query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Explain like I'm 5: the difference(s) between socialism and communism. | [
"You all seem to be asking a lot about communism here."
] | [
"Left-wing answer: Not enough socialism Right-wing answer: Too much socialism"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why do I see servicemen in their Camo "gear" around college campuses? | [
"They might be ROTC cadets wearing their uniforms. Is there a military installation nearby? I wore my uniform when I went to class on my lunch break. I went back to work afterwards."
] | [
"Because they were orginally for horse back travel."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do people make those celebrity face collages made out of pictures of people's faces? | [
"Either they spend a long time getting the colouring right, or they use a computer program to do it for them. Probably the second one. Also some of the pictures have tones of colour added to them to make them fit."
] | [
"Mainly because I have no idea what that picture will be used for, what context it will be shown in, etc. More so, I can imagine, if you're a woman, with all these creepy subreddits and websites out there, who knows where that image will end up..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are there glaring, unfair salary differences among race in America? | [
"There is almost no salary difference *at the same level/job*. That data is the median (middle) income for a family based on race. The problem is that many Black and Hispanic people are working lower income jobs, dragging the median down. Asian people tend to work higher paying jobs (doctors, engineers etc) so thei... | [
"The article addresses gender, but I don't see where it addresses race at all. That's a bit surprising, considering the ongoing effective segregation in the US education system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Sociology:"
} |
If the quality of film is so good, then why is it dying? And if so many filmmakers prefer film to digital, then why aren't they sticking with it? | [
"Simply put, digital is a lot cheaper. When you record something on film, all of it goes onto the film, even the mistakes the actors make, which you then have to cut and try again and again until they get it right. With digital it's no biggie, you can record as much as you like and it won't cost much extra. Digital... | [
"There are still enough people willing to pay for porn to make it happen. You may not believe it to be the case, after all, there's so much available for free, but people are still willing to pay for porn VHS and DVDs today. I worked at a store that was still selling porn physical media last year. And if people are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why is private education in England called "public school"? | [
"A small number of older private schools are known as \"public schools\". When they were founded, the name made more sense because it indicated that they were open to the general public rather than being tied to membership of a particular church or other organisation. Other private schools tend to refer to themselv... | [
"A mixture of home-schooling and a lack of funding for public schools. There are a lot of people who \"fall though the cracks\" especially in rural areas."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do "framerates" make a difference in videos? | [
"simplifying u/Ging1721 's answer, Got a slow blinking light? even a car's indicator will do now start it and blink your eyes in such a way that when you open them it seems like the light isn't actually blinking but is constantly on This is exactly what happens in the video you saw! The camera which records at 30 -... | [
"To run a video of a game, which is the same as a PewDiePie episode or a SpongeBob episode.. all your computer has to do is play back the video using whatever player and codec. To actually play the game you have to render a scene, calculate lighting and graphical effects, calculate AI and what not and read player ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does the fuzzing of Up- and Downvotes protect against (Spam)Bots on Reddit? | [
"By obscuring the true vote counts, a bot (or really any user) doesn't know if they've been banned or not. Reddit has a type of ban (called a shadow ban) where your account is banned from voting, but you're still able to login, view content, etc. They use this type on detected bots because it stops the bot from kno... | [
"Are you sure new users should be exposed to /r/all?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do high schools even bother teaching second-language classes with methods that are demonstrably completely ineffective at teaching even a basic level of competence? | [
"For the same reason tests are given as multiple choice, rather than short answer, and education is given as a, \"memorize these facts and regurgitate them later,\": the system is poorly designed from the bottom up."
] | [
"Because someoene who is talented as a teacher can and does do a much better job of teaching than someone who is proficient, yet sucks at teaching. I remember two Spanish teachers. One was a native speaker that was studying for a Masters in Spanish literature, but totally failed as a teacher, because he was bad at ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
- If all the computer understands is 1 and 0, how does it understand what 1 or 0 is text, what is audio or what is video? | [
"The short answer is, it doesn't. Only the monitor knows how to display a sequence of 1's and 0's as a picture. Only the speakers know how to create sound from binary data. What the rest of the computer (CPU, software, video card, etc.) does is process data in the way it's been told to by the programmer or hardware... | [
"Data in terms of fibre optic is sent through a refracting cable via a light wave that is either on or off. A device at the end of the cable that can determine whether the light is either on (1) or off (0) will interpret the data in binary. 101010100011100. If data gets sent in, say, 8 bits this will take 8 bits of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do the numbers on a digital clock appear to shake when I'm brushing my teeth? | [
"It's due to the nature of the LED display. The Light Emitting Diodes flash on and off, virtually imperceptibly, so they appear to show a constant light. However, if you vibrate either your head or the light source fast enough, it will cause an optical illusion similar to how you would perceive movement in a dark r... | [
"It only works in artificial light. Alternating current makes light bulbs flicker - they blink on and off about 60 times per second. Too fast for our eyes to really be able to detect. But if you have a fan spinning at the right speed, 60 RPM divided by the number of blades, it will look like the fan is not moving a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How did Russia become so much bigger than any other country? | [
"They conquered *a lot* of sparsely populated land in Northern Asia. Much of the landmass of today's Russia is still very sparsely populated and inhospitable. Prior to the 16th and 17th centuries (when Russia began to conquer the small polities that existed in these areas) no major nearby settled state (e.g. China... | [
"Russia is a part of Europe. It's also a part of Asia. Or are you asking why Russia isn't in the EU? That's a whole separate question."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do cowboys say "yeehaa"? | [
"It's really kind of a mistake that we think that. People driving horses would say \"gee\" and \"haw\"; the same way people on boats use port and starboard instead of left and right. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Feed me / pet me / let me outside / let me inside / whaaargbl"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The difference between uninstalling a program and deleting all the program files? | [
"There are a few extra pieces of information that your computer stores, called registry entries. Uninstallation removes these, while deleting program files does not. The extraneous registry entries don't take up much space, but they make it harder for your computer to find a useful registry entry among all the junk... | [
"Depending on the program and the OS there can be other things that the installer or installation script does, like copy certain software libraries to the proper places, registry entries for Windows, etc. That is why some software won't work if you simply copy it to a folder."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why aren't there more Asians in MMA and UFC in the Western world? As the birthplace of many martial arts, you'd think there would be a much higher participation by Asians? | [
"a couple reasons. Number one, talented Asian fighters stay in fight in Asia. They make more money and have better prestige there. Also, Asian fighters are actually pretty well represented in the lower weight classes, but they don't fight far below their weight like a lot of other fighters do, because, well, they c... | [
"There's no more martial arts in Asia than there is in Europe. We just view them as foreign so they stick out more. Fencing, wrestling, gymnastics, boxing, and parkour are all European martial arts that are practiced today. Go back in history and you'll find dozens of styles of hand-to-hand combat and sword fightin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How come animals we keep around the house can't catch the common cold? | [
"Colds are caused by viruses which generally try to get the cells to accept them by binding to proteins on the surface of the cell. Think of the protein as a lock and the virus as a burglar who managed to steal your keys: the lock doesn't know the difference and lets the burglar in. Your pets have slightly differen... | [
"Cat saliva has antiseptic properties. Even their asses are no match. This does not mean that anything they find in their asses won't harm them. They're prepared for most things they would find in there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Who makes malware, viruses, and trojans? | [
"Pretty much anyone with a knowledge of computer programming and code. As to why they make viruses/malware/trojans and their motivations really varies from person to person and could be for a multitude of reasons (everything from politics to \"lulz\")."
] | [
"'Malware' is just short for malicious software and 'virus' is a program that replicates itself and infects other files/systems. A virus is a form of malware. What is malicious is open for interpretation though, I despise stuff like toolbars for your browser and other spyware while some crazy people like them. As s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why did Saruman the White defect to Sauron? | [
"Has anyone noticed that both Saruman and Sauron started under Aule? Guy is clearly terrible at choosing employees."
] | [
"First, what is Gandalf? He is a Maiar, essentially a minor angel that has been incarnated into human form. Gandalf (and a couple others, including Saurman) was sent by the gods (Valar) to Middle Earth to help the men, elves and other various \"good\" races combat Sauron. See _URL_0_ > Gandalf faced the Balrog at ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is Spanish the only language that uses upside down exclamation and question marks? | [
"Because....it just is. It wasn't all that long ago that it became \"official\" in spanish (it also used in catalan, I believe) - I've read old spanish text that does not use it from the early 1700s. I think it's pretty nice - knowing at the start of the sentence that you're reading a question is pretty handy."
] | [
"I like to imagine their entire language is two characters. Exclamation points! And question marks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Hot/Cold water piping. What made it so flushing the toilet while somebody was in the shower got hit with either really hot or really cold water, and how that is fixed in modern places. | [
"One of the most common plumbing configurations is a trunk and branch system. This is where a larger diameter pipe runs from one end of the building to the other, and smaller diameter pipes branch off to supply rooms or individual fixtures. If any of the branches demand water (you flush the toilet), there is less w... | [
"because public toilets use thick 1\" piping with sufficient water pressure/capacity to initiate a flush. Your little 1/2\" plumbing in your house would have the worst flush ever, just turning on a faucet and expecting it to take care of your business."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does sleeping help cure a hangover, when if the same amount of time passes whilst awake you will feel little to no difference? | [
"Sleeping off a hangover; sleeping itself doesn't really help. What is happening while you sleep is that your liver is scrubbing the toxins from your system. The best way to address a hang over (other than drinking less, and thats no fun) is to take vitamin B6 and B1, drink lots of water and avoid Tylenol."
] | [
"Masturbation releases hormones that eases the hangover so your body has made horniness a self mechanism to cope with hangover. Also helps with headache if you don't have painkillers or why not just jack off before the pill starts working."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Post-Keynesian economics | [
"Thiis is probably one of the most un-ELI5 friendly questions ever but I'll give it a shot. -there is a trade off between inflation and unemployment in the short run (inflation up, employment up) (inflation is generally bad) -monetary policy *can* affect real output, in the short run (actions of the central bank ca... | [
"Heya, you might be interested in our FAQ section on [Nazis and the occult](_URL_8_). In particular: /u/commiespaceinvader provides a [great overview](_URL_6_) with reading recommendations, /u/idjet talks more specifically about [Nazism and the *medieval* occult](_URL_7_), and /u/Bernardito looks at [Atlantis in th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about History:"
} |
Whenever a singer is really into a song, why do they flail their fingers around the microphone like its a flute? | [
"When you are \"feeling the music\", a number of involuntary and semi-voluntary body movements will develop. These will show in any working musician or others who work with music (DJ's, for instance) whenever there is no choreography something else to make them not do it. They'll also show in anyone who is enjoying... | [
"I remember it being like that to act as a pump that would pull out a competitors semen. That, or it's there to make sure your hand doesn't fly off and hit you in the forehead when you're whackin it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
what's going on with Russia and Ukraine? | [
"The are russian-speaking Ukrainians that want their communities to be united with Russia but the Ukrainian government wont let them. So they are protesting in a hard form and heavily armed."
] | [
"And more importantly how do I get one for myself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
Why do some sounds make people shudder/cringe? | [
"I believe that would be because of [Sensory Overload.](_URL_0_) Where when one of the body's senses gets so overwhelmed by stimuli, it is unable to handle what it's processing. Some people have sensory processing disorder, where this sort of feeling can be easily caused by other things, such as a crowd of people... | [
"Two reasons that spring to mind from animals: * Attract attention of others. * Attempt to scare off a predator by loud noises and exposure of teeth. Like dogs barking, cats screeching etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
If black holes are perfectly symmetrical, why do they exhibit frame dragging? | [
"> Rotating black holes exhibit frame dragging. And rotating black holes don't have spherical symmetry. Instead they are *axially* symmetric about their axis of rotation. Only a non-rotating black hole is spherically symmetric. > Is there an alternate mechanism to frame dragging in black holes than in other massiv... | [
"White holes are entirely theoretical, we've never observed one. However, the physics that give us black holes say that, in theory, white holes could exist as well. Basically, they would expel material and light in the same way black holes attract material."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is the advantage of Uber/ Lyft over traditional cabs? | [
"I'm in Eastern/Central Europe so this may be different, but: - uber is cheaper - traditional cabs worked like mobs for a very long time, they still have a lot of shady practices (overcharge, extort, etc.) - not all cab companies have mobile apps - with uber you don't have to wait around to pay, you don't have to t... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why don't hostages in execution videos put up more of a fight or struggle when they know they are going to be killed anyway? | [
"Because they actually don't know they are going to be killed. Most of the time these hostages are dragged out in front of cameras and made to read stuff or stand as a prop many, many, many times over the course of their imprisonment. Not only are they regularly beaten and threatened but they are also told that the... | [
"What Bernie means is that he will hire/make any other people hunt him down and kill him so he will effectively always need to be looking over his shoulder to check he isn't about to be killed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What mystic wood are electric poles made of, and how is that they never need to be replaced? | [
"The wood itself isn't all that exceptional, it's that it's impregnated with creosote, which is pretty much the stuff that asphalt is made out of, minus the sand and rocks. And yes they do eventually fail, but you're right, it takes a very long time."
] | [
"it used to be made of sugar but is now made of resins. It's designed to be less likely to cause injury."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does getting a single prescription item from a pharmacy require a 10 minute wait? | [
"Just because there wasn't anyone waiting on line in front of you doesn't mean the two people working there weren't already working on something else when you walked in. They could have been filling phoned-in scripts or refills that were due for pickup soon, or no doubt lots of other tasks I don't know about, not b... | [
"It is to designate it as prescription medication, and because original packaging is not given in the prescription sizes that doctors issue. Original packaging is large containers of pills. You may need 10 you may need 100 to fill a prescription."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How are undersea internet cables repaired? | [
"There are many reasons that under sea fiber-optic cables can get damaged - under sea earthquakes, damage by ship's anchors & fishing trawlers, chewing of cables by sharks, etc. The cables can be as deep as 8000 meters and laying these cables is a very expensive affair. When damaged, the operator needs to first asc... | [
"The vast majority of international calls travel through fiber optic cables running from one continent to another at the bottom of the ocean."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are graphics still improving on consoles that dated hardware compared to gaming PCs? | [
"Its pretty simple really. Think about legos. When you first start playing with them you can build some stuff, a car, maybe a house. After three years of using legos youve gotten pretty good. You can build the big sets no problem, your still following patterns and diagrams but your improving alot. After six years o... | [
"Games are able to be heavily optimized for consoles since the hardware that will be used is predictable. Allowing upgrades like this would mean that people would have all different varieties of hardware in their consoles, so the games could not be specifically optimized for hardware. This would basically defeat th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are Phone companies improving screen resolution/size/aesthetics when currently the big problems with phones are battery life/low volume limits/poor reception/sturdiness? | [
"Increasing battery life, volume limits, reception & sturdiness only appeal to users that treat their device as appliances. They buy new phones when their current product is obsoleted, more than a year after their last purchase. The fashion user meanwhile will flock to the shop for the thinnest or newest phone just... | [
"The material used to make Flash drives is a lower grade than the flash memory used in tablets & phones, this is also why SSD drives are way more expensive than flash drives/SD cards as well. If cheap flash memory was used, the phone would be slow to load just about everything and more prone to failure. That being ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Technology:"
} |
If we're so close to having self driving cars, where are all the (presumably simpler) self driving trains and trams? | [
"I can't speak for other cities, but in London, the Docklands Light Railway has been running without drivers for a couple of decades. And Transport for London, the government organisation responsible for London's urban transport, has just announced a contract to buy a couple of hundred new underground trains which ... | [
"Well, you got adaptive cruise control, active lane guidance, lane changing, and some other neat features. It isn't on the same level as self-driving cars like what Google is testing, but it's close."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
In the US, why do nurses get paid CONSIDERABLY MORE than paramedics? | [
"(As someone who is a paramedic, knows more than a few people that did the jump up to RN) Nurses have a lot more A & P and clinical knowledge than paramedics. Also relevant is the relative youth of EMS as a field. There are still people working who were around for when EMT and paramedic training became a standardiz... | [
"You're not paid what you're worth. You're paid the minimum necessary to get someone with your qualifications to do the job. So long as they can get EMT's for the current salaries, the salaries won't go up. Same thing with firemen. If no one was willing to go into a burning building for less than $150,000/year, tha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do American pharmacies use those orange containers? | [
"It is to designate it as prescription medication, and because original packaging is not given in the prescription sizes that doctors issue. Original packaging is large containers of pills. You may need 10 you may need 100 to fill a prescription."
] | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is there a such thing as 'catching up' on sleep? | [
"There is such a thing as \"sleep debt\" (or sleep deficit). This is the cumulative effect of losing sleep as the body becomes more fatigued mentally and physically. To \"catch up\" on sleep, then, means to rest until the body is no longer experiencing fatigue as a result of the previous sleeplessness. This could r... | [
"How would you define \"winning\" a presidential debate?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between a male and female condom? | [
"Same difference there is between males and females, in general: one is an innie and one is an outie."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that in the morning I want nothing more than to stay in bed, but at nigut going to sleep is the last thing i want to do? (So I'm on Reddit- 4:46am) | [
"Didn't even bother clicking on the link in the first reply but these menial questions keep popping up and annoying me so I'm going to be ignorant and assume one or any of the following: - you don't exercise regularly - you don't eat healthily - you don't read books, especially around a reasonable bedtime - you are... | [
"Probably because once was not enough to remove whatever it was that was making you sneeze, from whatever place/thing inside your nose that makes you sneeze. Or something. It's 2:30am, and I'm not sure why I'm not in bead yet. Wait, the answer is reddit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Sleep and boredom:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Sleep and boredom:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
ELI15 Apple's "recognize a phone number in text" patent | [
"To get a patent, you only have to convince a patent officer, not a judge. To have your patent survive a lawsuit, you might have to convince a judge, but if you have a lot more money than your opponent, they will probably settle out-of-court to avoid going bankrupt funding their own legal team."
] | [
"It's a reference to the film \"The Net\": _URL_0_ Moving your mouse on top of it just gives some information about the page, useful mostly for the website's developers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why are funeral processions allowed to block traffic and display flashing lights? | [
"Laws vary from state to state. In most states them putting lights on their own cars is illegal, but it may be different depending on where you live. In many states you can hire a police car to specifically drive with and block traffic for the procession."
] | [
"Most first-responders want to be the least amount of disturbing possible. In cities usually they only put sirens on when approaching an intersection so people that can't see the lights are aware of them coming. When lights are enough, why bother destroying everybody's eardrums?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is it so hard for some nations to develop a nuclear weapon when the US had one 70 years ago, the methods of which are now well known? | [
"The specific details aren't actually all that well known, and it's still extremely expensive to enrich uranium (or even better, to make plutonium) to the point where you have enough for a decent bomb. When the USA did this originally, it required building two entire towns worth of industry and a fairly significant... | [
"North Korea has long exchanged technical information with Russia, China, and probably Pakistan and Iran. This is through both official, unofficial, and nefarious ways. Most importantly however outside of knowledge is getting parts and items needed to manufacture missiles, which is very very difficult to do. Knowin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does splashing cold water on our faces help us wake up? | [
"Some will tell you this is due to the Mammalian Diving Reflex. When water below 20°C contacts your face, the body reacts by changing heart rate and redistributing blood flow to allow you to remain underwater for longer. However, for such a short period of time, it's more likely that the cold water simply provides ... | [
"The cold water is hydrating, and it helps cool you down, both things needed when you are working. But afterwards the hot water feels nice because it loosens tense muscles and cleans your skin, helping you get that \"fresh out of the shower\" feeling where you can sit down and just relax."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If I'm wearing gloves and I touch something hot why does still burn me but not go through the glove? | [
"it does, essentially what's happening is the molecules in the hot thing are bumping into the molecules of the glove, making them more jiggly so they in turn bump into the molecules of your finger, the point where it hurts your hand is far lower than the point of ignition for the glove."
] | [
"If it's hot enough to burn other parts of the body, it'll burn your mouth, too. In fact it'll probably burn your mouth easier than other parts of the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do athletes that require huge amounts of calories fit all that food in their stomach? | [
"First, they eat extremely calorie dense foods. Second, they spread their meals out across the span of the day, often having three big meals plus several snacks."
] | [
"Weight gain is dependent on calories in and calories burned. It doesn't matter where you're getting those calories from, if you burn them all through activity and lifestyle, then you're not going to put on weight. Olympic Swimmer Michael Phelps ate somewhere around 2000 Calories for breakfast (remember watching a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why can a piano go years without being tuned, but you need to tune a guitar every time you use it? | [
"Piano strings are strung on a cast iron frame. Guitar strings are strung on a piece of wood (usually with some partial steel reinforcement in the neck). Environmental variations (temperature and humidity) will cause much greater variation in the wood in the guitar than the cast iron of the piano. In addition, guit... | [
"Uhm. The very first thing I do with my drums is tune them. Every professional percussionist tunes their drums. They do not sound good, if they aren't tuned."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the flushing mechanism different in a household toilet compared to public restrooms with multiple toilets? | [
"Public restrooms get more use, and more frequent use. It is not uncommon for it to be occupied almost immediately after a user leaves the stall. As such it is more efficient for them to have a tie directly to the water main rather than to fill a tank. Also it means there is less for someone to tamper with, which w... | [
"You can buy and install a urinal for your home. I know people who have done this, and I've considered doing this too. Most people don't do this because you'll still need a toilet to poop. In most homes where space is at a premium, it's much more efficient to install a toilet that can handle both poop and pee. Also... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do Stand-up Comedy specials have directors? Aren't the comedians on stage completely in control of their own material? | [
"The directors are generally the ones that deal with production of the special, not so much the jokes the comedian says."
] | [
"I don't think it's just about credit, though that probably plays a big role. I think it's at least partially about differences in what is involved in stand-up vs. a song. When musicians perform a song, their voice/instrumentals is one of the key aspects of the performance, which makes the cover unique. But for com... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why don't we distill water for drinking? wouldn't it be a lot more pure than spring or filtered? | [
"Distilling water takes a lot of energy for a marginal benefit."
] | [
"Well, the moon has two very abundant things, sunshine, and cold. It would be very easy to set up a bunch of solar panels, then use the electricity from that to boil the water, then use the cold outside to condense that steam back into distilled water, which would be safe for drinking. Otherwise, it might be tech... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why the American Civil War happened. | [
"The Northern States and the Southern States had incompatible business models. The Northern states were opposed to slavery, an essential part of Southern agribusiness, but they were not willing to compensate the Southern slaveholders to get them to free their slaves. As new states were formed, a huge debate took pl... | [
"Only if the federal government let it. See: American Civil War"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
We have unmanned aerial vehicles, why aren't modern tanks unmanned? | [
"UAVs are used for asymmetric warfare, i.e., your enemy doesn't have access to nearly the same standard of weapons and technology that you do. Tanks are used against conventional armies. Any technological enemy is going to win against remote controlled vehicles by jamming their comms."
] | [
"It's where satellites are, and satellites are the backbone of modern communications and photo-reconnaissance technology. The GPS satellites, for example, allow the US military to guide vehicles and weapons to anywhere on the globe with a tiny margin of error. That's a *HUGE* advantage in a fight. Reconnaissance sa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does molten cheese stick to things so effectively? | [
"Cheese is mostly protein and fat suspended in a little bit of water. Protein molecules are like long chains that have been coiled and twisted, and then coiled even more. Fat molecules are usually like straight chains but may have some branches. When protein molecules get heated, the chain begins to uncoil and unt... | [
"It makes the proteins hard. Have you ever spilled egg on your hand and tried to wash it off with warm water? It makes it into a gel. This is the same thing that happens with anything high in protein. Like semen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does ball sweat smell different than regular sweat? | [
"The simple answer is bacteria, it's the same reason your armpits smell different than your sweaty feet do. You have many types that live all over your body, and they are the ones that produce the fragrances you smell."
] | [
"Sweat doesn’t smell but the bacteria that builds up in a warm damp place does which is why the armpit can still smell even when there’s no sweat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does the 'Bagel' button do on my toaster? | [
"It toasts the bagel only from one side. You're supposed to cut the bagel in half first and place the halves in the proper direction."
] | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do aircraft use flaps to take off? Doesn't it create drag? | [
"The fact that the larger wing surface creates more drag is precisely why aircraft use flaps. Flaps allow the wing to only be that shape at certain periods of flight. At the slower speeds of take off and landing, the lift it generates is much more beneficial than the drag it creates. At higher speeds the drag would... | [
"You've got 4 forces that are in play with an airplane and they come in pairs Drag and Thrust Weight and Lift You can get more lift out of an airplane wing by tilting it upwards but you will also significantly increase the drag which means you'll require more thrust to maintain your speed. Most planes don't have cr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why can't we block one side of a magnet to make it only attractive on one side? | [
"What you're asking for is a [monopole magnet](_URL_0_), which [until this year](_URL_1_) was strictly theoretical (now it's only kind of)."
] | [
"A magnet is attracted to itself. They are made of shards of iron that are little magnets. They are mostly aligned so that there poles line up north to south, North to south just like lining up magnets. That's why if you break a magnet in half, you just made 2 smaller (weaker) magnets."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
If in the summer the sun never sets very far up north, how does the temperature not get extremely hot? | [
"This is a little complicated so I'll try to boil it down. At higher latitudes (nearest the north and south poles) the angle that the sun's rays hit the earth is much greater than the angles nearest the equator. Because more oblique (wider) angles cover more area with the same amount of light and heat energy, the e... | [
"The local climate depends on the locale. To be serious Arizona is in the middle of the continent and has a low rainfall. Florida is a peninsula surrounded by ocean on both sides. It can rain every day in the afternoon in Florida which you would never know when looking at advertisements for Florida vacations. There... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does Adobe flash player need to update itself every single week, yet it does exactly the same thing it has always done? | [
"They're trying to trick you in downloading that damned McAfee.."
] | [
"Huh, what about it is intrusive and freightening? All you have to do is click the notification and it should install the update. Java is one of the easiest things to update. You can also set it to auto dl all updates. If your Java updater is doing *anything* else, then you probably *do* have a virus or some other ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is it a good/bad thing the US doesn't have a direct election for president? | [
"The electoral college also aims to give the smaller states a greater say than they would have if the vote was based purely on population (the Senate achieves the same thing for Congress). Arguably that's still desirable, so the concept of electoral votes should stay. Certainly the smaller states that benefit would... | [
"It's expensive and they don't have a political or economic reason to do it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
the purpose of tracer round | [
"Tracer rounds are there to let the shooter see where the bullet is going. Especially with low to medium caliber \"inert\" bullets (ball, hollowpoint, armour-piercing and such), there generally won't be any easily visible sign of the point of impact, especially at night. So, tracer rounds (which contain a compound ... | [
"The prevailing wisdom is ' should be used for feet or minutes, while the curlier ’ should be used as a quote or apostrophe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What would China, Japan, or wherever do if they wanted to collect U.S. debt? | [
"They would buy the government bonds and then wait for their money. That's how it works. You can't just go, \"Give me my money!\" just like how a bank can't give you a loan and then a week later decide it wants all $200k back."
] | [
"Follow up, if this warrant a new post please tell me: How did politicians and the general public react when they found out these companies were aiding Nazi forces in WW2?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why must emergency contraceptive pills be taken within 72 hours of sex? | [
"Apart from stopping ovulation, it also inhibits implantation or can stop it all together by changing the way the eggs and sperm can travel. 72 hours is doctors being careful because with medicine the rule is better safe than sorry. The entire Plan B pill is just a large dose of the active chemical in standard birt... | [
"Long term hormonal birth control use has several rare, but significant side effects that require you to be educated and check up with a doctor from time to time. For example, smoking and long term birth control use at the same time increase risk for blood clots in the lungs. Plan B, or emergency contraception, is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is it more common than not to have gaps at the bottom of toilet cubicles? | [
"It is easier to clean, increases air flow, is less expensive to construct, and if a toilet overflows or breaks it allows a single drain to protect all the stalls. Edit: and my top rated post of all time is about the logistics of toilet stalls. Edit: few other reasons people have pointed out: Ability to access if... | [
"Follow up question, why do I have like three times as many hairs around my left nipple than my right one?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If one were to fall into an active volcano, how long would it take to die and in what order would things happen? | [
"Question | Answer ---|--- Would you feel pain if you fell into magma? | Yes. The pain would be that of being burnt alive. Would you drown? | No. Magma and lava are 2-3 times as thick as water, so the body would float. How would you die? | It depends. You would probably start to burn before you made contact with th... | [
"Though there's no pressure, you will not explode, as your tissues are still holding together. But you will bloat. Though it's extremely cold, you will not freeze instantly, as there's no cold air taking your heat away. You only slowly radiate heat. If it doesn't last for long (a few seconds to a minute), you could... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
Why and how does alcohol affect a man's ability to reach orgasm and/or maintain an erection. | [
"There are a few things alcohol does that all can add up to sexual performance issues. 1. Alcohol is a vasodilators. That means it causes your blood vessels to expand reducing blood pressure. Low blood pressure means your erection can be harder to maintain. 2. Alcohol is a depressant. That means it reduces neural a... | [
"Because if sex is not pleasant for them, the men are much less likely to ejaculate into their vaginas."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the body shed non-external cells? (not on the skin, or in the digestive tract?) | [
"The 7 year thing isn't true. Stomach lining cells last a few days, cardiac muscle cells and long neurons may last your entire life. For interior cells, they're (hopefully) not really dying at a significant pace so the immune system's background clean-up procedure is good enough. Red blood cells turnover pretty qui... | [
"> How do our bodies separate solids from liquids during digestion? Everything is absorbed through the intestines into the bloodstream. The kidneys then filter liquids and wastes out of the blood and produce urine. There is no direct connection between the digestive system and the kidneys/bladder so there is no way... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are indigenous people in the United States called American Indians while in Canada the term is First Nations? | [
"Indians is clearly a mistake originating from the Europeans who first arrived thinking they had found an ocean route to India. First Nation or aboriginal people seems to be more accurate since \"Indians\" never were from India."
] | [
"It's not the same thing. England is a country. The United Kingdom is a country made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Britain and Great Britain is the island on which England, Scotland and Wales is on. You've basically asked the equivalent of asking an American why the US has so many different n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Geography:"
} |
Why does bumping your forehead on something typically results in a bump while getting hit in the arm results in a bruise? | [
"It's because your skull is so close to your skin. The blood that comes out of your broken blood vessels has nowhere else to go, so it pools up into a \"lump\". You get a similar lump in any other place where there isn't much flesh between the skin and the bone: your shins or the backside of your forearms, for exa... | [
"A slap with an open hand covers more surface area of your skin, and makes the skin think it’s been damaged or traumatized. Conversely a punch covers LESS surface area but often affects more than just the skin, which is why you can get a persistent pain from a punch (in the muscle beneath, even!). With a slap, it r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why calculators have 789 on the top line (descending 456, 123) but phones have 123 on the top line (descending 456, 789) | [
"Well the layout on phones is because Bell Labs did a study and found that 123 on the top was the best. Calculators is a little harder to figure out, [the wiki talks about it a bit](_URL_0_), but it's probably because very old calculators had columns of numbers with the [smallest numbers on the bottom](_URL_1_)."
] | [
"computers are based on a binary system so it goes up in powers of 2. The math starts at two not sixteen but its: 2^1=2 2^2=4 2^3=8 2^4=16 2^5=32 so on and so forth right up to 1024 when we move to 1 Terrabyte."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why doesn't Mexico just legalize all drugs to end the war on drugs and stop cartels? | [
"Politicians are receiving to much money under the table to legalize them."
] | [
"They are funded by their criminal activity. With that money, they can buy a lot of expensive and military grade gear off the black market. Thanks to their money, the poor people will be more inclined to join because it can bring wealth. > For example, how could people begin to fight the cartel craziness going on ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What the hell is the difference between property and renters insurance? | [
"Example: Your apartment catches fire by no fault of your own. Property insurance covers the building and makes sure the property is rebuilt or the cost of the property paid out. Renter's insurance will either replace or cover the cost of your personal belongings destroyed in the fire."
] | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do most people talk to pets with a higher pitched voice? | [
"Habit and social convention mainly But pets (especially dogs) tend to respond more positively to higher pitched sounds than lower pitches. Most likely it has to do with the lower pitched sounds (like growls and deep barks) being more aggressive/negative then higher pitcher sounds (yelps, howls, playful barks) etc ... | [
"Babies don't speak English. Or any language for that matter. What they do have some grasp of, is the tone of your voice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When I'm submerged in water for a long time, why do my hands and feet prune-up but no other areas of skin do? | [
"It's a biological response to give our hands and feet better traction/grip in the water. Someone did an experiment with marbles and water...maybe another Redditor can find the link for you. :)"
] | [
"It's not just their face. It progresses to the rest of their head, and their legs and stomachs get grey, too. Occasionally there's a bit of grey in other areas, too. I figure if they lived long enough it might progress further."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Is anyone doing anything to keep the pyramids and Sphinx from being attacked among all the chaos in Egypt? | [
"These things aren't really in the areas where there is most of the chaos and I don't think either side is particularly interested in destroying several thousand year old structures. There might be some sort of security around these monuments, but I doubt it's necessary regardless."
] | [
"First of all, there is more to this story than is currently known. The timing is interesting on this series of events. Secondly, Lybia and Egypt just recently ousted dictators and are still in varying states of turmoil (the dust has not settled yet). The world will probably not turn their backs on them because of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how does the phrase "good on you" make any grammatical or logical sense? | [
"You are a good person and I wish **good** things to happen up**on** **you**."
] | [
"Well because we don't say things the same way in differet languages. Even the different kinds of English are spoken differently. For example, I'm American. I might say something like. \"I have a hard time finding time to go gym each day.\" Well that sentence transliterated (that is translated word for word) into a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Language and Translation:"
} |
Why do car manufacturers release new cars with next year's year? I.e., "The new 2016 Sorento" | [
"It sounds better. Many of the 2016 models won't be sold until 2016 so they would sound older if they were called 2015 models. Same reason that \"$1.99\" sounds better than \"$2\""
] | [
"Marketing. Would you buy a 2010 Toyota when you could have the 2011 Ford?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How were languages translated between each other, and how could an early interpreter know multiple languages without proper translation existing during that time period? | [
"The same way a child learns to speak the language of their parents - through actions/miming and generally interacting with that culture. This can take a long period of time."
] | [
"Each country has its own name in its own language. The phonemes (the sounds which make up a language) of every language are unique to that language, so to speak the true name of a country would require someone to learn part of the phonemes of their native language. The result is that someone wanting to learn the n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
why does every part of our body seem to heal itself except teeth. Why isn't possible for the tooth to repair itself from say a cavity? | [
"The outer part of a tooth - the enamel - is dead and the process that manufactured that enamel in the first place required it to be submerged in living tissue to deposit the enamel into place. So unless you have some way to encase that tooth back into living tissue, and then reactivate the biological process that... | [
"it was originally on natural news, so right off the bat, no. teeth don't work that way. it'd be like hoping your tooth would \"grow back\" after getting chipped. ever see any hockey players regrow teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What about gold exactly makes it so expensive? | [
"Because of its relative scarcity, the effort involved in mining and refining it, and the physical properties of the metal itself. To illustrate how rare gold is, here is a [representation](_URL_0_) of all the gold that's ever been refined."
] | [
"Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Where does the debt go when someone or a company declares bankruptcy? | [
"Any assets of the person or company will be sold where possible. After that, whatever money there is will be split between the various people that are owed money. In most countries, there is some kind of order of priority, for example the taxman might be paid before everyone else. After that, any remaining debt is... | [
"If they cannot pay it all now their wages will be garnished from now until the point that the debt is paid. Not all debts can garnish your wages, but governmental debts and legal fines can. These types of debts cannot be discharged via bankruptcy either. Odds are they will be paying for this crime for the rest of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
how this fucking wizardry works (link in text) | [
"It's something called a [Decision Tree](_URL_0_). The ELI5 version is this: at each step, you ask a question that rules out the most options from your giant list of characters. Because of MATHS! (ELI20: specifically the fact that binary trees grow exponentially by depth), you can ask seemingly very few questions b... | [
"commenting so i can find this later. upvotes"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Ayn Rand's philosophy, and why it's wrong. | [
"> and why it's wrong There are two problems with this post. One, you're asking a leading question here. Biased questions lead to biased answers. Although I see you have made up your mind already, due to your \"gut feeling\" and you're looking for support, a better approach would be \"ELI5 Objectivism\" and weigh b... | [
"As a place to start - You should familiarize yourself with Andrew Ryan's namesake... Ayn Rand. Andrew Ryan is pretty much Ayn Rand's philosophy's given flesh... and then everything goes horribly wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is Yemen so poor unlike its neighbors? | [
"yemen's neighbors have a lot of oil, which makes them very rich. yemen doesn't really have much oil of their own, so they are much poorer. in fact, by 2017 yemen will likely be out of oil altogether."
] | [
"North Korea is on a whole 'nother level compared to Saudi Arabia and Qatar."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is there a stereotype about engineers being socially inept stem from? How true is it? | [
"Very technical fields tend to attract introverted people, and sometimes more socially inept people (not to mention those who fall on the autistic spectrum). This is prevalent, though not a golden rule) in engineering and other stem fields. Though as a chemical engineer, I blame the electrical engineers."
] | [
"Maybe they're stereotyped as being more gullible or they're seen as more likely to be bored with nothing to do but look at their phones all day. Just a guess. Not meant to be offensive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do your muscles randomly twitch sometimes and what causes it? | [
"I heard this, and I don't know how true it is. Your brain send twitches to your muscles to make sure that part is still all right. Your brain thinks body parts are dead or not working when they don't move for so long, so it sends a twitch to make sure it still moves."
] | [
"There are a lot of things you can do while sleeping to cause headaches. - Not drinking water. When you're asleep, you're (hopefully) not drinking water, but you're still using it up by breathing and generating urine. That could make dehydration worse. - Drug withdrawal. If you're a real caffeine fiend, a very lon... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can a company "take over" another one? And how is this different from a sale of a company? | [
"If a company is publicly traded, you just buy up a majority of the shares to take control of the Board of Directors and thus the company. If it's privately held it's a little more complicated because you have to negotiate with shareholders independently, but if you can convince enough investors to sell to you to g... | [
"One of the ways to organize a business is as a partnership of the owners, rather than a corporation. Partners get a % share of the companies' profits usually. Being made a partner means the character has gone from employee to part-owner of the business."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do helicopters make a 'Chop Chop Chop' sound when their rotors are spinning at a constant rate through the air? | [
"The pressure difference between the air flowing over and under the rotor blade forms a vortex at the blade tip (all wings do this). When a blade encounters the vortex from another blade, it slaps into the blade. Like a jetski hitting the wake of another jetski. The more the blade is loaded, the stronger the vortex... | [
"The main rotor of a helicopter also causes the body of the helicopter to rotate in the opposite direction. Normally, this force is countered by a rotor on the tail. However, you can accomplish the same task by having another rotor on top that is rotating in the opposite direction. At low speeds, two top rotors are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why have gas prices plummeted in the past weeks? | [
"Price is based on supply and demand. OPEC is a strong alliance of oil producing countries in the middle east. Traditionally, they moderate the amount of oil that they are willing to supply in order to maintain high, profitable prices. Recently the US has started producing Oil domestically, through shale gas. This ... | [
"Canada's economy is heavily reliant on oil. When oil prices tanked, so did the Canadian dollar."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When you are experiencing a sleepless night, how much does lying in bed (as opposed to staying busy until the morning) help your body function the next day? | [
"Neither is really advantageous for the next day, because lack of sleep is lack of sleep. My personal preference would be actually doing something though, instead of driving myself nuts just lying there. That said, in the long run lying in bed is actually worse, because then your bed gets associated with wakefulnes... | [
"Because your mind is filled with dread all day, and right before bed it realizes there is nothing to worry about because the day is over, so it relaxes, and has full capacity to function. The stress of the day probably causes you to not get all that much done (compared to what you get done if you were relaxed), a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why are actors allowed to take part in movies that they are not even allowed to watch? | [
"Movie ratings are almost completely irrelevant and hold no legal actions or anything to them. They are just made up \"suggestions\" by the film industry is all. There are some rules about child actors in the entertainment world, but these are more focused labor enforcement rules and regulations."
] | [
"Television and film make lots of money and the actors are the only people that the audience associates with the work. It is not uncommon for a tv show to return 100 dollars for every 1 invested. As such there is incredible interest in keeping the show going. Which allows actors to get extremely good salaries. Or A... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why must a person receive a driver's license prior to obtaining a motorcycler's license? | [
"Here in the uk you can get your motorcycle licence first. Thats how I did it."
] | [
"social security cards, also, depending on where you live, lots of people get state issued photo ids at 15 or 16, when they get a learners permit and drivers license."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Surveillant Camera Man, what he does, is it legal or illegal in the US? | [
"IANAL, but I believe it is legal to film or photograph anything that's in public, apart from a place where someone would have the expectation of privacy (public restroom or changing room for example). So it's not an intrusion of privacy if he's only filming on public property, as one does not expect privacy when t... | [
"Welcome to the internet. It's now open late, seven days a week worldwide. Does this person live and work in China? Kenya? Canada? Brazil? A lot more information would probably be a good idea. Just saying."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does dust build up on moving fan blades like in a PC? | [
"As the fan rotates, it creates friction with the air causing it to build up a charge. Dust particles will then want to stick to this. It works in the same way of rubbing a balloon onto your hair and having it stick."
] | [
"Basically it takes all the heat and throws it out of the room/refrigerator. This is why a refrigerator is warm on the back, as this is where the heat comes out. Same with the air conditions, The absence of heat results in cold."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How did china come to be so overpopulated? Are there older generations of people who have a shitload of siblings? | [
"yes. older generations did have a shitload of siblings. my dad has 6. my mom has 5. an agrarian based culture, the more kids you have, the more labor force there is to help with farming"
] | [
"People are having less babies. Infant mortality dropped, women have other things to do than just parent, we have birth control. We can control when we get pregnant, and we don't need large families the way we use to. Fertility rates aren't decreasing in a Handsmaid Tale way. We have a bunch of techniques for getti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are all mass murderers/serial killers considered mentally ill? | [
"In order for someone to be a serial killer *and* not mentally ill, we have to accept a universe in which killing a bunch of innocent people is logical, expected, and reasonable. I don't think you'll find very many civilized people who will say that killing a string of innocent strangers is ever a reasonable or log... | [
"Step 1: Take almost all the money away from our mental health system to ensure that crazy people are unable to get the help hey need. Step 2: Encourage free speech among groups that are overtly racist, thereby allowing them to incite people to acts of violence. Step 3: Fight so hard for our freedom to own guns uni... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How can businessmen and other officials have known connections to illegal gangs, but not be arrested? | [
"Why do you think he wasn't arrested? You think he was invited to court to be indicted and decided to go check it out? In general, you have to commit a crime to be arrested. Hanging out with criminals, as long as they're not actively crimeing (yes, crimeing), is just hanging out with people."
] | [
"Follow up, if this warrant a new post please tell me: How did politicians and the general public react when they found out these companies were aiding Nazi forces in WW2?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it so hard for convicted criminals to get jobs in a country with the highest incarceration rate in the world? | [
"Because that country (assuming you're talking about the US) also has a shortage of jobs, and it's easy to find a non-criminal to fill the position."
] | [
"They do. Have you seen the prisons in Northern Europe? They're full of lots of things for the inmates. It's thought to be one of the reasons why the recidivism rates in Northern Europe are so low, because the inmates get treated as people."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
The first stage of the Saturn V rocket has 5 engines. Why didn't they use 1 much larger engine as opposed to 5 relatively smaller engines? | [
"Simple answer a bigger engine didn't exist. The Saturn v is old its first launch was in 1967 so they worked with what they had at the time which was still a monstrous amount of thrust from a single booster. The Russians equivalent at the time of completion was the n1 and that had 30 boosters because that was all t... | [
"Launch Escape Systems typically use solid rocket motors. These are great for delivering a large amount of thrust instantly, but not for much else. Once in orbit you only need small, measured amounts of thrust for correction, using a solid rocket motor for that would be like drilling a hole in the wall with a machi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does the American box office make so much money compared to the rest of the world? | [
"World GDP - approx 75 Trillion US GDP - 16.77 trillion 16.77/75 = .22 The US represents 22% of the world economy. Simply put - the US has A LOT more money to spend than the majority of countries. On top of that, remember that the majority of movies are made in the US, by Americans, with a special eye to American a... | [
"The UK release schedule is different than that in the US, which makes worldwide release dates a little tricky. Warner Brothers, the distributor of HTTYD, is releasing Oculus in the UK today. They don't want two of their new films competing against each other. Rather than delay the US release, they'll hold off on r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Who is Robert Mueller and what is he doing? | [
"Mueller is the man in charge of the investigation into Trumps campaign ties with Russia, as well as a personal investigation into trump for any possible obstruction of justice. He is currently running a very tight ship, so we dont know what he knows outside of anything that also gets leaked to the news. Not long a... | [
"He recused himself from the investigation into Russians tampering with the 2016 election favoring Donald Trump. Meaning the investigation into Trump’s possible collusion with Russia and obstruction of Justice was being done by Sessions’ deputy, Rod Rosenstein. By Firing Jeff Sessions, Trump can more easily stop t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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