days, up from 90 days; according to Reddit, this is to allow for convenient quarterly analysis of usage. The other revisions are mostly rewording intended to make the policy easier to read, without affecting its substance."
] | [
"Also, it gives them legal safe-harbors for giving your info to the government. Without CISPA, they were stuck in a nasty place between not appeasing government requests and some liability for not treating your information properly. Souce: various Techdirt articles. Warning: good blog, but they definitely have a po... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Government and politics:"
} |
What chemical reaction happens when you mix milk with coca cola | [
"I don't think its a matter of a reaction per se. Coke is acidic (As far as I remember it contains orthophosphoric acid) wheras milk contains protein (casein). Casein precipitates in acidic environment and falls to the bottom of the bottle. This process is used as a method for preparing soured milk. _URL_0_"
] | [
"The acid in the apple juice reacts withe the newly available oxygen, causing a vegetable version of rust."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does iron rust faster in the presence of saltwater? | [
"Rust is iron oxide, the result of oxygen interacting with iron in the presence of water. When this happens, the iron oxide forms a barrier to the rest of the iron behind it, so other factors, like wind erosion, need to remove the rust to get to the iron underneath, to then change that to rust. With salt water, th... | [
"Most substances have increased solubility in hot water compared to cold water. For example, you can dissolve more salt in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Chemistry:"
} |
The six different cameras pointed at your car at a U.S. border crossing | [
"Pictures of you, pictures of your car, scan your license plate, photo recognition of your passengers, ... ; there is an almost unlimited set of things that might be desired, and single function devices are cheaper and more maintainable than a does-everything scanner."
] | [
"They split the lanes. At some point one goes over another and then they recombine in the new configuration. This complex maneuver can be achieved by a technology called a \"bridge\"."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What happened to the Scumbag Stacy meme? | [
"Looks like she started sending out Cease & Desist notices and possibly also DMCA takedowns to sites using her image."
] | [
"Nobody: Not a single soul on the world: u/59ezswpmm: \"What's the deal with all the\" Nobody:\" memes?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do soft drink companies fit so much sugar into a bottle without increasing viscosity? | [
"You'd be surprised how soluble sugar is in water, simple syrup is equal volumes sugar/water for example."
] | [
"Coke Zero uses an artificial sweetener instead of sugar or high fructose corn syrup. Artifical sweeteners are like sugar, but much sweeter. As a result, you can use less of it. Since you're using less \"sugar\", there are fewer calories in the overall drink. In the case of Coke Zero, the calorie count is 0.75 calo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Entering the password twice while making an account | [
"You can't *see* the password you're typing, so entering it twice means it's less likely you entered it wrong when you set up the account. Of course, if you enter it wrong in exactly the same way twice, and then try to enter it correctly later, you won't be able to log in."
] | [
"It does not apply for all operating systems. Linux,as an example,only asks to reboot after a kernel update."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do they use a helium/oxygen mixture when scuba diving? Why not normal air? | [
"[To avoid the bends](_URL_0_): nitrogen from 'normal air' gets into the bloodstream at high pressures, but then bubbles out when pressure drops; helium doesn't have that problem, and, being a noble gas it's not reactive with other elements, so Helium doesn't have any other major health issues from breathing it, it... | [
"Nitrogen is inhaled and dissolved into our bloodstream, but as an inert gas it doesn't normally interact with our body chemistry the same way oxygen or \"poisonous\" gasses (like carbon monoxide, chlorine, etc) do. If your body is rapidly depressurized, the dissolved nitrogen can turn into bubbles in the bloodstre... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are so many youtube videos not available on mobile devices | [
"The licenses for the mobile and browser version are different I thought. To solve it just request the browser version instead of the mobile version."
] | [
"So, I've read a lot of the answers, most of them are saying similar things. Where does it save the vide on your computer? For example, if I have less than a GB of space left on my computer, why can I still watch a several-minute HD video on YouTube without running out of space?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If nothing can escape a black hole, how come there are two jets coming out of it? | [
"The polar jets associated with an active black hole aren't actually coming out of the black hole itself - they're formed by the accretion disk of matter falling towards the black hole. Some of that matter is accelerated and energised by the gravity of the black hole and blasted away from the accretion disk before ... | [
"Black holes don't emit light so we can't directly see them, but because they have lots of gravity, some objects get locked into orbit around them just like the earth orbits the sun. We know they're there because we see stuff orbiting around them with telescopes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are humans able to recognize attractiveness or 'cuteness' in another species? | [
"My guess is that attractiveness should correlate with fertility because that would help make the most babies. The traits we perceive as young are similar for other species too. Big eyes. Smoother skin. Good hair. Good health. In a good mood. Attractive dogs really have a lot in common with attractive humans."
] | [
"Humans are very social animals (i.e. social interactions are crucial to our survival), so we have lots of traits that exist only to act as signals in communication. As far as I know, we cry for the same reason we smile or raise our eyebrows - to signal our emotions to others. I have also heard about there being ph... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Animal behavior:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Animal behavior:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why sex offenders are required to "register" for the safety of their community, but not anyone else? | [
"The core of the idea is that we adults can defend ourselves from other dangerous adults, but our kids can't defend themselves from this specific kind of predator that preys on kids. The laws kind of get more and more extreme because no politician wants to stand up and champion the side of sex offenders."
] | [
"because they are not considered, or have produced a credible threat they are a danger to themselves or others. you are allowed to be crazy and not be hospitalized as long as you are safe"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do bags form under our eyes when we don't get enough sleep? | [
"It's because of gravity. When you're awake for a long time you're almost entirely in an upright position so gravity continuously pushes the retained fluids downward and it creates the bags. When you lay down facing up the fluid is then pushed into your body and travels to the air cavities where the body will do wh... | [
"There are a lot of nerves in our faces. Stimulating these nerves helps to keep you awake. This is why you see babies doing this a lot when they are tired and don't want to go to sleep yet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is it often only possible to focus on one eye when trying to look someone in the eyes | [
"Having two eyes never meant we were able to focus on two things simultaneously. Our sight converges on whatever it is we're focusing on, and the stereoscopy provides us with depth perception."
] | [
"Field of vision. When you look down or at something close to you, you lose perception and scope of the world around you. You can prove this by looking at your phone to read this on reddit while holding the phone in front of, say, your TV. It's nearly impossible to focus on both (this is also how cameras get field ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do peoples lives get ruined by a game like WoW? is this for real? | [
"People get addicted to the game, to the point that it badly affects their priorities. Have a college class? Nope, got a big raid! Need to go to work? Nah, I'll call in sick and gain some levels! There are plenty of examples in the exact thread you linked to."
] | [
"Here's what I learned from this thread: - Life wasn't really that good anyway - It's my own fault for not saving - My standards are higher than people back then - We have too many bills now - Women joined the workforce - The politicians did it - The jobs went overseas - Corporate executives are taking more money t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why Socialism is (supposedly) bad. | [
"No ELI5 explanation could capture all the complexities of socialist philosophy or economic theory, but much of the American backlash against it originates with a deep cultural aversion to being forced by the state to give up what you've earned for the benefit of those who have not earned it. Those who have not \"p... | [
"Small Population, High Tax Rate, Reasonably Successful Companies and Economy, and a Socialist System. Socialism isn't bad, its expensive but it also takes care of you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When a woman cries, why does it have a powerful effect on men? | [
"Human instinct makes us alert when we hear a high-pitched sound such as a woman crying, kids screaming or cries of a dying animal. It's similar to the \"fight or flight\" instinct and takes advantage of our muscle memory. The ears let the brain know something dangerous is afoot. The shot of adenaline makes us mor... | [
"You're disregarding the emotional side of sex that has to do with acceptance and affection. I'll answer the question with a question: Why does a hug feel better than just wrapping your own arms around yourself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Studies say that the human body is completely replaced every eight years. If this is true, how do tattoos stick around? Wouldn't they disappear? | [
"It's not entirely accurate to say that every cell in the body is replaced every 8 years. Some cells like heart cells and neurons seldom regenerate. Tattoos are injected into the layer below the epidermis, called the dermis, which is far more stable than the epidermis. I kinda just googled it..."
] | [
"When people get old their bodies break down, resulting in things like organ failure or dementia. This is what people usually refer to as death from old age. No, your body doesn't suddenly decide that it's been around long enough."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do some TV commercials last for a second or two before being cut off? | [
"If you are watching a national network (CNN, NBC, etc) they are most likely broadcast from a local station (like News 2 NBC). The local stations are allowed to put in local ads (like for a car dealership or restaurant) over the national ad running on the channel. If the national ad is 32 seconds and the local is o... | [
"Most advertisements aren't created specifically for YouTube: they are intended for TV spots. They are simply shoehorned into the YouTube videos without much planning, and sometimes the product name isn't included in the first five seconds. Your question raises an interesting point, however: as more and more advert... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does code/binary actually physically interact with hardware? | [
"Consider [this simple binary adding machine](_URL_0_) built out of wood. It performs computation by controlling how gravity affects the marbles' motion. A microprocessor is not much different on a physical level, but instead of marbles and gravity it's electrical charges and electromagnetism."
] | [
"> What is a CPU's core? A CPU core is one of the units within it that can perform operations in sequence. Two cores means that you can simultaneously have two different sets of operations carried out. Four cores means up to four distinct series of operations, etc. > What is a PCIE? PCIe slots are a standard slot ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Computer Science:"
} |
The difference between MI5 and MI6 | [
"The MI5 is the domestic intelligence service. They work on intelligence issues at home. MI6 is foreign intelligence and works abroad."
] | [
"Because all caps indicate acronyms and initialisms, for example, the USA, CIA, MIB, NFL, MLB, USPS, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How come when laying in bed, or sitting in a chair, a really comfortable position will become uncomfortable over time? | [
"Our body is wired to resist \"static positions\". Essentially, blood flow paths are \"imperfect\" and a static posture will allow for good flow in some paths and not great in others. We've got a good adaptation to this called PAIN which will encourage us to move a little to get the blood flowing. This is preferabl... | [
"On your back with a little hard pillow under your neck. That's the position that gives the ability to relax most of your muscles, and it's used for \"lying mediation\". But if you're not trained to sleep that way, it can be really really uncomfortable."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How come a confession isn't considered a strong enough basis for a prosecution after a mistrial ? | [
"The acquittal was valid. An acquittal doesn't mean 'You were found innocent', an acquittal means that you were found 'not guilty'. All that means is that the prosecution failed to prove that you were guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. As such, a subsequent confession doesn't override a previous criminal acquittal,... | [
"They hear the facts of the case...witness / victim testimony, physical evidence etc. Then vote on whether there is enough evidence to proceed to trial ....or indict , In a criminal case."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What's holding us back from truly photorealistic cgi? Lack of computing power or artistic skill? Both? | [
"I think we have both the computing power and the artistic skill. Conquering the uncanny valley is going to require a perfect understanding of exactly how we perceive the movements in a human face. It's taking the time to encode all the subtlety properly that's making it a non-profitable venture at the moment. But ... | [
"So a really cool technology called photogrammetry is being used a lot more often these days in media, where high quality pictures, images, and videos are being taken and the images are then converted to code, which shows up as a 3D model rendering. That's not the answer to your question though. Many talented artis... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it ok to smash pennies, but not deface currency? | [
"Burning a dollar bill is legal. It's not legal to deface currency with the intent of counterfeiting it or defrauding someone with it. Smashing a penny into a commemorative souvenir isn't either of those, so it's valid. Illegal would be tearing a $20 bill in half and trying to spend each half in two different store... | [
"Mints almost constantly print money. The average life-span of a dollar bill is like six months, when a bill gets too ragged, and assuming it makes it's way to a bank, the bank will take the ragged dollar bill and put it in a separate stack. After there are enough in the separate stack, the bank calls the Treasury ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What's the purpose of vote obfuscation on Reddit? | [
"Vote spammers will create dummy accounts to upvote or downvote whatever they want. When the system detects these fake accounts it doesn't delete them, it simply doesn't count their vote. To the account holder it looks like the vote worked, but on the backend it gets discarded. If the vote count was always 100% acc... | [
"Why are empty threads showing up on the front page? This makes no sense."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do prebuilt computers cost more then building one with the same specs. | [
"Same reason a pre cooked meal costs more than cooking an identical one yourself. That, and often times manufacturers will offer warranty/support beyond or outside of the hardware manufacturers warranty. They also pay for advertising, warehousing, supply chains, etc on top of the ones paid for by the equipment man... | [
"The problem is, that PC at that price is NOT a gaming PC. It has only integrated graphics for one. For 2 the second you upgrade the graphics you need a new powersupply and so on. That computer is basically the same as any $500 computer only it has a fancy case. Inside there is no difference between that and a barg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why is a man/boy required to lower the toilet seat? | [
"Here's an easy compromise: everyone put the LID down when you're done, because it looks nicer. Now it's not about who wins, because everyone has the same rules, and it is not about gender, it is about aesthetics :-)"
] | [
"I think because in public you dont want to accidentaly touch the fron of the toilet with your penis so they just removed the front"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do photoshoots like the "ESPN body issue" not have a ton of leaks yet the movie industry leaks a movie seemingly once a year. | [
"Perhaps you've heard the saying, \"Three may keep a Secret, if two of them are dead.\" - Benjamin Franklin In a photoshoot, only the photographer, and maybe a photo editor, occasionally someone in IT, will have the photos before they're sent to the magazine. Even then plenty of celebs have had photos leaked, or in... | [
"I assume you're talking about the Batman v Superman trailer. They've finished filming and probably finished editing too. They're advertising for the movie so early so people know it's coming. We probably won't get another trailer like this for at least 3 months but this early trailer just gets people excited. It l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
In this day in age with all the knowledge of how harmful it is, why would anyone choose to take up smoking? | [
"Humans are really bad about long-term risk assessment. Sure, smoking increases the odds of dying of cancer. But that's in the future! Right now it makes you feel better! Plenty of people do things that make no sense in the long run, but make sense short term, because humans often struggle with long-term thinking ... | [
"People weren't informed about the dangers of smoking, alcohol, and the sun."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Health and Lifestyle:"
} |
How do cities know how big to make the sewers for future growth? | [
"Cities usually makes plans further down the line. This is also why developers have to apply to the city planning commission before they build anything. If the utilities are not designed to handle the new development they will get denied and will have to wait for the utilities to be expanded. The city and developer... | [
"Usually it's because cities grow gradually over time, adding a neighborhood here and there. When the city was started, no one realized how big it was going to get! So they didn't plan a large enough border in advance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How did my first generation get the last name? | [
"It depends on your last name. Most often it either came from a job that your ancestor had, or another relationship that they had. Names like Smith, Carpenter, Hunter, etc. came from jobs. Names like Johnson literally meant \"this guy is John's son.\""
] | [
"Do you mean strictly Canadian or anyone with the title?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a medicine for lowering your body temperature work ? | [
"I assume you're referring to medications that help reduce fevers. They're called antipyretics, or at least they're medications with an antipyretic action. Our temperature is regulated by our hypothalamus. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to set the threshold for increasing our body temperature higher, effective... | [
"Do they both have side effects that include increased heart rate?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
In light of George Washington University dropping SAT and ACT admission requirements, what are the socioeconomic inequalities regarding standardized tests? How are minority groups adversely affected by the tests? | [
"I can tell you from the perspective of someone who was raised in a well-off environment that plenty of my peers would have done very poorly on their SATs if they hadn't spent a butt ton of money paying for tutors. Most of them wouldn't had gotten close to their college of choice w/o such personalized attention, wh... | [
"Asians make up around 6% of the US population but account for 20 - 40% of college students in America. As a result Asians are vastly over represented in Universities and thus don't need protection like other minorities which tend to be under represented. Many people look at how well Asians are doing in getting int... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Social Issues:"
} |
When people faint, do they wake up refreshed like from a nap, or tired, or something else entirely? | [
"Speaking from personal experience, fainting is kind of like accidentally falling asleep and then waking up confused, disoriented, unwell, and even more tired than you were before. Also, head injuries are far more likely especially if you faint while standing. What's interesting is that some people dream while they... | [
"Depends. What kind of waking up are you talking about? The one where you have no chance to go to sleep again (insomnia style) or more like waking up, realizing it’s still bed time, rolling to the side and going back to sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
My cat and dogs don't seem to flinch, why? | [
"They are used to your shit and aren't worried about being attacked."
] | [
"This depends entirely on the individual animal. Some dogs are scared of them, some want to play with them and some just don't give a crap."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How is the power divided between the Candadian monarch (Queen Elizabeth II) and the Governor General? | [
"The Queen has no power, she's just there for fun at this point. There are ceremonial and symbolic duties assigned to the monarchy, but the monarchy does not wield any actual power. The Governor General is appointed to act out those ceremonial and symbolic duties. Giving people medals, signing papers, standing behi... | [
"Every country has a Head of State and a Head of Government. The Head of State is the figurehead leader of the country. They're the ones on TV shaking hands with other leaders, making speeches, commanding the military, etc. The Head of Government does all the real work. They're in parliament/congress creating and d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
A car A/C blows the air into a car through a fan in the front. How does the air go out from the car? | [
"Car cabins are generally not airtight; there are dozens of holes throughout the cabin allowing the air to escape."
] | [
"It improves the cooling. The heater core is a unit just like the radiator, except that it's a fraction as big, and is mounted where air flows across it into the interior instead of out from under the hood. When you turn on the heat,you're basically giving the car a slightly bigger radiator."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do big dogs act like lap dogs while lap dogs tend to be so territorial and violent? | [
"Training. 100%. People with bigger dogs spend more time training, because if they don't their big dog will do big damage. Whereas small dog owners get away with less training because their small dogs are more annoying than destructive. That said, no dog should go untrained."
] | [
"Two reasons - the first being that most people don't feel the need to train smaller dogs since they're easier to just pick up and move around. A well trained dog will stop barking when you tell it to. The second reason is that some breeds are more aggressive than others. Most small dogs do tend to be aggressive, b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What's the deal with movie theater shootings? | [
"Like any mass shooting, they get tons of Media attention, inspiring the next round of mentally unwell individuals to become copycats. Combine that with virtually non existent security in movie theaters, and you've got an easy target full of people."
] | [
"We're not supposed to use our phones at gas stations?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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