query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What makes one Internet browser faster than another one, despite being used on the same Internet? | [
"Several issues: * To view a single web page, you are actually downloading lots of different files (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images, etc.). Some browsers are able to find and download those files more efficiently. * Even after you download all the content, the browser must then render it (i.e., read the HTML and figu... | [
"Phone software and hardware are typically designed for each other. Especially with iPhones, but also with the most popular Androids, the components of the phone are “standardized”; the developer of an app knows what the device running it is capable of, and can design it accordingly to run with minimal hiccups. On ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is computer memory always in multiples of 8? (8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, etc.) | [
"Because those numbers are powers of two. Computers address memory (and do everything else) with binary numbers. It makes sense to have memory in amounts that line up with powers of two because there's no saving in address space if it doesn't. That is, 7KB takes just as much address space as 8KB."
] | [
"Because they lie. If you look on the box it probably says something like \"1TB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes\", but that's not how it actually works. In computers 1kb=1024 bytes. This is because everything in a computer is basically factors of 2. So if you start doubling 1 it goes... 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is happening when someone gets "double jumped" on a trampoline? | [
"The combined weight of the two people make the mat stretch further than one person alone could and when it snaps back the lighter person usually gets throw higher as a result."
] | [
"So you don't accidentally activate it and they know exactly which one was activated."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does modern electronics and appliances have a rounded/curved shape while older electronics and appliances have a squarish/block like shape ? | [
"Ergonomics partly. The other part will be influenced by advancement of technology. Parts get smaller and more compact (and cheaper!), and that means people started housing things in whatever shapes they could produce, whether for comfortability, aesthetics, safety or otherwise - **in a competitive technological ma... | [
"As far as I'm aware, it's simply that LED bulbs have a much smaller light-emitting region, so for a given brightness the light density is much higher. Fluorescent and incandescent bulbs tend to be frosted for consistency and aesthetics, whereas with LED bulbs you're often looking straight at the diode itself. Ther... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Lighting technology:"
} |
How does the Akinator site/app so accurately guess characters/people in so few questions? | [
"It works because many people already answered the questions thinking of the same person as you. Akinator remembers all the answers of its users and uses them to learn what questions and answers lead to what person. If you try describing a very obscure/unknown person akinator will not be able to guess them because ... | [
"Because the answer you see was written by a human. When you enter a phrase, cleverbot look in a database of previous conversations he had. If it don't know the answer, it asks the question to another user. Now it's quite good because it has a huge database of responses. It's like speaking with the internet. He is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is the Mona Lisa so significant in art history? What's so special about it? | [
"Leonardo used a technique that was very unique and innovative called sfumato. The technique was basically \"without using outlines\" and instead Leonardo used brushes of different tones and shades to form the shading and light. As for the smile, the way it was painted was a form of optical illusion. When you focus... | [
"Along with special techniques with composition, The Mona Lisa gets a lot of its attention from its historical background, or more specficially, the lack thereof. - Most paintings at that time took several months at most to complete. The Mona Lisa took 10 years. Why did Leonardo da Vinci take so long? - It is said ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
"No Purchase Necessary" | [
"At least in the U.S., giveaways, sweepstakes, and similar contests are regulated like lotteries and other gambling. Making a sweepstakes \"no purchase necessary\" allows the company organizing it to avoid some onerous regulation."
] | [
"Side 1 - For Vaccines: -Science Side 2 - Against Vaccines: -Paranoid idiocy"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
My dad is having quadruple bypass surgery. What they heck are they going to do to him? | [
"Your heart muscle needs blood to function just as any other muscle does. So in addition to the big chambers of blood that are being pumped, there are other, smaller arteries that deliver blood to the heart muscles. Sometimes these get so plugged up with gunk that the heart muscle can't get enough blood. If they ca... | [
"I guy I knew went in for a regular checkup, told the doc he had some chest pains occasionally. They did a test, had him run on a treadmill with monitors and stuff. Everything checked out ok and according to the doctor he was a very healthy 45 year old with nothing to worry about. Two days later he died of a heart ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does drinking a lot grape soda turn my shit green? | [
"After typing grape soda and green poop in google I believe that the blue food coloring (blue#5) used in grape soda turns green when it reacts with the bile in your stomach."
] | [
"Follow up question, why does apple juice make me fart like no other substance in existence?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
In people with schizophrenia, does the brain only create the feeling of seeing something that isn't there, or does it create an actual 3D image of it and insert it to the picture the person is seeing? | [
"Hallucination, which by the way may affect *all* senses, are pretty much real and experienced by the person as real. We *think* what happens is basically your inner monologue manifesting as *external* stimulus. Basically, when you're thinking to yourself, you're engaging various parts of your brain that represent... | [
"It would depend why they're blind. LSD plays with the thalamus, the part of the brain responsible for deciding which signals go where. If someone had a functional visual center and damaged eyes, they would experience vivid daydreams of visual phenomena that aren't quite as realistic as sight. If they have a damage... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
if aliens show up right now, what is the plan of how we talk to them, assuming they don't speak any human language | [
"You may be interested in the [Voyager Golden Records](_URL_0_). They're a series of images, language, and music engraved onto records and put on the Voyager spacecraft. They include the location of the Solar System in the Milky Way, the characteristics of the various planets, depictions of anatomy, and humans doin... | [
"Dolphins are completely self aware. we just don't care because we can't communicate with them but scientists are learning their language now and hopefully one day we'll be able to tell them all about the miracles of Jesus!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Going off the idea that we never actually 'touch' anything how can something like a knife be sharp, is it just the magnetic field around it that's sharp? | [
"It breaking your structure with its more cohesively bonded structure. Imagine a boat in the water. That displacement is your cut. I think."
] | [
"For something sharp to make a cut, it also takes force to separate the material it's cutting into. So long as the weight of the ant focused on the sharpest point of any object is less that the force required to separate the cells holding them together, tye ant will be fine. And since they're basically weightless, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do our voices sound completely different when we first wake-up? | [
"When you wake up, do you also stretch your arms, and legs, maybe yawn a bit? When you sleep your muscles tighten up, so you need to stretch them. The same happens with your vocal chords, basically just another muscle, but when your chords are tight, your voice is altered. A nice big yawn and yell really helps clea... | [
"Sound travels through your jaw bones to your ears when you speak, distorting how you sound when you hear yourself talking compared to how you actually sound."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Language and Communication:"
} |
Why do we use the word "boot" for turning on a computer? | [
"There is a problem with computers where they need to start programs to run, but they need running programs to start programs. Computers solve this problem by storing a program in special memory which the computer is hard-wired to load first. This process was once called boot-strapping (in reference to the phrase \... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Do smaller animals perceive time at a faster rate than humans? | [
"Generally the smaller an animal is, and the faster its metabolic rate, the slower time passes. ... Our focus was on vertebrates, but if you look at flies, they can perceive light flickering up to four times faster than we can. You can imagine a fly literally seeing everything in slow motion. _URL_0_"
] | [
"There is a complex, scientific way to explain it, but I'll just go the simple route. Essentially, your heightened sense of awareness makes you take in more information than you normally would, hence creating the illusion that time is actually slowing down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are laws for the public interactions with police held to a higher standard, than police with the public? | [
"I'm surprised by that example, spitting is a misdemeanor in California. Anyway, to answer your question, the it is a higher crime to attack *any* emergency employee while they are doing their jobs. This includes medical and fire personnel as well. Punching me in the face off duty In a bar is far different than pu... | [
"Because the laws are written in such a way that things that would be illegal in some contexts are not illegal in others. This question can be phrased in a million ways. Why can a fire truck speed and go through red lights? Why can a police officer hit you? The laws are written in such a way that certain exceptions... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Do we still need Toenails? | [
"Something I can answer! So more likely than not, we'd be fine without toenails. They don't offer much benefit in today's human. They're basically vestigial at this point. However, that doesn't mean we're going to lose them one day (or evolve out of them). There's this misconception with evolution that \"if you don... | [
"> Do we just make it up? Yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are student loan interest rates so high when compared to other rates? | [
"Because a student loan has no collateral. If you can't make the payments on the car, they can take it back. They can't take back your education."
] | [
"To the average person, you might see your rates go up a slight bit, or banks might be less willing to create new loans. On a broad scale, the Federal Reserve loans money out to the big banks, who in turn loan it out to smaller banks, businesses, and people. By raising the interest rate, the Fed is making it more ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Double Clutch Gearbox | [
"It's pretty much like having two transmissions in one. It has (as you would probably assume) two clutches that are both connected to a different shaft. One clutch connects to the odd numbered gears and one connects to the even. It allows the transmission to shift more quickly by allowing the transmission (through ... | [
"Buy a Chimney! Weber Stephen Company 7429 Rapid Fire Chimney Starter, Silver _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The differences between First, Second, Third, and Fourth Waves of Feminism | [
"The way I keep it straight in my head: First wave is a woman's right to be a person. Owning property, getting divorced, voting, basically having an identity beyond being an extension of some man. Second wave is a woman's right to do whatever a man can. Have any job, hold positions of leadership, etc. Reproductive ... | [
"1. They are ridiculously expensive 2. The global decline in Nationalism in favor of Globalism"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a park like Disneyland know when everyone has left the park. | [
"They actually have an after hours crew of around 600 that maintain the park. If someone were left behind, they'd be caught."
] | [
"Money. They just pay into the local economy and get to shoot there. The city area will get notified in advance. City workers help close off the area needed while filming as everyone flocks to watch the filming happen. Win win for all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why/how do scents evaporate or diminish? | [
"Smells are simply particles that diffuse into the air, bind to receptors in your nose and activate them. Purely by random movements these scent particle will continue diffusing until they bind to or are trapped by something. To use your pie example, some of the scent particles will bind to others things (furniture... | [
"Glass and ceramic hold the heat so moisture will evaporate off. Plastic cools quite quickly so moisture will not have the opportunity to evaporate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
when animating characters, do they record the dialogue first and make the animation match, or vice-versa? | [
"I believe they record first, then animate. That way they can put in the little motions the actors make with their face or body."
] | [
"They record the song first and when they're filming the video they play the song in the background so the artists can lipsync over it, they'll do this various different times in different scenes and cut them all together for the final edit"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Animation:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Animation:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do they make fireworks colorful and explode in shapes like hearts? | [
"[Quick color guide](_URL_6_) [sparkles](_URL_4_) are done by different metal powders/flakes. the first thing to note is that all of these fireworks are hand-made. for different shapes, they literally pack the stars (gunpowder+coloring, sometimes something to slow the burn rate) into the shell in that shape. for ex... | [
"The flames are made of the combusting material. As the molecules heat up they glow and rise into the air, creating the look of the flame."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why aren't there public referendums/votes more frequently? | [
"They are wildly expensive. When one US state holds one special election with just one question, the typical cost is in the millions of dollars. In addition, most citizens don't take the time to participate, nor to become well-informed on the issues. E-voting, if people felt it was safe enough, could drive down the... | [
"That's only for a few states, which have parts of their own constitutions that allow for public referendums and propositions. Prop 8 was voted on in California, and it only applies to California, so the US Constitution has no bearing on it. Massachusetts also allows for public referendums to be taken, which can ei... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why can we eat almost any part of most living things without incident, but eating some brains and cows with mad cow disease are dangerous to us? | [
"This is because of prions, which are infectious misfolded proteins. They exist only in the brain and are transmitted when someone/thing eats infected brain matter. The prions cause the host's proteins to misfold, causing cell death. This creates the characteristic spongy brain associated with prion diseases like K... | [
"I'm far from an expert, but my understanding is that humans gave up a lot of intestinal fortitude when we started cooking food. By cooking we could kill bacteria and denature proteins pre-digestion, which took a lot of the pressure off of our guts to do that. Over time our immune responses became weaker relative t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why currency appreciation is bad? | [
"If you are in a position where your economy depends on cheap exports you would want to keep your currency relatively weak compared to your trading partners. Because if your exports get too expensive, they'll go somewhere else and you won't have an economy."
] | [
"The US can, and sometimes does, devalue the dollar. But that comes with downsides as well as upsides. There's a time to devalue the dollar and a time to strengthen it based on the needs of the economy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is chickenpox less serious in young children than in adults? Also, a question about shingles. | [
"Shingles is not contagious in the sense that you can give shingles to someone else. You can, however, give someone chicken pox when you have shingles. I learned this since I got shingles the same weekend I was supposed to attend two separate toddler birthday parties (which I opted to skip)."
] | [
"It's called jaundice and it implies liver failure. It also occurs in babies under six months old because their liver hasn't fully developed before birth. It's not a serious condition in infants but it is one in adults often leading to needing a liver transplant. Jaundice in adults is caused by a number of illnesse... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do electronics manufacturers use abnormal screws instead of simple Philips Screws? | [
"Come on people.. think about this one. Automated assembly means that you have machines working to insert and drive those screws. Bits like triangular or Torx are much better for this as they won't slip and the screw will stay locked into the bit better. This prevents stripped screws and allows better automation on... | [
"Actually each type has different applications. Wood screws have wider threads and are tapered . Machine screws have no taper and consistent threads. Sheet metal screws have extreme tapered thread with slight tightening thread pattern at top. Deck screws have two different threads of the same shaft. Drywall screws ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does it sound like music is coming from direct center when two speakers are positioned equally on the sides? | [
"One explanation is that it's impossible for any two natural things to make exactly the same sound. Your brain (etc) can calculate the spatial origin of a sound because of the tiny differences between what one ear and the other ears hears. If the sound is reaching both ears simultaneously, then the most probable ca... | [
"There might be a physical difference. in some headphones they are mirror images of each other. In others they are interchangeable. but much sound is in stereo. This means that separate sounds are sent to each of the two earphones. If you are watching a show, this could make a real difference. A noise from left of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do many known geniuses/people who have high IQs are usually possessed with low EQs/social problems? Has it got something to do with parts of the brain compensating with another? | [
"It's a myth made popular by tv. In college, I met many geniuses. They were heavily mixed between out going and introverted. Obviously some fit along the autistic spectrum, but that is really not a lot. What tv show about geniuses have you been watching recently?"
] | [
"We know that genetic defects can easily render a person mentally retarded, and we know that education and focus can make a mentally healthy person into a very intelligent person. Maybe some people have genetic mutations that allow them to achieve \"genius\" at certain subjects, but there is no hard evidence for th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does "beheaded" mean "having the head removed" but "bespectacled" means "wearing glasses"? | [
"because etymology of this two words is different: bespectacled: 1742, past participle adjective from be- + spectacles. beheaded: Old English beheafdian, from be-, here with privative force, + heafod (see head (n.)). Related: Beheaded; beheading."
] | [
"It's mostly instinct, based on their body language, and sometimes just their physical appearance. And that gut feeling is probably wrong as often as it's right. And as an aside, the word you want is \"wary\", not \"weary\". \"Weary\" (rhymes with \"cheery\") means \"tired, exhausted\". \"Wary\" (rhymes with \"Gary... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do talk show guests who have shirt microphones change to a big hand mic when singing? | [
"Hand mics can pick up a greater range of pitch; singers pull mics away when singing louder so they don't distort. Plus they are used to performing live with a mic in hand."
] | [
"Hard to interview people with a headset mic and news crews usually consist only of the camera person and the reporter, which leaves no one to hold a boom mic overhead."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If left untreated, how does cancer kill a person? | [
"Organ failure, usually. Cancer cells generally do not perform the functions of the cells they're supposed to be - so a cancerous muscle cell doesn't contract properly, a cancerous kidney cell doesn't filter properly, and so on. When cancers spread around the body (as most fatal cancers do), they displace cells tha... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do blankets make us warm? | [
"Heat flows from hot to cold bodies. The air outside is cold and the heat from your body goes out to heat the air. That is why you feel cold. When you put on a blanket, the air inside the blanket is heated and becomes the same temperature as your body. So, are you no longer feel cold. At least that is what they tau... | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What are the benefits to holding votes in the middle of the night? | [
"I assume you're talking about the US congress, but also it's a concern for corporate boards, nonprofits, and other collaborative bodies. Two reasons: one benign, and one not. The benign one is that sometimes you just want to get the thing done. Everyone has been talking about it for 13 hours, it's now the middle... | [
"Because there is a lot of distance between us, compared to just about every other country."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is Taoism exactly and what does a Taoist believe/practice? | [
"Try [The Tao of Pooh.](_URL_0_) That might be suitable for a 5yo. Otherwise \"it is what it is\" pretty much sums up Taoism."
] | [
"Secular Buddhism: This guy Buddha said some insightfull things. Atheism: There is no god or divine being of any form or type. Agnosticism: Nobody knows anything for sure. Apatheism: Who cares, I certainly don't."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come there are no or barely any stars visible in pictures of the moon landing? Wouldn't the stars be more visible since there isn't light pollution? | [
"There is light pollution, lots of it, it's day time on the moon in those scenes. Just like here on earth the sun over powers the dim distant stars, but of course the sky isn't blue on the moon because there is no sky, just more space. Also the moon is pure white so It can make you snow blind. The astronaut's visor... | [
"Just as many stars can be seen from space. The pictures we see from space are normally taken facing the sun, the moon, or the earth. In those pictures the objects in question are far too bright the camera isn't able to get light from the stars. But we have **plenty** of pictures from space facing away from earth/s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How much power did confederate governors have in the American Civil war | [
"They had the power to answer your homework questions"
] | [
"Follow up. If the American colonies were so upset by the raised taxes from the French and Indian war how did other British colonies view the war of independence?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can a role like Heath Ledger's "Joker" be hazardous? | [
"It's a mental thing. A lot of actors thoroughly and fully immerse themselves in their \"character\" so they can portray them as accurately as possible. Some get so deep into it that they could have trouble coming back out when they're done - if you live it enough it becomes YOU - and the 'character' becomes part o... | [
"I was always under the impression that they would cast the actor that played the role the best, and then ask them to adapt their body to the requirements. For example, Renee Zellweger was on a 4000 calorie diet for Bridget Jones and Bradley Cooper put on 40 pounds of muscle mass for American Sniper. 50 Cent lost 5... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does time feel so much longer when exercising compared to other activities? | [
"The Theory of relativity. The same reason time seems to pass In a blink when you're enjoying a night with friends, yet seems to last an eternity during the last 10 minutes of work."
] | [
"They also don't (hopefully) get to take a break and rest. Rest is an important part of building muscle. The heart works constantly. Sure it gets to slow down some while you're sleeping or lounging in a recliner, but even your resting heart rate is work."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What exactly was Obama responsible for doing during his first term, good or bad (without bias if possible)? | [
"friend posted this online during the most recent campaigning season _URL_0_"
] | [
"Some people are against the philosophy of it, i.e. having the government involved in their health. Others have practical issues with introducing a new bureaucracy to our ever-growing government/deficit. Others still have both philosophical and practical problems with many aspects of the act. And then some people j... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
The push to deny corporations personhood. How are corporations currently exploiting their status as individuals? | [
"The problem is that corporations are not people. Real people eventually die, real people do not have billions of dollars (most anyway), and real people can be held criminally responsible. First one is obvious. Second one is bad because a corporation can throw insane amounts of money to get rally for legislation t... | [
"If what they do is actually illegal, they often do. But the tax code is complex, and most of the tax dodges take advantage of loopholes in the tax code rather than just outright breaking it. That being said, the \"corporations are people\" notion is a misconception. They were ruled to be people *in the sense that ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does an automatic watch - a device that tracks something as simple time - such an incredibly intricate series of tiny cogs, levers and pendulums on the inside? | [
"I think you are looking at it from the perspective of modern technology. Now a days the mechanical complexity of most products is a lot lower than it would have been before computers. For example look at a [mechanical calculator] (_URL_0_). Now a days you can still buy very complex watches because it's just impre... | [
"Some of them simply used weights to drive a pendulum and gears to make the clock work. My parents have one that uses carefully weighted rocks to apply just the right amount of force to drive the gears. A system of ratchets attached to a pendulum allows the rock to drop very slowly while also rotating the hand (it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do worms come out from the ground all the time when it rains? | [
"The simple answer is \"because they can\" Normally a worm near the surface would turn back because it was too dry. But when it's wet their adventures can bring them to the surface. And for every worm who makes it to the surface there's about a hundred more that don't bother. If the rain really chased them upto t... | [
"Here are a few ways to tell the two apart: 1. When butterflies land on something, their wings will be up vertically; moth wings will be flat horizontally 2. Butterflies are usually active during the day, while moths are more active at night There are some exceptions to this rule, but for the most part it works"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
after traumatic injury, why do scars develop, instead of healing without a trace? | [
"Avast ye! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: What is scar tissue and why does it develop? ](_URL_4_) ^(_14 comments_) 1. [Why do some people scar more than others? ](_URL_5_) ^(_6 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Why can't scars heal? ](_URL_9_) ^(_51 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What factors determ... | [
"Tattoo ink becomes embedded in fibroblasts, cells that are very important in healing. Andi t just kinda stays there, the tissue they heal carrying the same color as the ink. It actually intentionally destroys a bunch of the epidermis tissue that was ther ebefore the injection. Unfortunately this does tend to over ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
Why is online privacy so important in making online purchases, when job applications and resumes have much much more personal information on them, yet they're freely uploaded/sent usually unencrypted? | [
"Mainly because online purchases contain your credit card information / method of payment info. Your resume doesn't have your credit card number and ccv and expiry date on it"
] | [
"Contrary to popular belief, your home address is not considered \"sensitive data\", so can legally be obtained from many sources. Granted, your employer, friends, and family should/will be unwilling or flat out refuse to share it with strangers. But your address, phone number, e-mail, etc are not officially consid... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are there so many abandoned cars in the woods? | [
"Drive car into woods, file a stolen vehicle report, collect insurance money. same reason they wind up in water bodies as well. Insurance fraud"
] | [
"You can't just... build a highway in the middle of the city. There's stuff around."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Transportation:"
} |
Why can't buying a car be as simple and pleasant as buying any other commodity? | [
"because normally people don't have the money or available credit to buy cars the way they buy groceries. Car dealerships have to see if anyone is willing to loan you $25,000 to buy something."
] | [
"Well, for one, that's not true. You can often haggle for any number of different types of purchases. But in general, arguing over the price of a tomato just isn't worth the hassle. Cars are very expensive, so it makes much more sense to try and negotiate a better price. Same for homes. I also haggle with the store... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How houses are numbered. | [
"By lots, I think. For instance, if you could fit two houses in between the first house on the road and the second one, the second house's number would be 4. On long roads, the numbers get really high because there are many many lots."
] | [
"Because roads in Europe are abnormally narrow. Source: I live in Europe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
can Cats see Rainbows? | [
"Studies have shown that cats have some colour vision so they would be able to see the colours of a rainbow. Their colour perception is probably more limited and is definitely different from human vision so the colours would look different to them. Note that even totally colour-blind creatures can still see rainbow... | [
"Unrelated, but the \"Big Cat Rescue\" channel on YouTube answers a lot of questions like this. Q: Do TIGERS like catnip?? _URL_7_ Do BIG Cats Like Catnip? *PART 2 - The \"Science\"... _URL_6_ Big Cats + Mirrors = Funny! _URL_4_ BIG CATS like boxes too! _URL_5_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why won't the US Government release how many Americans were on board the Malaysian flight shot down over Ukraine? | [
"\"According to a statement published on the airline’s website Thursday night passenger nationalities were as follows: 154 Dutch; 43 citizens of Malaysia; 27 from Australia; 12 from Indonesia; 9 from the United Kingdom; 4 each from Germany and Belgium; 3 from the Philippines; and on from Canada. The nationalities o... | [
"Plane shot down in Ukraine, Israel began ground invasion of Gaza, etc"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What could cause lights in the sky during a thunderstorm which isn't lightning? | [
"It's lightning that you couldn't see, being reflected off the clouds. Very likely cloud-to-cloud lightning."
] | [
"Lightning strikes the same place all the time. Go to anywhere that has tall isolated buildings and you'll see them get struck over and over during a thunderstorm."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people sometimes get goosebumps or shivers when listening to music. | [
"Dear god I hope someone answers this thread because this happens to me all the time...especially after just shaving my legs."
] | [
"Mirror neurons? The same reason happy movies make us happy, and the same reason we are more likely to yawn when we see others yawn, or feel sad when we see others cry. We empathize with the characters in horror movies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does 220 volts AC work? | [
"The wire that was originally at +110 alternates to -110, and the one that was originally -110 alternates to +110. Actually it is -155 and +155, because 110 (and 220) are not the peak voltages, but rather the RMS average voltage. But that isn't very ELI5. And things are different outside the US, too."
] | [
"Those sockets are running Direct Current, what the entire power system uses in automobiles. Our Alternating Current devices would not run without converter$."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are humans the only species that needs brush their teeth? Do other species' teeth rot and fall out faster than humans? | [
"We're the only species who has invented stuff like Twinkies, Ho-Hos, Nutella, Toblerone, Reese's Pieces, sugar cane cola, macadamia nut ice cream, rocky road, cherry jam, Dr Pepper and honey chai latte."
] | [
"They don't, really. Wild animals have dental problems much earlier and much faster than animals in captivity whose owners force better dental hygeine on them. For many wild animals, this means the age they live to in the wild can be drastically lower than it would be in captivity, as many animals die shortly after... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do you get tax breaks when married? | [
"You don't necessarily. You get tax breaks for owning a home and having kids, but my ex wife and I lived in an apartment. When we filed jointly we got much less than we would have had we been single."
] | [
"Why does it cost money to get divorced? Because it's worth it!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If Denuvo-protected games are uncrackable, why can MGS5 be played? | [
"Lets say that the game its a house. Denuvo was a lock to the the door. They found a hole in the wall, the lock wasnt craked yet."
] | [
"Ubisoft is notorious for the DRM (Digital Rights Management) in the games they make. The most frequent example of it is the requirement to be connect to the internet at all times while you play. So if you wanted to play for example single player Assassins Creed but where offline no dice. The reason for the DRM wa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How Does Acne medicine actually get rid of acne? | [
"Topical treatments like salicylic acid cleans the pore very well (better than ordinary soap or facial wash) and prevents them from being clogged. If that doesn't work you can get Accutane, it shrinks oil glands and prevents skin from producing oil so there's little chance for pores to get clogged (the side effect ... | [
"To clear the urinary tract so as to prevent UTI's."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do phones/computers/tablets keep time while they are turned off? | [
"They don't, in most cases. If you take the sim card out of a cell phone and turn it off, it'll likely have the wrong time. This is because the first thing the device gets from the carrier is the current time. Non cellular devices have a little battery that keeps time even while off."
] | [
"Electronics don't have lights to indicate they're off. If they are off then by definition there's no power to run the lights. However, some electronics *do* have lights to tell you they're on standby or low power mode. This is important because you need to know whether certain devices are still powered to ensure t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
Why do urban areas in USA consist of multiple cities and towns while european cities usually create a single urban area? | [
"In Europe, large cities grew up from towns that grew over a large period of time and either annexed or merged with other nearby communities naturally. In the U.S., towns were formed and grew quickly under a modern legal architecture where they remained separate governing entities. Note though that even in Europe l... | [
"A municipal area is defined by law with strict boundaries. Basically if any city has certain ordinances or taxes then that applies to those lviing in the municipal area. Metropolitan area is kinda more fuzzy as it looks on how people interact in a region. for example where they live and where they work, or shop, e... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
The tension between politicians such as Boris Johnson and the public? | [
"Boris was a key figurehead behind the vote to leave the country, something that 49 percent of those who voted voted against (and the 'regrexit' voters) are a little bit irritated with. Furthermore, many see the his large involvement in the referendum to have a pretty hefty political incentive, in that he would mos... | [
"The conservative party are in power, and the conservative party members elect the leader of the party. It's that simple."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What's different about HBO, Showtime, etc that enables them show virtually unrestricted content where other channels must censor nudity, certain language and situations? | [
"They are premium channels. You pay specifically for that channel, so they don't have to follow nearly the same rules as public network broadcasts. There are also premium channels that literally just show porn 24 hours a day."
] | [
"As long as it's not network tv, you can show nudity. On cable tv, all you need is the TV-MA rating or be a commercial for a time slot for that programming. Network TV (FOX, ABC, NBC, etc.) are restricted in that they are available for free over-the-air (OTA), so they much maintain \"decency\". The reason some cabl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does it feel good to rub your eyes when you’re tired? | [
"Your eyes are dry and rubbing them stimulates the glands to produce more fluid. It’s also connected to your heart, slowing it down when you rub your eyes, basically helping you calm down and sleep."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does it seem like some colors look good together and others clash? | [
"As with most things dealing with human perception, there is probably an evolutionary basis for what colors look good together (for humans at least). Perhaps during hunter-gatherer times, certain color combinations in nature would indicate whether food was fresh or, if it was unsafe to eat. There are probably many ... | [
"It's just a matter of eye sensitivity and personal opinion. It's just like having contacts. Some people can wear them, and it freaks others out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are there regional locks on certain online content from the US? | [
"Cor the Colbert Report and Daily Show, it is because the channel/site they are on in the US do not own foreign rights, or the rights for where you are. You need to go to your domestic licensor. Similar for Netflix. Rights for the US and your country are separate (an may be owned by a separate party), and Netflix h... | [
"The rights to a program/show are not blanket for all countries, some go to Company X and some to Company Y in another country."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What actually happens when you enter a meditative state? | [
"Meditation is just an excercise of mindfulness or concentration. Basicly you just keep mindful of a certain object or bodily function. you can practice meditation of walking, eating, breathing, etc. With just doing meditation of mindfulness you get better, your perception improves and you can percieve things about... | [
"You are waking up in the middle of a sleep cycle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health:"
} |
How does a speech jammer actually work? | [
"By *speech jammer* I'm assuming you mean one of [these](_URL_0_). In which case it plays a slightly delayed version of the targets speech back to them through headphones etc, preventing them from making coherent utterances. The reason why this makes it difficult to speak is because a vital component of speaking i... | [
"Imagine a situation: I cant hear you talking right now. Does that mean you have no voice?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What time is it on the International Space Station? | [
"It uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is the standard which the world uses to regulate time. All time zones on earth a based on a positive or negative offset from this standard. For *most* intents and purposes, UTC is nearly the same as Greenwich Mean Time. So, at the time of you asking, it was approxim... | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If approx. 80% of dust is dead human skin cells, how does dust collect in a long-empty house? | [
"According to QI the 80% thing is just a myth. *This is one of those “Eww! Gross!” factoids that sound very scientific, but isn’t really true. Sometimes a specific percentage of dust is said to be skin, usually about 70 or 80 percent, but unless you’re a molting bird or reptile (or you work in Dr. Frankenstein’s la... | [
"They get covered in dust. There is an anormous amount of road/tire dust deposited from passing vehicles and the environment, and that dust gets repeatedly smushed into the roadway. Its really just a lot of dust. EDIT: so option D, other"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does alcohol do to the body/mind and why do we find it fun? | [
"Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. Low doses have a euphoric effect; they literally make you *feel good.* Higher doses bring on all the bad things that come with drunkenness, like lability, ataxia, loss of fine motor control, nausea and vomiting and eventually anesthesia, coma and death if you take th... | [
"If you drink coffee every day to wake yourself up in the morning, you will eventually become addicted. How would this contribute to you becoming addicted to alcohol, tobacco or methamphetamines? They're completely different drugs with different effects, different feelings and, most importantly, different chemistry... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is Economic Growth considered an economic problem? | [
"Legitimate growth should not be a problem. Artificially fast growth, or a bubble, is dangerous since assets are overvalued and will eventually correct themselves, causing the owners a lot of grief."
] | [
"Republican: Economic freedom, social control Democrat: Economic control, Social freedom Facism: Economic control, social control Libertarian: Economic freedom, social freedom"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are judges given discretion in deciding penalties for crimes? | [
"In theory, to make sure the punishment fits the circumstances surrounding a crime. If someone robs a convenience store because their kid needed lifesaving medical treatment and the person genuinely appears to feel terrible about it, yes he still deserves to be punished. But, most would argue he shouldn't serve th... | [
"Singapore is very authoritarian and treats crime extremely harshly. Corporal punishment (caning) for minor infractions is not uncommon, and the death penalty is regularly applied, even for nonviolent crimes like drug trafficking."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
- why does cold water taste vastly better than warm/hot? | [
"It’s an evolutionary thing. We like cold water because it’s healthier. Warm water is the breeding ground for lots of dangerous bacteria. That’s why if you need warm water when cooking you heat it up in the microwave or in a kettle."
] | [
"It's not the temperature of the water that matters it's where it comes from. Cold water is usually brought straight from the main or well and is fresh and safe to drink. The hot water can sit sometimes for days in your hot water heater which although should be sanitary it's not always the case. Also hot water can... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The Austrian School of Economics. | [
"Haha that stuff is well beyond ELI5. Honestly I doubt a lot of people with tertiary degrees in commerce would understand all the concepts used in those paras. At a very simple level, Austrian Economists generally argue that the state (ie the government) should not interfere in the markets. This has a lot of implic... | [
"The Art of War in the Western World - Archer Jones"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Education:"
} |
Why haven't we come up with an easier way to get to the top of Mount Everest? | [
"The reason they want to go there is *because* it is dangerous and difficult and life threatening. They aren't going up there for the view and to get a tan. Regardless, standing at that altitude has seriously life threatening effects. Climbers need to acclimate for weeks to be able to survive it. Making it eas... | [
"And more importantly how do I get one for myself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about biology:"
} |
Why does sports tape help get rid of pain? | [
"First my physiotherapist told me there IS actually something in the tape but it isn't a painkiller, it is a substance that penetrates the skin and helps contracted muscles relax. Anyway, the tape actually works even by himself: it keeps the muscle in a neutral position so that it can recover from the injury. The t... | [
"Short answer: Cold helps reduce swelling and inflammation. Heat helps relax tense or tight muscles. So yes, good for different types of injuries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If the shortest distance between two points is a straight line between them, then why do airplane trajectories appear curved when view on a screen ? Does the earth's curvature make it appear this way or do other factors play in on this ? | [
"Sometimes it does just appear they are curved. Such as going across the pond, it looks more curved because the earth is round. If you could flatten it out(without warping) it would be straighter. Also, winds play a part in the route as well. The most direct route is always a straight line, but that doesn't mean it... | [
"It would look flatter, but because the curvature of the earth is undetectable by the human eye until you are a few miles up, it would look pretty much the same. On a much smaller planet, the horizon would have a noticeable curve to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Astronomy:"
} |
why when stopped at a red light does it feel like my car is moving? | [
"If you feel this having just come to a stop at a red light, this is down to a thing called Inertia Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its state of motion, including changes to its speed and direction. It is the tendency of objects to keep moving in a straight line at constant veloci... | [
"Same way a car keeps going along when the driver passes out, but with a lot less stuff to hit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come you burn more calories cycling than walking | [
"You burn more calories walking based on *distance*, and more calories cycling based on *time*. Cycling can get you from point A to point B more efficiently, but you get tired more quickly over the same time period when compared to walking (i.e. you can walk an hour and be less tired than cycling for an hour, but y... | [
"It burns very few calories. Rough estimate put that you burn only about 50% more calories compared to normal sitting. You're also not building muscle or improving cardiovascular so the health benefits are minimal at best."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are cadavers maintained and preserved in a morgue? | [
"Bagged and kept in the fridge till they are picked up by the funeral home. The cold slows the growth of microorganisms that lead to decomposition. The body gets pretty dried out in those fridges, but they stay in relatively shape"
] | [
"What i want to say: All-You-Can-Eat Ribs... By the Dumpster buuuuut the real answer is. That depends on a number of factors including: Any health-related issues suffered by the patient. Whether or not the limb may need to be preserved for additional medical testing or as evidence in a criminal case. The personal ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do some people silently mouth the words you're speaking along with you as you talk to them? | [
"Probably improves understanding. At least you know they're paying attention to what you're saying. Some people have a hard time focusing, their minds wander."
] | [
"I always watch their mouth instead. I find it awkward to look someone right in the eye when talking with them, feel like I'm staring."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why wouldn't a drag queen shave off xir facial hair? Isn't the point of drag to look as much like a woman as possible? | [
"You're referring to Conchita Wurst. Conchita Wurst is a character created by Thomas Neuwirth, who had often suffered discrimination as a homosexual. The point is about acceptance: it shouldn't matter what a person looks like or what they sound like or how they dress, and it shouldn't matter what a person's sexuali... | [
"I suppose they just sort of idolize the androgynous look. There is a culture of women in Thailand that raise, and cull their sons specifically in the hopes of surgically modifying them into women when they're in their teens because they like the idea of their child not being any particular gender."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If all money created is loaned at any interest rate (by the fed), doesn't that mean there will never be enough money to pay back the all the debts? | [
"No, because it doesn't all have to be paid back at the same time. It's a fundamental basis for why loans work at all. If you always had to have enough cash on hand to pay back a loan, there would be no point in getting a loan in the first place"
] | [
"These days money is mostly created by the banks. When you take out a loan the money is created out of nothing. The bank says that you now have $100K to spend, and you owe them $100K plus interest. The vast majority of the non-physical money that circulates is simply debt to a bank. When you repay the loan, the mon... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
- Why antiques are worth less when they are restored, but also worth less if they haven't been restored? | [
"It depends on the type of item and the quality of the restoration. For most types of furniture, for example, a high quality (professional) restoration should increase the value unless the item was originally in very good condition beforehand. For items like coins, however, almost any cleaning method you use will r... | [
"The modern furniture you're seeing is cheap modern furniture. There's modern furniture that holds up well, but it costs a lot more. Why wasn't there cheap furniture years ago? There was. But you don't see it any more, because none of it survived to this day -- *because it was cheap*."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can artists get sued when their song is similar to another song but parodies are legal. | [
"Two things: 1) Weird Al always gets permission before parodying a song. 2) Parody is explicitly protected in copyright law, as its generally understood that everyone has a right to make fun of a work of art."
] | [
"If you plan to sell copies of the cover song you have to get permission from the publisher, except for instances where the song is so old that it has entered public domain. This may include payment or royalties to the original song creators. Some bands/publishers are very generous with their cover licensing, some ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about music:"
} |
We hear a lot about China owning billions and billions in U.S. debt, and about that debt skyrocketing into the trillions. So can someone please explain just what the U.S. debt is, and if/when/how it will drag us down? | [
"The largest holder of US debt is actually (wait for it)... the US Govt. By orders of magnitude. See Quantitative Easing. So, in essence, when the debt comes due... we pay ourselves... I'll let someone smarter than me ELI5 that one for you."
] | [
"Surprisingly, we're not as in debt as you might think. The biggest holder of U.S. debt is actually U.S. citizens and corporations. And for every dollar of our debt that is held by a foreign interest, we hold about 89 cents of foreign debt. So, it really isn't as big an issue as you might think. And becoming isolat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Are there different degrees of murder (because I've heard of first degree murder)? If so what are they? | [
"The names and definitions varies by jurisdiction, but typically you have categories for: * Premeditated murder - you planned to kill someone * Simple murder - murder without prior planning * Voluntary manslaughter - a reckless, violent act not intended to kill * Involuntary manslaughter - accidental by recklessly ... | [
"You're not always guilty of what you're being charged with There are various degrees of homicide. Someone could have killed someone accidentally, but if they didn't plan to do it then they aren't guilty of Murder 1(pre-meditated murder) It's up to the State to show that someone is guilty of specific crimes, not ju... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How Mathematicians can figure out when an extremely large number is prime or not? (E.G. 2^[57885161]-1) | [
"For a very large number, such as your example, there isn't enough computing power in the world to divide by every single prime number that's smaller than it (or even its square root). We resort to other primality tests to test very large numbers for primality. The primality test that has been used to find the larg... | [
"2^2 = 4 So 2^2^2 = 2^4 = 16 And 2^2^2^2 = 2^16 = 65546 So then 2^2^2^2^2^2 = 2^65546 which is way too big for your calculator. It does not equal 2^32 That would be 2^(2×2×2×2×2)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If I drink half of a 5 Hour Energy, will I only get 2.5 hours of energy out of the deal. Or will I get 5 hours of 1/2 energy strength? | [
"You will get 5 hours of half strength. *Most of the time* (certain chemicals are the exception) including this case, dosage does not affect metabolic rate. In layman's terms; your body will \"burn\" different amounts of caffeine at the same rate. The only variable is how much is present at any given time. Caffeine... | [
"The issue here is that exercise burns a lot fewer calories than people assume it does. Let's say you go out and run a mile in 6 minutes flat. You're an average guy, a little heavy at 200 pounds. How many calories did you just burn? A thousand? 500? Surely enough to burn off that 12 oz. soda you drank earlier, righ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why is it that when I'm stressed I have to yawn multiple times before it "catches"? What is the feeling of it catching anyway? | [
"Reading this made me yawn. Literally. So contagious that even seeing the word makes it happen."
] | [
"It's a feeling of restlessness, usually in legs but you can get in your arms also, that is so strong you literally cannot keep those limbs still for more than a few seconds. So, you move said limbs. And it just starts over again, ad infinitum. I've tried so many times to over power it with my mind, but I've found ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does stretching feel so euphoric? | [
"Basically it helps circulate blood through your body. You don't feel good when blood pools in your body."
] | [
"It isn't chemically addictive. However, anything can become psychologically addictive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about health:"
} |
How do zip files manage to compress and store information? | [
"Consider the following: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Thirty X's in a row Both lines describe the same thing, but the second one takes up a lot less space. That's how ZIP files work."
] | [
"They typically are, although not as .zip format. The download is compressed as much as possible - have you not noticed that the installer is much smaller than the installed game?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If sodium is so unhealthy, why is salt an appealing flavor? | [
"Sodium is not inherently unhealthy. In fact, it's *necessary* for us to survive. The problem is *too much* sodium. So the reason that we like it is the same reason that fat and sugar taste appealing: We evolved in an environment of scarcity, where, if we came across one of these things, we *really* needed to consu... | [
"Salt and sugar are both needed for your body to operate. Salt is needed for your cells to be able to pass water and nutrients across your cell membranes, and sugar is needed to power your cells. Your draw to eat them is based on that, not a dopamine addiction. Pepper is a spicing agent and non-addictive. So once ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are truly random numbers significantly advantageous to pseudorandom numbers? | [
"I am officially selling random numbers now. 13! (the first one's free)"
] | [
"The Mersenne Twister does not generate random numbers. In fact, the sequence generated repeats every 4.3x10^6001 numbers. The numbers generated are *pseudorandom*, which is to say they are deterministic but have the appearance of being random to the casual observer. For most practical purposes, pseudorandom is con... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do most drinks taste better when you drink them out of a glass container? | [
"Glass is very stable meaning that it does not give out any particles. If you put plastic or metal in your mouth you will taste the particles it gives off. However glass will not have any taste."
] | [
"Some glasses help create bubbles. Some glasses allow a greater surface volume so the wine can oxidize or breathe. A good wine takes a lot of care to make and the right glass helps not ruin that. However I am guilty of drinking wine out of a plastic glass many a time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
ISIS seems to have all the weapons and money it needs to fight like it was an established country. Where is this coming from? It seems like one of the major world players must be supplying them. Why can't we just cut off their supply line? | [
"Imagine there was an oil well, and an opium field, and a bank. Then imagine two governments were fighting over who would get to run the oil well, the opium field, and the bank. Then a gang came and took over the oil well, and the two governments couldn't stop them because they were two busy fighting each other. Th... | [
"We invaded, obliterated their infrastructure, ended up causing an enormous humanitarian crisis, and then dropped the ball when the extremists (first Al Qaeda, now ISIS) moved in and started blowing things up. After we left, Iraq was stable (not ideal, but still stable) for a time, but now the ISIS extremists have ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about current affairs:",
"pos": "Represent the document about current affairs:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't you sell yourself "blocks" of prepaid hours of your own time at a near 0 rate, then "resell" those "blocks" and pay capital gains instead of normal income tax? | [
"You can't sell something to yourself or someone close to you (i.e. your wife) and expect anyone to accept the sale price as the fair market value. It's not what is called an \"arm's length transaction\". This is the same reason you can't circumvent inheritance taxes by \"selling\" a house to your grandchild for $1... | [
"Im not sure, but they buy debt for a fraction of the price and then usually earn significant amounts on there purchase before writing the rest off."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what does it mean when someone tells you to "ping" them? | [
"Pinging someone usually needs context. It depends on the most frequent medium of instant communication involved and therefore can be sending a message on any one (or more) of the following: * text based SMS * whatsapp * google chat ping You get the drift."
] | [
"do they squirm when you squeeze them? if so yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
My Suitemate is blasting bass on his subwoofer to ungodly levels. I tried recording it from my room on my iPhone but it didn't record anything. Why? | [
"Because those frequencies are either too low for the microphone on your phone to pick up, OR it DID record, but the tiny speaker in your phone is too small to play frequencies that low."
] | [
"One of my roommates and I both waste far too much time on reddit, I have been listening to these odd blowing sounds coming from the other room for about 5 minutes. Then I found this thread... It all makes since now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
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