query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do we make that "ahhhh" sound after drinking something hot or refreshing? | [
"Just a supposition here: When you drink something GOOD, you take multiple gulps in a row. While doing it, you don't breathe. The \"ahhhh\" comes out of the deeper/longer exhale after that \"apnea\". It may also be an evolutionary behaviour; a way of signalizing your peers that the water is fresh and satisfying (si... | [
"The coffee thing baffles me. It's not necessarily cold that's bad, because ice-coffee is tolerable. It's the room temperature that's repulsive. Probably has to do with expectations. PS- ever drink a soda after eating an ice-cream? same let down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Language and culture:"
} |
Why don't public fountains get clogged with all of the coins people throw in there for good luck? | [
"The community or other person responsible for the functioning of the fountain employs someone to fish them out."
] | [
"Some people might collect it, but the main reason they do it is the same reason they put cartoon characters on cereal boxes. It draws attention to the product on the shelf."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are human senses so underdeveloped comparing to every other animals species? | [
"This is simply not true. We have senses that are far better than many animals, and many animals have senses better than ours. Animals have evolved to utilize different senses to different degrees. Our vision, for instance, may not be as good as an eagle's, but it's no slouch in the animal kingdom."
] | [
"I mean a lizard could potential evolve to have the intelligence of humans too. You have to remember, we are just animals too. Theres really nothing different between us, monkeys, and even fish for all that matter at a very basic level. Any species of animal with enough time could potentially evolve to have human ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it whenever a PC "freezes" or stutters during a game it repeats the same sound over and over again? | [
"The hardware that produces sound has a small amount of memory that holds the sound that it is currently playing. It is the job of the operating system to continuously update that memory with the latest sounds to play. Once the operating system freezes it no longer updates that memory nor does it tell the sound har... | [
"A side question that I don't want to create another topic for. Why will a youtube video play and then abruptly end with a ton of time left to go?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do we stop crying automatically from physical pain as we grow older? | [
"From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense. When you're a child, making noise when you're injured will alert your parents of a problem that they might be able to fix. But once you're self-sufficient, crying will only alert predators to your presence or scare away your prey."
] | [
"I think it has more to do with psychology than physiology: adventure is more important to children than comfort. Our priorities shift as we get older."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why can I never get out of bed in the morning, even if I've had a good night's sleep? | [
"There are various causes, but I'd link them to one of three: 1. You may have some type of sleeping issue/disorder, whether it's something like needing a better mattress/pillow or your posture or sleep apnea. Something like sleep apnea is very serious and definitely affects your ability to be rested as well as your... | [
"If you're not tired, and you feel refreshed when you wake up, you are probably OK. Not everyone needs the same amount of sleep."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
Why aren't trees in dense forest areas buried half way up the trunk from all the soil dead plants and leaves make? | [
"* The mass from the leaves comes, in part, from the soil. The leaves later become soil, round and round. * The leaves compact down a fair bit. Imagine a big pile of leaves, now dry them, shred them and squash them all down. You'll get a surprisingly small amount. * Decomposing lets some of the mass escape as gas.... | [
"> Like if I put a load of plates on the grass in my back garden, how would they end up underground in thousands of years? Weeds grow up around them, snaking tendrils of roots and such over them. You would likely see this in a single summer. Weeds die, are replaced by new weeds, until the plates are under a thick c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why would ISIS kidnap North Koreans? | [
"Just because the buffalo and the lion hate the elephant, doesn't mean the lion won't try and eat the buffalo. ISIS views anyone who doesn't subscribe to their version of Islam as an enemy - North Koreans included."
] | [
"What do you want to hear more about? The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? The Israel vs. Palestine situation? The Arab Spring? The recent attacks on US embassies?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the 'circlejerk' subreddit all about? | [
"There are certain trends on Reddit that garner a lot of upvotes. /r/circlejerk mocks these trends and by extension, reddit. They make intentionally stupid posts to parody common reddit attitudes."
] | [
"To indicate that it made it high in reddit's ranking system despite not being a post from a default subreddit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do "mints" and companies that make special edition coins not run afoul of counterfeiting laws? | [
"They're explicitly labeled as not being legal tender, even if it's just in microscopic text on the bottom of the screen. It's not counterfeiting if you flat out deny that what you're creating is actually money."
] | [
"The website owners themselves aren't the ones selling things. They are simply a marketplace for other people to sell things. Also, for Aliexpress, they're based in China and the Chinese government often looks the other way when it comes to infringing on American copyrights and trademarks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What do people on reddit mean by "Cake Day"? | [
"Your \"cake day\" is the birthday of your account. On that day a small cake will appear next to you account name... hence the name."
] | [
"/u/CptBuck on Belly Dancing, \"The Streets of Cairo\" and late 19th century world fairs will probably interest you: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it suggested not to eat a lot right before bed? | [
"Multiple reasons. For one, you enter an energy saving state when you sleep. Your body repairs itself and conserves energy, so eating before bed can lead to weight gain. Another would be sleeping position. A large part of digestion is gravity pulling the food down. Things get caught up in the stomach when you lay ... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why are Americans frequently labeling socialism as un-American when FDR's socialist New Deal programs helped solve the depression in the 1930s? | [
"The American left would certainly make the argument that the New Deal demonstrates that we shouldn't be so scared of socialism. The right would reply that the New Deal didn't actually end the Depression. FDR has a rather complicated legacy in American politics, which that just scratches the surface of."
] | [
"It's a Great Depression era thing. When FDR was elected in 1933, he used the term in his radio address to the nation. In 1933, things were really bad, and FDR was elected president on a platform of making things better, and fast. During FDR's first 100 days in office he pushed through a lot of legislation and pol... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is porn more censored than violence ? | [
"The US has a significant religious population, the main religion of which, considers sexuality and nudity as being inherently negative or inappropriate in any other context outside of heterosexual sex in the missionary position for the sole purpose of procreation."
] | [
"Scientology isn't as popular as they want you to think it is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Religion and Crime:"
} |
why do you get tears sometimes when you yawn | [
"Cause you're compressing your face thus squeezing your tear ducts which causes them to then excrete some tears? Question mark due to knowing basic anatomy and phys and not having reviewed in awhile, just a guess on my part. I am not an expert."
] | [
"I have had the same happen to me but after a day at the beach, when i go to bed i can still \"feel\" the waves moving me around. Any one else?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is marijuana illegal? (no bullshit please) | [
"Simple politics. The largest voting segment is old people. Younger people and poor people tend not to vote. Old middle class people is where the votes are. Old people also tend to be conservative. Pot smokers are a minority at the opposite end of the political spectrum. Old people consider pot smokers to be counte... | [
"What's the big deal if I have nothing to hide? (Legit question. I don't know.)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do people do that funky text that goes straight up and screws up websites? | [
"Y̧͎͌ͭ̎ͣ̿̀o̸̧̺͚͉̪ͪͫ̆̿̓̍̅ͩ̂u̷̡̙͍͚̭͉̹̜̪̾̂̉ͣ̏͆ ̤̺̳̼̥͒̓̌̆̀̚͜͠m͇̟̿̃̄̉ͥͦ͐̀͠ë̝̦͓̗̰͕ͯͣͣa̸̺͔̹̱̾ͣn̵̺͈̹̠̼̭͖̯̜̍͑̈͜ ̧̮̙ͤ̏̾̐́t̺̳̬ͨ̍̀h̪̯̳͍̟̹͎͇̄̉̐̕͢i̻̮͓̗̻͉̱̻ͪ̐̔ͩͬs̵̡̱̩̟̳̠͛̆̐͂̚ ̦͖̙̗̲̫͍̭ͭͯͣ̋̒̑̌́̚͢s̭̞̪̪͈͚̲͈̑̋ͪͬ̎̆̉͂͟͡t̢̢̙͖̱̻̗̫̅͆u̶͓̫̥̬̓ͩ͆f͈̣̫ͭ͑͆̎͐͡f͖̻̟͎̱̙̤͓ͦ͝ͅ?͖̰̣ͦ̇͝ͅ It's called zalgo, there's a generator for it"
] | [
"And why do guys write so tiny that the smallest mistake makes the word illegible?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that batteries don't go dead when you connect their ends with wire? | [
"The point is, resistance isn't around zero. A battery might have 2500mAh capacity at 1.5V. The battery itself has a resistance of about 0.2 ohms. A wire connecting both terminals might have about 0.002 ohms. According to Ohm's law, this setup will draw around 7.5 amps, or 7500mA. A 2500mAh battery can deliver 2500... | [
"There is less chance that it will accidentally be connected to the hot side. One cable will be connected first. That one will never spark. The next connection may spark as the battery begins to charge. It might surprise you. There are always variables to what you should do. If you ground somewhere else the connect... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How are coding programs coded? | [
"They use another programming language to code up that one. And they use another language to make *that* one. And it goes on further and further back, until at some point they're writing the first text based programming language by putting punch cards in a machine. But what reads the punch cards? Go further back an... | [
"Do you have any programming experience at all?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
If a fever is the body response to an infection or regular illness, why does the body sometimes overheat to near fatal consequences? | [
"Fever and inflammation are some of the body's more primitive responses to infection. Evolution has not eliminated them because they work. However, like almost any cure, they can go too far. In evolutionary terms it's a balancing act -- you want a body that reacts quite strongly but not *too* strongly. Unfortunatel... | [
"Where I'm from it's recommended not to take any medicine that lowers fever, except if you go above 40C (104F). The explanation is that the fever is beneficial for you to a certain extent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do Muslim women bear the heat of wearing a hijab or a burqa? | [
"I asked the same question until I hiked the Grand Canyon in June. It's better to have your body covered & slightly hot than uncovered and cooking in UV radiation. Everyone in our group had long sleeves and head covering. Look at the average temperature for a July day in Yuma, Arizona. Then look at the 2007 movie [... | [
"Burqa is what the Taliban forced Afghan women into wearing, it's basically a huge sheet with a cap sewn in the middle and mesh at eye level to see out of. Hijab in general is just a headscarf. If you see a Muslim women wearing a headscarf with otherwise normal western outfit then she's wearing a hijab. Niqab is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
There are definitely exceptions to this, but I was talking to a friend recently and we noticed that the phrases "Momma's boy" and "Daddy's girl" are a lot more common than "Momma's girl" and "Daddy's boy". What makes a child more likely to bond to the parent of the opposite sex? | [
"I think you're reading the inference of the phrases incorrectly. The phrases exist because they are exceptions to the norm. A Daddy's Girl is called that because it is worth remarking on(and vice versa) it being assumed that most children latch on to the parent of the same sex, therefore the phrases show a differe... | [
"Yes, gender can be recognized by children that young, but you can't always be sure what they mean by a given word, especially when their vocabulary is so small. My daughter when she was a similar age called her mother, myself, her grandmother and her grandfather all 'Mommy'. To her it just meant adult/parent etc. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why did television show seasons use to have 20-24 episodes, while most seasons nowadays contain 10-13 episodes? | [
"I suspect you're comparing major network shows, which still typically have 20-24 episodes, with the more recent influx of popular shows from other sources: HBO and other premium channels, Hulu/Netflix/Amazon/etc, and BBC imports. The major network shows stick to their format because network programming is really ... | [
"There are definitely shows like Daredevil with varying lengths for episodes, ranging from 48 to 61 minutes each. So some shows will indeed take whatever amount of time they need to tell their story on Netflix."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why you have to pay the BBC for your TV Licence to watch programmes on ITV, CH4 etc. | [
"Because they are all part of the same funding pool. The obviously don't know what station you are watching at any given time, so there is no way to make that distinction, or somehow split profits based on what percentage you watch one over the other. > Are there any other situations that occur where you have to... | [
"They want you to subscribe to the TV channel, not be able to watch for free online."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is the blue I see even slightly different than the blue you see? | [
"This is a good question! This is pretty much impossible to know or disprove because the colors we see is subjective to the processing of the brain. But yeah I guess it would be slightly different depending on age or other physical differences within the eye. Also we cannot describe the \"blue\" we see because ther... | [
"The photo is poorly exposed, but there's not enough context to tell whether it's overexposed or underexposed. To me, it looks like it's white and gold, but with a shadow cast over it. To others it looks like a washed out photo of a blue and black dress. You perceive it differently depending on which correction you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When at elevated altitude i have to breath faster due to low air pressure. Why can i not hold my breath noticeably longer while scuba diving where the air is pressurized and for the same volume contains more oxygen? | [
"because the sensation that you need to breath comes from a buildup of C02 in the blood, not a lack of oxygen. You can't blow off the c02 any faster in a high pressure environment than in a normal pressure one."
] | [
"There are fish living in the deepest parts of the ocean: the pressure in and around them is equalised i.e. they are not resisting the pressure. We humans can't handle that pressure because we are air-breathers, and the air needs to be in the range we can breath. If you compress air it becomes denser and harder to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:"
} |
Doesn't feminism mean that chivalry has to be dead? | [
"I think you have it in your head that respect and courtesy have no place in an equal relationship. (You certainly don't mean Chivalry as /u/Mr-Magnus has defined...). I can be respectful and courteous to my wife and my female friends without making them subservient. Agreeing to pay for a date, or opening a door fo... | [
"Because anything \"feminine\" is considered degrading to men. Sexism hurts men too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Do dogs have object permanence? | [
"Yes, dogs have object permanence. This is proven by the fact that if you throw a ball which goes out of sight, they will hunt for it instead of simply accepting that it no longer exists. Dogs act so excited because they are incredibly social creatures. They also tend to get pretty bored when left alone. Throw in ... | [
"Dogs can certainly hear music, and dogs have been demonstrated to recognize songs. For example, you could easily train your dog to respond to a specific song with food reinforcement. So...yes, they perceive it, remember it and recognize it. Do they have the same sort of emotional, social and cultural associations ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the legal justification for open container alcohol violations besides cops just wanting to write tickets? | [
"TIL, through reading OP's comments to answers and such to his post, that OP is bitter for getting a citation for breaking the law. Stop being a baby, OP, and just suck it up."
] | [
"> How are DUI checkpoints legal in California? Because they either stop every car, or every *n*th car, to prevent illegal profiling. > Especially when people get ticketed/arrested for things not related to DUI's at the checkpoints. e.g. suspended license, drugs, seatbelt violations I'm not sure why you think tha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do pianos lack a black key for E# and B#? | [
"A sharp note is just a note a half-step above the root note. F is a half step above E, therefore it's E#, but it's known as F, so we just call it F."
] | [
"The musical scale that western music created included 12 pitches per octave, 7 of which are included in the major and minor scales. We needed to name those 7 notes, so they used A-G. Then they made the C scale the one that included all natural notes, and added sharps and flats to name the notes in the other scales... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come when you speed up sound it comes out really squeaky, but when you slow it down, it sounds very deep? | [
"Sounds are vibrations. The faster the vibration, the higher the pitch. (And the larger the vibration the louder the noise). So speeding it up increases the vibration rate making a higher pitch and slowing it down decreases the vibration, lowing the pitch."
] | [
"I think it's because you blow the air much faster with the fwoo sound, it comes out like wind so it seems cooler or does cool down. Try breathing out very slow while making the fwoo shape, it comes out warmer. Not sure if I'm right though but it made sense when I thought it up"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
What are the advantages of a duodecimal system ? Would it be worth to change the way we usually count ? | [
"The main advantage is that 2 and 3 are factors of twelve. That means that 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, and 1/9 can all be expressed with a finite number of \"decimal\" digits. It also means if you have \"10\" dollars, it can be split evenly 2, 3, 4, or 6 ways. By comparison, in base 10, only 1/2, 1/4, 1/5, and 1/8 hav... | [
"Well, there *are* other numbering systems, although most are traditional and considered by most people to be outdated (e.g. Roman numerals, traditional Chinese numbering, etc.). Regardless, I think it boils down to two reasons. First, it's easy to learn. Unlike language, math laws are the same across cultures, and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some cats look completely different from both parents and siblings? | [
"Female cats often mate with more than one tomcat - and it's common in this situation to have kittens in the same litter which have different fathers. The mother is the same (obviously) but they can and do look very different from their siblings and from what you might have thought the father was."
] | [
"They don't. You just can't tell them apart as easily because you aren't familiar with them. Let's say you have a golden retriever dog. You can probably see the difference between different golden retrievers, because you're used to seeing them, but all black cats still look the same to you. This applies with humans... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:"
} |
Lagrange Points L4, and L5, they continue to elude me. | [
"I think a they're easier to visualize this way. Lagrange points are all at [inflection points in the curves](_URL_0_). L3 if shifted to either side wouldn't have balanced effects from the satellite on the opposite side of the orbit. It might be easier to conceptualize L4 and L5 points on a binary system (they'd be... | [
"Prograde = moving more in direction of travel Retrograde = moving against the direction of travel Most commonly use is space things and orbital mechanics."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does Snowden need to seek political asylum in the first place? | [
"He broke the law by displaying classified info, also he violated his freely taken oath that come with getting a top secret security clearance. He would be arrested and questions if he returns to the US."
] | [
"The US hasn't done anything, it was the Swedish that wanted to charge him with rape. Assange is being investigated by the US but the US doesn't have any charges to press right now. As for why any country hasn't forced Ecuador to give him up? Because what are they going to do? Attack the embassy? Enact embargoes? W... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
If one were to jump into water while being completely covered in a hydrophobic coating, what would happen? | [
"Doesn't change your density. You would still sink, or float, as you normally would in water. Objects, lik cellphones, coated in hydrophobic coating still drop to the bottom of a tank of water; they just stay dry doing it. You would stay dry, and this would probably keep you more insulated against cold water than w... | [
"Air will be sucked from your lungs, leading to asphyxiation and thus death. Bubbles may form in your blood which could be dangerous should you somehow have air to breathe. Exposed liquids such as saliva and the moisture on your eye may boil. But otherwise, the body is surprisingly tolerant of a vacuum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do Edge (2G) seems absolutly useless now ? | [
"Most websites are way 'heavier' now and use more bandwidth. Back when 2G was popular, mobile websites were designed in such a way to work with 2G."
] | [
"It's still doing things even if you're not using it .. connecting to cell towers, searching for new towers if the current one is going out of range, searching for WiFi if you have it enabled, downloading updates, etc etc. It has a mind of it's own and does things even if it's just sitting in your pocket."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do we capitalize "I" when we write in the first person singular. Why is a lower case "i" not acceptable? | [
"So far as I can tell, no one knows for sure. But the explanation given by the [New York Times](_URL_2_) seems to be the one that crops up most commonly. Up until around 1300, the word used to refer to yourself was \"ich\" or perhaps \"ic\". The final letters gradually started being dropped as the language changed,... | [
"Because \"his\" is the male possessive for \"him,\" while \"her\" is the female possessive for \"her.\" It's irregular."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What's with the daily mass earthworm suicide on my driveway? | [
"They try to take advantage of the cool, wet morning conditions to surface and cover longer distances. Once the sun heats up they burrow back under the topsoil before they dry out. Back in the day this was a good strategy to spread the worm population far and wide, but now they often find themselves stuck on paveme... | [
"I need this as well. I wake up to a nice sunny morning in Australia and there are pitch forks and torches on reddit front page."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
The usage of Coefficient Variation? | [
"Are you talking about the statistical Coefficient of Variation? If so, it is simply the ratio of the population standard deviation to the mean. It is useful for comparing the spread of different populations where the means are quite different, or the units of measurement are different."
] | [
"MR is Memory Recall MC is Memory Clear M+ is Memory add M- is Memory subtract Think of them like the Copy and Paste for the Calculator."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
what are the different kind of milks? | [
"The percent is about the amount of milkfat remaining. Whole milk stars with about 3-5% milkfat, depending on the breed of cow. Usually it's around 4%. 2% obviously has 2% milkfat remaining, and skim is almost no fat. edit: meant 3-5%, not 3-6%"
] | [
"It helps to have easy access to wheat, rice or corn - the basic building blocks of...or never mind :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What are DNA, genes, and chromosomes and where are they located in the cells? | [
"Okay, so here's the breakdown: DNA is the building block of the other two. It is comprised of a double helix of four possible base chemicals attached to a backbone. A \"gene\" is a sequence of DNA that provides instructions to make a protein or a bit of other material. A chromosome is one incredibly long molecule ... | [
"DNA: A chain like molecule made of four different kinds of molecules (Nucleotides). The sequence of these different nucleotides works like a code. Gene: A section of the DNA that can be \"transcribed\" into an RNA. A gene starts with something called a promotor. That is a specific sequence of nucleotides that enz... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about biology:"
} |
the webgame industry | [
"> How do webgames make money? Advertising & microtransactions are the two big ones."
] | [
"for: all the data against: fossil fuel interests"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why aren't gangs considered to be domestic terrorists (U.S.)? | [
"They don't carry out missions. You don't enter their territory - they leave you alone. They have no ideological basis for their violence, unlike terrorists. They are in it for power and money."
] | [
"Organized Crime: Would be like trying to run a gun, drug, sex, slave, etc. type of business. We're organized because we need a profit. There are people to pay. They want money. Terrorism: This is something like people blowing up an abortion clinic, bombing an airplane, etc. They are not financially motivated at a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do governments choose to privatise and outsources public services? | [
"If you're well off, paying for those services yourself would mean you pay less than the taxes you pay to fund them because our taxes are set up so that the rich pay more, since they can. The entire point of this is to make sure that even the poor can receive basic services. If you don't give a fuck about anyone bu... | [
"Due to pressure from creditors, they are going to lay off gov't workers, reduce public work salary, pension benefits, raise taxes, and privatize some gov't functions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Is there an explanation for when you're watching a movie you've already seen 20 times and then all of the sudden you come across a scene you have no recollection of at all? | [
"Sometimes when movies are broadcast on TV they add in scenes that were cut from the theatrical release."
] | [
"I think it might be different for everyone. At least for me, there are some songs that I instantly love and simply listen the hell out of them, most of the time until it bores me. There are other songs, however, that I'll listen to them the first time and think, meh...and the more I listen to it the more I like i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does high blood glucose cause nerve damage? | [
"The endothelial cells lining the blood vessels take in more glucose than normal, forming more glycoproteins on their surface than usual. This causes the basement membrane (which separates the vessels from underlying tissue) to grow thicker and weaker. The walls of the vessels become thicker and weaker than normal,... | [
"It leads to many health complications such as high blood pressure and diabetes..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How would a blind person hallucinate on a psychedelic drug? | [
"They would still experience all the non-visual effects such as time dilation, euphoria, strange physical sensations, possibly auditory hallucinations. If they had not been blind all their lives, they might possibly still have some type of visual hallucinations (i.e. neurons firing the brain so that they thought th... | [
"Because it is not very advantageous to spontaneously hallucinate while awake without having asked for it ."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Psychology:"
} |
Why are we encouraged to brush our teeth at night before we go to bed, and in the morning after we wake up? I mean, we're not eating in the middle of the night when we're sleeping... | [
"You may not be eating but the bacteria in your mouth are eating and pooping all night. You want to clean off what they accomplished overnight."
] | [
"The time of the day doesn't really matter. What matters is that you wash your face before you rest. When you're out and about you're more likely to get stuff on your face that's not great for it. If you wash your face and then get a bunch of stuff on it, that will make the washing less effective. Therefore, it's b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What makes people allergic to certain things? | [
"There are a bunch of hypotheses but it doesn't look like there is a straightforward answer....genetics, environment, up-bringing, environment in the womb, repeated exposure....all these things could play a factor in making someone react to a foreign, but harmless protein."
] | [
"It usually doesn’t. Can you be more specific? Most of the time, allergies get progressively worse the more times someone is exposed to the allergen"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can my eyes smoothly follow an object in motion, but when there is no object to follow (like staring at a wall), my eyes skip focus from point to point? | [
"We have evolved a specific tracking system for our eyes, [smooth pursuit](_URL_0_) for tracking moving objects. A component of smooth pursuit is feedback from the optical system to the brain, to allow it to predict the movement we are tracking. Without that feedback (that is to say, without the moving object) most... | [
"Look up \"wagon wheel effect (it's 2 a.m. local and I'm too lazy to source) Basically, the \"spokes\" on the hubcap are slightly offset from when our eyes last saw them (because it takes time for our eyes to register each position), giving the impression the wheel is spinning backwards. You can get a similar effe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that dash lights in a car seem to last forever, and normal light bulbs "burn out" after a period of time? | [
"Okay, well the brightness of a filament bulb depends on the size of the filament and how much voltage you shove through it. The more voltage you run through a filament, the hotter it gets, the more light it produces, and the more fragile it is and shorter the lifespan. Dashboard bulbs run less voltage than normal ... | [
"Thermocycling affects the life of the filament in bulbs. Every time you turn on and off a bulb the energy pushed through the filaments weakens it. If you have a bulb that always stays on and a bulb that you turn on and off every day, the bulb that always remains on will last much longer. I have bulbs that I never ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Electrical engineering:"
} |
Why is bullying all of the sudden a hot-button national issue? | [
"It's mostly because of Cyberbullying. I'm currently in secondary school (highschool I think) and we spend about one class a week learning about it."
] | [
"It wasn't resolved. It just stopped being something that drew in viewers on news programs. Over 60,000 Americans die from drug overdoses every year still. There are also some politics that come into play, which is part of the reason why it stopped being in the spotlight as much. But it's still very much an ongoing... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does a shot in the heart = absolute immediate death? | [
"The death isn't immediate - what you're seeing in a movie is just that - just a movie. Until the brain is starved of oxygen and eventually shuts down, you'd still be alive."
] | [
"They don't; you're thinking of a different kind of battery."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are car insurance companies allowed to charge based on age and gender? | [
"Because statistically men under the age of 25 are the most likely to get into an accident. A young driver is inexperienced and that can cause them to make stupid decisions that get them into crashes. Young men are generally more reckless then young women. This means that young men are more likely to get into an ac... | [
"Pricing is based on statistical data gathered for each ZIP code (postal areas). It includes (and I'm sure I'll forget some things) the current value of vehicles involved, the statistics of that specific vehicle being involved in collisions (My Mini was cheaper to insure than my Mazda, even though the mini was a mo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do "they" calculate how many jobs were gained or lost in the economy? | [
"[The Bureau of Labor Statistics does monthly surveys.](_URL_0_) Their sample is a data set of 147,000 businesses, and they rotate about 55k of those each year. Initially, they do phone interviews, and after a few months let firms self report. Since the IRS gets a nearly-complete set of that data as part of tax col... | [
"Not a huge strain. The total cost to the country is about $182 Billion per year, a bit under 1% of our annual productivity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How was it decided which word represents each letter in the military alphabet? | [
"From [Wikipedia - ](_URL_1_)The ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) developed this system in the 1950s... The final choice of code words for the letters of the alphabet and for the digits was made after hundreds of thousands of comprehension tests involving 31 nationalities. The qualifying feature was... | [
"The names those symbols are based on are Latin, not English. If you look up the latin name for the element, the symbols make sense"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How is Apple Pay or Samsung Pay Safer Than Using a Credit Card? | [
"Unlike a mag stripe, wireless phone payment methods do not send your actual card number to the payment system, they send a one-time, cryptographically generated token instead. This means, even if the vendor stores the transaction in their computers, the information is useless after the transaction is complete. Sim... | [
"Question 1: Am I a celebrity? * Yes: Move onto question 2 * No: Who gives a shit about you? Question 2: Do I like to look terrific in photographs? * Yes: Move onto question 3 * No: Use your iPhone for nude selfies Question 3: Do I mind being raped? * Yes: Call Annie Leibovitz * No: Terry's your man!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why can both heat and cold be used to treat pain? What are the differences between their effects? | [
"Cold causes blood vessels to constrict, so cold is usually used in immediate injuries to help prevent excessive swelling. Less swelling means less pressure on the area which can lessen pain. Cold can also have a numbing effect on nerves to dull the pain. Heat on the other hand causes blood vessels to expand, incre... | [
"Some reduce inflammation which helps relieve pain, and some block pain receptors in your cells, so you don’t feel the pain. Different drugs perform different chemical actions that help with pain in different ways."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are most/all sniper rifles bolt action? Why can't they use a semi-automatic mechanism like most other weapons? | [
"I could be wrong on this, but the bolt action rifle would minimize extraneous movement that might alter the trajectory of the bullet. Remember that even small fractions of a degree might be the difference between a hit and a miss, so it's important to keep everything as still as possible. In a semi-automatic mecha... | [
"This is actually different from country to country, as specific laws can vary as to how guns are classified. Here is a broad set of guidelines, though: * Rifle: Gun with a shoulder stock firing a full-power rifle caliber round * Assault Rifle: Gun with a shoulder stock firing an intermediate-power rifle caliber ro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If radiation exposure causes cancer, why do they use it to treat cancer patients? Won't it just guarantee they will develop more cancer in the future? | [
"Radiation exposure damages cells, including their DNA. Cells with damaged DNA can become cancerous because the damage can cause them to replicate uncontrollably, which is what a cancer is. But enough radiation exposure will kill a cell outright, including those which are already cancerous. So doctors administer ra... | [
"Because people live long enough to get cancer. The more and more your cells divide, the greater your chances of getting cancer, so as people don't die in their 50s of heart attacks, they get cancer in their 70s. Also, several types of cancer are way down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do college campuses support fast wifi speeds across a huge area and among so many people? | [
"Massive numbers of access point relays, routers, and switches. A given access point can handle 5-10 people at decent speeds and it is hardline wired to a router or switch that can handle 10-30 access points. These are then connected to the main servers of the campus which in turn connect the campus internet main l... | [
"Into paying those additional teachers, hiring larger staff, building and operating more buildings, providing more services to students, providing more utilities such as wireless internet to students, and many other things."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Will Google Chrome In Cognito mode protect my IT admins from viewing my browsing history at work? | [
"No. It even says so on the page it opens. > Going incognito doesn't affect the behavior of other people, servers, or software. Think of it this way. In order for Person A to talk to Person C, they must pass the message through Person B. Person B reads every message they get, and makes a copy of it to store in a g... | [
"For shared computers. You want to make sure you are signed in on your own account, not your roommates (for example) because of your saved payment and shipping information."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do lipids have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions? | [
"well depends on the lipid. i assume your talking about phospholipids in the cell membrane. the hydrophobic region (on the inside) acts as a protective barrier between the inner and outer cell-so that everything within the extracellular fluid can't just seep right into the cell. In layman's terms the cell can \"sel... | [
"Proteins are made up of amino acids. There are several different types of amino acids with different charges. (some are positive, some are negative, some are neutral) It’s the interaction of these amino acids that causes the protein to fold. Think positive amino acids are attracted to negative amino acids and nega... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do automated ice makers work? | [
"Water goes into a tray and freezes, turning into ice. The tray then empties into a large container. Water goes into empty tray and forms more ice. Repeat until you have lots of ice. Press button or open container for ice stockpile."
] | [
"IoT just means objects that usually aren't connected to the Internet, now being connected to them. Such as: light bulbs, thermostats, garage doors, TV cable boxes, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do we still allow older people to drive, and not retake a driving test? | [
"Because they are a powerful voting bloc, and no politician is going to lose their support by suggesting laws that make old people's lives harder."
] | [
"There are other things you can't do because of your age. Running for certain government offices, renting a car, just to name a couple."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Law:"
} |
Why do you feel a bad taste in your mouth when you drink water after eating pineapple? | [
"I can't really comment on the taste of water after pineapple, but I can say pineapple contains the same chemical you find in meat tenderizer. I once bought a cheap ass cut of beef and marinaded it in pineapple juice, and forgot about it for a week. When I finally got to it to cook it, the meat had dissolved into a... | [
"Pour a bunch of sugar on a piece of paper. Put the sugar and paper in your mouth and chew it. Once you don't taste any more sugar, spit the paper out. Do you think you just consumed some calories even though you didn't eat any paper? The answer is yes. Same concept applies to gum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how come there are no primates in Europe or North America compared to Africa,Asia and South America? | [
"There are. Barbary macaques in Gibraltar and howler monkeys are in southern Mexico/Yucatan. From the fossil record they used to be more extensive in Europe and North America but climate change caused the destruction of their habitat. North America wasn't connected to South America yet and the surviving ones were i... | [
"There are. Many species of monkey are indigenous to Mexico and Central America. None in the US or Canada, however."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How Does Guitar Pricing Work? | [
"Im an adept guitar player, and i can honestly say no two guitars sound the same, while close they are unique. That guitar i believe is a hollow body, i have the same type different brand, they generally have a a brighter sound. What determines the price is how nice does it sound, brand, size, distance from fret to... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Whenever I hold my nose and blow out to pop my ears, what is actually happening? | [
"What happens is that air pressure from your mouth wants to be equal to the pressure that is in your ear, so some air goes from your mouth through small canals into your ears and the pressure rises. This is also done (but backwards) when you are in an airplane and you \"yawn\" to make that weird feeling go away in ... | [
"I have found that breathing in through my nose and out through my mouth helps with car sickness, is there a reason why?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health and wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health and wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
There are rumors that scientists have found definitive proof of gravity waves. Why is this a huge deal? | [
"Gravitation is then not a phenomenon transmitting instantaneously, but also travels with lightspeed."
] | [
"There currently is no known answer to these questions. There are a bunch of theories, but scientifically, we know little to nothing of the moment of the big bang and anything that may have happened before it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If I don't consume more calories than what is recommended for my height/weight/age but eat junk food like pizza etc. is it still unhealthy? | [
"With the right toppings, pizza could supply you with everything your body needs, but if it's only ham and cheese, you'll eventually be lacking some important nutrients and develop nasty conditions like scurvy. A more immdiate problem is that \"eating the right amount of calories, just in the form of junk food\" is... | [
"Yes, if someone eats 2000 calories and does nothing, and someone else eats 2200 calories and then exercises to burn off 200, the amount of calories is the same. Calorie wise, the food you eat doesn't matter. 2000 calories of vegetables (a *lot* of vegetables) is the same as 2000 calories of a McDonald's meal (muc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If you can get the same degree from any college, why does it matter which college you go to? | [
"You're paying for 3 main things in my opinion. The quality of the educator. Your professors at a lower tier school may just know how to regurgitate the information they know back at you where a top tier school will have you being taught by professors and doctoral candidates who are currently contributing to the fi... | [
"Requiring a payment at the time of application prevents people from spamming universities with applications without any intent of going to school there. The more expensive the school, the higher the application fee generally. I believe the general mindset is that if you can't afford the fee, you can't afford to at... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does part 15 of the FCC Rules demand that the device accept any interference received, including [when it] may cause undesired operation? | [
"That doesn't mean you can't shield it. It means you have to live with whatever gets through, and can't complain to the FCC about interference (other than malicious interference, which is a crime anyway). If the device isn't working right with interference, it's a design flaw of the device, not the fault of whoever... | [
"Motors with brushes have some arcing associated with them. The arcing emits a very wide range of frequencies which can interfere with any consumer radio system. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is Adobe Flash regarded as 'obsolete'? How are people going to replace it? | [
"Flash has a lot of \"legacy code.\" Legacy code is code from older versions that is kept for backwards compatibility. Flash has been around (and under multiple companies) since 1995, which means it was through a lot of changes as the web changed. This stuff is useless for 99.9999% of the web... and since it's so l... | [
"If you remember the Internet 5-10 years ago, most of the fancy multimedia sites and games were made in Flash, which meant you had to download a separate plugin to view them. As a viewer, It meant you were at the mercy of Macromedia/Adobe if there were security holes. You also can't view Flash content on smartphone... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Something I don't understand about the anti-vaccine movement. Why is potential autism worse than measels, mumps, polio, smallpox, etc? | [
"Nobody (or very few people) in the US know anyone who died to one of those diseases. Autism is real and present. Many parents don't want to believe that random fate has left their child autistic, so blaming someone feels good. So when confronted with the vague threat of diseases people don't even see anymore, ve... | [
"Sure. When you vaccinate children, they don't die of easily preventable childhood diseases. Dead children are never diagnosed with autism."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What happens when I have trouble repeating a series of movement I've done often years ago with open eyes, but are able to execute the movement (even if with bad form) without having to stop to think after closing my eyes? | [
"I'm not expert nor am I credible, but I imagine a good explanation for the phenomenon could be the \"aid\" of visual stimuli is subconsciously distracting you from the thoughts of those moves. Without the vision of your surroundings, I imagine you're probably able to picture what was done those years ago a lot bet... | [
"It appears to be not so much that people do not have the muscles to do it, but lack the practice. They do not know how to trigger the nerves to move those muscles. It's similar to the trick where you wriggle your ears up and down. It's a matter of practicing and experimenting until you figure out how to do it, an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:"
} |
How come obese people don't have strong leg muscles | [
"They do. An example being in a P.E class I took over the summer. Had a 200 - 230 pounds guy in there, who could bench/lift/squat what have you about three times as much as me, and him never having lifted a weight in his life. (Not saying I lift weights, just an example, I weigh a fraction of his weight)"
] | [
"You'd quickly build up enough muscle that the weights don't bother you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why hydraulic? Also how does the water seal work? | [
"A pump is a motor. The advantage of hydraulics is the motor (pump) doesn't need to be right where the force is needed or connected with a rigid structure. You can route the force anywhere you can route a hydraulic line."
] | [
"By using electricity from the solar panels to power up the hydraulics and compact trash? That seems like a pretty reasonable explanation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What is grass? Is each blade a plant? Does this mean a field is thousands of individual plants or one big plant? | [
"Each blade is a leaf. Grass plant can have many leaves. So no not every blade is a different plant"
] | [
"Each spot is its own colony of mould arising from a single organism which are distributed randomly across the surface of the food. It ends up being a carpet of mould with lots of colonies all growing together over time. To get an even coverage, the organism would have to be evenly spread across the surface right f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How most animals get older even though cells "reproduce"? | [
"We get old because we are programmed to. From an evolutionary perspective, a species can only adapt to its environment over time if the old generation dies and makes way for the new generation after reproducing. A species in which the older generation never aged and died wouldn't be able to evolve; the environment... | [
"This is a ELI5 explanation, it's more technical, but contains the good bits. Radiation damages your DNA (anything's DNA, not just humans). Most of the time, this just kills the cell. If it happens while the cells are dividing, this is really bad, because your new cells will be damaged and always produce damaged ce... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
what causes someone to develop a strong connection to someone, and what causes sadness/being hurt when rejected by the person. | [
"imagine you were building a house from bricks, whole bunch of bricks, some small, some large, altogether they make up the house...now imagine you remove one of the large bricks. if it's a foundational brick the whole house might fall apart and need to be rebuilt, if it's just part of the facade it will none the le... | [
"* a breakup often results in hard feelings and recriminations, that can lead to arguments even after the relationship * if one person still desires a relations but the other doesn't, being with that person can be painful * much of the chemistry the led to a relationship in the first place is still there, and it is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does army have to march instead of just walking normally? | [
"If they don't all keep the same pace, they will fall out of step, and the line of march will become what you see when kindergarten children walk in a group to the park. Also it trains and reinforces discipline generally."
] | [
"whats the point of hospitals if we are all going to die anyway"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do modern Game Consoles (i.e: Xbox One) seem to have less games than their predecessors (i.e: Xbox 360) despite having the same game companies? | [
"If you look at big publishers, they're moving their focus to making money via their new term \"live services\" (so to them, you'd ideally play destiny 2 for 10 years, constantly giving them money through their own currency). EA made $4 Billion last year just from \"live services\" eclipsing what they make from gam... | [
"It's sales and adoption have been terrible. The original Wii was released in late 2006. By 2010, it had 70 million worldwide sales of the console. Source - _URL_0_ In comparison, the Wii U has been out since 2012, and in the same time period only has 14 million units shipped. Compare that with its competition like... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How can areas in the middle of tectonic plates still have large mountains? | [
"It's nowhere near a plate boundary *at the moment*. However, the Wesh mountain ranges were formed by tectonic activity, just a long time in the past. [This](_URL_0_) article is the best I've found on the subject in my (very brief) search for sources."
] | [
"The Atlantic ocean is on two tectonic plates which is divided north to south down the middle known as the mid-Atlantic ridge. This plate boundary is divergent which means the plates are moving away from each other with molten rock creating new sea bed at the boundary. When these tectonic plates run into the contin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are race relations so tense in the USA even 152 years after slaves were freed? | [
"Because it wasn't just \"well, you're free. No problems now.\". There were, and still are, a variety of racial problems. There are still racist people, racist policies, racist tendencies in all sorts of places."
] | [
"Because that's how representative democracy has worked and it's how every major international trade agreement has been negotiated in the last 200 years."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
what would ACTUALLY happen if you were ejected from an airlock into outer space without a space suit on? | [
"You would suffocate because there is no air to breathe. However, even if you're rescued slightly before dying, you are still really messed up. If you don't close your eyes, the water in your eyes will start to boil due to the difference in pressure so your eyes will dry out. Same thing for the saliva in your mouth... | [
"Fighter jets are air breathing. There is no air in space. For the same reason, there's no sonic boom in space either."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does a sand dune of this size form and remain stable? [X-post /r/woahdude] | [
"It's not stable, it's moving - albeit very slowly - very much like a wave coming up a beach. I worked in Libya a few years ago and found that one of these had crawled across one of the pipeline roads, we had to wait a week before it had moved on. The speed at which they move tends to be seasonal and is directly p... | [
"You might want to crosspost this one to [/r/askscience](/r/askscience)! :D Good luck!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why commercial airplanes are usually white while military airplanes are usually grey? | [
"3 main reasons : 1. Minimizing visual signature . Aircraft operating over sea can be camouflaged by painting them blue\\-grey. 2. Blending of aircraft with the tarmac. Parked aircraft outlines are harder to see if the aircraft color doesn't provide sharp contrast with the surface they are on. 3. Modern militar... | [
"It's pretty common for them to end up in an aircraft boneyard. When an airline decides to take one of their aircraft out of service it's flown a facility that (at least in the US) is typically out in a desert some place. Dry conditions keep the aircraft from deteriorating until it's either sold to another airline ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What does nonprofit really mean? | [
"It means that after paying employees their salaries, any theoretical profit is merely reinvested into the company in its entirety. So non profit company A makes 10 million dollars, pays employees a total of 8 million, rather than the extra 2 million being \"profit,\" it gets reinvested back into the company for w... | [
"What does the Pope handle on a day to day basis?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why do my ears pop/hurt when I'm in a train going through a tunnel? | [
"You are right that it's the increase in pressure with a decrease in container (ie the tunnel) volume. The air pressure in the train doesn't increase because the walls bend in though. Train carriages aren't remotely airtight - the increased pressure simply 'finds its way in' through gaps in doors, open windows, ven... | [
"Its equalizing the pressure in your ear with the outside pressure. Just like cracking open a can of ~~beer~~ soda. I like to close a water bottle on the ground and open it at 6000 ft or so. Its mildly entertaining."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Reddit keeps telling me that vaginas don't get looser with sex. But then why do buttholes get looser with sex? | [
"Your butthole is made of a muscle called the anal sphincter. Just like stretching your leg muscles will make your legs more flexible, stretching your anus will make your anus more flexible. Vaginas are meant to be stretched."
] | [
"There's no sphincter there. There's vaginal muscles but if you tell girls on their periods to flex them you'll get stabbed in the face."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why are introductory classes referred to as 101? | [
"Most college classes get 3-digit numbers. 1xx is first year, 2xx is second, 3xx is third and 4xx is fourth year (and 0xx are remedial). Stereotypically, 101 would be the introductory first year class in the subject. This isn't always the case, but the idea's stuck in the popular consciousness."
] | [
"Pre-School:3 or 4 years old: Optional schooling that is like an upgraded day-care. Elementary School/Grade School: Starts at 5 years old: Kindergarden and grades 1-5. Middle School/Junior High School: Starts at 11 years old: Grades 6-8. High School: Starts Starts at 14 years old: Grades 9-12 College/University:... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why isn't Google Fiber everywhere? | [
"Infrastructure. It's extremely expensive to lay fiber in the ground, and it's also fragile and expensive to maintain. At some point Level 3 laid a ton of it across the nation (essentially connecting major cities). There are many ISP's out there that piggy back on those lines and sell service to larger business cli... | [
"What kind of black magic is this? Search isn't supposed to be useful. Thanks!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why doesn't lightning striking lakes/ocean fry all the fish, yet swimming during a lightning storm is a terrible idea? | [
"When lightning hits the ocean, the discharge spreads over the surface of the water. Any fish/human near the surface will be electrocuted. Edit: humans are also better conductors than fish so the damage will be more substantial."
] | [
"A few reasons: 1) Few people are outside during thunderstorms. 2) The Earth and the storm are huge and you're very very small. 3) Although lightning doesn't *always* hit the tallest object in view, a tall object usually is the lowest resistance path. That means lightning is more likely to blow up trees and power l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Root-mean-square speed of molecules and how it differs from average speed. | [
"Pretend there is one dimension with two molecules, one travelling right at 2m/s, one travelling left at 2m/s. If we take the average: 2+(-2)=0, so the average speed is 0. If we take the root means square: 2^2 + 2^2 (square) = 8, divided by 2 = 4 (mean), sqrt(4)=2 (root). So it allows you to ignore the direction e... | [
"Because temperature is a measure of the excited state of a material - particle velocity. It's predictable what the effect on \"temperature' is when you remove all particle velocity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do we colorize old black and white films? | [
"We guess at the colors, or use historical information (e.g. the book version says she has red hair, or we know the actress was blond). Other than that we do it essentially frame-by-frame, although digital tools help a lot in making that easier than it once was (once upon a time each frame would be hand painted!)."... | [
"It's just like taking a Black and White printout and color it. The difference is these guys are professionals and know how to choose appropriate colors."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is an U.S college 'GPA' and how is it calculated? | [
"It's a 4 point scale of how well you did. For each class, an A is worth 4 points, a B is worth 3 points, a C is 2, a D is 1, and you get no points for failing. Some schools also adjust the score if you're near the border of a grade- an A- would be worth 3.7, a B+ would be worth 3.3, a B- would be worth 2.7, and so... | [
"A = 90-100% B = 80-89% C = 70-79% D = 60-69% F = 0-59% Generally, C and above is considered passing with C being seen as \"average\", B as \"above average\" and A as \"excellent\". D, being rated as \"below-average\" is sometimes given a pass, I think that depends on the school though. So on a 10 question quiz, yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why were humans able to capture "black and white" photo/video before they were able to capture "color" photo/video? | [
"Basically, there are different photosensitive chemicals that capture different colors of light. Getting things in terms of light and dark using one chemical is fairly easy. However, the first hurdle was discovering and being able to produce chemicals that only reacted to certain colors of light. Then, the differen... | [
"The process of colorizing old footage is very tedious. Unless the color footage already exists the animators have to color each frame of video. A second of video contains approximately 23 frames. When the movie needs to be colored, all of the frames of the movie are extracted. Each frame of the movie is then color... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How sex feels differently for men and women. | [
"my 5 year old doesnt need to know what sex feels like"
] | [
"Asian men are far less attractive to White women than Asian women are to White men."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
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