query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Does the weight of something change as you cook it? For example, does 4oz of raw chicken = 4oz of cooked chicken? | [
"Meat usually loses weight - that's why when you go to a burger restaurant and they list the weight, it'll say \"pre-cooked weight\" or something like that in the small print. ie _URL_0_ > The Quarter Pounder is a hamburger product sold by international fast food chain McDonald's, so named for containing a patty ... | [
"It depends on how you are measuring. Are you measuring 1 raw egg with one cooked egg, or say 100g of raw egg and 100g of cooked egg? If you base on 1 egg: A raw egg will have less calories than 1 fried or 1 scrambled egg, as you will fry the egg in oil/butter/fat, or you may milk/butter while scrambling the egg. B... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about nutrition:"
} |
what is a communist? | [
"A communist is someone who thinks there shouldn't be any money, any classes, and all people should have same rights and have access to same benefits, regardless of anything. People work together and share everything"
] | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are there spiders in EVERY. DAMN. RPG. EVER.? | [
"I demand that you go look at pictures of cute jumping spiders and purge yourself of this bigotry."
] | [
"Well I don't know about everybody else, but usually my thought process is something along the lines of FUCK FUCK I SLIPPED FUCK I'M GOING TO DIE FUCK."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are under cover police cars still Ford Crown Victorias? Wouldn't something like a Subaru Outback be less conspicuous? | [
"There are different levels of undercover. The police interceptor Crown Victorias are *unmarked* cars, but at a glance are still clearly police cars. Many departments also have *undercover* cars that can be any make and model, but may not perform police duty as well as the specialized police interceptor cars can."
... | [
"They do. The *real* undercover cops use them. What you're thinking of as \"unmarked\" police cars are the ones driven by detectives and such. They're not making any attempt to conceal that it's a police car, they're just not marked like a patrol cruiser."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can the heat from concert pyrotechnics be felt instantly from so far away? | [
"Heat not only travels by convection but by radiation. Heat sources emit Infrared light which is absorbed by matter and turned into heat. That travels at the speed of light. The air will be about the same temperature around you because it isn't absorbing the IR light. Generally pyrotechnics are short lived and aime... | [
"For the same reason that you can't see an ant from 10 feet away but you can see Mount Everest from hundreds of miles away."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If all elements were created from Hydrogen, why isn't it possible to split a higher element to a lower one, eg. Oxygen into Carbon and Helium? | [
"It is possible. It just takes a tremendous amount of energy - the same amount that was generated when carbon and helium fused into oxygen in the first place. Fusing a single atom of carbon and hydrogen into a single atom of oxygen produces 7.16 MeV of energy, which is a *lot* of energy. Breaking down a pound of o... | [
"To add to the question - does the number of protons an atom have affect the conversion to pure energy? So what would it take to convert iron to pure energy compared to helium?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What am I, as a male, actually feeling during an orgasm? | [
"A reward from your brain for impregnating another sock."
] | [
"You're disregarding the emotional side of sex that has to do with acceptance and affection. I'll answer the question with a question: Why does a hug feel better than just wrapping your own arms around yourself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why I'm better at everything when I'm drunk | [
"At different levels of consumption, alcohol affects different functions of your brain. The first aspect of the brain altered is your inhibitions. Simply put, when you are drunk, or even just buzzed, you feel less limited and more powerful. In other words, your confidence increases dramatically. For most tasks, reg... | [
"Dude, you're 5 years old, you shouldn't be drinking beer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does removing the dead skin around a paper cut seem to alleviate pain? | [
"I'll take a stab at this: I have eczema, like REALLY bad so I'm quite knowledgeable about alleviating pain in cuts by picking. When your cut heals it's, from my understanding, these things called platelets in your blood which cause clotting. Well, scabs are kinda hard right? Not very soft and pliable. Imagine push... | [
"> Why does pouring scalding hot water on my eczema make it stop itching? For the same reason that scratching your eczema makes it stop itching, but to a greater extent. The heat is stimulating the nerves in the area of the eczema, which alleviates the itch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we have PIN numbers for debit cards and not for credit cards? | [
"Actually this was an issue with credit cards, that debit cards fixed, as a legacy of an older era where security of credit cards was less important. As of now, most credit cards around the world are transition (or already have transitioned) to credit cards being chip and pin."
] | [
"Credit card: you get a bill for what you spent at the end of the month. Debit card: comes right out of your bank account. Now you can run most debit cards as a credit card and it’s processed through the same network as a true credit card, but it’s not an actual credit card."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do people say it's impossible to build muscle and lose fat at the same time? | [
"The human body evolved in a time when you never knew where your next meal was coming from. In times of plenty, the body packed on as much fat as it could, which was hardly ever enough to actually be considered fat. In times of less, the body begrudgingly burned fat for energy and reduces or completely shuts down s... | [
"You lose muscle faster than fat if you don't exercise and you eat too much. This is easy to do. You lose muscle slower than fat if you exercise and eat slightly less than you need. It is hard for most people to motivate themselves to do this."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we get goosebumbs in emotional moments ? | [
"Well, our distant ancestors were covered in hair, so goosebumps were activated to tell predators that \"hey, I may look vulnerable, but I'm still super ready for a fight!\". It could also be used to warm up when it was cold, which explains why you get goosebumps if you go outside in a t-shirt when it's below freez... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Health and wellness:"
} |
Why are all "As Seen on TV" commercials so similar to each other? | [
"These companies carefully study what works -- even trying different versions of an ad to see what brings in more orders. What you see now is the optimal format -- the one that brings in the most orders -- so everyone tries to use it."
] | [
"I love telling my actor friends that, according to Chevy, they are not real people. But these stupid commercials are nothing compared to those 30 minute infomercials about some mop or wacky cooking device. Do they work? Yes. People are gullible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Which is more beneficial, working out on a soft surface or a hard surface? | [
"A surface as forgiving as your mattress would probably be a bad idea. You generally want to exercise the muscle through its entire range. When you've got an incredibly springy surface, you're likely to end up with an exercise pattern where you give a surge of effort in one part of the motion and coast through the ... | [
"Stabilizing muscles are also a big factor. This is the same reason that free weights are harder to lift than using any type of weight machine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is it so pleasurable to listen to music at volumes that are potentially damaging to my ears? | [
"I think it's basically to make the experience more engrossing. More volume creates more powerful vibrations which add to what you can feel. It also lessens the chance of other sounds detracting from your focus on the song. Also why some people like closing their eyes when they listen to music. Less visual noise ... | [
"Yes. While you may be deaf loud noises can still cause both pain and physical damage to your ears."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is the current banning of subs like /r/fatpeoplehate actually protecting anyone or is it only restricting the free speech users have grown to expect? | [
"It's not stopping your freedom of speech. It's just the \"people\" here don't want to hear it and are telling them to \"move on\" _URL_0_"
] | [
"No one has a *legal* right to be totally anonymous on the internet, but we have a culture of privacy (depending on the country you live in but especially online) where it's become a cultural more not to reveal someone's personal and private information, especially for the purposes of threatening them or doing them... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is Vantablack and how did we create it? | [
"Vertically Aligned NanoTube Arrays Some nerds got together and used carbon nanotubes to make a substance that absorbs almost all light in the visible spectrum. _URL_0_"
] | [
"ASAP Science actually covered this if you want to check out their channel. I believe the video is titled, \"What if humans disappeared?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:"
} |
Why does 50 degrees feel warm in the spring and cold in the fall? | [
"Your sensory threshold moves around over time. People aren't tuned to find one range of temperature cold all the time and another range hot, instead they adapt to their surroundings as their surroundings change. The same 40 degree day that might feel like torture in November ends up being routine by January, becau... | [
"Because you like wasting energy? I keep my house at 74 in the summer and 68 in the winter."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
would someone who ate an excess of healthy foods be healthier than someone who ate an excess of unhealthy food? | [
"Both would end up seriously overweight if they kept up that diet. The person eating a more varied diet including fruits and vegetables would likely be marginally healthier due to nutrition and cholesterol as you noted."
] | [
"There is no such thing as healthy or unhealthy foods. There are healthy and unhealthy *diets*, and if a diet is healthy or not depends on the person and their activity. For example the person who eats 3500 calories a day that are high in protein and fat yet is a bodybuilder may be eating a healthy diet while the o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do your eyes turn off when you sleep or are you still able to see? | [
"My understanding of current research is that vision still gets processed at a basic level, but it doesn't register in your consciousness unless it's very important (like life-threatening). You could say your entire vision is subliminal when you're asleep."
] | [
"Your eyes may be physically exhausted and it may seem like you can fall asleep while you're watching it, but in reality your brain is still alert because of the movie. Once you turn it off, you realize you're not mentally tired and ready to sleep, it only seemed like it. But it still feels good to close your eyes ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and boredom:"
} |
As a defense lawyer, if your client confesses to you, are you still allowed to "make up" a story that fits the evidence to provide an alternative explanation as to what happened? | [
"You are specifically not allowed present a theory you know to be false. For this reason, some defense attorneys will discourage their clients from confessing so they can maintain plausible deniability."
] | [
"It's what we call an adversarial system. The idea is that the best, most truthful outcome happens when both sides have to argue it out. Even if the defendant did it beyond a doubt he or she is still entitled to a defense, and their lawyer is actually required to make their best effort to support the client's inter... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is the United States middle class shrinking? | [
"The cost of living is going up but the wages that people are getting are not. That means that the middle class is slipping down into the lower class, and the lower class are slipping below the poverty line."
] | [
"Have you been paying attention to the news at all this past year? FIFA is astonishingly corrupt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
The difference between Pork, Ham and Bacon? | [
"Pork is any part of the hog unaltered. Ham is a cut of hog(upper rear leg) that is smoked or cured. And bacon a cut of hog(pork belly) that is smoked."
] | [
"It is called both Canadian Bacon and to a far lesser degree Irish Bacon or Back Bacon in the US. This is because they are the cuts that the Canadians and Irish (as well as the UK) call bacon. They are from the pork loin which is the back muscles toward the rear of the pig. But what we Americans call bacon is from... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does the internet tend to be mostly liberal ? (Especially on sites like reddit.) | [
"Because internet usage tends to skew young and young people tend to be liberal."
] | [
"Here's how I did it. Read a few articles every day. If something interests you, crack open Wikipedia and read more background on it. Ask questions to well-informed people in your life (or online). And get your information from multiple sources, I can't emphasize this enough. I usually use the New York Times, The E... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Education:"
} |
Why doesn't getting hit in the balls hurt instantaneously? | [
"I always thought of it from an evolutionary standpoint. A shot to the testicles can be almost completely incapacitating, but we have evolved to allow us a window of a few seconds to reciprocate and exact justice."
] | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
If you can buy a 64 GB thumb drive for around 40 bucks why does Apple charge several hundred dollars more for the 64 GB iPhone or iPad compared to the base models? | [
"Because people will pay that much more. Having said that, it's not like they're just gluing a 64GB thumb drive onto their base model and calling it a day. Phones and tablets have the vast majority of their available space dedicated to things that aren't storage; the space they need to fit 64GB into is probably sma... | [
"If they put an SD slot on your tablet, then you can just buy the cheapest model and then later buy an expansion. With no slot present, you are forced to buy a larger sized tablet, which of course implies higher cost and profits for the company."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How is Bosch's stock trending around $19,000 per share? | [
"The absolute cost per share of a stock is a relatively meaningless number. You can divide a company into whatever number of shares you like, and that number can change over time (and does, when companies do stock splits or merges). If a company has a high price per share, it basically just means that they haven't ... | [
"IBM is at 140.57. GE is at 10.21. Where are you seeing whole dollar prices?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is the difference between an homage or an allusion, and plagiarism or a rip-off? | [
"Intent is the primary difference. With an homage, you want the audience to know what you're imitating. Ideally, you're providing your own spin on it to stand in contrast. With plagiarism, you're hoping the audience doesn't know what you're imitating. You want them to think it's your own idea."
] | [
"It depends on what you actually do with the artwork. If you attempt to pass the artwork off as your own for any reason, its plagiarism. If you attempt to sell your copy claiming it is the original, then it is forgery. If you attempt to profit in anyway using copies of the artwork, then it is a copyright violation.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do we hear more about atheists attacking Christianity compared to Islam or Judaism? | [
"I'm assuming you hear this in North America, where a majority of religious people are christian. If they happened to be muslin or hindu and were pushing religion on atheists, it would be that respective religion you'd hear atheists \"attacking\"."
] | [
"If I wanted to define what it means to be Christian, how would I do that? Are all good Christians Republicans? Socialists? Do they believe as Calvinists that wealth is a sign of God's love, or as Lollards do that poverty is the mark of God's love? Every idea that has ever existed has been embraced as Christian by ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we get excited when we take a poop? | [
"Now I wonder if I'm doing this wrong... am I supposed to be getting excited when I poo?"
] | [
"Why does a post about the need to urinate make me have to pee?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Health:"
} |
Why is Russia seemingly so interested in protecting Syria? They have sent weapons and are now sending two naval ships? | [
"Let me link you to a [comment] (_URL_0_) I made in another thread. Its in Rusian national intrests for Syria to stay the way it is."
] | [
"Russia invaded a part of a Eastern European country called Ukraine it took an area of land called the Crimea. In addition, it gave tanks, artillery and other weapons to pro-Russia rebels in Ukraine. The US and EU responded with sanctions and other measures. Many other Eastern European countries have been threatene... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How Nikola Tesla's Radiant Energy Apparatus works and why we don't hear anything about radiant energy nowadays. | [
"[Check again](_URL_1_). One of the main obstacles is to get a collimated beam as to prevent transmission losses. There are other proposals of [wireless energy transfer](_URL_0_)."
] | [
"I am currently reading \"A Short History of Nearly Everything\" from Bill Bryson. He does a wonderfull Job at explaining how we got to know stuff like Gravitational Force, Distance to other Planets, the shape and structure of the Earth, etc. Give it a try if you are interested in this stuff, its really funny writt... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why are most bright coloured hair dyes only semi-permenant, when bright RED is available in a permenant dye? | [
"Supply and demand. The vast majority of people who dye their hair do it to accentuate a with a natural color, and most businesses do not want their employees coming in with non-natural-colored hair anyway. This is combined with the fact that it's hard to get your hair white enough to make a color like blue or gree... | [
"The only colorant in natural hair color are two different kinds of melanins: eumelanin and pheomelanin. Eumelanin is brown while pheomelanin is red. It may seems like there are a lot of different hair colors, but it's really just different combinations of eumelanin and pheomelanin in different concentrations. Ther... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How is it possible that every country is in debt? | [
"Mostly private investors. If you own savings bonds, then you're one of the people the government owes money to. Debt spending is a major public finance tool. The trick is not to borrow too much..."
] | [
"What do you mean? Do you mean why Germany is where it is and not where China is?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does Google chrome use so much RAM? | [
"Because you have it. Chrome is designed to make optimal use of available resources. If your computer has memory available, Chrome will use it. This is why there is so much variation when people report how much RAM Chrome is using. It runs fluidly on everything from 2 GB Chromebooks to 64 GB gaming rigs, in each ca... | [
"It uses less memory so you'll be able to take more pictures without backing up to a computer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Are there species of animal younger than humans on Earth? | [
"Polar bears are thought to have split from brown bears around 150,000 years ago, while modern humans are roughly 200,000 years old."
] | [
"In short because they appear more biologically similar than they are. Do you have a specific case in mind?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't we mass produce animals going extinct like we do cows and chickens? | [
"It's hard to reintroduce a condor to the wild if it's never flown. The conditions animals live in prior to being butchered isn't really conducive to longterm life, let alone teaching animals how to cut it in the wild. There are also issues with animals like the panda, which have very low reproductive rates. It's ... | [
"Organic food is one of the biggest scams in history. Don't be taken in. If we all ate organic, like the proponents say we should. MIllions and millions of people would starve."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
If homosexuality is not a choice and determined at birth, is Pedophilia not also? | [
"There isnt really enough research out there on the topic but yes many argue that Pedophilia is more or less out of the persons control (whether or not thats due to genes or nurture is another thing). As such we shouldnt shun pedophiles as long as they aren't acting on said urges. Theres even groups out there of se... | [
"Because anyone who claims to have a complete understanding of the root cause of sexual preference is wrong. What we do know is that people don't \"choose to be gay.\" But that does not mean there is a gay gene. It only means sexual preference isn't something someone chooses at some point in life, and it isn't some... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we call countries 'First World' or 'Third World'? | [
"Back during the Cold War there were three basic blocks/alliances of countries. US + its Allies: First World USSR + its Allies: Second World Non-Aligned Powers (mostly former colonies that didn't feel inclined to join either side): Third World With the fall of communism the second world term fell out of use but yo... | [
"1st World - NATO-aligned states. 2nd World - Warsaw Pact aligned states. 3rd World - Unaligned states. Since the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact there really isn't a 2nd World any more."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How exactly do pirates in their tiny boats manage to get aboard such large vessels to take it hostage? | [
"With a ladder and guns. Ever see that movie Captain Phillips? Go watch that."
] | [
"On a boat, you can have thousands of pounds of goods and don't need anyone to carry it. It's floating. Your crew can sleep while you continue moving. You don't need to brave the incredibly brutal terrain of Egypt. You don't need to feed and care for the hundreds of animals that may be needed to carry your cargo ho... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why pornstars enter the business looking nice, and end up ruining their looks with makeup and plastic surgery. | [
"I can imagine they think that a procedure or two look good and hell, maybe the first few come out great, and then more procedures later shit hits the fan"
] | [
"It's like CGI in films. You don't notice a lot of it. You only notice what stands out. Tens of thousands of people undergo cosmetic surgeries every day, and you'd have no idea. It can be simple things like having protruding ears pinned back, eyelids changed, lip lifts, nose jobs etc etc.. if surgery is done well, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why do cockroaches die upside down? | [
"When a cockroach dies, its neurons release chemicals that cause its muscles to spasm. This usually results in the bug getting flipped on its back, since that's a stable position for the legs to flail and not much to happen."
] | [
"Your face is swollen when you wake up from sleeping? You might want to stop sleeping hanging upside down, mate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Can someone explain that feeling of "being watched", even when alone? | [
"It is more that your brain is unaware of what is around you, and gets you to look around to check that there are no tigers sneaking up on you."
] | [
"Someone posted something before on here, but it's not being alone in the dark that is scary to people, it's the fear of not being alone in the dark."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the sinking of the Titanic still fascinate children, adults, educators, and researchers globally? | [
"I don't know about researchers, I think the actual facts are fairly well established. However, I believe it fascinates us for the sheer scale of the disaster. We are speaking about a ship literally billed as unsinkable. Its sinkage was a big deal, especially the media attention it received. So, in short, I'd say t... | [
"Many of course are teachers. If we do not remember our history we are condemned to repeat it. There are many ideas floating around, political ideas mostly, about how to run the government. Most have been tried. If we read our history we can try to avoid the mistakes of the past. History is a broad field. Genealogy... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why can't you eat nuts even *near* some people with nut allergies? | [
"The oils in nuts, and many foods, evaporate. Once airborne someone nearby who is severely allergic can breathe them in and have a reaction. Additionally these oils can transfer to things that you touch after you eat them, so if the person allergic touches that item too they can have a reaction. And finally with ... | [
"Peanuts aren't nuts. They are legumes. Being allergic to legumes has no relation to being allergic to nuts."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
WTF is the number after classes in the US? Informatics 101, etc. | [
"100 and 200 level class are general education and introductary classes to a subject. Usually they can be taken by anyone regardless of major. 300 and 400 level classes are more advanced classes and are generally only for the people who are involved in a major for those classes. All 100 to 400 level classes are for... | [
"MR is Memory Recall MC is Memory Clear M+ is Memory add M- is Memory subtract Think of them like the Copy and Paste for the Calculator."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
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How does tuberculosis make scars on lungs? Do these scars have any effect on lungs? | [
"Tuberculosis bacteria are *very* slow growing, but also *extraordinarily* tough. If you are exposed to the disease, it will often go latent and not cause disease for possibly decades. But it's still there, in your lungs, in an arms race with your immune system! Inside the lungs, tuberculosis bacteria will end up ... | [
"Depends on the kind of cancer. Most often it is because the tumor invades existing tissue and replaces it with non-functional tumor. Say you have a tumor of your liver and that invades your kidney. That effectively removes your kidney. Brain and spinal tumors can compromise the CSNto the point it does not function... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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How do cell phones work? How does a cell tower know which phone to send a message to, and why don't other phones receive the message too? | [
"You power your phone on. Once the radio boots up, it brings to seek a signal from the strongest cellular tower. Your phone finds a strong signal and sends, in layman a terms, a handshake with identifying information about your device. \"Hey. I'm a Verizon device. Here's my identification. Can I get in here?\" Th... | [
"Basically, it is your cell phone talking back and forth with the cell phone tower nearby. If I were to explain this to a five year old, I would tell them that normally, your speakers receive a special music signal from your iPod/TV/whatever. When your speakers recognize this signal, it converts it into an audio s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
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What's the point of a rebate? Why not discount the price in the store and save everyone the hassle? | [
"Because they hope you'll forget to send your rebate in thus losing the discount."
] | [
"They don't make them, just buy them at a distributor for a lower price and put their name on it. They can afford to do so because they don't have to advertise or spend money on packaging or placement. They already have a place on their shelf to sell the product for lower than the competition. At least that's my 5 ... | eli5_question_answer | {
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how coilguns and railguns work | [
"Railguns use a magnetic field to accelerate a huge piece of metal and throw it at a target. f=ma , have a large m and a and you get an even larger f"
] | [
"Simply put the microwavea creares by the oven push around electrons withing the metal causing the metal to have different charges in different parts of the metal. Metal objects that are crunched up like tin foil for example create a small cap whee these electric charges can jump and cause sparks Tldr: im drunk"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
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Why, in films and TV shows, does the audio come in a second before the scene changes on the screen? | [
"It's a stylistic choice. It often helps \"carry\" the scene, to make a change less abrupt and help the movie feel like it flows better. Or it could have thematic elements. Basically, it's done on purpose for a variety of reasons, that may or may not be \"good\" reasons, but it's always done on purpose for a specif... | [
"It lets you sync the audio with the video. You sync the loud \"clap\" of the clapperboard to the instant the two parts touch each other, rather than trying to find some other cue to sync the two data files together."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
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how do stab/cut proof shirts work? | [
"The threads are made out of Kevlar in many protective fabrics. They are knitted into a loop-locking fabric so that there aren't slots for the knife to get through. It's not a cool as chain mail, but much lighter."
] | [
"Your clothing may be of a thick material but the question is how tightly woven are the fibers of the material. IF they're not that tightly woven, the skeety-mother-fucker can stick his stinger-thing right down in there and drink your blood. Bastard. On the other hand, mosquito resistant fabrics might not be thick ... | eli5_question_answer | {
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What exactly is a Tesseract? | [
"I always think that if a drawing of a cube is a 2D representation of a 3D object, a model of tesseract is a 3D representation of a 4D object. Is that right?"
] | [
"You mean in the D & D sense?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
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Why does my job, by default, take superfluous income out of my pay for taxes, so that at the end of the year I have to file for return? | [
"> is the main reason people don't do this because most people are horrible at budgeting, and they will not have the required funds when their taxes are due at the end of the year? *Bingo* It's *safer* to have the basic federal state and local taxes subtracted from your paycheck up front. There are fewer possibili... | [
"It's mostly the same here in the USA as in NZ. For the vast, vast majority of workers, it's a tax return, not taxes. Our taxes get taken out (well, the estimated amount at least) with each paycheck. Only contractors have to pay their own taxes at the end of the year, usually. It is required to do it yearly, though... | eli5_question_answer | {
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How does mathematical modeling work? | [
"Mathematical modelling is a broad topic, but the basic principle is that you use data to estimate relationships between variables, and can then use those relationships to predict how changing one variable will change another. A very simple example would be looking at a graph of age against height. You can imagine ... | [
"Statistics is a branch of mathematics. The math does not change, but how you apply it does, and that is what tailor made classes do, teach you how to apply the math."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Mathematics:",
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Why do we get bags under our eyes when we don't get enough sleep? | [
"Looks /u/LucidiK is partly right. From some quick research gravity is a major factor and sleep is not such a large factor. Bags under ones eyes get worse as you age. Fat and skin are pulled down by gravity and pool up right below your eyes, being help up my your lower eyelid I can assume. It also looks like when y... | [
"There are a lot of nerves in our faces. Stimulating these nerves helps to keep you awake. This is why you see babies doing this a lot when they are tired and don't want to go to sleep yet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
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How can there be a infinite number of prime numbers? Shouldn't you eventually completely run out? | [
"tl;dr: there can't be a finite number of prime numbers because, if you ever had _all_ the primes, you could easily construct a number which isn't divisible by any of them, which means you don't have all the primes, which contradicts our assumption."
] | [
"You could count the integers, if you had an infinite amount of time. You could sit down and go \"1,2,3,4...\". It would take an infinite amount of time, but you could list every single integer. But you *cannot* do this with the real numbers. If you give me a list of real numbers, even an infinitely long list, I ca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Mathematics:"
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why do men get random boners. | [
"Sometimes the tissue just needs to have blood flow through it to make sure everything is working correctly."
] | [
"stop poking your eye it isn't good for you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology/Physiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology/Physiology:",
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Why is it that I often see in for example horror movies, that it is thunderstorms and strong windstorms simoultanously, but I have never seen that in real life? | [
"You probably live somewhere with more mild weather. Most horror movies generally don't take place in cities, because the proximity with other people and civilization is comforting. You ever been to Missouri? Thunder, wind, hella rain, and a lot of \"middle of nowhere\" podunk places that murderers might hang out a... | [
"It doesn't. That may be a coincidence you are noticing. It can thunder without rain (heat storms, etc). It can rain without thunder."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
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What is the Kansas City Shuffle and why is it called that? | [
"It's where you feign to be something that lures your opponent into a false sense of security; then you abuse their belief in your facade to attack/manipulate/violate/exploit them. E.g. I pretend to be a cripple. They assume I cannot walk. I bet them $10 I am faster than them. They agree. I sprint and win the race.... | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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Why does eating after taking a pill help the pill take effect? | [
"Sometimes it's actually because the designers want the pill to take effect *slower* than it would on an empty stomach. Drug and alcohol users know from experience that taking things on an empty stomach will make the things hit harder and faster. When you have food in your stomach, things are absorbed a little bit ... | [
"There is a coating around the medicine when in pill form. That coating around the outside of the pill can be manufactured to control the release time of the drug into the system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
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can information travel faster than the speed of light? | [
"> assume he doesnt deform you can't ask for an answer and then throw away the laws of physics; The rod *will* deform, and it will deform at exactly the speed of sound for that material (the speed of sound is different for an object than it is for air)"
] | [
"Galaxies are not travelling faster than the speed of light. This is because nothing can move through space faster than light."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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Why can some court cases be delayed years until they are actually carried out? | [
"> If I'm not mistaken, the sixth amendment provides the right for those involved in criminal prosecutions to a speedy trial. You can waive this right, and most defense lawyers do. This gives the defense time to prepare (get and analyze evidence that the prosecution has, get tests done, come up with plausible expl... | [
"Not for a trial but delayed for an investigation. If someone was able to do that, no further executions would take place until measures were put in place to prevent it from happening again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Law and Justice:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Law and Justice:",
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} |
Why is there no machine that creates electricity by converting heat energy from ambient air? | [
"energy isn't like money that you can just move from one account to another. there has to be a feasible way to harness it. for example when mechanical energy is turned into electrical energy you are moving a coil in a magnetic field thus getting a current to flow."
] | [
"What exactly do you suppose should power these machines? Maybe we can power them by burning oil? The most efficient machines to take CO² out of the atmosphere are plants and they work on solar energy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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This video on the Banach-Tarski Paradox | [
"Basically infinity does not work the same way that numbers do. If I have an infinite set of points, and I take one point away, I still have an infinite set of points left. I can keep taking away points and sill have an infinite number left. If those points are on the surface of a sphere, I can essentially take \"... | [
"Apologies for no actual explaination but [Island of Stability](_URL_0_) article on Wikipedia has an interesting take."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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How do motorcycle gears work? | [
"Getting a stationary object (anything - car, motorcycle, bit of furniture) moving is the hardest bit. It's therefore essential that you can generate lots of force at this point, and that's why low gears exist. In a low gear, transmission of the bike can produce lots of force at the wheel to get it going, but with ... | [
"That's exactly how car insurance works. Can you clarify your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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what exactly is so special about ash's pikachu? | [
"It was in the second episode. Pikachu let out a massive thunder shock attack while team rocket were trying to steal pokemon from the pokemon center that literally blew the whole place to pieces. They didn't want him before that."
] | [
"why would you eat your mentor? but the reaction will cause you to vomit uncontrollably sort of like putting baking soda in vinegar."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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how does Euler’s formula connect real and imaginary numbers? | [
"The best explanation I've ever seen is in Feynman's lectures on physics. One of the chapters is a condensed and exceptionally written presentation of algebra. It ends with the equivalences between complex exponents and trigonometric functions. _URL_0_"
] | [
"They're used in a lot of math that has real world applications since they can be used to denote the x and y axes of a sinusoidal function. For example the function F = cos(theta) + i sin(theta) has tons of practical applications in electric circuits, mechanism analysis, and in a fluid analysis technique called pot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
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Can really small things be drastically affected by the surface gravity of the human body? | [
"Gravity is an incredibly weak force, but one with a long reach. The typical human's gravitational pull would be orders of magnitude weaker than other local forces like electrostatic attraction/repulsion between molecules on the surface and impacts from incoming light and stray air molecules. If you were able to pe... | [
"The effects of gravity between local objects outweighs the overall expansion. Local can be quite a long distance away when dealing with the gravity of huge masses like the total mass of stars in a galaxy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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Why are human beings inclined to hate (or reluctant to instantly accept) what is different? | [
"Because to our primitive ancestors, different usually meant bad. That tuber smells different? Probably rotten, don't eat it. Your dog acting weird? Might have rabies, stay away. That stranger looks different than you? Probably from a rival tribe, and up to no good."
] | [
"It doesn't matter. Not really. It's frowned upon because most of us are hardwired for survival (evolution and all that). When we find someone for whom this isn't the driving force, we tend to think they're sick (must be, because we would never do that) and again, we're hardwired to fear and avoid illness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
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} |
What is the profit breakdown of professional sports jersey sales? | [
"The actual cuts are going to vary depending on a number of factors, but... Reebok, the league in question, and the team all get a cut. The player *may* get a cut depending on the terms of the league and team contracts. The more famous a player and the more recently he or she signed their employment contracts, the ... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
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Why is everyone getting 'error loading' pages? What's the deal with Reddit? | [
"Short \"kid friendly\" answer: Because too many people are asking Reddit something. It's kinda like if a couple of people started asking you stuff in real life. Now imagine a couple hundred at the same time you would just breakdown the same thing is happening to Reddit at peak traffic hours."
] | [
"Why are empty threads showing up on the front page? This makes no sense."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
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"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
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What happens when the universe 'dies'? | [
"Basically all energy will be in the form of heat scattered around, which isn't very useful. It's part of the laws of thermodynamics that you can't create order from disorder in a closed system (a system is closed if there's no outside source of energy), so there will never be a way to \"put back\" all that heat in... | [
"We finally saw the universe's stretchmarks from when it got really big, really fast after the Big Bang."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
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Why is graphic violence allowed on American tv but one showing of a female breast is enough to send the nation into moral panic? | [
"Graphic violence is very very rarely shown on tv. Just make believe pretend stuff. There would be a huge outcry if they started showing any actual violence. We even edit it out of the news a lot of the time."
] | [
"This is not limited to games, when was the last time you saw a nude person on Sesame Street? People want to shelter their kids from the world and then throw them into head first when they turn 18. This is why therapists are so popular these days."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
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What actually is an explosion? | [
"An explosion is an *extremely* rapid change in volume that results in a large, quickly moving pressure wave. It's often, but not always, caused my the rapid decomposition of chemicals (explosives) that turn into a huge volume of gas extremely fast. Imagine a solid bowling ball in the ocean, surrounded by water. N... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
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In this day and age of plenty what has caused a famine in Sudan? | [
"War and drought. War is usually the main cause of famine these days, where fighting displaces people so they can't grow food, and blocks access of humanitarian efforts to provide food. Shipping food to people in a war zone is the main problem, not finding donated food."
] | [
"Because it's a trend that has exploded mostly among people with disposable income, whereas a lot of the obesity problem can be linked to poverty."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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How did we come to develop modern computers from just natural resources? | [
"It's going to be relatively difficult to sum up the complete history of invention and technological advancement in anything less than a number of books, I'd think."
] | [
"Considering all of our technology is built on physics and math and that the laws of physics and math are universal, yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
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Do I look the same as I do in a mirror? | [
"No, you don't look the same as you do in a mirror. In the mirror you see your image flipped, so essentially you see yourself in reverse. That's why you seem to look different in photographs compared to how you're used to seeing yourself (reflected surfaces) because a picture of you is your \"true\" appearance, whe... | [
"Because you haven't fallen in love with a woman yet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
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Why does the US have such strong protections for free speech, to the point where it applies even to neo-Nazis? | [
"Most countries free speech laws are \"positive\", i.e. \"Citizens CAN express ideas\", which leaves room for the government to make restrictions against hate speech and such. The U.S. has a \"negative\" free speech law, i.e. \"The government can NOT infringe upon a citizens speech\". We've agreed that restriction... | [
"In America we have very strong free speech laws which means that you can say whatever you want as long as you are not directly threatening someone. You can not ban a political opinion just because it it is deplorable, even if the whole country is against it. We fought Saddam Hussein too, it is not illigal to suppo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
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What does the differential do and what is a limited-slip differential? | [
"I can't explain it better than this video: _URL_0_"
] | [
"I buy a car that has 4 wheels, two in the front and two in the rear. Now, when my car is front wheel drive, FWD, the engine is driving only the front wheels. When my car is rear wheel drive, RWD, engine is driving rear wheels only. Now when you have four wheel drive, 4WD, the force is given to both front- and rear... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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Melting a cup half filled with water over flames | [
"Water is really good at absorbing heat, and it can take a lot of it. The heat that is being absorbed by the bottom of the cup is quickly absorbed by the water. It will continue this way until the water is removed (through evaporation or maybe spilled out) or the heat would have to be so hot that the water cannot a... | [
"If you suffocate it too quickly, you could result in splash-back. Gently setting a lid on top of it won't cause that. Flaming oil flying all over the place is bad."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
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Why do humans need such a variety of foods when animals usually only have one and get so much bigger and stronger then humans? | [
"Different organisms require different vitamins/minerals in their diet. Some organisms can manufacture said items internally and some need to ingest them. Animals with highly specialized diets have evolved to function that way. Also as noted simply because humans have a variety of foods available to us does not mea... | [
"It’s very possible. And despite what others are saying: There is no need for nutritional carbohydrates. The body can make as much glucose as it needs from other energy sources. There is no need to eat the whole animal. The fact that peoples which have a traditional diet of all meat tend to eat the whole animal jus... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How can Man be certain we haven't cross-contaminated other planets and the moon as a byproduct of our exploration? | [
"We don't know 100% that they are clean, but we do know 99.99%. The organisms here on earth simply would not survive on either surface. The environments are extremely hostile to organisms which require oxygen and water to survive. Furthermore, in the time frame of millions of years, it's much more likely we'll dir... | [
"There's nothing stopping it from happening theoretically, but for now, NASA is trying very hard to prevent contaminating Mars with life from earth. Any kind of organisms that could be found on Mars should be studied, and if you just ship a bunch of extremophile bacteria from earth to Mars, you contaminate the pla... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
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} |
Why can't they/won't they extinguish the "door to hell" in Derweze, Turkmenistan? | [
"They could extinguish it for example with some explosion that would momentarily consume all the oxygen. But it's in the middle of nowhere and Turkmenistan already is very rich in natural gas, so they really haven't had strong incentive to do anything about it."
] | [
"Soviet comrades invade Afghanistan. We invade to fight Soviets. Afghans are like wtf.jpeg Taliban fights Soviets too; funded by us. Taliban decide they don't like us there either. We overstay our welcome. Then Bush did 9/11. (Obviously) We invade Iraq because wmd's. Surprise surprise no wmd's. Mfw Vietnam flashbac... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
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} |
Why are PC games being released with graphics issues to the point that they're not playable, what's happening during development? | [
"- Developer's machines tend to be really high end. They have to be able to run the game **and** a bunch of expensive tools at the same time. - QA's machines are often more reasonable specs, but they also tend to be running in an ideal environment, with all the latest updates and all the drivers up to date. - There... | [
"The requirements for a game are basically a marketing tool. There's no clear performance criteria a system must meet for a game to have minimal requirements listed. It's completely up to the publisher's discretion. Put the requirements too high, and people won't buy. Put them too low, and people will be disappoint... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
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Why do so many Americans claim to be of Irish heritage yet none of them claim to be of English heritage? | [
"[This article goes in depth about possible reasons](_URL_0_) which I'll try to tl;dr here in some bullet points (Again, these are only possibilities as there's no clear cut answer) * English heritage wasn't as bragged about post-revolutionary war * English heritage was also so common there was no reason to brag ab... | [
"Well, pretty obviously the answer is because they were descended from people from Africa. And on the contrary, you do (or did) hear people describe themselves as Irish-American or Italian-American. Most black people in the US have no issue with being called black though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
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} |
I've always heard that email is not a secure form of communication, so how can it be a crime to read or forward an email which was not sent by/to you? | [
"Passing out drunk in the street is not a way to secure your wallet, but stealing someone's wallet while they are passed out drunk in the street is still a crime. How easy it is to commit a crime doesn't have anything to do with whether it is a crime or not."
] | [
"By law, these are considered government related business documents and must be stored and maintained on government servers for future access in case of investigation, etc. Anything that she sent from her personal account would not be stored on a government server. Additionally, sending from a personal account is j... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
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Are there known evolutionary reasons that humans have a sense of aesthetics? Ex. Thinking that trees are beautiful, puppies are cute, art is beautiful, music sounds good, etc. | [
"Several. The art and music builds group cohesion. You are attracted to your own group's art and music which makes you feel connected to other members of your group. Young animals and other \"cute\" species have facial proportions similar to our own young. We find our young cute so that we, you know, like them and ... | [
"Spiders are poisonous. Heights can break bone upon fall. Water can drown. These are things that are millions of years old. As old as our species. If a person is born with a fear of something that might kill them, and their neighbour is not, their neighbour is much more likely to be killed by that thing. Adapting ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
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How do we know that prehistoric Earth only had one super-continent? | [
"There are certain elements of rock strata that can be traced to a single development. For example the famous tip of the Matterhorn consists of metamorphosed granites and gneisses which is identical to the composition of parts of the Apulian plate which is part of Africa. It is incredibly unlikely that such identic... | [
"Quickly as in the scale of time on Earth. The Earth is 4.5 billion years old. Life arose at least 3.5 billion years ago. For much of that gap the Earth had had things like a molten surface, a lot of volcanic activity, massive amounts of asteroid impacts, etc. It was a pretty hostile place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Is there a difference in UV protection between cheap $10 sunglasses and expensive ones? I'm afraid the cheap ones will dilate my pupils and let in UV light. | [
"If the sunglasses are certified as UVA/UVB protective, then it shouldn't be a problem. UV protection is cheap to apply. However, cheaper sunglasses may wear out quicker (lose protection) if you store them in an area where the lenses get rubbed a bunch (like pocketbook without a case), but I can't find any data on ... | [
"If the room is overwhelmingly dark, except for the TV, then your pupils will be wide open to let lots of light in. If the room is relatively bright, your pupils will be smaller and thus let less light in. The idea is that this lets less \"harmful\" TV light in, although TVs themselves shouldn't give off too much h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What are antioxidants and why are they so praised by food labels? | [
"Antioxidants are just vitamins. A, C, and E specifically. There was some research that these helped fight free radicals in your body (which are things that cause cancer). Then the dying blueberry industry went \"HEY!! Blueberries have those! Hey everyone, look! Antioxidants will save your life! Eat blueberries and... | [
"We don't really know that much about nutrition. What we do know is that foods in their natural state are healthier for us than processed things. Supplements will help prevent certain diseases caused by vitamin deficiencies, but eating fruits and vegetables is healthier in general."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
what is the difference between a scripting language, markup language, and a compiled language? | [
"The difference between compoled and scripting language is much smaller than between those and a markup language. So scripting languages are interpreted and executed on the fly every time you execute your script. A compiled language is prepared for execution once (compiled) and then just run every time you use it... | [
"There are different ways a language can be produced. Some languages, like Java, are interpreted languages. In order to develop Java, the language had to be defined, then a special program, the Java Runtime Environment, had to be developed. This program has to be installed on a machine so that it recognizes the lan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is lethal injection considered so humane? | [
"It doesn't look like they're suffering. That's pretty much it. Personally I'd change it to a dosage of morphine twenty times higher than required to kill an addict."
] | [
"Use of Nitrogen asphyxiation has been suggested, as it would have little risk of pain unlike Carbon Monoxide or Carbon Dioxide, except members of the pro-death penalty lobby have opposed it as being TOO humane. > When asked if nitrogen would be a more humane way for the state to kill, the leading voice of the Ame... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why isn't there any way for me to live without being ruled by some government? | [
"[You can.](_URL_0_) If you live with any number of other humans you'll form some sort of a societal structure. Before long, you'll have yourself a primitive government."
] | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are my old smartphones (2013) so slow today doing simple stuff like photos and internet browsing when it could run Playstation 3 graphics games with ease? | [
"Planned Obsolescence. _URL_0_ Basically, if you make the perfect product, then people would not need to replace or buy a new version. However, if you ensure that your product degrades over time, then you'll force your customers to make repeat purchases."
] | [
"They don't usually, unless it's really old and/or cheap. Usually, it's because of added programs and higher demand. All added programs that run in the background and check for updates, all the possible viruses, etc. all add in making the computer seem less powerful, as it has to spare some power to handle those th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are directors and actors usually more praised (bigger salary, more famous) than the writers of a TV show/film? | [
"You can hire people to replace the writers and most of the time still come up with a decent product. Replacing the actors is much more noticeable to viewers and really changes the feel of the show even if the writers remain the same."
] | [
"If a movie is a meal at a restaurant, the director is the head chef who prepares the recipe how they like it and directs the staff. The writer is whoever wrote the original recipe. The producer is the restaurant manager who hired the chef and everyone else, manages the money, pays the staff, and decides what recip... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what are the biological, psychological, or other scientific explanations as to why humans seem to be so attracted to violence? | [
"The capacity to do violence effectively is pretty much a life-skill of every other animal on earth. We are lucky that lots of smart humans came before us and set things up so tons of us get to just sit on our asses and enjoy our lives but that doesn't mean we aren't still hard coded to fight. Play and sport are bo... | [
"Because humans are the only species with a complex enough social structure to allow for emotions such as embarrassment."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What would be the environmental impact if everyone who drank cow milk switched over to vegan milk (coconut, almond, cashew, etc)? | [
"I want to mention that most vegan milks are not nutritionally equivalent to cow's milk. For example: Homo milk has 180 calories, 8 grams of fat, and 9 grams of protein in 1 cup 2% milk has 160 calories, 5 grams of fat, and 9 grams of protein in 1 cup Skim milk has 90 calories, 0 grams of fat, and 9 grams of prote... | [
"Milk contains mostly fat, proteins (mostly casein), and lactose (a sugar). Whole cow's milk is about 4% fat by weight. This is the milk straight out of the cow (then pasteurized to kill bacteria). The fat content can be artificially reduced afterwards for consumers. 2% milk is, thus, half the fat of whole milk. Sk... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Agriculture and food production:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Agriculture and food production:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does Russia always seem to take the side of anti-intervention in the middle east? | [
"Russia has numerous business ties to both Iran and Syria. They are not allies, per say, but real friendly. Also Russia like to take a ideological stand to U.S. involved interventions in their back yard. The way they see it (and always have) is that the U.S. should stick to our side of the oceans and leave Asia & E... | [
"Well you just gave a perfectly fine example of the fact that the real underlying reasons for the great western military prescence in the Middle East is not to fight Muslim extremists."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about current affairs:"
} |
Why is there a cannabinoid receptor in our brain? | [
"The human body produces [endocannabinoids](_URL_0_), which are molecules that bind to those receptors. It just so happens that several species of plant, the most notable of which is cannabis, also produce variations of cannaboid molecules that can bind to those same receptors."
] | [
"The spicy chemical (capsaicin) binds to the vanilloid receptor 1. The simple explanation is that these receptors don't exist in between your mouth and your bum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
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