query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What is "Thundersnow" and why would someone get so amped about it? | [
"It's when thunder/lightning occurs during a snow storm. To create lightning you need some really strong upper-air dynamics in place. Normally this is created by rapidly rising warmer air - like in a thunderstorm. In the winter, there is no warm air in place to rise and destabilize the atmosphere up where the cloud... | [
"I read this as \"What precautions does ISIS take during a meteor shower\" and thought of a lot of militants running around like it's the end of the world."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why are there so few aircraft remaining from World War II? Aircraft were built in quantities that are hard to comprehend, yet many models have vanished entirely. | [
"WW2 ended in a period of hyper-rapid aircraft development. New high tech fighters and bombers were practically obsolete by the time they were deployed. A new front line fighter type could be expected to serve for only a few years before it was obsolete. Old planes were surplus, a drain on resources, and after a fe... | [
"There are loads and loads of Roman Buildings that only lasted 50 years, or so. They're just not around any more. This is a kind of confirmation bias. *Of course* all Roman buildings we see lasted hundreds of years. That's why we can still see them. I imagine there are some modern buildings that could last a simila... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about History:"
} |
why do large indoor areas use one giant flat fan instead of a couple small fans? | [
"The purpose of those big fans is not to \"blow\" air on the people in the area. They are instead for [destratification](_URL_0_). When you have a building with a high ceiling you end up with very different temperatures on the floor vs. up at the ceiling. This causes a couple of problems. If your area is something... | [
"that there is still a fan in the base. Being in the base, in a housing, it is a fucted fan ans is more efficient because air isnt lost around the blade tips. From there, the air goes into the ring manifold and escapes through a slit inside the ring. This high velocity air lowers the pressure inside the ring and dr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When feminists shout about "patriarchy", what do they mean? | [
"From Google: > pa·tri·arch·y > > noun > A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line. > > A system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it. A society or community organiz... | [
"There is none, the group is so diverse in terms of beliefs that this cannot be defined. They all fly the banner of \"equality for women\" but they each have their own definition of how this equality is achieved and what this equality is. There is no feminist orthodoxy. As a whole, no one has any idea what the move... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are guns called M#, but have different names like M16, M4A1, M9, and even AR-15 if they're all made by different manufacturers, and sometimes describe the same gun? | [
"\"M\" is just the US military code for a small arms gun. Afterwards it is assigned a number, like \"M-14\". They don't care who makes it, it now is beholden to the military rules For example in other areas, \"F\" is fighter jets, as in F-16 and \"AGM\" is for air to ground missiles as in AGM-114 (better known as a... | [
"Veteran here: Really nothing. Military rifles are select-fire which means they have burst or fully-automatic modes. Civilian rifles only have semi-automatic modes. Otherwise they are exactly the same. (Technically civilians can own automatic weapons, too, but they require extremely expensive tax stamps and backgro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why do posts on here have to start with "ELI5"? | [
"Because people who subscribe to ELI5 have the posts peppered into the rest of their front page and feed, so seeing \"Why does a high gear produce less power than a low gear?\" in your feed along with r/askreddit and r/askscience might cause someone to give a very advanced answer without realizing that the post is ... | [
"Pure luck. EDIT: Wait a minute.. if you take off a 1/3 of your post description: > it's worked for me every time My god."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do men run the 110 meter hurdles while women run only 100 meters? | [
"Historically, the lengths of the hurdle events varied greatly for both men and women. The men's even settled into 10 hurdles and 110m, while the women did 8 over 80m. In the 1960s, they experimented with increasing the number of hurdles in the women's event to 10, and experimented with various distances. They sett... | [
"What's harder: to throw 10 balls at 20 mph or 1 ball at 200 mph?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What actually happens when you 'stand up too fast' (dizzy, blurry vision, shaky legs) | [
"Orthostatic Hypotension. Blood flow to brain will be reduced, when you suddenly stand up, due to gravity . You heart will pump in more blood to your brain and you will feel normal after some time. EDITED for grammar and clarity."
] | [
"It's from adrenalin, which is part of the fight or flight nervous system. (or sympathetic nervous system). Side effects of adrenalin include: shakes or tremors, sweating, nausea or butterflies in your stomach, dilated pupils (to let more light in to see better)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I like driving, and don't want self driving cars. Is my ability to drive in threat in the foreseeable future? | [
"Of course not. Driving, even when taken over generally by robotics and automation will always be available to hobbyists like minded to yourself. It may become a recreational thing but it will always be available."
] | [
"I suppose there would have to be sensors in the wheels to sense different road conditions. But even then, it is hard to imagine a computer driven car reacting to changing conditions during a blizzard or something like that. Personally I hope the whole self driving car for everyone doesn't become reality in my l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do I want to chew on my lips when they're chapped? | [
"It's dry. Your first reaction is to lick it wet. Then you feel the dry skin which then you unconsciously start chewing off. Not all people do it. Some people do it because of habit...like having a scab."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people sometimes find things more funny when they become tired? What is happening in the brain? | [
"When you don't get enough sleep it is a lot of stress for your brain. To protect itself from damage it releases endorphins (and other happiness hormones) to relax the body so that you finally give in and go to bed. After > 35h awake I start giggling uncontrollably like a little girl. So basically ...TL;DR: *you ge... | [
"It's not seeing someone in pain that's funny, it's seeing how they got there. Most of our lives are pretty pain and accident free. When something happens that goes against what normally happens it's very novel and we tend to think novel things are funny. That's basically how jokes work as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Psychology:"
} |
Why are smartphone screens made out of glass rather than tougher and shatter-proof plastic? | [
"Even the best polycarbonate will still scratch, and the scratches refract the light of the display. Glass is hard enough to resist scratching (pretty important on a touch screen device)"
] | [
"Honestly, most glasses aren't even made with glass anymore - just different types of plastics. Glass is heavier and less shatter-resistant than other materials which are more commonly used. And as mentioned already, there are anti-scratch coatings that you can get. Source: I'm in optometry school."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Technology:"
} |
What exactly is "static electricity", and can we harvest it? | [
"Static electricity is just what it sounds like. Electricity that's not \"moving\". Electrons build up on the edge of something, like a doorknob, and they jump over when you touch it. But there's no continuing flow, once they jump, they're done. So while there is actually a ton of voltage (~tens of thousands of vol... | [
"How do you intend to use the cool air to produce electricity? You can convert electrical energy into cool air easily enough, what efficient way is there to convert it back into electrical energy? Is is more efficient than other storage methods?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does wireless communication work? | [
"Wireless is made up of two parts - transmitter and receiver. In general, a better antennae for transmitting will also be better for receiving, which is why just changing antennae can make a big difference. When a device talks about signal strength, it's talking about the fastest it can both send and receive the in... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is the difference between Great Britain, UK and England? | [
"This is a very good video explaining the situation. _URL_0_"
] | [
"England is at the bottom, below Scotland and to the Right of Wales. It is one country. Great Britain and Britain are the same thing and mean the collection of England, Scotland and Wales. The UK is Britain plus Northern Ireland. The full name is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or for the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
} |
Why do nuclear reactions require uranium? | [
"Other atoms do work. Uranium-235 is a heavy atom that is almost unstable, and therefore easy to break apart to release energy. We use it because it is the easiest one to use. Edit - mixed up my 235 and 238. Kudos to Hiddencamper for the correction."
] | [
"In this case, uranium isn't that radioactive. First of all, its not highly enriched uranium. So most of it is the less radioactive kind. Secondly, even the more radioactive uranium isn't that radioactive. The fuel rods are safe to handle with some protective equipment. As for mining, uranium ore isn't that much m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do chicken eggs get fertilized if they're in a shell? | [
"[Looks like someone needs to rewatch The Magic Schoolbus!](_URL_0_) TL;DW: The egg is encased in a shell *after* it's fertilized, not *before*."
] | [
"The eggs are not fertilized. A hen and a rooster have to have sex for the egg to be fertilized. If that happens, the egg that is laid can turn into a rooster. Factory farms don't have any roosters in (at least, not on purpose. Sometimes they miss one) The egg never began the process of turning into a chicken. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How exactly did celebs like Jennifer Lawrence get their phones hacked and their photos stolen? Is anyone with a smartphone vulnerable? | [
"I read that someone hacked their cloud storage accounts. If that is the case then \"hacked\" probably isn't the right term. Someone correctly guessed their password. As for if we're all vulnerable.....anything you store online behind a password is susceptible to exposure like this. Sleep tight!"
] | [
"If someone is in public, they are fair game. The Paparazzi could camp outside your house and follow you down to the mall shooting photos all the way. Photograph you through the window of the restaurant with your date. They don't do this, because they can make far more per photo by doing this to a celebrity instead... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do presidents seem to dissappear from politics after their term ends? | [
"US President is the highest office in the nation. Once you've been President, you can command many thousands of dollars in speaking fees, you can open your library, you can publish your memoirs and make more money, you receive a pension of $200,000 per year - why would you want to stay in politics? Anyways, they d... | [
"Under the [Former Presidents Act](_URL_0_) they get a pension of $203,700 per year for the rest of their lives. Not that they need it. Most former presidents get paid a lot to speak at events. They usually help their party out by drumming up support for the candidates that come after. They also assist in the cons... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the difference between Agnostic and Atheism? | [
"Gnosticism is a claim of knowledge. I know things for certain if I am a gnostic. If I am agnostic, I admit I don't have a solid basis for my knowledge, but feel it is correct. Theism is the belief in a god. Theists believe there is one. Atheists aren't convinced there is one. Antitheists are the ones who say god ... | [
"Can someone explain the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer's, please?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does dust stick to things that are in motion? ie: ceiling fans | [
"Becasuse of the way the blades work, they push air down. As it pushes down and strikes a surface (like the floor) it then pushes out, hits a wall, goes up, hits the ceiling and then moves back towards the fan. You'd think it would continue like this, but there is a bit of a low pressure zone above the fan, where n... | [
"For the same reason the birds and kites soar. The smoke floats on the air. Given enough time, the smoke will fall to the floor. Check out the carpeting in a smokers house compared to a non smoker. Look at dust particles floating in sunlight. Then check the dust that has settled on the surfaces in a room."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Court room sketch artists: First, do they draw super fast or have great memories? Second, is there any good reason to use them in a world with compact, silent, discreet cameras? | [
"Some courts (or at least cases) have a no camera policy. I think a lot of the reason they still use sketch artists is more about tradition than anything else though. I'm sure they draw fast (by definition sketching is loose and quick) but also, a lot of courtroom sketches are not really too accurate. More a loose ... | [
"There was a very brief period from the invention of cameras to the invention of photoshop where you could have good proof that someone existed. Other than that, not so much."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is it impossible to isolate a magnetic pole? | [
"ELI5 attempt at an answer/counterquestion: can you isolate one end of a piece of string? You can cut off the end of the string, but the new, smaller piece now also has two ends."
] | [
"Different elements have different strengths of magnetism. But also, I think you can mix the material with carbon to \"dilute\" it. I could be wrong, but here's an answer until a scientist enters the thread."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why can't humans target where we lose weight? | [
"Fat can and does fuel the muscles, which is why it's easy to trick people into thinking your new workout video will target belly fat. If the ab muscles are using fat for energy, it would make the most sense they would use the fat that's right there. The thing is, though, the muscles don't have access to the fat st... | [
"They do. That's how they know how to regulate the temperature."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do so many religions forbid masturbation? | [
"Religions wanted as many followers as they could have, so they wanted their followers to have as many children as they could. They used guilt and shame to make people think the only time people should have sexual release is only when it was intended to make a baby."
] | [
"Are you referring to *forced* marriages or *arranged* marriages? They have different connotations."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do post menopausal women still desire sex even though they can no longer produce offspring? | [
"Because sex still feels good. Why stop? Hell, it's *better* because you don't have to worry about unwanted pregnancies. That, and a lot of hormones don't always stop just because they're not needed anymore. You may consciously know you can't have children, your ovaries may be aware that you can't have children, bu... | [
"Because if sex is not pleasant for them, the men are much less likely to ejaculate into their vaginas."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did the US and Canada, two countries with similar colonial and geographic backgrounds, end up so different in terms of political cultures? | [
"Their colonial backgrounds aren't very similar at all. Canada didn't become functionally independent from the British Parliament until 1931, and not entirely so until 1982. Predictably, Canada's political culture is much more similar to Britain's. Not to mention that many of the United States' founders were specif... | [
"Would you be willing no elaborate on what you mean by \"standard European model\"? In the past century or so, there have been quite a few significant changes in how states and governments around the world, organized and equipped themselves for the business of organized violence."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
ELI: 5 why do I lose my eye sight when I get a head rush? | [
"That \"head rush\" is caused by a sudden drop in blood pressure. It takes a moment for your circulatory system to adjust to having your blood redistributed more to your legs when you stand, and sometimes it can't keep up quickly enough. The loss of vision is caused by a temporary reduction of oxygen to the visual ... | [
"Slightly offtopic, but why do my eyes leak when I yawn?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do I need to pee more when I've been drinking alcohol? | [
"Alcohol blocks the signal that tells your kidneys to retain water. Without the signal, you pee out more water than you normally would. This is also why you get a hang over. You're dehydrated."
] | [
"It can be a sign of diabetes but it can also be a sign of dehydration. Drink more water for a few days and see if it goes away. Or it could just mean you've eaten too much sugar, even if you're not diabetic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How are cranes assembled? | [
"Well, usually you do have another crane, but let's imagine that you don't. I don't think that they use other cranes to build them anyway. For the record, I am not an expert in construction, but these are all ideas that seem feasible. If you want to build it vertically, you can use [scaffolding](_URL_0_) around it ... | [
"Step 1: Contractor comes and collects them. Step 2: Material is either autoclaved and incinerated or simply incinerated. Step 3: Resulting material is formed into hot dog shapes and sold to tourists on 5th Ave."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If the flu mutates so rapidly, why do we experience similar symptoms every time we get it? | [
"Not all parts of the virus mutate at the same rate. The parts necessary to keep the virus functioning are going to be conserved from one generation to the next. Other parts are more free to change, because there may be some flexibility in the way the virus uses them. The proteins used to attach to host cells and g... | [
"There are many different strains of flu, and they have to build up a large amount of vaccines in time for the winter flu season, so they have to try to predict which strains are going to be the important ones. They do this by watching the flu season in the other hemisphere, watching the trends and try to properly ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Medical:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Medical:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is there coconut oil AND coconut water? | [
"Coconut water is as you've said; it's the liquid inside the cavity of the coconut. Coconut oil is pressed from the coconut meat (the white, edible stuff). Just as you're capable of secreting water and producing oil, so to can coconut."
] | [
"The stuff you get out of the coconut is called coconut water, not coconut milk. It's not called a \"juice\" because there's no processing - it's just there. Coconut milk is a combination of that and coconut pulp."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we have a debt ceiling when it continues to get raised | [
"Your instincts are right. It has been described as the political version of the playground game \"Stop Hitting Yourself.\" _URL_0_"
] | [
"Because a large enough group of politicians believe that raising the minimum wage at all is bad for the economy, so they make sure it can't be raised. Allowing it to automatically be raised is even more egregious to them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How exactly does pain medicine taken by way of pill know where to target in our bodies to relieve the pain? | [
"it works on your brain, not the area of your body that’s in pain. it affects our PERCEPTION of pain."
] | [
"Psychoactive chemicals react with receptors in your brain and cause processes which produce pleasure. As a matter of fact, drinking does make you happier."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why were my student loans just suddenly paid off? | [
"A friend recently had the same experience. His loan was sold to some company. It definitely wasn't magically paid off by the government, so alert them to the error or you may end up owing more money down the line."
] | [
"Look, man, pay your student loans. If you can only afford $5 a month, send them $5 each and every month to stay current. At some point, they will want income verification, but if you keep sending them whatever you can afford you won't go into default. Even though they are not calling you every day, they still wan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the launch price for the Nintendo Switch nearly $100 more for Australian buyers? Even converting the US price to AUD equals $394 D: | [
"There may be extra costs involved for Nintendo. The price of importing a product is more complex than simply the sales tax the consumer pays. Besides import duties there is some one-time safety/legal obstacles to be cleared and if they expect to sell fewer in Australia, the cost of meeting their laws/requirements ... | [
"Its not the same for all countries. Prices are set to whatever the publishers think people will pay. In the UK, for example, games come on the market at £30 to £40 which is $46 to $61 (according to Google currency converter) and they drop in price much faster. In the US games are $50 to $60 (before tax). Its all d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is the difference between Sunni's and Shiites | [
"Sunni and Shia are two denominations of Islam. They split up from each other a long time ago because they disagreed on who should lead Islam when the founder, Muhammad, died. Because of this they have different religious leaders, writings, and philosophies."
] | [
"There are plenty of \"denominations\" of Islam: _URL_0_ Thinking that there are only Sunni and Shia is sort of like thinking Christianity only has Catholic and Protestant."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Would a small kitten, having been taken away from it's mother at birth AND never seeing a mouse before, still try to eat it? | [
"Instincts are basically genetic memories of what to do. My dog, when she was a puppy only a few weeks old, would be at the end of a hallway and try to 'stalk' us. She would get low to the ground, and walk really slowly trying to sneak up on her toys or us playing with her. No one taught her how to do that she just... | [
"Most animals have the instinct to rely on larger creatures (usually their parents) to survive. Partially because they are not ready to defend themselves yet. Baby birds can't fly away, baby cats don't have the strength to attack, etc. If you raise the animal from birth, it will think of you as a family member, but... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do you need a PhD to teach a technical subject (engineering)? Why? | [
"I teach part-time at a local university. I have a Master's degree, but if I ever wanted to be full-time, I would need a PhD. There is a reason for that. Universities are still first research institutions, and second teaching environments. That role is heavily debated, and for good reason. But that is the current ... | [
"Undergrad means you haven’t finished your Bachelors degree yet (the first 4-5 years). Then you become a Graduate student when you start on your master’s or PhD or specialty school."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
how/why is suspension with pay a form of punishment? | [
"It's not a punishment. Suspension with pay is what you do when there's evidence something's up (so you can't let the person keep working), but nothing is proven yet (so it would be unfair to take their wages)."
] | [
"b/c they are not reliable and the results are not admissible in court, so that would be a waste of time/money."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does the Boston bomb suspect afford such high end defense? | [
"because she wants to. read her wiki and law page, she doesn't believe in the death penalty so she fights for people to not die for their crimes"
] | [
"They spend a lot of money on fancy, expensive equipment."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Technology:"
} |
how to read basic phonetic symbols so I can pronounce stuff correctly from sites like _URL_0_ | [
"You're really asking for something that could never be condensed into an ELI5 type format, and I realize wikipedia isn't the best source, but there really is a whole lot of useful information and charts here to explain how it works and how to read the symbols: _URL_0_"
] | [
"there is no eli5 for this if you like podcasts and history : _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about History:"
} |
Why is space exploration so important that we spend billions of dollars on it. | [
"It's the future, and whichever country/group of countries has the greatest understanding and control of space technology will have a massive competitive advantage in countless fields. But putting all strategic reasons aside, it's just the most awesome human endeavour, and worthy of investment in its own right, jus... | [
"It is because there's no real scientific gain in sending more manned missions to the moon. It is incredibly expensive and a risky endeavour that doesn't yield much gain. The Apollo missions costs over $100 Billion in today's dollars to run."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do things get quieter when I yawn? | [
"Pressure changes make it harder for the hairs in your ear to pick up vibrations. Also you have a muscle near your ear and jaw that is for cutting down the sound of chewing that you hear. When you yawn your flex this muscle which also dampens noise. Unrelated but some people have the ability to flex this muscle, a... | [
"Do you know how a fan works? If so just turn it around"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes the satisfying "pop" in our ears after we yawn from being sick or dropping altitudes? | [
"The uncomfortable feeling that makes you want to yawn is a difference in pressure between your outer ear and your middle ear, which are separated from each other by your eardrum. The act of yawning opens up the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the mouth and nose. This allows the pressure in the ea... | [
"This is called \"Orthostatic Hypotension\". Most people have it in some degree or another, and some even faint. Tall people usually get the worst of it. It happens when your blood pools in your legs and doesn't go back to the brain fast enough, starving it of that precious oxygen. It can also happen while having b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Can you generously explain what Stem Cell is (likeimfive)? | [
"1. Stem cells are cells that become like other cells you put them with. If you put a heart cell with kidney cells, it remains a heart cell; if you put a stem cell with kidney cells it becomes a kidney cell. They are produced when you are created and become less common after birth. 2. The benefits are that they hel... | [
"It's effectively a bleaching process. Came across this: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Evolutionarily, what is the purpose of toenails on humans? | [
"If you'll notice, our evolutionary cousins, the Great Apes, also have toenails. Even old world monkeys have toenails. In fact, it seems that most non-human primates have nails. So this actually answers part of your question: the purpose of toenails is not human-specific. More on the evolutionary function of nails ... | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do people develop cultural preferences? | [
"Not a sociology major or anything of the sort; but I would wager that if you were brought up in a fairly normal north American household, you've been exposed to massive amounts of subtle and overt marketing over the years that generally appeals to the largest demographic, white people. You've simply adapted the mi... | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does alcohol disinfect a wound or a given object? | [
"Great question actually! Alchohol has a denaturalising effect on cell proteins. Bacterial cells are made differerent from ours, so with the right concentration in water (70% is considered ideal), the alcohol penetrates into the bacteria and only attacks our outer layers which turn hard and prevent further damage."... | [
"It has antibiotics which can help kill bacteria so your body doesn't have to. It also has jells, which act as a sort of band-aid, preventing dirt and other bacteria from getting in. The net effect is your body has less to fight off during the healing process."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Microbiology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Microbiology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
how are police sketches made? | [
"A witness will sit down with a forensic sketch artist. The artist, typically, will have a binder or book full of different noses, eyes, etc. and the witness will go through picking which are best. If alterations need to be made the witness does their best to describe it to the artist."
] | [
"contractors look at the drawings. They bid on work. Then they build according to the blueprints. Do you have a more specific question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is it possible to communicate wirelessly using Light instead of radio frequency? | [
"Light and radiowaves are both forms of electromagnetic radiation. They can both be used to transmit information, Fibre optic cables, your infrared remote on the television and many other technologies use light as the communication medium."
] | [
"What exactly do you refers to as RF devices? Is it Radio Frequency? If that is the case Bluetooth would be included as it is a Radio Communication."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What would prevent the U.S. Military from a coup on the U.S.? | [
"Military officers rotate often, this is on purpose. It develops a broad base of experience and it prevents a \"cult of personality\" from developing. We also have a relatively top-heavy force structure which would make it more difficult. If one General wants to take over, he has to convince a lot of other generals... | [
"Yes, federal law enforcement agents could waltz in & arrest everyone. Currently, the president has issued an order prohibiting them from doing so Theoretically, that could be revoked at any time or when the next president comes into office."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
when my phone or computer freezes what's happening 'behind the scenes'? | [
"It's stuck in a loop. It's so busy doing the same thing over and over again that it no longer updates the screen or checks for input. The loop condition may be caused by a flaw in the software or maybe the memory got corrupted by overheating, for instance. Either way it may stay that way forever if you don't turn ... | [
"So basically, your phone may shut off its components, but like a computer motherboard, there is a little battery *specifically* used to keep time even when the phone or iPod is powered off. So, yeah. What kind of iPod do you have by the way? I have a 4th gen touch, and it does not keep track when it dies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
what/who the tea partiers are | [
"[Tea Party](_URL_1_) Top comments [here](_URL_0_) and [here](_URL_2_) are good"
] | [
"it's a cult it's bad because it hurts people"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Religion and Crime:"
} |
House Republicans passed HR368 so that they could go to conference. What does it mean to go to conference? (video reference included) | [
"It means to send a bill to a conference committee composed of representatives and senators so that they can hammer out the differences between the two versions of the text and reach an eventual compromise that both houses will accept. I can't watch the video at the moment, so I'm not sure of the exact context, bu... | [
"Basically: Two groups of people have to give it an OK, then the President has to give it an OK. ------------------------------ The House of Representatives (House) and the Senate (Senate) have to pass the same law. After they pass the law the President has to sign it. But the President can choose not to sign it. I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
the pre-digital printing process, how did they produce copies of books back in the day? | [
"[The Printing Press](_URL_0_). Think of it like a giant stamp. That's essentially it."
] | [
"It's complex and also involves a lot of what has survived over the years as well as ideas about the purpose and function of artwork. Take a look at the Fayum Mummy Portraits if you want good examples of realism way before the Renaissance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is it so hard to stop peeing after I've started? | [
"the muscle responsible for stopping your pee is weak basically, your penis doesn't even lift. do you even kegel?"
] | [
"Go see a doctor. You might have a urinary tract infection (UTI). You shouldn't have burning or pressure when you urinate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do cruise ships not tip over? | [
"Essentially it stays upright by the same principles as [this guy](_URL_0_). Vast oversimplification, but you get the idea."
] | [
"Because they are there to make you slow down, not to catch you speeding."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does the province system of Canada work? Are they similar to states in the US? | [
"In the US each state has a governor while the equivalent position is a Premier in Canada. The US has a lower house of Congressmen/women while Canadas lower house has Members of Parliment (MPs), their numbers are representational of population, 1 congressman per district and 1 MP per riding. Both canada and us have... | [
"All republics are democracies, but not all democracies are republics. Therefore, anyone who says that the United States is a republic but not a democracy is just incorrect. The United States is a republic because the head of state and the head of government is based on the people's choice and not appointment or in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
If the law of conversation of energy dictates that no energy can ever get lost then where did it come from in the first place? | [
"Nobody knows. We're still trying to figure out what crazy shit went down in the Big Bang. All we know is that there's energy now and it is conserved in the things we can observe."
] | [
"Energy in an isolated system cannot be created or destroyed. It can change location and form, but that is it. So the energy in an isolated system can change from potential energy to kinetic energy to thermal energy, but the energy is always there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How much is mathematical analysis actually useful for IT? | [
"It is very useful in *computer science* but rarely used in *applied information technology.* Universities usually teach you more theory than you will use on the job, in the hopes of giving you a more profound understanding and stronger thinking skills."
] | [
"Computer science is not graphic design. Computer science is not user experience design. Computer science is not even directly involved with the building of complex websites."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does this cell phone hologram work? | [
"It looks as though each opposite pair of images (on the phone's display) is a mirror of the other, and either filmed (or rendered, more likely) from a slightly different perspective. If your eyeballs are close enough to the reflecting apparatus, each eyeball gets a different \"version\" of the image, and your bra... | [
"If you encase your cellphone in a ziploc will you still be able to hear it ring inside? Waterproof does not mean soundproof."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why will old milk make you sick but cheese and yogurt are fine ? | [
"Most bad milk won't make you sick, it's just really nasty to drink. This is because most off the milk we drink is pasteurized there won't be alot of bacteria to make you sick."
] | [
"Pasteurization and ultra-pasteurization, or treating it with heat to kill bacteria. This gives it a longer shelf life. However it also kills good things in the milk, so I know to make cheese at home they don't recommend ultra- pasteurized milk. You'd be lacking some of the good bacteria needed to produce cheese.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The Fed announced they will likely be raising interest rates soon. What does this mean for people who are in the process of picking out a house to buy? | [
"Interest rates are likely to be higher than lower. The change is probably small, 0.25%, but you should expect that banks will pass the cost on to you. Much of the increase is already baked into estimates, so don't expect a square wave in rates the next day."
] | [
"The bank sends you money every month, depending on the terms you work out and based on what your house is worth. Then, the bank owns the house when the last person on the contract moves out or dies. Then they can sell it and get their money back. Hope that helps. And this isn't universal, but it's my general under... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do men's clothes have buttons on the right while women's clothes have buttons on the left? | [
"The general explanation for this is a few hundred years ago it was common for gentlemen to dress themselves while ladies would be dressed by others. Since right-handedness is by-far the dominant trait, the buttons would be on the right for a man, but on the left for a woman so that for a second woman facing the fi... | [
"Women's clothes change more because we have more to choose from. There are shirts, blouses, suits, skirts, dresses, pants, etc that we can choose from. Men get to basically wear the same style of clothes no matter what: pants and shirts. So, that's why. Most men don't care about being fashionable (as sexist as tha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does a surface-to-air missile (SAM) distinguish hostile aircrafts from friendly aircrafts? | [
"The typical SAM can't tell the difference between friendlies and hostiles. For systems where the SAM is guided from the ground, it's up to the operator to make that call."
] | [
"There are multiple types of tracking systems used for bombs and missiles. The most commonly used type in anti-air missiles is passive homing. This type of homing uses the infrared signature of a jet's engines to direct it to its target. Radar is also used in active homing and semi-active homing. Active homing is w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people spend so much money on Computer/gaming glasses? Couldn't you just buy a pair of sunglasses? Like with a yellow/orange/gold glass? Please explain what the difference is... ty :-) | [
"Iirc, computer glasses are built different to prevent glare and increase contrast, while also protecting your eyes from the Blue Light emitted from digital screen. They usually aren't darkened like sunglasses are, and sunglasses are made to protect from UV rather than Blue Light"
] | [
"Late to the party. If you don't wear glasses already, anti glare lenses will actually add a tiny amount of glare in. The anti glare coating only cuts down on the glare caused by spectacle lenses. So if you have no significant glasses prescription and therefore no need to wear glasses, a pair of glasses with anti g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is prostitution allowed in some countries, but not brothels? | [
"I think it's to ensure sex workers are doing it of their own free will...brothels can hide a lot of secrets like trafficked workers whose passports have been taken and live in fear each day and are therefore deterred from speaking out to authorities"
] | [
"Basically, the prostitute cannot be charged for prostitution, but the John can be charged for buying a prostitute. Of course there are other laws that make it near impossible for the prostitute to legally sell themselves, such as laws against procuring (a.k.a. pimping), operating or working in a brothel and solici... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Law and Legislation:"
} |
How they go about laying the foundation for an oil rig? | [
"Oil rigs aren't on a 'foundation'. They are an actual metal rig that sits on the existing ground. They will drill out a hole and cap it off with cement for later use after they have reached their desired depth. Think space shittle tracks. The big tracks they use to move around the large space equipment. Things are... | [
"Yes, but perhaps real estate is cheaper than the equipment needed to cover the entire land?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are some fields unionized while others are not? | [
"Some fields need it more than others. Some high skill fields are constantly in demand, so people in those fields don't really need to unionize to ensure they get fair pay and good benefits. Other fields are more easily replaced, however, so unions are more beneficial for them."
] | [
"Because trades aren't highly regarded in public perception. Despite the cat they can also be highly paying jobs they're not \"desirable\" and largely get ignored when discussing equality in the work force."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Where did Palestine come from? Does Israel predate Palestine? | [
"Israel was an independent state thousands of years ago, but was not a Jewish state after the diaspora in the centuries before the 1 century AD. Palestine became a state after the British and French (mostly) arbitrarily drew borders in the Middle East after WW1, despite the British promise to allow the Arabs self g... | [
"Because Google is American, and the US doesn't recognize Palestine as a nation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Is it truly worth paying more to go to a better College/University? | [
"I think this is going to 100% depend on what field you're going into. Figure one out, and run it by your parents (they'll have some input, but they'll always play it safe, like they'd probably want to push you into something that has a better career, like staying away from liberal arts degrees, etc). Then see if y... | [
"In the US, they're more or less synonymous in daily conversation, however a college specializes in a specific field, and a university is a collection of colleges. College of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, Engineering College, etc. Put a bunch of those together and you get a University."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it "acceptable" for senators to refuse to vote on a supreme court nominee when it is their job to do so? | [
"The Senate leadership gets to decide when votes are scheduled. They can legally choose to take the votes for the Supreme Court nominee and adjourn them without a set date. Whether it's *politically* acceptable is a totally different matter."
] | [
"He has. The Senate needs to confirm his appointment, Merrick Garland, in order for him to actually take the bench, though. The Senate refuses to hold hearings on his nomination, let alone bring it to a vote."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people sneeze differently? | [
"Practice...? I know in my case I did \"work\" at making myself NOT do those huge explosive sneezes. Most folks think I'm coughing when I sneeze."
] | [
"How do you know that you don't sneeze in your sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why is the unit of distance light 'year'? | [
"In addition to what others have said, all distances could be expressed as a measure of time if you assume a constant speed. So, if your highway speed is 70 miles per hour, you could say that a town 70 miles away is 1 highway hour away. We do not need to do so because miles (or kilometers) are intuitive to us, sinc... | [
"The units on both sides of the equation have to balance out. If mass is measured in kilograms and the speed of light is measured in meters per second then energy must be measured in kilogram meters^2 per second^2, which is indeed what a joule is. If you change the speed of light to miles per hour then you would ne... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does Spotify remain operational, when it loses hundreds of million each year? | [
"Technology companies are generally subject to different rules than normal companies in the sense that they get private investors who are willing to think long term. When you start a company intended to disrupt an existing industry it can take years to turn a profit. But when you finally do, you do so **bigtime**. ... | [
"Essentially, Music companies are fed up with people downloading their artists music for free and uploading them and monetizing them. YouTube are fed up with having music companies threaning to sue. To stop this happening, YouTube is going to make the music section a simple pay to listen sort of deal with the optio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does saying something in Latin make something sound more valid than when said in English? | [
"It's 'foreign,' and therefore exotic, something only people who had studied enough of whatever to know what they mean could use. Implies the user is smart. Same thing with French in Russia back in the...mid 1800s I believe? Additionally, due to the Latin (and sometimes Greek) name for a lot of stuff in science, it... | [
"It's all completely made up. That's as simple as it gets. When we talk about translating between languages it's really just looking at the same thing (like a tree) and finding out what word Chinese people made for it, etc. By the way, your name was completely made up too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Language and Translation:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Language and Translation:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is it that lots of smaller files take longer to copy than a smaller amount of large files? | [
"There is more to copying a file than just copying its content. The file system keeps a book of all of the files on the drive so this book must updated. If the book is indexed, there is an additional computatipn to calculate the new files index. If you have 1000 4kb files all of this has to be done 1000 times. IRL,... | [
"Another thing to consider... There is a direct relationship between the amount of compression (how small you can make it) and the amount of computing effort it takes. It's like packing a suitcase. You can carry a lot more stuff if you pack carefully rather than just dump stuff into it but it will take you a lot lo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can't I, the one in control of my brain, make myself forget bad memories? | [
"You're assuming you're in control of your brain. Who are *you* in this scenario? An invisible mind-creature floating in the center of yourself, working your limbs and mind like puppet appendages? No, you don't control your brain. You are brain. You are head. You are arms, legs, torso, hands, feet, genitals, butt. ... | [
"Because your brain expects the feeling. I believe its similar to why you can't tickle yourself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If blood is a biohazard, why are feminine hygiene products not thrown away in a more careful way? | [
"In a hospital setting it's treated as a biohazard because there is a much higher change that the owner of the blood is infected in some way (otherwise they wouldn't be in a hospital). Also, the blood isn't treated as a biohazard for the protection of the patients, it's more for the nurses and employees. They have ... | [
"They go through pathology to better understand the level of disease/damage, then they are disposed of as biological hazardous waste, which means they go to a special incinerator before being dumped."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Since water expands as it freezes, why will the ocean levels rise if the ice caps melt? | [
"The ice caps are holding a significant quantity of water, much of it above sea level. As they melt, the total volume of water released is less than the volume of the ice, but it is still a significant addition to the oceans."
] | [
"> Is it because the North Pole is seemingly much more contained and the effects are only see at its accompanying shorelines? The North Pole ice is floating in the water. Ice in water melting does not change sea levels, because it displaces as much water as ice as it will as more water. You can see this by making a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people say to "take a cold shower" when someone is horny? | [
"The male genitalia are outside the body because sperm production is best achieved at lower than normal body temperature. This ideal temperature is maintained by the relaxation and expansion of the scrotum when warm to increase cooling, and the constriction of the scrotum when cold to bring them closer to the body.... | [
"Because it helps to take your mind off of the embarrassing thought. I do that a lot when I'm hung over."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we forget our dreams after waking up? | [
"They aren't important to you. If you write them down or even mentally reevaluate them before you get out of bed or reorient yourself, you'll retain them better, but on a base level your brain prioritizes remembering real sense-data and clearing out or ignoring your \"imagination.\""
] | [
"What about the kind of DÉjà Vu where you dream something but don't remember dreaming it until it happens in real life? This happens often atleast monthly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Cognitive Science:"
} |
What is the appeal of professional wrestling? | [
"You need to remember that it's not a \"sport\" it's \"sports entertainment\". It's like a cross between ballet & a soap opera, that's targeted at pubescent & teen boys. Once you grow up with it, people tend to stick with it."
] | [
"There is no such thing as guilt by association in the USA."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Law and Entertainment:"
} |
How did the British empire fall? | [
"One could argue that it didn't. Relatively few of its territories actually broke away in the same manner as the Thirteen Colonies. It didn't so much fail or die as it evolved into a much looser affiliation of allied constitutional monarchies referred to as the Commonwealth."
] | [
"American Revolution had foreign support, Canadian rebels didn't."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about History:"
} |
why Universal Theme park has Marvel rides if Disney owns Marvel | [
"Because those rides and characters were purchased by Universal before Disney made deals with Marvel. Disney did not get the rights to those things when they got Marvel."
] | [
"Because movie rights are totally different from video game rights. marvel still owns the comic book rights and video game rights for all of their characters unlike the movie rights which are not all in marvel's hands."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can Verizon breach a contract, which they received $2.1 billion in tax breaks, and not face a lawsuit/penalty/sanction, but if I were to breach a contract (of a much lesser dollar amount) I would be sued with almost 100% surety? | [
"You can breach contracts all day long and face no penalty whatsoever, as long as the other party doesn't care enough to enforce the contract. Ignoring the possibility of legal jargon that got Verizon out legally, Verizon cares enough to enforce their contract with you, but the Commonwealth of PA doesn't care enoug... | [
"Usually you must sign a contract in order to be paid \"hush money\". If you blab, then you are violating the terms of the contact and you should be required to pay damages, as proscribed in the contract. Since the damages might be 10X the payment, this is unaffordable."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What is Diacetyl and how is it formed? | [
"Diacetyl is one of two chemical compounds that give butter it's characteristic flavor. It gets created as a byproduct during the fermentation of milk fat, i.e. butter. (It also can be produced synthetically.)"
] | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
. Why we cant print a load of money to end recessions? | [
"Let's say that you run a bakery and sell your bread for $5. You heard on the news that the government is printing a shitload more money, so now everyone is going to be loaded. Now that hobo down the street can afford to buy all of your bread because you still have it at $5 and you are missing out on profit. So now... | [
"What country? USA = End of the world Somalia = They won't even realize the power stopped working."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do my cats meow at me, but not at each other? | [
"Dogs understand that you are Not a Dog. Cats basically consider you a cat, and think you're *very dumb*. You can't hunt, you don't clean yourself, you ignore body language, and you don't fight back when they try to play fight."
] | [
"Cats are kinda jerks like that. They'll know their name, but just choose not to answer to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why don't I roll out of bed like I use to when I was little? | [
"Because now you know the world sucks. Ignorance is bliss."
] | [
"Now that you're 5, it's time to tell you the truth: you can open it all at once. We just didn't want you monkeying with it when you were younger."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The core principles of Immanuel Kant's philosphy. | [
"It generally covers the human perception of reality, that we are limited by our senses and our brains, and aren't really capable of perceiving or conceiving the 'true' nature of the universe. Human perception and instinct being flawed, he suggested that moral and aesthetic questions should be answered through reas... | [
"Atheism was still a crime punishable by death in Scotland, although he never publicly say said he was an atheism, but his philosophy was viewed as a philosophy of an atheist. Also in contexts of philosophy, one the most important work in philosophy Kant's Critque of Pure Reason was an repudiation of Hume."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is Apple allowed to sell their products worldwide at varying prices? | [
"First, there is no international law that dictates the amount of money a corporation, or an individual, can or must sell a product for. If I go to the local store in New York City, a Yankees Tee Shirt can cost anywhere from $7 from a street vendor to $25 at the Yankees store. But I saw one in Mexico for $3. Appl... | [
"The simplest explanation is, because they can. The price of things has nothing to do with how much it costs to make the thing; it has everything to do with mow much people will pay for it. The US is an affluent market where people have access to money, even if it's in the form of student loans. Indian customers, h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can't they use another colored background to project picture,video etc. other than green? | [
"They can. You can use any kind of solid colour, but usually green or blue is used because it stands out the most against human skin colour and against the colours of the clothes we generally wear."
] | [
"The picture doesn't emit light to hurt your eyes, it's just white/yellow where the sun is in the picture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can "foreign workers" be cheaper for corporations like Disney to employ? (Can/US) Minimum wage, labour laws, etc. don't decrease based on the worker's nationality, so why? | [
"A few reasons: 1) Lower wages. Sure you can't charge below minimum wage, but local workers have this tendency to want more than minimum wage, while people from poorer countries are more likely to be happy(er) with minimum wage 2) Benefits. Native workers are more likely to want/demand benefits: full-time work, hea... | [
"When employees depend on their employer to provide healthcare then they are much more likely to stay in a terrible job with abusive management. It's the same with foreign employees with a corporate sponsored work visa. Those employees will get kicked out of the country of they lose their job for whatever reason. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does doing your taxes mean? | [
"Well most people do withholding, which means the government takes a certain amount of money out of your paycheck every week/2 weeks, and then at the end of the year you have to go through your records and prove to them how much of that money they shouldn't have taken. If you get it wrong, they get to keep the rema... | [
"Is it legal? Yes. Is it smart? Double Yes. Why? Because no one can say they paid their rent without having proof."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's really happening when a liquid accidentally goes "down the wrong pipe"? | [
"You have a flap of skin at the top of your larynx called the epiglottis. When you're breathing, it's upright to allow air down your windpipe and into your lungs. When you're swallowing it's down to stop the food/liquid going into your lungs. When food 'goes down the wrong way' it means that your epiglottis was up ... | [
"If food is in your tummy when your body realizes it's poison, it goes out your mouth. If it's closer to your butt when it realizes it's poison, it goes out your butt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is space a vacuum? | [
"Because there's far, far more space than there is stuff to fill it. This is due to the fundamental forces of our universe (mostly gravity) which tend to make stuff attracted to stuff. That's why you see small (astronomically speaking) clumps of matter and energy (like a galaxy) surrounded by a vast, vast sea of ne... | [
"No, because space lacks an oxidizer to create combustion. For combustion to occur you need 3 things. Activation energy in the form of heat, Fuel in this case hydrogen, and an oxidizer like oxygen. Sadly there is not a whole lot of oxygen in the vacuum of space."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do Diesel engines sound totally different from gas engines? | [
"They ignite on compression alone which gives that knock sound, unlike a gas engine that uses spark plugs."
] | [
"Big trucks have Big engines. Big engines make lots of heat. All cars and trucks have a part called a Radiator. The Radiator is where all the heat from the Engine goes. The Radiator is put just inside the front of the Car or Truck so the air can take the heat away as the Car or Truck drives. Big Trucks have Big eng... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do 3d printers work? | [
"It's like frosting a cake. Except instead of frosting it's melted plastic. There's a robotic positioning system, RPS, that is able to be very precise with where it's putting the frosting, I mean plastic. The plastic hardens quickly enough that it can be layered on top of itself. So, instead of just drawing on a ca... | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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