query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why doesn't NASA gets sponsors to get funds ? | [
"It makes NASA beholden to the sponsors. If I give NASA a billion dollars to put my product on the spacesuits of their astronauts, I can say \"use my money in this manner, or I'm pulling out my money\" If NASA can remain functional without my sponsorship money, then maybe them refusing and me pulling out just means... | [
"We can, all it takes is money and someone to make it happen. It would take about 2 billion dollars to start plus annual upkeep costs. Write your congress people and state legislators and tell them you want it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Law and Criminal Justice:"
} |
Why do those balancing birds that you get at carnivals and fairs actually balance on their noses and don’t fall off | [
"I don't think there's a special condition happening here. Its more of an optical trick. The weight of the bird is unevenly distributed towards the very tips of the wings which extend past the nose of the bird. So while the bird looks imbalanced, the weight of the materials is actually balanced 50/50 on either sid... | [
"Insects have heavy armor plates on their back and spindly little legs on their underside. If they fall, they'll usually land upside-down because that's where their center of gravity sits. If it doesn't flip back over fairly quicky it may be sick or injured, but they do get flipped occasionally because they definit... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do mobile phones vibrate? | [
"They have a motor with the shaft connected to one side of a weight. This makes it wiggle when the shaft turns as it is unbalanced."
] | [
"How do you know that you don't sneeze in your sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How come it snows metal on Venus? | [
"Hey man! I made a quick [video](_URL_0_) to answer your question! If you don't want to watch it, here's a summary of what the video covers: - It's very hot on venus, the plains can reach a very hot 480°C which makes all the metal in the atmosphere vaporize! - The vaporized metals then rise up in the air, and cool ... | [
"The sun is also white. It just appears yellow. Next!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does chap stick work? | [
"The skin on your lips moves a lot, and if it dries, it loses flexibility and can crack open. In order to prevent this, the easiest way is to stop the skin from drying. By applying a layer of grease which repels water, you trap the humidity inside the upper layer of skin, and it doesn't dry out. And yes, you could ... | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does a fly survive a powerful swat from a human hand? | [
"When you swat a... well, anything, your hand builds up a small layer of air in front of it. When you swat a small thing, for a brief moment, they accelerate as the air layer pushes them. By the time your hand reaches them, they are not hit as hard as you think they were hit. Now, if you take something larger than... | [
"A hummingbird weighs less than a penny (1.59-2.01g), so it wouldn't be overly difficult for a somewhat larger insect like a praying mantis to catch and hold one."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Entomology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Entomology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Relativistic Physics Vs. Quantum Physics? | [
"Quantum physics describes what happens on a level that's so small, nothing is continuous anymore. Energy is carried in \"packets\" called photons, and conventional physics breaks down. Now, to say \"relativistic physics\" is a little meaningless, since the concept of relativity always exists. But the traditional t... | [
"CGP Grey has an excellent video describing exactly this: The Problems with First Past the Post Voting Expl…: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do I get more sick in the winter vs the summer? | [
"Because during the wintertime, you tend to stay indoors more, and come into contact with people up close rather than outside, when it's summertime. The increased opportunity/frequency for contact gives rise to bacterial and viral spread."
] | [
"I'm no expert, but I do know it's harder for you to wake up and feel energized during the middle of REM sleep"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
What are DJs (like Dead Mau5 or Nero) doing while they're on stage at a live show? | [
"> “we all hit play. its no secret. when it comes to “live” performance of EDM… that’s about the most it seems you can do anyway. It’s not about performance art, its not about talent either (really its not) In fact, let me do you and the rest of the EDM world button pushers who fuckin hate me for telling you how it... | [
"Usually it just means sending different stems of the song. For example, one makes the drum pattern and bass line and the other makes the synths and other sounds. A good example of this is Flosstradamus. They literally started their act over the internet, without even meeting each other beforehand."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does someone born without a birth cirtificate or Social Security number obtain identification later in life? | [
"In the past, it was very common for poor people or people living in rural areas to not have a birth certificate. Born at home, far from any doctors or hospitals with the assistance of other women. At least 2 of my father's brothers have the same \"birthday\" on their birth certificates, for pretty much that reaso... | [
"A job, tax refunds, a bank account, enlistment in the Military, Social Security benefits, student loans, and many other things. Granted, there are some other ways you can get things done, like paying your taxes, without a SSN, but the process of convincing the powers that be that you don't have and don't want a So... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
LED. How does it work? | [
"Let's have a try explaining this as easy as possible without using any metaphors (I don't think they help much here). To create a light emitting diode (LED) you use a semiconductor material. Semiconductors have the characteristic of two more or less discrete energy levels for electrons, one being higher than the o... | [
"The things that are touching get tangled. ELI25 Version: Pursue a Ph.D. in Material Science...we still don't have all of the answers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do noises seem to get louder as you start falling asleep | [
"Because you don't have much other sensory input coming in. Same reason why a lot of people close their eyes when they really want to listen to music."
] | [
"It is a symptom called tinnitus. It is a 'ringing in the ears' that happens when you experience loud noises. The little hairs that sense sounds in your ear get damaged. When you get tinnitus after a night out, you have done damage to your hearing. Most of that damage will probably heal, but if you keep doing it, y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health:"
} |
What's the difference between boiling water at sea level and on top of a mountain? | [
"When you boil water, you are putting energy into it in the form of heat. This heat energy makes the molecules of water move around faster. When you reach the boiling point, the molecules of water are moving fast enough to overcome the pressure of the air around them and escape from the liquid into the air as steam... | [
"Water doesn't need to boil to evaporate. Boiling just speeds it up. Also, it doesn't actually have to be hot for water to boil. It could be 35 degrees F, but if there is no atmosphere pressing down on the water, it will boil. This is why there's no water on the Moon or Mars (at least liquid water). It's also why a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
Vehicles and 'gear downtime'. | [
"I am not quite sure what you are referring to. It does sound like you are experiencing the car driving on idle. To prevent the engine stalling out you can not reduce the throttle to zero on a normal car. If you release the accelerator it will go back to a safe low speed. As your car slows down the engine will slow... | [
"same way it's generated during the rest o the year. big ass diesel generators and wind turbines. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are there countless products made with açaí berries, but they are never sold as just pure, whole berries? | [
"Very few places outside Brazil (and it's in the Amazon region, not places with good transportation) grow them and berries are too fragile to transport long distance fresh. You can buy frozen berries online though. In addition unlike other berries acai berries doesn't have a lot of pulp and are bitter and grainy, s... | [
"The other juices certainly exist, and are (for example) more common in Mexican markets than in American ones. The less common ones tend to be extremely sweet, very thick/pulpy, made of relatively costly/uncommon fruits, or made of fruits that are only in season a short time and thus rarely available in the surplus... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Food and Beverage:"
} |
Why are the blades on a guillotine slanted? | [
"The blades are shaped like that so that the weight of the blade is focused on a smaller area as it cuts. It produces more of a slicing motion than a chopping motion, which gives cleaner cuts."
] | [
"They're not actually bladeless, just the blades are in a different location. They're actually at the bottom, sucking air in."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If spray on bedliner is damn near scratch proof, why don't they make it without the texture and paint the whole vehicle with that? | [
"Spray-in bed layers are usually a polyurethane, occasionally fiber reinforced epoxy. They work as a bed liner, because the bed is hidden from view, and people don't mind if the paint is not a nice smooth shiny finish. In general, want their car or trucks paint to be a nice smooth shiny finish, a car painted like ... | [
"The pen-based ones are basically a tube of clear-coat resins that replace the clear coat of your car. So you can have a scratch up to the last little micron of your paint (but before the primer) and be fine. Once you get past the paint, though, they typically don't do very much if at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If organized religion is so keen on an afterlife, how come there is no talk of a "before-life?" | [
"There is. A fair amount of it too. For instance, the [Chamber of Guf](_URL_0_) in Judaism. There's a tree of life which produces souls, which are dropped into the chamber of guf, which are then sent out to bodies. That was a massive oversimplification of course, but its the basic idea. Granted these arent nearly a... | [
"To put it into a few bullet points, the foundation of Christianity is: * You are a sinner by nature, and that this sin dooms you to an afterlife \"outside\" of God's Kingdom (heaven, basically). * Christ is/was God's only Son, and he died on behalf of your sins. * Believing in this will grant you salvation, and et... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why, when I have a cold, is my nose stuffy when I'm sitting down, but clears up when I'm walking? | [
"It helps to explain the source of the stuffiness: blood capillaries that are leaky and cause the sinus tissues to swell and \"stuff\" your nose. When you become active (like walking), your sympathetic (fight or flight) nervous system becomes slightly activated and some epinephrine (adrenaline) is released into the... | [
"Am I the only person that can't breathe in through my nose and out through my mouth when I exercise? I go running, and I can do that for the first quarter of a mile, but then I get too out of breath and have to breathe through my mouth constantly. What am I doing wrong?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why do people go diarrhea when dehydrated? Doesn't the body need that liquid? | [
"You have it the wrong way round. Diarrhea is a common cause of dehydration. The diarrhea is itself a response of the body to certain type of infection, aiming to physically remove the germs from the bowels. EDIT: Some infections also directly cause diarrhea themselves, which they have evolved to do in order to spr... | [
"The answer: ADH. Your body produces Anti Diuretic Hormone normally when you are dehydrated. What do diuretics do? They make you lose water in waste. So anti diuretic hormone keeps you from being dehydrated and allows your body to maintain water. Now when you drink alcohol ADH is inhibited so you start pissing, a l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If I took Advil and had a bad headache, a sore foot, and a sore throat, would it "prioritize" those issues? | [
"No. The drug has to disperse through your entire system. The anti-inflammatory effect acts on your whole body, injured/painful parts and parts that don't need the Advil. Any difference in the time those things you mention respond to Advil is due to how quickly their swelling can go down, and the drug's ability to ... | [
"it doesnt. everything you take goes to your bloodstream and is distributed to your whole body. Its just a matter of what that particular chemical does. For example, if you take painkiller for a headache, but you back kinda hurt too, both those pains would be alleviated by painkiller. This is why side effects are a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What actually are we feeling when we have "butterflies in our stomach" | [
"We usually feel that way when we get excited about something. This sense of excitement triggers the body into stimulating its sympathetic system (the system that is stimulated with fight or flight). This system is responsible for producing adrenaline and noradrenaline, and these two chemicals produce numerous chan... | [
"Try eating some food before hand. Some people experience pretty bad stomach aches when drinking water on an empty stomach."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does my leg hurt when it's cloudy, I have a metal Plate in my leg. | [
"Barometric pressure. On cloudy days, air pressure outside is lower than on sunny days. On the low pressure days, microscopic tissue in your body sometimes expands, which puts stress on joints or previous injuries. In airplanes, some people's feet swell because of the atmospheric pressure so high up. This is the s... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why aren't Plasma Converteres being used for all our trash diposal? | [
"I imagine cost is the limiting factor. 1) Depending on where you live, land may be relatively cheap for landfills, so you're not worried about waste disposal. 2) How much does it cost for a plasma converter to produce 1 MWh of energy? How does that compare to coal, nuclear, wind, or solar?"
] | [
"Alot of these smaller countries or Island Chains in the Pacific either outsource their trash pick up or have incendiary Stations where all non -toxic trash is burned. Don't forget about recycling either!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
With the plan of Japan to drill the earth's crust to reach the mantle, what is the process of getting permissions and from whom (since no one "owns" the earth)? | [
"In Malaysia you own the land under you. Underground transport tunnels aren't straight because people did not give permission to tunnel under their land."
] | [
"Its not a country but a continent. No one lives there as residents and to date 49 countries have signed a treaty that said there will be no type of military force or presence there, no explosions or waste of any sort etc. There are people there time to time doing scientific research on a variety of things."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that Slander and Libel laws do not apply to political campaigning? | [
"They do, but the standards are different for public figures. Proving defamation against a public figure requires a showing of malicious intent, not just mere negligence (the standard applied to statements/writings about ordinary citizens). That is a simplified explanation, but basically sums it up. The reason is d... | [
"The 1st Amendment only protects you from persecution from the government for your speech. It does not apply to private matters."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do some people yawn while working out? | [
"IIRC yawning helps regulate your bodily temperature. Exercise raises your body temperature, so sometimes you yawn while you work out to help bring it back down."
] | [
"If you breathe in irregular patterns, you'll end up yawning. Kind of like a reset to get you breathing properly again, as well as giving you more oxygen etc. And for some reason, they're contagious. If you see someone, or even think about yawning, you'll most likely yawn too, just like I did while talking about it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Do pet fish get bored living in a fish tank? | [
"Found a study relating to this: _URL_0_ > The first study to take a comprehensive look at fish aggression related to the size of the environment has revealed that most pet fish are probably really, really upset. The study found that cramped, boring conditions can make normally placid fish irritable, and sometimes ... | [
"It's not really true. It's something pet stores tell you to sell fish. In reality, the growth is stunted, the fish often has health issues as a result and it will die early. It's somewhat akin to feet binding. Even fish like Bettas should be given at least a few gallons of filtered water, but most stores sell tiny... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does gum pretty much fall apart when you chew it with a peanut m & m? | [
"A better question is why would you try this?"
] | [
"Pour a bunch of sugar on a piece of paper. Put the sugar and paper in your mouth and chew it. Once you don't taste any more sugar, spit the paper out. Do you think you just consumed some calories even though you didn't eat any paper? The answer is yes. Same concept applies to gum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How can rural areas sell gas at a cheaper price than in densely populated areas (despite higher cost of transport)? | [
"The cost of operating the station are higher in urban settings: 1. real estate costs. 2. labor costs. 3. sometimes delivery costs, storage volumes requiring more frequent resupply and so on. 4. urban areas are more likely to have additional taxation on gasoline, as well has higher sales tax (you'll note that gasol... | [
"Shipping routes, local taxes, state taxes, refinery locations, crude source, local competition, etc. all play a role in determining the price of gas in your particular area. The area in Michigan is taking the minimum price of a likely rural area where there's little demand, whereas you're looking at Seattle, a bus... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did humans deal with toe/finger nails before we had tools to cut them. | [
"Most likely the same as nails of animals. They just wear away through daily use. Someone should do a study and see if people who work in heavy industries have to cut their nails less than people with desk jobs."
] | [
"They protect the tips of your fingers and toes. I once lost a fingernail and it's remarkable how much they cushion for you. If you didn't have nails, you would be walking around with hurt/bleeding/broken fingers and toes all the time! There's that, and nails are the evolution of our species' claws. Since we rarely... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is happening when I get the wind knocked out of me? | [
"There's this muscle in your body called the diaphragm that controls your breathing. If you get punched or hit hard near it, it can cause it to spasm and not work right for a bit, which is what we call getting the wind knocked out of you."
] | [
"Does this happen completely randomly, or does something trigger it? I think I know what you're talking about, but the only time I black out is if I'm getting up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How come "only blacks school" is not racists toward other races as would be "only whites school"? | [
"It is racist. And the only-black schools were ruled unconstitutional some 60 years ago. Now, there are some \"historically black\" colleges that were established as black-only colleges in the days of segregation. Today, these schools have a racially open policy while attracting a predominantly black student popula... | [
"you can't explain a open-end question like this. you can say that certain people aren't \"openly racist\" anymore because of social media opening up opportunities to explore the \"other\" people so the racism created through these differences are neutralized per say, however, you can't just randomly eradicate raci... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
so new land is being created in Hawaii due to the lava flows there. How do they determine who owns it? | [
"By law, the state owns any newly created land from volcanoes in Hawaii. [source](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Most of the fault lines are near or run along the coastlines. People liked building cities on the coastlines because of the water access was necessary for transport and travel. All of New Zealand pretty much sits on a fault line so they're hooped regardless. But people didn't know this two, three hundred years ago... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why there are "big" cats but not big dogs. | [
"Because [large wolves](_URL_0_) died out, either due to climate changes at the end of the ice age or human eradication."
] | [
"There used to be lots of different types of humans too. Most died off on their own. Some we may have killed off. But just so you know, all cats are one species. Same with dogs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:"
} |
What is Social Security, how does it work in the U.S, and why is it deemed unsustainable? | [
"SS is a government program which collects money from working people and then passes it out to retired people. This requires the working people to produce enough wealth to provide not only their own families, but also all the retired people. When the the economy is growing, this might not appear to be a problem si... | [
"Pregnant women qualify for Medicaid, which is paid for by the government, if they do not have insurance. The Medicaid cuts off for the woman after the child is born, but will continue to cover the child until it's 18 years old if the mother cannot get health insurance for the family from a private insurance compan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do you need to re-apply sunscreen every two hours? | [
"You're also sweating and that washes it off as well. Sweat coming out of your pores from underneath the layer of sunscreen is dissolving and pushing it off"
] | [
"Because you use moisturizer first thing in the morning and just before you go bed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do most people have such negative feelings towards tickling? | [
"You might as well be asking why you, personally, enjoy being tickled. The psychology/physiology behind it is pretty much the same either way. Some people don't like others encroaching upon their personal space. Others enjoy and employ physical contact as often as possible. The former generally hates tickling, the ... | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Since Russia is in Asia, why aren't American citizens of Russian descent not considered Asian Americans? | [
"Most of the population of Russia is in Europe. All the big population centers are west of the Ural Mountains....thus European. Only the ones who are from Siberia or Central Asia would be considered 'Asian'....and most of them have more Asian features, too."
] | [
"Nope, just the Japanese. The reasoning for the camps was explicitly racist. Italian and German Americans were White, and considered more trustworthy than people of Japanese ancestry."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is dry humour and how can you master it ? | [
"It’s hard to explain puns to kleptomaniacs because they always take things literally."
] | [
"There's a big difference between being good with words and having the talents required to write dictionaries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How the interstates/highways we use today were named. | [
"**Odd number:** runs north-south **Even number:** runs east-west **Low odd number:** west coast **High odd number:** east coast **Low even number:** southern US **High even number:** northern US **1-2 digits:** main route, goes through major cities (usually) **3 digits:** off-shoot, goes around major cit... | [
"Taxes do not fully pay for bus networks, they only supplement them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How would I secure billions of dollars if the FDIC only insures $250k? | [
"In some cases you might buy other things (houses, cars, etc.) that are worth money that you could separately insure. You might also invest in businesses or other things that are insured. You can also split up cash between banks. So if you are insured for $250k at one bank, you can have another $250k at another ban... | [
"It is gone. It is no different than loaning your broke friend your car only to have it stolen. The bank is responsible for your money, but if they don't have it, they don't have it. A government might insure that money, or might choose to bank the bank out with taxpayer money. The US federal government insures dep... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Could a Sharknado really happen? | [
"Depends on how remote you want to get? A storm picking up sharks and launching them into New York City? Not possible. There have, however, been reports of storms that rain infantile fish. What happens is that evaporating water will pick up some fish eggs, they hatch in the cloud and rain down. Though those are ext... | [
"Can you not get an erection in space?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can a piece of paper folded 103 times be larger than the observable universe? | [
"Exponential growth. Each fold doubles the thickness of the paper. If I gave you 1 penny today, and promised to give you twice as much money tomorrow, and twice as much the day after, and so on and so on, on day 30 I'm giving you over $5 million dollars. You can do the math on this yourself pretty easily though. O... | [
"Fun fact: if you were able to condense matter so that the emptiness of atoms was as small as you could make it, you could condense all human life into the space of a sugar cube."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does my car have a low gear? | [
"ford focus can still tow camper trailers up hills."
] | [
"I would guess that it's just the right frequency to vibrate when at idle. Which is why it only happens when stopped. I had a similar issue with a landrover gearstick."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How were small countries (e.g. Lichtenstein, San Marino, Malta, etc.) formed and why haven't they been conquered? | [
"There has to be a reason for a country to be conquered you know. Until recently Lichtenstein was poor. It's not like it's sitting on oil like Kuwait. It generally stayed neutral during the wars and so it wasn't subject to getting borders moved at the end as losing countries often are."
] | [
"Other British Colonies which became independent in the 20th century also became prosperous. Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates are all British colonies which became independent in the 20th century and are prosperous today. (This also assumes that you con... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do recycling centers sort between aluminum, plastic, cardboard, etc? | [
"People with hands and regrets about their life choices. This is why many systems request you sort them yourself."
] | [
"It goes to a landfill where it gets compacted and buried. Eventually when the landfill is full it gets capped with dirt and rock and just left. There are a lot of ways to manage trash that result in less harm to the environment and less overall waste. They are all more expensive than landfilling though. The bigges... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are United States parents much more strict with the sexual life of their children compared to European parents? | [
"The main reason is because of the religious background of the United States."
] | [
"Asian men are far less attractive to White women than Asian women are to White men."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Generally, there can be different personality traits of dog breeds. Why can't we say there are different personality traits between human breeds/races? | [
"People haven't been bred selectively like dogs. Dog breeders are able to apply rigid standards to ensure that dog breeds remain pure. That's why you have the different breeds with distinct personalities. In humans things are different. It is difficult for humans to selectively breed other humans because all human... | [
"Genetics, some people have the genes for chest hair while some don't, it can also vary between races and ethnic groups."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
If rainbows are made by light refracting off raindrops, why don't they flicker? | [
"The Sun is very large, and it doesn't flicker. Lots of light is available. While any one drop might only send a brief flash to your eye, there is a continuous stream of moving drops, and continuous sunlight."
] | [
"That's kind of like asking how long it takes for a sunbeam or your reflection in a mirror to fade away. A rainbow isn't a physical *thing*. It is just what raindrops look like when sunlight passes through them (as long as you look at them from the right angle) So it fades away when either the light goes away, or t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How much money (USD) would need to be "destroyed" in order to see a significant rise in the value of the dollar? | [
"_URL_0_ The monetary base went from ~800 billion USD in 2008 to 3.6 trillion 2013 and you had ~10% cumulative inflation over 5 years. So if you want to roll back that inflation you'd need to eliminate at least 80% of the monetary base (note that much of the monetary base is electronic), and that might get you back... | [
"Short Answer- Supply and Demand There is a finite amount of US Dollars in the world. If there are suddenly fewer (because someone is buying them up) then the price goes up. If there are suddenly more (say the Fed is printing more) then the price will go down. The \"price\" in this case is the value of the currency... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do we, physically speaking, drink from straws? I mean, you're not inhaling like when you breathe so how does it get up the straw? | [
"When you suck on a straw, you remove a lot of air pressure holding the water down in the straw. Since there is much lower air pressure in the cavity of your mouth (when sucking), the water is \"pushed\" up the straw by the air pressure in the room pushing on the water in the glass, which is connnected to the water... | [
"Pretty simple. The muscle movement that closes off the trachea is tied to the act of swallowing, so every time you swallow there's only one way for the food to go. The trachea remains open when you're breathing because you can't swallow and breathe at the same time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people hate Creed and Nickelback but Maroon 5 is seemingly popular? | [
"Because Adam Levine is apparently hot, despite his voice being mental napalm."
] | [
"Because the musical landscape is always changing. In the early 1900's, Jazz was still on the rise. Soon after that, blues became more dominant, soon to be followed by rock 'n roll, with Elvis becoming the biggest artist in the world. He was soon followed by the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, and rock music became... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is WACC and why is it important? | [
"Weighted Average Cost Of Capital. All sources of capital, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds and any other long-term debt, are included in a WACC calculation. It is important bc it determines how much interest a company owes for each dollar it finances. Also WACC is an investor’s opportunity cost of ta... | [
"They have an investment bank do it for them! But there are a couple of methods they can use: 1) The value today of all future cash flows that the business is expected to generate 2) The value of all of the businesses assets, if you sold them. 3) The market capitalization of their stock"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why casinos can only be built on Indian lands or whatever. | [
"They don't *only* have to be built on Indian lands, but there are certain restrictions in most states that prohibit casinos. Indian Reservations are their own sovereign nation so they don't have to follow these, hence the reason why there are so many casinos on Indian land because it's a profitable business."
] | [
"Because it's cheaper to have it made in other countries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do T-Rexes have tiny little arms? What do scientists think the evolutionary purpose of them was? | [
"They were definitely not leftover / vestigial limbs. In fact, a t-rex's arms were crazy muscular and quite powerful. If they would've been vestigial, they would not have shown this amount of muscle. The current theories are that the arms were used for grasping things (struggling prey and mates during copulation) a... | [
"This is a tricky question as it happened long long long before even your grandmother was around. A million years before anyone even started wearing any clothes at all. There are a few different theories to how this could have happened. My favorite is that we humans came close to living in the water. Did you know ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How realistic are torches in video games? | [
"Semi-realistic. Though they gloss over the downsides of walking around with a giant flaming ball of pitch on the end of a stick. Most people who could afford artificial light would use candles, lamps, or lanterns for obvious reasons. They are more economical and a lot less messy. So depictions you see of, for exam... | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about finance:"
} |
Why do carbonated drinks get/feel frothier when you swish them around in your mouth? | [
"Carbonated drinks have a gas called carbon dioxide dissolved in them. They are bottled at high pressure so that the carbon dioxide is forced into the drink. When you first open the bottle, the pressure is relieve so a lot of the carbon dioxide leaves right away. There is still some left in the beverage though. The... | [
"Are you drinking bottle conditioned beers? If so, that's the sediment. If it's a wheat or something, give it a little swirl to mix the sediment back in before drinking."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is there a gap around the doors on bathroom stalls in the US? | [
"IDK what the hell monkey is talking about. The gap is basically a cost and space saver. You'll notice that a stall door doesn't hinge on the wall, but rather a pivot joint that extends from the stall wall. This allows the door to turn tighter and means the door can be wider with out it needing as much space inside... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Can someone please explain to me how Eratosthenes determined the earth's circumference based on the measurements he got of the shadows? | [
"You don't even need trig to do it (although you could use it). He knew through measurements that the sun shone straight down on one city at noon on a given day. He knew this because he saw the reflection of the sun in the water at the bottom of a deep vertical well. He also knew that the sun shone at a measurable ... | [
"The sun and stars tell you exactly where you are if you know how to use them. It takes a bit of math, but it can be done. Sailors used the sun and stars for ages to know where they were, but the same methods work on land. In fact, the first man to prove the eart is round and get an accurate measure of the diameter... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is it so difficult to stop spam phone calls? | [
"Because (mostly) they come from countries where they don't have to follow your laws. So they don't, and there's nothing you can do about it."
] | [
"They don't. It's just a ploy to trick people into calling immediately rather than thinking about it first."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do China and other "enemies of the internet" block their citizens' access to the web? | [
"The chinese government owns or controls the telecommunication infrastructure of the country. Essentially, every wire that runs across the land, every ISP that offers service etc. is controlled by the government. If you control the wires, it's not a big step to install this \"firewall\" at every point where these w... | [
"If you don't care much about privacy, the number one use of a VPN or proxy is to make you appear to be connected from another country, which then allows you to circumvent region-locking (think certain YouTube videos, the varying lists of movies and television series available on Netflix, and some regional censorsh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is is possible for someone to buy 51% shares of Google & be its owner? | [
"Yes, but all of those people who own those 51% of shares would have to be willing to sell them. You would probably have to pay them WAY more than than their current market value to make it attractive enough. Since Google is currently valued at about $530 Billion, if you have say $350-$400B lying around, maybe you ... | [
"They could do that, but they do not have a monopoly on the market. Once it is blocked, another company will gain popularity and replace Google or Facebook."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why water spirals down the plug hole, and why it is spirals the other way in the opposite hemisphere | [
"It doesn't spiral the other way in the opposite hemisphere... That's a misconception. It just spirals whatever way it wants depending on how the water flows into the drain and other external factors etc. The rotation of the earth/gravity isn't strong enough for it to affect the direction water spirals into a drain... | [
"There are only three things a plumber ever need know: hot on the left, Cold on the right, shit doesn't flow up hill. If your main reservoir of water is above the height of the opening in the fountain then gravity will ensure that water comes out of the top of the fountain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
why do people generally look more attractive when one half of their face is in shadows? | [
"While it's not true 100% of the time people are generally seen more attractive the more symmetrical their face appears to be. There are of course exceptions. So by covering one half of the face there's no comparison to the other side."
] | [
"No. When you look at the side of your face you see the same thing that everyone else does when they look at the side of your face. If people saw the side of your face/head when they looked you in the eye they would be looking you in the ear. That would be weird. It seems you're asking \"do people see me as attract... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the order of shutting down a computer/laptop? Which hardware pieces are shut down first, and last? | [
"The purpose of a proper shutdown is to save data in applications and services to disk to prevent data corruption and data loss. As well as to cleanup logs and temporary data. This way digital garbage data (left-overs from a running application) isn't left lying about on your computer taking up space or potentially... | [
"When you shut the computer down, the operating system is shut down and the motherboard turns off afterwards. When you select restart, it shuts down the operating system but the motherboard stays on and boots the operating system again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does net neutrality continue to be threatened through legislation? Haven't we already shot this down? | [
"Unfortunately, there's no \"double jeopardy\" on bad legislation. They can try and try and try to pass it as long as they want."
] | [
"Because removing net neutrality can earn ISPs billions of dollars. It is in their best interests to try to get it removed (but not our best interests). 2 years ago, by making ISP's Common Carriers in the US, this was the official enforcement of net neutrality, but the ISP's can still try to get congress to change ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
When you're trying to go to sleep and you can feel something that resembles 'bugs' crawling over you, but there are no bugs. | [
"Finally something I can answer. When you are laying down and trying to sleep (usually in the dark and silence) your body becomes more aware. With this new heightened sense of perception you start to notice what you havent before. The \"bugs\" you feel are actually not quite bugs, but close enough. They are just a ... | [
"Most itches are caused by a bit of dirt in a pore. If you mean intense itches I'm not sure, unless it's an allergy issue. Do you get hayfever (cold like symptoms in the spring/summer?) Those itches you feel as you go to sleep are actually just your mind checking if you have gone to sleep or not. If you refrain fro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does tiltiting the glass while pouring a drink prevent fizz from developing? | [
"The fizz is caused by the liquid bring disturbed, releasing the gas that is dissolved within it. Tilting the glass allows the liquid to fall a shorter distance than just hitting the bottom of the glass, so the liquid has a lower velocity. Sliding down the side of the glass slows down the liquid, reducing the amoun... | [
"They are stickier. the foam is soda sticking to the CO2 bubbles coming from the liquid. The stickier the liquid the harder those bubbles are to pop the more they stick around. Thats why sparking water almost never foams, but cola always does."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is moving air cold? | [
"You exchange heat and moisture with your environment. Both transfer more easily the bigger the differential. If the air is still, then you tend to 'load' a shell around yourself with heat and moisture as you continue to generate both. This means subsequent transfer is slower. A fan blows this shell away. This mean... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why the TSA is supposedly only a show of security and not actual security. | [
"They are always trying to catch the last terrorist. See: mandatory shoe removal since Richard Reid. Also, most of their tactics cause huge inconvenience, frustration, embarrassment, and delays for millions of normal passengers but at the same time would only catch the dumbest, sloppiest terrorist. This article is ... | [
"True, but the real function is T, the time you exit security. If T is after your flight departs, you lose. If you arrive more minutes before departure, the chance that T will be ok is better. T might leave you with 90 minutes to snark at the airport, but since the TSA values your time at $0.00, they see no problem... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
If recurring decimals are 'infinite' is there a sense (perhaps philosophical) that they are constantly 'growing'? | [
"The number is static. If you cut a cake into thirds, that third of a cake is a third of a cake. Its size isn't changing. It's not growing or shrinking. It's 1/3. The decimal expansion is just a way of *representing* that fraction. You could write it as \"1/3\". The infinite decimal expansion \"0.3333...\" is just ... | [
"You're misunderstanding the idea of irrational numbers. If you picked truly random numbers between -infinity and infinity, the chance of that number being rational is essentially 0. There are simply so many more possible values for irrational numbers than rational numbers, that the concept of rational numbers (an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Mathematics:"
} |
How do Academy members differentiate between Best Picture nominees and Best Director nominees? Wouldn't the best director naturally have the best movie, and vice versa? | [
"Well they are very closely intertwined. Of the 85 films that have been awarded Best Picture, 62 have also received the award for Best Director. I guess the only logical explanation is that there's far more than just directing that goes into making a great movie. Most of the time, a movie wins both awards because ... | [
"NBA awards are much more quantifiable through stats, while acting, directing, cinematography, etc. are much more subjective. And some of the voting/nominations may also come down to what members of the Academy even choose to see in the first place (do they just not see minority-focused films?), whereas all NBA pla... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How exactly does a pulse oximeter monitor/measure a patient's O2 saturation? | [
"It shines light (actually two lights, a red one and an infrared one) through your finger. The oxidation level of your blood changes the amount of light that can pass through. More details: _URL_0_"
] | [
"Paramedic here. I think you're referring to a condition known as hyperoxia (opposite of hypoxia). Many things can go wrong when you get too much oxygen. Atmospheric air is about 21-22% oxygen and ~79% nitrogen. The sacs in your lungs (alveoli) use nitrogen to produce chemicals that keep those sacs from collapsing ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do shoes Michael Jackson patented actually work? | [
"They have a special base plate that gets hidden on the stage and the shoes can lock onto it allowing him to lean extremely far and have the shoes keep him from falling over. [Here's a diagram from his patent that shows the mechanism](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"“Hi I’m Chris Hanson. Have a seat.” But fr I used to design a pair of sneakers in my head done to every little detail. A pair of Air Force ones to be exact. Something about the little details got me"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do many technologies (such as phones, for example) rely on an accurate date and time? | [
"GPS for one. A lot of apps also need time and date for house keeping reasons or for very simple non-security related checks, such as when the last time the app was launched."
] | [
"> Somehow, it knew the date and exact time without internet access. How is that possible? There is a battery on the motherboard attached to a digital clock, just like in a digital watch. That keeps track of the time even when the computer is not powered."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do we percieve certain colours as bright? | [
"If something is bright, that just means that a lot of photons bounce off of it instead of being absorbed by it. If too many photons go into your eye, the pain is your body realizing that all that light is too much for the receptors (rods, in this case) and that you should close your eyes to prevent damage."
] | [
"Colors are associated with certain moods. It must be noted, however, that this is a cultural thing; some cultures may have colors that represent different moods than for me or you. How exactly do they affect your mood, though? Do you get angry when you see red?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did web browsers start using that pop-up window that asks me if I really want to allow full screen video for whatever website I'm on? | [
"It's a security measure against someone using an emulated screen in fullscreen mode to trick you."
] | [
"It is most likely JavaScript, a method of giving instructions to your browser. JavaScript instructions are (potentially) similar to what you would give with a keyboard and mouse. It can click on items within the page, type stuff, etc. So this \"virus\" likely has no effect outside your browser, can't spy on you (e... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does the application of duct tape to a wart actually remove it? | [
"Duct tape has a solvent in it. That solvent dissolves your skin when you leave it sitting there forever. That dissolves the wart along with a lot of the skin. If the wart is entirely killed off the skin will repair itself from the surrounding area minus the wart. It will probably leave a small scar. You can get a ... | [
"Cracking the bones but not moving them far enough to cut the nerves will not kill you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is an electric kettle so noisy? | [
"When you boil an electric kettle, the water next to the element gets hot soonest. It can get so hot that it boils - BUT the water surrounding it is cooler, so a soon as the steam bubble moves away it cools below the boiling point and suddenly collapses. What you can hear is the bubbles collapsing. It goes away af... | [
"How much water is in the bath? How much is in the kettle? How hot is the bath water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What aspects of piracy/copyright infringement are actually illegal, and to what extent? | [
"Think of it this way -- if you rob someone's house, but use the stuff yourself instead of selling it, does that make it any less illegal? If you steal something and give it to a friend, does giving it away make it less illegal? as far as netflix - watching it at their house is fine - using their access to watch ... | [
"US copyright laws only really apply in the US. International copyright laws apply worldwide, but only to the extent to which countries wish to enforce them within their borders. China isn't making it a priority, and there isn't much the rest of the world can do to force them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are there worries about micro-organisms from Earth affecting potential micro-organisms from other celestial bodies and vice versa, when they haven't adapted to do so? | [
"Lets say your eating Cheetos. Your hands and face get covered with Cheetos dust. While covered in Cheetos dust you get sent to mars to see if its surface contains Cheetos dust. Well if your covered in it, your tests will show there's Cheetos dust. The point is really to protect the reliability of scientific expe... | [
"There's nothing stopping it from happening theoretically, but for now, NASA is trying very hard to prevent contaminating Mars with life from earth. Any kind of organisms that could be found on Mars should be studied, and if you just ship a bunch of extremophile bacteria from earth to Mars, you contaminate the pla... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why are government computers accessible via the internet and no on their own secure network? | [
"Not every device on a government network is connected to the internet. There are separate closed networks for all kinds of secure activities, which are on physically separate networks from the internet. Such as _URL_0_ There are also computers and systems which are fully standalone and not connected to any networ... | [
"Conversely, why not just secure the network? Donate a good router that allows both secured and unsecured then connect the church computers only to the secured while allowing others to use unsecured as guest."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people double-check $20 bills, than any other bills? Are there so many fraudulent $20 bills than any other bills? | [
"$20 bills are actually one of the most counterfeited bills now-days. They used to do larger denominations, but running around with a bunch of crisp new $100 and $50 bills was a bit too suspicious. They could have used smaller bills, but counterfeiting is expensive and risky, so you want to have a little more bang ... | [
"Mints almost constantly print money. The average life-span of a dollar bill is like six months, when a bill gets too ragged, and assuming it makes it's way to a bank, the bank will take the ragged dollar bill and put it in a separate stack. After there are enough in the separate stack, the bank calls the Treasury ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a Cartel? How does it work? | [
"A cartel is an arrangement between companies or organizations that would otherwise compete with each other so that they can manipulate the market. Oil is the most famous example, but it's very political. Think of something a little more small-scale. Let's say you live in a hot place and everyone *needs* ice-cream.... | [
"Monopoly or Oligopoly and Cartel behaviors along with a broken copyright system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Irrational Numbers - How do we know? | [
"An equivalent statement to saying a number has a finite set of digits or has a repeating decimal expansion is to say it can be represented as a fraction. It can be proven that a number can't be represented by a/b where a and b are non-zero integers and a and b's greatest common factor is one (that is, where a/b i... | [
"Actually, you can, but the concept is often too advanced to teach when you're first learning about square roots. It helps to have a knowledge of algebra under your belt first. The square root of a negative number is something called an *imaginary number*. If you want to learn about the basics, [read *A Visual, Int... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do archaeologists make money? | [
"They're frequently employed by universities as professors, and make expeditions that are funded by universities, governments, or private interests."
] | [
"Archaeologists don't study dinosaurs. Paleontologists do that. Archaeologists study human civilizations and societies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can people who don't excercise eat unhealthy food without gaining extra abundance of fat? | [
"Weight gain = calories absorbed - calories expended. And you expend a certain amount of calories just staying alive, minute to minute. You can eat very unhealthy-seeming food without gaining weight, if you simply don't eat too much (exercising *portion control*)."
] | [
"The actual weight of the food isn't relevant to weight gain. A potato will contain much more dietary fiber and water than an amount of chocolate with the same calories. to gain weight your body needs to absorb the calories and then store those calories as fat, you don't store the actual weight of the food. Eating ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why were prehistoric animals so massive? | [
"Some were. A lot of prehistoric animals weren't particularly big. A lot of living animals are enormous. It's just that the big ones are the most interesting, so you think about them more, and they get more attention. On a separate note, the past is, if nothing else, *different* from the present. Which means that ... | [
"Remember that the biggest animal that has ever lived is the blue whale!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:"
} |
Why are Boxing Rings called 'Rings' if they're square? | [
"They used to be round. Around the mid-19th century they started moving to squares, but the name stuck."
] | [
"Big trucks have Big engines. Big engines make lots of heat. All cars and trucks have a part called a Radiator. The Radiator is where all the heat from the Engine goes. The Radiator is put just inside the front of the Car or Truck so the air can take the heat away as the Car or Truck drives. Big Trucks have Big eng... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does deodorant keep my armpits from sweating? | [
"You mean antiperspirant. Deodorant just keeps you from stinking. Antiperspirants have an aluminum-based compound as their main ingredient. The aluminum ions are taken into the cells that line the eccrine-gland ducts at the opening of the epidermis, the top layer of the skin. When the aluminum ions are drawn into ... | [
"Cologne is how perfume is marketed for men. Aftershave is for preventing infections after shaving. It may have ingredients that numb skin a bit (so it doesn't hurt that much) and almost all have some fragrance. Deodorant is for killing body odour caused by bacteria that eats sweat. Antiperspirant is a type of deo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
The word "Meta", and "Meta-Game" | [
"The game is moving the pieces on the board, the meta-game is manipulating the other players' perceptions of how you are going to move the pieces on the board."
] | [
"A picture is worth a thousand words: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why was the number 404 chosen for the error 'not found'? Was it purposeful or random? | [
"The 404 not found is just one of many errors that a web server can return to a requesting client (browser, maybe an app). The HTTP (the language browsers, web servers speak) standard is one of the oldest internet standards and was developed so there'd be consistency across various web servers, browsers. Without it... | [
"What do you mean? Your question needs to be a bit more specific. Are you asking what it is? Or how it's set? Or how the payments are made?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Do we age slower because of earth´s speed? | [
"What I think is something important you're missing is that when time is faster/slower for someone, that affects their perception of time as well. If time was slower for someone, they'd age up slower but they'd perceive themselves aging up at a normal speed."
] | [
"Because we didn't evolve to live indoors as much as we do. Also we are from Africa! Haven't had enough time for our bodies to fully adjust to latitudes with lesser amounts of daylight for parts of the year."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Psychology:"
} |
Why did everyone protest the changes made by Ellen with boycotts and petitions, but aren't doing jack squat about the continued changes that are being implemented by the new CEO? | [
"Seems to me that she made changes and we thought that she was dictating them on the community. When she left and the changes remained and the doctrine remained, I think there was a fatigue that she was not the problem and the fight remained. People are living in the moment of victory and not seeing the lose all ar... | [
"They won't, that's why they're bringing them back online amid protests."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How is a nonviolent gathering of people supposed to help? | [
"> Why don't people do something real to disrupt the status quo? like assassinating rich guys and hacking into banks? Because then the public hates you, which hurts your cause."
] | [
"It might be a form of civil disobedience, refusing to respect the city ordinance as a form of peaceful protest. If you're going by again, why not stop in and ask? It can be fun to learn their views."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are more men in the US overweight, but twice as many women who are classified as extremely obese? | [
"Let's put aside the whole \"what defines obesity\" etc thing for a sec. Just believe that there is a definition that those numbers are derived from. Then, it just means that while fewer women are fat, the fat ones tend to be REALLY fat. Conversely, men are fatter generally, but they don't tend to be blimps. I kno... | [
"men are more likely to die on the job than women, because they are over represented in dangerous jobs. Men are also more likely to be victims of violent crime than women. Men are also more likely to die as a side effect of poverty than women, because men are more likely to be very poor. If a man happens to survive... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why can't they make DSLR's with a "superzoom" capability? | [
"It's a matter of the size of the image sensor... the tiny little sensor on a super zoom camera has a 'normal' (say, 50mm equivalent in a 35mm film camera) focal length is, what, 11mm? So the 600mm equivalent on a 35mm camera is actually (I don't know, it's easy to look up) is maybe 125mm in reality on that tiny s... | [
"> My simple logic would think that making the DSLR lens would be comparatively cheaper because you would not be working with miniature lens and components which will give you more flexibility in design and selecting components. An iPhone has a 4.15 mm lens diameter. A DSLR probably has a 35mm diameter lens. Why wo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How are documentaries allowed to follow people around that do illegal activities and not have to report them? | [
"There are no laws that require the average person to report crimes. The big exception is teachers, medical professionals, etc have to report any suspected child abuse"
] | [
"Only mildly related, but when I saw that title, I imagined a boy band fighting an alien hunter in the jungle, and assumed it was a parody series. As for Chris Hansen and his hard-on (pun intended) for catching child molesters, I'm not 100% sure how legal it is. I imagine that these people are foolishly giving thei... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Law and Entertainment:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Law and Entertainment:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is aliasing? When is it used? | [
"> Aliasing the sort of \"jagged\" appearance that you see when you try to draw diagonal lines on a square or rectangular grid, like the grid of pixels on your monitor. Anti-aliasing is the process of using various shades of color to give the appearance of a smooth line and remove the \"jaggedness\". > See [this i... | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about finance:"
} |
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