query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
why does spicy food burn coming out too? | [
"Human bodies are not 100%/efficient. There is a good amount of food value in solid human waste. When you eat something spicy its spiciness usually comes from a chemical called capsaicin which irritates all tissue it contacts (in mammals). This why you can irritate your eyes if you rub them after handling jalapeños... | [
"1. it passes through your mouth. Many of the things that are stinky are in your mouth. 2. you have trouble smelling when exhaling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do major corporations insist their employees book travel through overpriced sites? | [
"They are probably getting a volume discount or the upper management is getting some sort of perk that you aren't privy to. Free/upgraded flights if you spend above X dollars... discounted/free suites... that sort of stuff. Either that or someone in management is buddies with someone at the travel company and is d... | [
"Yes, they earn commissions. All of these online travel sites, whether for hotels or flights or whatever, are just travel agencies with a web-based storefront. Like traditional travel agencies, they earn a commission from the airline/hotel when they make a booking."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
The suffixes after names in Japanese (e.g. -chan, -kun, -san) | [
"-chan is for when you call someone cute, or younger people. -kun is for friends, your buddies. -san is for adults and general people you want to adress politely It's only used when addressing someone directly, not for yourself. It's basically just a way of indicating your relation to the person."
] | [
"Katakana is exclusively used for foreign words like basketball or McDonalds. Kanji is almost exclusively used for nouns that are indigenous to Japan or China, like bird or refugee. This also applies to some verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Hiragana is often used for conjunctions, prepositions, articles, like and, i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are allergies tested for? | [
"When I was younger they had a big pad with spikes on it, each spike contained a different thing that people were allergic to on the end of it, and they pricked my back. Wherever I had a hive they need I was allergic to that thing"
] | [
"It usually doesn’t. Can you be more specific? Most of the time, allergies get progressively worse the more times someone is exposed to the allergen"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If the moon has no atmosphere, why couldn't you make a satellite that orbits one inch off the ground? | [
"Theoretically you could but \"one inch from the highest point\" is a very very small error margin. Small differences in the strength of the moon's gravity (for example, places with denser rock have stronger gravity) would be more than enough to deviate the trajectory enough to cause a crash."
] | [
"The farthest we've ever been from the surface of the earth is 248,655 miles, and that was by accident (Apollo 13). The closest Mars gets to Earth is 33,900,000 miles. The escape velocity of a planet is much higher than that of the Moon. We would need to send down a landing device that would have the capability of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are most people biologically wired to wake up several hours after sunrise and go to bed several hours after sunset, rather than waking up and going to bed at sunrise and sunset? | [
"> biologically wired to wake up several hours after sunrise and go to bed several hours after sunset It's not quite that simple. Exposure to sunlight, or artificial lighting that's close enough to sunlight, inhibits the production of hormones that make you feel tired. This is why we generally feel more tired when ... | [
"My guess is that when you're sleeping in past noon you're waking up naturally, whereas when you wake up at 7am you're waking up to an alarm. During sleep, you pass through the 5 stages of a \"sleep cycle\": 1, 2, 3, 4, and REM. You can wake up easily in the early stages, but you'll feel groggy and disoriented if w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
What happens if someone is addicted to a substance and then loses their memory? | [
"There are two types of addiction, mental and physical. Since you're specifically calling out substance, it sounds like what you're describing is a physical addiction. (A note: gambling would be a mental addiction) For physical addictions, your body itself adjusts to the drug, so when you no longer have the drug, y... | [
"If you drink coffee every day to wake yourself up in the morning, you will eventually become addicted. How would this contribute to you becoming addicted to alcohol, tobacco or methamphetamines? They're completely different drugs with different effects, different feelings and, most importantly, different chemistry... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does nuclear radiation damage cells? | [
"Radiation is high frequency energy and it's high enough to knock electrons off of your dna (or off of water making free radicals which in turn knock electrons off your dna). When dna tries to correct itself it can cause mutations, and usually this happens in multiple parts of a dna strand. This can render the gene... | [
"The chemicals of life only work well in very specific environments. If a chemical is forced too far outside of the environment it is meant to work in, they can break apart. The main chemical in bleach has the same effect on many of the chemicals of life as extreme heat, causing many of them to break down. This kil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do boats, submarines, and planes end up colliding in such open space? | [
"The few midair collisions that has happened, has happened close to airports. Even if there is a lot of space \"up there\", they eventually have to land, and there's only so many runways. Apart from that, they just don't fly around everywhere in the sky, they often use air corridors. It's mainly the same thing with... | [
"Easier to send signals through air than water, field of vision is much higher in the air then in the water, existing infrastructure (airfields) to fuel/service drones over land (none in the middle of the ocean), and last but most importantly, there is nothing \"dangerous\" to be watched and/or bombed in the middle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:"
} |
How do vending machines tell the difference between $1 and $5 bills? | [
"The Treasury uses (among many other security features) a special magnetic ink. There's a head in the bill reader that scans for a specific pattern of magnetic ink, and usually some other optical sensors to determine how much the bill is worth. Coins, on the other hand, are distinguished by using surprisingly accu... | [
"To make smuggling cash 5 times harder. It takes a bigger box to export ill-gotten drug gains, which makes it easier for law enforcement to catch evildoers. In 1969 the US government purged all the big bills, $500, $1000, $5000, and $10,000 to fight fraud, drugs, and money laundering."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
The concept of "Visible Universe". | [
"Because light travels at a finite speed, the further things are away from us, the longer it takes for the light from them to reach us. At a certain distance, that 'longer time' becomes the 13.7 billion years that the universe has existed. That is the 'visible universe' - all the things that are close enough to us ... | [
"Short answer: The Illuminati. Long answer: Topography + windpatterns Have a look at: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens in your body when you get too much sleep, but keep sleeping? | [
"He means what is our body doing when we force ourselves to sleep longer than necessary, for example a rainy Sunday morning where we sleep until 10am even though we could have gotten up at 8 with enough rest. What does the body do with those two extra hours"
] | [
"If you're not tired, and you feel refreshed when you wake up, you are probably OK. Not everyone needs the same amount of sleep."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health:"
} |
I gave two pints of blood and saline was pumped back into me. How does my body know to make extra RBCs to replace them? | [
"When your kidneys notice that they aren't getting enough oxygen, as is the case when there aren't enough red blood cells, they produce a hormone called [erythropoetin](_URL_0_), or EPO. EPO tells your bone marrow to generate new red blood cells. When the kidneys start getting enough oxygen, they stop producing the... | [
"So the idea is that there are people who don't need blood, but do need plasma like burn victims. In those cases, they need the plasma right then and don't have time to run it through a centrifuge to separate it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
If my internet speed is 5 Mbps, then why is it that I cant download a 5 mb file in 1 second? | [
"First of all, your speed is 5 Mega**bits** per second. One byte is made up of 8 bits, so this is actually equivalent to 640 kilo**bytes** per second. In addition, that's a total maximum speed. You'll never be able to get that full speed because a) it depends on the network as a whole in between you and the website... | [
"Having data capped internet, what's the typical size of a podcast? Imagine it's not too large? 100M or so?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Internet speed and service:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Internet speed and service:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is it common to go to sleep and wake up later and later without an enforced sleep schedule? | [
"Electric lighting messes with your body's sense of time. You have no idea how late it is because as far as your brain is concerned, the sun is still up. If you turn off the computer and turn down all the lights when the sun goes down, you'll find the reverse trend of sleeping and waking earlier and earlier."
] | [
"He means what is our body doing when we force ourselves to sleep longer than necessary, for example a rainy Sunday morning where we sleep until 10am even though we could have gotten up at 8 with enough rest. What does the body do with those two extra hours"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are free trade agreements so critisized? | [
"free trade means businesses can go wherever the cost of labor is cheapest, but because of immigration laws the worker does not have the ability to go where the working conditions are best. this puts people out of work in richer countries while poorer countries get the choice between being paid pennies per hour or ... | [
"Its a bigger catastrophe in Europe. Greece and Spain, in particular, are suffering severe social crisis because it it. European countries, however, have stronger social safety net programs than the US does. This means being unemployed in Europe isn't as financially devastating to the unemployed person as in the US... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What do TV/Movie actors do when they don't work for months even years? | [
"The same thing you do. They look for work. Or usually, if they are lucky, their agent looks for work. Like anyone else, they live off their savings or other assets. There are plenty of former stars out there that are barely getting by. Sometimes, a director or producer that has a personal connection with an out-o... | [
"Everyone who has any knowledge of the contents of a future episode has to sign an NDA, which is a Non Disclosure Agreement. You agree not to tell anyone what happens (or who was on set. Or even what show you worked on!), and if you do you can face some very serious consequences. Legal asside (getting sued for ever... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the break pedal in most cars wider than the gas pedal? | [
"It's wider so it presents a larger target, and is easier for you to find in a situation where you are reacting quickly, and not necessarily thinking. Something happens and your reaction is to naturally stab your brake foot down in the general area, and a larger pedal means you're more likely to hit the brakes, whi... | [
"When driving two footed, if your right foot is on the gas and you need to brake NOW, the instinct is to slam both feet down, but car engines almost always overpower car brakes, and so you will keep going, or best case slow down much more slowly than you would otherwise. For manuals you always use the left foot for... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is "Size 12 Times New Roman Double Spaced" the standard for essays? What makes it so special? | [
"Size 12 just happens to be a good compromise between fitting lots of information in per page, and being easily readable. Double spaced allows people to follow easily and mark in corrections. Times new roman was created as the standard font for the major British newspaper, the Times, and it's inclusion in Microsof... | [
"A typeface is the style of letters like Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, or my personal favorite, Comic Sans A font is a size, style(bold, italic, underlined), and typeface such as 12pt Arial Bold or 11pt Helvetica Italic Most people refer to typefaces as fonts though so in normal conversation they're the same"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does Google Earth 3D view work? | [
"Google maps is now done by airplanes flying a grid pattern over the area. They have 6 camara pointing at different angles to capture sides of buildings. Source: I've done work on a contracted Cessna 182 doing aerial photography for Google Edit: this is only done in urban areas like in the photo you linked."
] | [
"Drawings are clearer than photographs in a lot of cases. For example, Google maps is much easier to read when it isn't in satellite view."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do figure skaters jump a foot and a half and do up to four revolutions while halfpipe skiers and boarders jump like 30 feet and only do like three revolutions max? | [
"Angular momentum. [This article does a really good job explaining it. It’s got a nice GIF and really breaks it down, ELI5 style](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"When you and I jump straight up, we can push ourselves upwards over the span of a few feet if we crouch down first. When a whale or a dolphin jumps, they can start off deep and get a \"running start\" towards the surface to build up speed. Humans can do this too, but only horizontally, which is why the world recor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
E = mc² How do you multiply mass by speed? Can you multiply the mass of an apple by the speed of a car? | [
"You can multiple any two numbers you want. The results just might or might not be useful. If you multiply the mass of an apple by the speed of a car, you're probably not getting any useful information out of that, unless you wanted the momentum of an apple going at the same speed the car was. E=mc^2 says the mass ... | [
"The amount of energy required to move mass increases the faster it travels, and at the speed of light, the amount of energy necessary is *infinite*. All the energy in the universe couldn't move a single atom at the speed of light."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:"
} |
How come I eat a 1lb. taco and weigh 99 lb. how come I am not 1% taco? | [
"It's all about attitude and confidence. If you believe you are 1% taco and act like you are 1% taco, then you ARE 1% taco."
] | [
"The bubbles releasing from the soda. I'm not sure why it hurts but I solved the problem by not drinking soda. Now I'm 100% soda pain free. Also thinner."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How to exit a broken elevator through the roof | [
"An elevator shaft is a super dangerous place. It's full of greased sharp edges, pointy things, electric cables, moving wheels and gears, and of course there's the risk of free-falling to the bottom of the shaft. Fortunately, roof hatches aren't easy to open. They're usually latched from the outside, so that rescue... | [
"Its far easier and more efficient to break a window or kick in a door."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why do we automatically raise our eyebrows and eyelids when we look straight up? | [
"Gives you a slightly better view. Open your eyes as wide as you can without raising your eyebrows, then raise your eyebrows and see the slight different it makes."
] | [
"Frowning seems to cause you to narrow your eyes so that you can reduce your field of vision. This cuts off extraneous information and lets you devote more brain time to what you are pondering upon. When I'm concentrating deeply, I tend to scowl, and people ask me why I do that and i say \"I'm thinking furiously\".... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why is the Baphomet considered evil? Also, why does it associate with the Illuminati? | [
"Baphomet never existed. It was a wholesale construct (except perhaps the name) of King Philip IV of France, a man who in the 1300s, owed a lot of money to the Knights Templar. Rather than pay them, or let them hold influence over him, he concocted false charges that they worshipped some demonic entity called Bapho... | [
"The freemasons are a real fraternity dedicated to making good men better and contributing positively to their community. The illuminati is a made up organization. Or, at least, if they ARE real they are in no way linked specifically to freemasonry. Source: I am a freemason."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Bug bites, why do they itch so damn bad? | [
"Vet student here, Bug bites itch because bugs \"leave a little bit of themselves behind\" after they bite you. Be it saliva or some other substance. In any case, they have deposited something in your body that is foreign to your body. Your immune system actually has cells waiting in areas like the skin, and these... | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why can i proof read for a long time and find no mistakes, but as soon as i give it to someone else to proof, all the mistakes are so apparent as they are proofing the document? | [
"Because you already know what you are trying to say, and instead of actually reading what is there your brain fills it in for you with what you intended to say. Pro tip: proof your own work by reading it backwards word-for-word and you'll find a ton of those mistakes also."
] | [
"you might be like me in that you don't know the best way to put what you are trying to say into words because of all the thoughts running through your head. that's my 2 sense"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Speech and Language:"
} |
why do some people have more trouble getting fat than others? | [
"Yeah. I was skeletally thin as a child, a slim teenager who ate like a pig. Started to have to watch what I ate in my 20's, had children, and now I'm firmly middle aged I seem to absorb calories via osmosis, and it's a constant battle to not become wider than I'm taller."
] | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the world use Metric sizes for sockets but Imperial size for ratchets? IE quarter, 3/8 and half inch drive? | [
"The simple explanation is likely that the ratcheting socket wrench, with interchangeable socket was invented and patented in the US in 1864 and then spread around the world. They the size they used spread around the world. The size of them is not that important as they are seldom used. I mean that only manufacture... | [
"No, All have different uses, and in turn are optimum for different types of jobs. Moreover cost can also be a driving factor for what to use. And lastly whether your screw driver, impact driver, hammer drive, etc... will slip should also be considered. For instance Lag Bolts (Giant screws with hexagonal 'nut' end... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can my goldfish never hit the aquarium glass on normal condition or even when I change their big aquarium with the small one? | [
"For the same reason you can tell [these guys] (_URL_0_) are surrounded by a glass dome even though you've (probably) never been in that sub before: because glass is not invisible. It reflects light, reflects images, casts shadows, and looks VERY different than the water they are swimming in. It's not hard to pick ... | [
"I discovered this when keeping fish... once the mirror was added to the tank the fish would swim around and see its reflection and swim away a few times and also try and attack the reflection. Mirrors are mainly used when introducting a large aggressive fish to a breeding setup. I beleive they would register wha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How are insurance companies allowed to base rates on age and gender? Is this not discrimination? | [
"It is discrimination. Lots of things are. But it's not *illegal* discrimination. Nothing in federal law says insurance companies can't discriminate based on age or gender, so they can. Similarly, most state laws (I say most because I'm not aware of any, but there may be some) don't prohibit it, so they can. Edit: ... | [
"There are a set of things you cannot legally discriminate for, like race or religion. Some states add additional protected classes on top of the federal ones, like sexual orientation or gender identity. You are legally allowed to discriminate for any reason other than a protected reason."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does your stomach hurt minutes after getting hit in the gonads? | [
"Testes originally form in the abdomen near the stomach and kidneys. The nerves and blood vessels remain attached in that region, even after the balls drop. So when a guy gets kicked in the balls or otherwise has his nuts squished, the pain involved travels up from each testicle into the abdominal cavity, via the s... | [
"Why does it feel so much worse with the flu than a cold? Feels like I got hit by a fucking car when I got the flu a year ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do guinea pigs, bunnies, and fish see straight if their eyes are on the sides of their heads? | [
"If you take your arm and stick it straight to your right, you can probably see it way out to the side. Directly in front of them they still have peripheral vision, but their vision is more suited to seeing as many predators around them as possible."
] | [
"Eyeballs. Predetors usually have their eyeballs on the front of their heads (think human, wolf, lion) where prey have their eyeballs on the side of their heads (think deer, rabbit, mouse). It's like a big red flag for animals."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How are anti-whistleblowing laws justified? Is it not always better to expose wrong doing? | [
"It could *maybe* be bad to expose wrongdoing if the information is classified and/or directly puts lives in danger. Other than that, yeah, these laws exist only to protect people who know they are doing wrong."
] | [
"Whistleblowing would be a person reporting some type of wrong doing, usually by a government entity. This involved using official channels for that purpose. Leaking is using unofficial channels for different kinds of purposes, not necessarily to point out a wrong doing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do humans have to sleep? | [
"We don't know for sure! The best answer (ELI5 answer, not technical one) seems to be that it helps us remove some of the garbage that the cells in our brains produce throughout the day, and flush them out of the system. Though sleep certainly allows for a number of useful biological and neurological things to happ... | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Obama's budget and why it was rejected. | [
"As I understand it, this wasn't exactly the president's budget. As you may or may not know, the president can't directly introduce a bill into either the House or the Senate. He has to rely on Representatives and Senators to do that for him. The bill introduced this year that is supposedly the president's budget w... | [
"So they can blame the president for the failure to get anything done."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If we do not see air, do fish see water? | [
"No. They actually did a really good segment on this on the new Cosmos. Fish see better than us because their eyes have been around a lot longer. Our eyes evolved from eyes that were made to see underwater in animals that roamed on land. For a very long time, land animals had poor vision because of this."
] | [
"How does a river know if its dammed before flowing? Its a very similar thing to electricity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why was there no big Nazi insurgency/partisan activity after Geramy was occupied? | [
"There was *very* briefly, the regular German army helped defeat some rogue SS units in the weeks after the war ended. For the most part the population wasn't terribly interested in reviving the ideology that just got them bombed to rubble and killed off an entire generation."
] | [
"a) Post WWII Nuremberg trials were very German centric. We also ignored Japan's war crime against China (Unit 731, Nanjing massacre, etc) & Korea, Russia's war crime against Germany (a lot of rapes), England's fire bombing of German cities, and many more. b) Nuclear bombs weren't a war crime at that time. No one g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between the use of Roman Numeral (IIII) and (IV)? | [
"There is no difference. According to wikipedia, there are even examples of contemporary Roman writings using both IIII and IV in the same document. Ultimately Roman numerals aren't really a rigidly consistent system. Nowadays IIII is pretty much only used (to my knowledge) in clocks. Artistically, this makes it so... | [
"Because functionally, the Roman numeral system, like the Arabic numbering system, is base ten. (or [Decimal](_URL_1_)) You don't say 50 minus 1, you say 40 + 9. That's why 99 is XCIX instead of IC, because you first convey the tens place (XC), then the ones place. (IX) **Edit**: Many users have pointed out some f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Where did the F1-12 keys on a keyboard come from? | [
"They were from back in the day when computers didn't have fancy buttons on the screen you could click everywhere. Now-a-days they aren't as useful, but we keep them because we're used to them."
] | [
"How would you know which button was the bottom button if they didn't put one on?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why do smokers spit so much when they are smoking? | [
"Possibly because of the taste a smoke tends to leave in your mouth. I dont do this but my boyfriend does. . He could also be getting nauseous. .which tends to produce a lot of spit."
] | [
"You have hairs in your windpipe that make you cough when you smoke. Smoking destroys these, so you cough less once you've been smoking for longer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why would local businesses want to accept college meal plans? | [
"Ultimately, it's still money. Accepting meal plans is just enabling students to give you money in a way that's really convenient for them. When they decide they don't want their dorm cafeteria's undercooked burger for the fifth night in a row and they have the choice between a restaurant where they have to spend m... | [
"They're trying to create a positive public image, which makes it easier to: - Get people to come work for you - Open a new facility in a new city - Get people to invest in your company"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does your nose get runny when you come in from the cold, even if it wasn’t running before? | [
"The cold makes the snot sluggish. It also makes the cilia that handle your snot production sluggish. So you get goop, that tends to sit in one spot. When you come inside, and stuff starts warming up. This means the cilia can start 'moving it out of the way,' but at the same time you've got a backlog of snot which ... | [
"Because it can. Moving from extreme temperatures one to another can weaken your immune system and that makes it easier for you to get sick. So while it won't directly make you sick to be out in the cold, going between temps is what will do it. Unless it's something like hypothermia. That can make you sick just fro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does Music, or even Television seemingly get quieter the longer I listen? | [
"Best ELI5 answer I can come up with: Compare it to how a dark room seems brighter the longer you're in it. That's your eyes adjusting to a low level of light. The opposite happens when you listen to a t.v. loud for a while, your ears try to adjust to a high level of sound."
] | [
"I think it depends on many factors. Some of them might be: The compatibility of the emotion of the music with your mood at the time Your personal liking for that style of music The artists' skill The quality of reproduction, if recorded The feelings of people around you For music to affect you as you describe, unl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Science:"
} |
"Appropriate" margin | [
"It's calculated by overhead. In general food service/sales has a higher overhead than retail so you need a higher margin to make profit. Honestly 60% sounds low unless they are talking about packaged food or manufacturers. Restaurants run at a much higher margin. They are talking about general rule of thumb things... | [
"Same difference between color and colour. Continent-based spelling differences."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are there so many farmer's fields and empty lots of land in the Hamptons? | [
"1. The housing bubble collapse/credit crunch hit vacation destinations like the Hamptons extra hard. 2. Anything that isn't beachfront or at least beach-adjacent may as well be on the moon. People don't buy inland homes in the Hamptons."
] | [
"Does it matter if there is water instead of roads between a number of small towns? We have boats and bridges."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What does Ayn Rand have to do with republicans? | [
"Ayn Rand escaped the horrors of Soviet Russia and wrote several novels about how bad the bad aspects of communism is and also how people should go completely the other way. Those novels explains her kind of thinking, now called objectivism. She tries to explain that people should not feel they owe anything to soci... | [
"What about the US election do you want explained, specifically?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does our skin feel itchy and why does it feel so good to scratch it? | [
"An itch is your body saying \"Hey, there's something weird here, check it out/get rid of it\" Scratching it normally removes the irritation, so your body doesn't send those signals."
] | [
"Because you can't reach it to scrub it well in the shower...so it suffers from a lot of dead skin cell build up which makes it itchy. And even if it's not itchy, once it's scratched you realise it WAS itchy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
This picture of a submerged dead cougar. It's covered in algae, but how is it almost still "intact" looking? | [
"No disturbance, and likely no fish in that pond. On the surface insects eat most corpses within days, but underwater, fish must do the job. With no fish, the cold water has preserved the meat from decay by the bacteria in the cougar as well, so the body has remained mostly intact."
] | [
"It isn't fun, that's for sure. Stomachs tend to hold things tight, so the rat isn't gonna be moving all that much. Then it will suffocate rather quickly, and die within several minutes. Cold blooded animals can live significantly longer without air, in some cases even ripping their way(partially at least) out. Suc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If an infected wound isn't treated, how does it actually kill you? | [
"Yes, the infection spreads eventually to more parts of your body, causing damage in a range of ways ranging from release of toxins or waste products, to actually eating your tissue, to triggering an overreaction of the immune system."
] | [
"Removing the foot does not help their blood sugar. What does happen in diabetes is that they get diabetic neuropathy, where their nerves get damaged and stop working properly, so they don't feel anything when their feet get hurt. Diabetics also take longer to heal because of the blood sugar. Combine these two and ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the congress cloud act? How will it affect us? | [
"\"The unaltered and now official CLOUD Act effectively gets rid of the need for search warrants and probable cause for grabbing a US citizen's data stored online. US police only need to point the finger at some account, and tech companies must abide and provide all the needed details, regardless if the data is sto... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If Nikolas Tesla's apparently huge contributions to discovering and studying X-Rays and Radio waves is (now) known, why are these discoveries still not attributed to him? | [
"Because who gets credited for \"discovering\" something most often has more to do with who was commercially successful with the idea first rather than who thought it up. Especially when multiple people are working on the same ideas at the same time. Tesla was a smart guy, but few of his ideas were commercially suc... | [
"See it this way: you can probably understand how an engine works... could/would you have ever invented one? Merely understanding a concept is way easier than thinking of it and proving it to a point where it can be considered as correct. Besides, while the theory of relativity is certainly his most prominent cont... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
[X-post from r/interesting as fuck] How is this spinning top suspended in mid-air? | [
"It's a magnetic top, hovering over a large magnet, and the spinning keeps it from flipping over and slamming into the larger magnet."
] | [
"Actually, ELI5, how the fuck are you relieving ear itches with your tongue?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How come the pain in my dream feels real? | [
"My guess would be that these discomforts happened as you were sleeping. While generating your dream, your brain said ow this thing hurts lets build that into it. I remember I had a dream about getting shot in the arm. I woke up the next morning to see I was sleeping up against my wall and a nail that used to hold... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
The differences between classes and functions in programming. Bonus points for using python. | [
"A function does something. A class is a bunch of them."
] | [
"These explains the versions of C# in relation to the .NET frameworks. _URL_0_ _URL_1_ You'll want Express for Windows Desktop. The \"Windows\" one is misleading and only for lesser \"Windows Store Apps\" ie not proper full blown programs. Also, because there's no direct equivalent of this in Java it's worth mentio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do iMac/Macbook screens have better color than PCs for design work? | [
"For the most part, it's because Apple uses higher quality screens than the majority of their competition (which reflects the price). If you compare a $500 Acer laptop to a $3000 MacBook Pro, the Mac is undoubtedly going to have a better screen. That's not to say that they're the only good screens, however. Where I... | [
"There isn't an actual difference between a TV panel and a monitor panel. A 30 inch 4k panel is a 30 inch 4k panel. In reality the main difference between a monitor and a TV is simply a tuner. You can think of the monitor as the higher quality product. For the 4k monitors market, panels are largely \"IPS\" technol... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is a red sky at night really a sailor's delight | [
"Somewhat. Its not an exact science, but it is a good indication of what future weather could be. Weather typically travels west to east, so incoming weather is seen at sunset and outgoing weather at sunrise. at sunrise and sunset, light travels through the thickest part of the atmosphere, and red light is defract... | [
"If there is a red sky in the morning, it means there is a lot of cloud reflecting the sun. A lot of cloud usually means bad weather heading your way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are tongue twisters hard to say? | [
"Because you haven't trained your tongue to move in that way. Tongue twisters focus on the slight movements which your brain can imagine the sentence but your tongue can't reproduce. A simple example, the R letter in spanish, check the video. _URL_0_ The tip of your tongue has to vibrate really fast against the roo... | [
"The more you practice a thing, the better you get at it. This is no different. Got an accent you can't understand? Spend more time listening to it, and you'll get better."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does it take energy to think and focus? | [
"Energy is a necessary component to do any work. Analytical thinking is one of the higher-order brain functions, and thus requires a lot of energy to focus enough attention to analyze the material you're reading. I'd suggest getting off of Reddit and away from distractions if you want to make concentrating easier o... | [
"If you do it a lot, it could affect your lung capacity. Probably best to give it up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How and why is the perception of time distorted during dreams? | [
"When you sleep, different parts of your brain \"shut down\", to different degrees. And what parts of your brain are shut down vs active can vary during the sleep cycle. (There's also data that suggests this can even happen when you are \"fully awake\".) Distorted time perception during REM dream states probably... | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do we feel strong emotions in our chest? | [
"Hypothalamus in brain is strongly affected by emotions! And in return hypothalamus can affect a vast number of structures in the body! So when you feel strong emotions, the neuronal discharge from hypothalamus alters your breathing, your blood pressure, the tone in the blood vessels, vomiting centre etc."
] | [
"Everything you feel is chemical reactions in the brain and across the nervous system. From terror to love."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why was the more powerful Facebook search engine removed? | [
"Maybe it was becoming too easy to stalk other people and people missed the challenge?"
] | [
"I was under the impression that it was their idea initially."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Where does the star shape come from? | [
"You mean a five pointed star? The planet Venus tracks across the sky in the shape of a pentagram every 5 years. Humans have known this as long as we've followed the stars, or in other words, a VERY long time _URL_0_"
] | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Is there actually something behind, "Picture the audience with their clothes off"? | [
"It's a mechanism used to make you feel more comfortable. The idea is that if you think everyone is in an uncomfortable space it levels out with how uncomfortable you are and you aren't feeling as \"judged\"."
] | [
"Isn't it just another way to take your mind off it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health:"
} |
If another sperm had fused instead, would it still be me, just with different characteristics that would have been born? | [
"No. Not a chance. Philosophical reason: Even the smallest difference would yield a different you. Butterfly effect: If the same sperm cell reached the egg cell a microsecond later than it did in the original timeline, it could make for a different topological setup of all enzymes and stuff in the cell, which ulti... | [
"You're adopted. Or it could be that you aren't just made of of half what each parent looks like, you have tall genes in your family somewhere and they just happened to surface for you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do employers (usually) not explicitly state what the hourly wage of a position will be preceding the interview process? | [
"because they advertise it too low then some people wouldn't bother applying. and if they advertise it too high then some people wouldn't bother applying. so they don't advertise it at all and so you come in and interview and they ask you what your pay history is and try to make the lowest offer they think you'll ... | [
"The first three items you list (SSN, DL #, and addresses) are so that they can run background and credit checks on you. Businesses often perform these checks, prior to offering a position, and generally need your consent before doing so. High school address is so they can verify that you graduated from a high scho... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What the hell is up with the low cost cellphone carriers that are marketed in urban/low-income areas? How are they so cheap? | [
"I have Ting. It's pay as you go, and you only pay for what you use. They rent the Sprint towers, so its the same service as Sprint, with Sprint (or unlocked) devices and it's WAY cheaper. My husband and I had the 2 phone unlimited plan with Sprint, and our bill was $180 a month. Now we have Ting, same service, no ... | [
"Because there is no incentive for them to do so. They rake in the cash with their lower end broadband. I've heard centurylink is putting fiber into new developments."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how can a hockey team, the Tampa Bay lightning, prevent tickets from being sold to out of state residents and prevent Blackhawks gear from being worn in certain seats, while if I'm a private business owner, I couldn't deny service to someone for being a Blackhawks fan? | [
"Because you have the right to refuse service as long as it isn't against a protected class, and being a Blackhawks fan isn't considered a protected class that requires legal assistance to defend."
] | [
"What I don't understand is why a business didn't have the right to refuse someone service for any reason they want? Maybe it's because you wore green pants and the owner hates the color green. Then in our free market system, if a business is ran by a jerk, people will stop using that business. I know I wouldn't... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How did people get fountains to work in medieval times? | [
"Gravity, water and air pressure, and an understanding of fluid mechanics (especially siphoning). If you have a body of water (a little pool, for example), and a very narrow tube leading from the bottom of the body of water to a position that is higher than it, the pressure from the pool will force the water up the... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do some people exist on one meal a day while others feel the need to eat 3 and graze constantly? | [
"I am one of those who lives on one meal a day, and it is because I cannot afford to have enough food to graze and have 3 meals a day. I typically eat one large dinner at night when I get home from work. I have a small snack here and there, but nothing huge. Usually a handful of chips, or a piece of fruit."
] | [
"It's a misconception that's a result of people being VERY bad at estimating how much they each, how much they excercise and how many calories certain items of food contain. When it comes to weight gain/loss genetics are far from the gamechanger that people think it is. Aside from phenomenally rare genetic disorder... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
The passage of time while sleeping. | [
"The passage of time is nothing more than our ability to remember events during that time. You don't remember anything while sleeping save for a few moments dreaming. Set up your web cam and record a video. Put a clock in the background to show the passage of time. Pause recording for a bit then resume recording. W... | [
"Because it provides a beat and it sounds neat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can you feel eye contact? | [
"A portion of your brain spends all your waking hours \"scanning\" your vision for eyes looking at you. Think of it as a hard-wired defense mechanism that is a hold over from the earlier days of humans. If you're about to be attacked, your attacker is probably looking at you after all. **Edit** Honestly don't remem... | [
"Nothing is touching the back of your throat or tongue so there is nothing to trigger it. Why do you think sound would trigger it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do some cats and dogs get along but others hate each other, how do animals like that decide who they like/dislike? | [
"How do *you* decide whom you like and dislike...?"
] | [
"This depends entirely on the individual animal. Some dogs are scared of them, some want to play with them and some just don't give a crap."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do high schools and colleges press so hard on learning a second language? | [
"Partly because it is a unique opportunity. It is very hard to learn a second language as a adult. The best time to do so is early childhood, failing at that, it takes the sort of dedicated, repeated classroom time you'll rarely find outside of an academic setting. If you ever want to learn a second language, that ... | [
"English is the language of business in Europe and Pacific Rim. American kids learn English as their primary language. European and Asian kids don't, so they learn it as a secondary language at a young age."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I went to bed yesterday weighting 88.7kg and woke up weighting 87.9kg. Where did the 0.8kg go? | [
"People tend to lose in the ballpark of 500 - 600 grams each night while they sleep (it depends on the conditions and how long you sleep; people have been known to lose a while kilo overnight). Most of that is water loss - so you lose more during the dry months or if the AC is on. In general, you lose about 1/3 of ... | [
"How much of a % of your weight is that? I gained about a stone over the last year and noticed a huge difference, but it was almost a 1% increase. If you are going from 300lbs to 293 that may not be enough for you to notice yet. Edit to add: Take a picture of yourself today, then look at it when you lose another ha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are all of the bodies on Mt. Everest left there? | [
"Climbing Mt. Everest is a dangerous business. Most people who die do so near the top, above the final base camp, where it's difficult to reach in the first place, much less to retrieve a body. Carrying all your gear is hard enough, carrying a body is too much work. Only when circumstances are perfect can you get a... | [
"Are you sure they were defeated at all?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How come we can load 4K videos just fine but loading .gif files have trouble? | [
"GIFs are an ancient file format that is not optimized for streaming. GIFs were originally no more than 5-10 frames, and quite small as well (say 32x32 max). Videos are optimized for streaming."
] | [
"I have an additional and releated question to this, why is it that the twitch app can stream flawlessly but the chat stops working after like 30 seconds?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:"
} |
what is the difference in economic policy between Republicans and Democrats? (U.S.) | [
"To add to what /u/hot4you11 said, Republicans believe that by reducing taxes for the rich and allowing them to keep more of their money then they will buy more stuff and thereby help the economy move. Republicans also see high taxes on the rich as punishing success. They also believe that by lowering taxes and cut... | [
"Left-wing answer: Not enough socialism Right-wing answer: Too much socialism"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are there more air quality alerts in the summer? | [
"Warmer air is able to hold more \"stuff\" than cooler air. That's why 100% humidity at 55 degrees is fine, but 100% humidity at 90 degrees is absolutely dreadful."
] | [
"There is much greater adoption of public transportation in Europe than in the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does 1/3 equal .333, 2/3 equal .666, but 3/3 equal 1.0 | [
"Yes .9999... = 1. This is my favorite proof for it: X=.9999...(infinity) 10x= 9.9999.... 10x-x=9.9999...- .9999... 9x=9 x=1"
] | [
"Cause it's a fraction of a fraction. Convert it to decimals or percentages if it's easier. 1/2 × 1/2 = .5 × .5 = 50% × 50% It's half of a half, or 1/4"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do automatic parking garages prevent fraud? | [
"Usually, these machines are in front of a barricade. So, you pull up, press the button, get your ticket and drive through. So, you're thinking... walk up, press the button, get the ticket, the barricade goes up, and no car goes through, because you're already parked, right? Many of these garages have induction loo... | [
"Because as the technology to create counterfeit money improves, the technology to detect that counterfeit money improves as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
The Rapture, Israel, Christian connection | [
"Long story short, there are some evangelical protestants who believe that the state of Israel will play an important role in the second coming of Christ, but that it won't happen until state of Israel is made complete. They think that by supporting zionism they are hastening the end of the world and helping to res... | [
"Next Week's Theme: 'Royalty, Nobility, and the Exercise of Power' To be followed by: \"Eastern Europe\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does the Voyager keep leaving the solar system? | [
"Because nothing of ours has ever done so before, and every time Voyager reaches what scientists thought would be the \"edge\", they discover Voyager's sending back data they don't expect, which indicates that the sun's influence stretches further than they previously believed. So they refine their theoretical mode... | [
"Not necessarily. But most of the larger ones do. Because that's just where all the mass goes. The same reason the sun is in the middle of the solar system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do electronics heat up? | [
"Its basically rope burn but instead of hands its the conductive material and instead of the rope its electrons"
] | [
"The worst is that they are defective, either catching on fire, or sending way too much voltage into your device causing damage. More often, the voltage may be a bit off, causing your touch screen to misbehave while plugged in. Good ones work fine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do they make artificial sweeteners taste the same as real food? | [
"Look at the structure of [Sucralose](_URL_0_) (Splenda) vs [Sucrose](_URL_1_) (Normal sugar). Notice how similar they are, splenda only having a couple extra chlorine atoms? Because it has the same structure as sugar, your taste buds pick it up as sugar. but the addition of the chlorine atom makes it so your body... | [
"Because toothpaste has non sugar sweeteners in it that kind of numb your sweet tasting taste buds and allows you to taste all the other flavors in the juice without being covered up by the normal sweetness of the juice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do a Hawkes eyes work? | [
"They don't \"zoom\" per se, like a camera lens would. They just have extremely good vision and can see small objects even from high up. Their ciliary muscles allow them to change the shape of the lens in their eye extremely rapidly. This allows them to focus on things on the ground but they are able to focus on w... | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How exactly does cling film work? | [
"Static electricity. When you pull it off the roll, some electrons get pulled from one layer to the one peeling off, making some bits positive and others negative. When you wrap it back over itself, those positives and negatives attract each other and it sticks. That's why it doesn't work if you leave it for ... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How can NASA receive live video from Mars Rover when it's MILLIONS of miles away? | [
"It's not live. What we see is about 14 minutes after it happens. That's as live as it gets."
] | [
"It uses radio signals just like we do on Earth. It works great in space because there is nothing to block the signal, just a lot of empty distance. The communications travel at the speed of light... however Pluto is so far away that it still takes 4.5 hours each way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does zipping a file work? | [
"Most information is redundant. Most information is redundant."
] | [
"Also, sometimes the file is being moved from a temporary location to its final location. I see this particularly when I use a download manager."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Do animals have understanding of death? | [
"Of the ones that do, they seem to be mammals, mostly social mammals. Cows, giraffe, elephants, other primates, dolphins, etc. have been seen to act in ways that show they understand death. Social animals tend to be more intelligent because cognitive intelligence piggybacks on social intelligence, and social inte... | [
"No. No animal is capable of that kind of detailed thought to establish a religion. None of even close."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are USB Flash Drives so slow if SSDs are based on the same technology? | [
"The main cause of speed differences are the controllers. The controller allows the storage on the drive to talk to your computer. If the controller is not fast enough the speed of the connection to your computer does not matter. This is why an external USB hard drive will be faster than a flash drive. However, you... | [
"SATA isn't a drive, it's a interface used to connect drives to the motherboard. Your HDD and CD/DVD drive are connected to your motherboard using a SATA cable. There are also multiple versions: SATA 1.5 Gbit/s, SATA 3.0 Gbit/s, SATA 6.0 Gbit/s. SSD stands for Solid State Drive, it's like an HDD, but instead of a d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is much of Europe’s climate mild when Europe is so much further North of the equator than much of North America is? | [
"The gulf stream in the Atlantic takes warm water to Europe and cold water to North America. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Look at a globe. Most of the world's land is found in the Northern Hemisphere. In fact, not only does the Northern Hemisphere contain more land but almost every person on the planet lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Only 10% of the human population lives south of the equator."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do they label generations, for example Gen X, Gen Y, Millenials? | [
"I don't think there's any huge reason ***to***. It just makes it simpler than \"kids of '80s\". Does that mean people born in the 80s? People who were in grammar school in the 80s? People who became adults in the 80s? Just call them Gen X and be done with it. It's especially dumb because no one can decide what's w... | [
"In a lot of ways, trying to pigeon hole this is arbitrary and debatable. There is certainly nothing \"official.\" That said, you'd be safe ticking off a generation every 20 - 25 years or so. So in the US: Baby boomers born in the late 40s to the early 60s. Gen X born from late 60s early 80s. Millennials born in th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does the "proof" on a bottle of alcohol mean? | [
"percentage of alcohol by volume multiplied by 2. 90 proof = 45% alc. Why times 2? well because originally in the UK, a while ago it was 7/4 the alcohol by volume. the US, thinking this was a tad *too* idiotic, made it a simple 8/4 or twice the alcohol by volume, but kept it *slightly* stupid for posterity's sake... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What makes games like 2048 so incredibly addictive? | [
"They're simple, easy to learn, easy to play on many devices, goal oriented and not incredibly difficult to get fairly good at. It's the lowest hanging fruit on the quick, easy rewards tree, with a good difficulty curve that lets people come back and get better and better."
] | [
"It isn't chemically addictive. However, anything can become psychologically addictive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about health:"
} |
why reddit hates 9gag so much | [
"Go to the [site](_URL_0_). It's like your annoying 12 year old little brother that's just discovered the internet."
] | [
"Why the hell is this eli5 downvoted?i sometimes really don't get it how it works on reddit. That s a fair question goddammit even if i don't know the exact answer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can a prosecutor or judge go on record saying they are looking to make an example of X defendant? | [
"The judge typically states that after the person has been found guilty."
] | [
"The point of a lawyer is to make sure his defendant receives a fair trial. Not to make him walks free, for example if the accuse is of intentional murder etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
When you have a good stare going on, what is actually happening and why does it feel so good to keep it going? | [
"I know exactly what you are talking about! Some people in past posts say its your brain entering [Default Network Mode](_URL_0_), yes its actually called that. But if we are talking about the same thing, its almost like a trance, where you are staring and your mind is fully operational, but it just feels good to... | [
"Mainly because any situation that's heavily emotional or enjoyable we tend to close our eyes in order to fully \"savor\" the experience. Just like people really enjoying a song, or enjoying a big bite of a sandwich, or getting a massage, you will see people close their eyes to block out unnecessary information tha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How in the heck is Edward Snowden "living" in the Russian airport without being seen? | [
"He's not in the standard passenger area. He is in a hotel at the airport and in some back/employee type areas of the airport."
] | [
"He had to go *somewhere*. Hong Kong had received an extradition request from the US but had rejected it on a technicality. Once they'd done that it was obvious the USA was going to come back with a second extradition request and this time they'd make damn sure it was 100% correct and valid. So if Snowden had remai... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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