query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do we have to cook food in the oven for 20 minutes, but we can cook it in the microwave for 3 minutes? | [
"Different types of energy. Convection is limited by diffusion. Microwaves have far greater depth of penetration and spin all of the water molecules in food. The resulting kinetic energy of the spinning molecules gives off heat."
] | [
"a thin layer of water heats up very quickly. Take a wet sponge, put it in the microwave for 10 seconds, it will be extremely hot. A cup of water wouldn't be warm in 10 seconds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How Come Books don't have age restrictions? | [
"Usually more mature literature will have more complex vocabulary and thus younger audiences are less likely to read it"
] | [
"Question 1: Am I a celebrity? * Yes: Move onto question 2 * No: Who gives a shit about you? Question 2: Do I like to look terrific in photographs? * Yes: Move onto question 3 * No: Use your iPhone for nude selfies Question 3: Do I mind being raped? * Yes: Call Annie Leibovitz * No: Terry's your man!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does the American school system skip the letter 'E' in their grading system? | [
"The F stands for fail, and doesn't figure in with the lettering system the same way. Some places do use E"
] | [
"Pretty difficult task since 6th graders usually have not encountered the concept of revolution and the transition of monarchal to popular government yet. How about juxtaposing pre- and post-revolutionary Russia by listing the most important structures of both systems and the problems they faced. out of curiosity: ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Education:"
} |
Why are the Time Zone lines not straight and not equal sizes in width? | [
"The time zones are drawn with the countries and regions of the world in mind. A lot of the time they're drawn on physical barriers as well so that people who are neighbours on either side of the time zone line aren't an hour apart from each other"
] | [
"One of these ways is really easy and convenient for plotting a map and navigating. The other is really, really, really annoying. If you plotted the parallel circles on a flat map, you would get two sets of either concentric ellipses or circles depending on the projection you use, and you couldn't keep your East/We... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what happens to a girls boobs if she works out her chest a ton? Do they get bigger from added muscle? Do they get smaller somehow from the boob getting stretched over a larger area? | [
"Working out the pectoral region will lift breasts and push them forward - same as it does with guys. They won't get bigger, but may seem more prominent. Now, if you work out to the degree that you lose body fat, it *might* end up coming from the breast tissue which is, basically, fat. But that's true for any kind... | [
"It's all about density of breast tissue, and that unfortunately is mostly due to genetics. For awhile it was thought that Bras helped, but recent studies have shown that wearing one lets the breast muscles atrophy, weakening their ability to hold up. Shape matters too. Thicker towards the chest means less saggin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why hasn't Herpes been cured? | [
"because it's super hard? It's a virus. One that hides in other cells during the times between outbreaks. Finding those cells and getting them to fess up is still a puzzle."
] | [
"Can someone explain the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer's, please?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Does El Nino have anything to do with Chilean earthquake? | [
"No. El Niño is purely a phenomena of water temperatures and weather. Chile then again is naturally prone to earthquakes due to its location [on the Ring of Fire](_URL_0_)."
] | [
"We have, by some estimates, already reached the point of no return. With the CO2 levels in the air reaching levels not seen in millions of year, it is unsafe for humans. The oceans were 80 feet higher than they are now the last time the CO2 levels were this high and weather much more extreme. We are already starti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How did a bill as dangerous as the NDAA get passed with overwhelming support? Are we, as a public, missing something? | [
"It's must-pass legislation, otherwise our soldiers would not have food/gasoline/supplies to keep going. There is one provision that everyone is upset with, and rightfully so. They tried to pass the NDAA then amend out the detainment provision."
] | [
"It only takes a single Congressperson to introduce a bill. There's no reason to believe that CISPA is going to go anywhere, but there's no way to stop one of the 425 members of the House of Representatives from introducing it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Government and politics:"
} |
Why do we not have dinosaur sized animals today? | [
"We do. There were plenty of chicken sized dinosaurs. The big ones are easier to find and cooler to study, but an elephant is larger than most dinosaurs were."
] | [
"We're running out of sharks, we're in no danger of running out of ducks or geese."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Is a man-made afterlife possible? | [
"For me, the biggest dilemma here is the idea of persistence. How do you ensure your consciousness is the same one that ends up on the computer? If there were two identical brains in different places you wouldn't be both of them, because there is no continuity between them. Similarly, you would have to maintain con... | [
"Indeed, how does a perfectly normal human being become a pathology?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are bigger things often depicted as moving slower? | [
"Let us imagine someone who is 6 feet tall and someone who is 6000 feet tall, both moving at the same speed. Our 6 foot man has a stride length of 2.5 feet every half second for a leisurely pace of about 3.4 mph. Each foot reaches a max speed of 6.8 mph. Now our 6000 foot man has a stride of 2500 feet for a pace of... | [
"Like you're 5; You have two balloons: One is filled to be bigger but is filled with air. One is smaller but filled with water instead. Which one is going to have more impact when thrown? Some people work out to make their muscles bigger, some work out to make them more dense."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
when is a pilot not qualified to fly a delta plane? | [
"After so many hours on the clock, pilots \"expire\" and are forced to rest. This usually only happens when flow programs are in effect for airports and pilots/passengers are experiencing delays due to weather, ramp space, volume, etc. So, it was probably a crew rest issue combined with a flow control issue."
] | [
"I've been taught that the real actual reason is the period of time during takeoff and landing while the plane is below 10,000ft is the time when an accident is most likely to take place. Basically, they want you paying attention to what is happening rather than dicking around on your phone. Source: Studied aviatio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
Why does being tickled make us laugh? | [
"I remember reading that one purpose of parents ticking their children is it teaches them defensive reflexes if they are attacked at different parts of their body (or something along those lines). Like puppies or kittens playing, it teaches them valuable life skills to survive. It makes you laugh / is fun because ... | [
"Well Billy, you know how you laugh when you're tickled? It's kind of like that. You can't make yourself *not* laugh while being tickled. It's an automatic response. The same thing happens when you scratch Buddy's belly. He kicks instead of laughing because, well, have you ever heard a dog laugh?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Getting Into the Stock Trade | [
"Start with an account at vanguard/fidelity (or something similar) and buy low fee index funds. If you don't already have one make your first account an IRA/Roth IRA (there are some nice tax advantages). Most of the time they'll waive the minimum balance requirements if you agree to make regular savings contributio... | [
"The Art of War in the Western World - Archer Jones"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Finance:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Finance:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Education:"
} |
Why does our singing sound better when listening to music? | [
"I'm assuming because the music hides \"defects\" of our voice - we just don't hear them anymore. (It doesn't mean that others don't hear it though)"
] | [
"Your voice resonates in your head at a different frequency than it does out loud. What you hear in the recording is what your voice sounds like to everyone else."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Language and Communication:"
} |
Why do most porn films completely skip a good foreplay & story build-up...and jump directly into the same old, boring, unsexy and beyond-overdone slam-bang routine? | [
"I don't have an answer, I just want to comment to say that I appreciate the tag on this question."
] | [
"\"Exactly\" is impossible to hit, but generally female friendly porn shows the sex as positive, the girl is doing things that girls actually enjoy (not getting choked and cum in her eye, better positions), the camera shows more of the guy, there's a bit more of a relationship displayed (the girl isn't just the cum... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is John Smith such a common name in the United States to the point that it's generic? What are some names like this in other countries? | [
"Smith was a common surname because surnames used to be based on locations or occupations and there were a lot of smiths of all sorts (blacksmiths, silversmiths, gunsmiths, etc.) who had family smithing businesses that remained for a while. John is a common first name because he is one of the disciples in the bibl... | [
"Some Western names are English translations of names in other languages, and some Western names just sound like names in other languages. Also, there are Christians all over the world so there might actually be Vietnamese people named Anthony or Vincent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why a silicone based life form would be so significant? | [
"Silicon. Not silicone. Silicon is a metalloid element; silicone is what they make breast implants out of. So-called \"silicon-based life\" is a popular science fiction trope because silicon has similar chemical properties to carbon, which is what all known Earth life is based on. In reality, you can't just replace... | [
"Because through the various traits of evolution (which doesn't really have a why, it just is) a substance which happens to be white turned out to be the best one for chewing food."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are so many invasive species in the US from China? | [
"From my understanding, it has a lot to do with trade and shipping traffic. Water from ballast is good at spreading species, but also things like wood products, which is how things like the Hemlock Wooly Adelgid, Asian Longhorn Beetle, and other things got here. Also, Asian Tiger Mosquito got here thru the transpor... | [
"If you think treatment of animals is bad in China, you have to seriously look at the treatment of people in The Republic Of China."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do animals not get frost bite. | [
"Horses can and do get frost bite on their ears."
] | [
"The only reason reptiles like snakes are brightly colored is to alert predators that they are poisonous. Birds are brightly colored to attract mates. Fish are brightly colored to attract mates and alert predators they are poisonous. Amphibians like frogs are brightly colored to alert predators they are poisonous. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does terrific mean something good, while terrible, horrible and horrific means something bad? | [
"Terrific used to mean about the same as terrible: something that causes terror. In the 1800's it started meaning good things. The process by which a negative word takes on positive meanings is \"amelioration\". *Why* it happens is unclear, like a lot of language evolution. But there are more modern examples of \"b... | [
"You're right in suggesting they have the same root, in 'awe', however 'awe' had a slightly different meaning in the past. 'Awe' used to mean a sort of reverential fear, like the feeling when you stand at the top of a very steep cliff and look over the edge. Think about fear in the sense of 'god-fearing', as in res... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
the difference between Tex-Mex and Mexican food. | [
"Your friends sound awful. Tex-Mex is the type of food that came about as regional takes on Mexican cuisine at and around the Texas/Mexican border. [Here's a list of legitimate Mexican dishes](_URL_0_). The difference between Tex Mex and \"real\" Mexican food might be the difference between Kentucky barbecue and... | [
"What kind of restaurant offers this out of curiosity?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
When we count seconds without looking at a clock, how does our brain estimates how long a second takes? | [
"Hijacking this for a follow up question: How can we keep a steady rhythm when we have no idea how long each beat is (and even if we did, I don't think I can accuratly measure small periods of time like OP asks)?"
] | [
"It's your perception of what a unit of time is, that is changing. When you are 1, a month is a twelfth of your entire life. When you are 40, a month is just a 500th of your life. Time, or your share of it at least, is diminishing, in relation to how long you've been around for at least. That's about as science... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people use ELI5 versus a simple Google Search? | [
"They ask because they can, and it gives them more social fulfillment than simply googling. In addition, there can be humor involved. Some of them are also just trolls."
] | [
"It would help if instead of something like: The Five-Year-Old's Guide to the Galaxy, A collection of the greatest explanations from this subreddit. Comment to suggest additions. read **The search bar is your friend. ↑↑↑ LOOK, IT'S RIGHT UP THERE! ↑↑↑** **Things you don't have to ask, they've already been answered... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's happening when youtube is processing a video that has been uploaded? | [
"Youtube has to first decode the video you uploaded, then re-encode the file to every format it supports for every resolution it supports (I would guess around 30 combinations, but not sure), and also \"fingerprint\" the video to look for copyrighted content. It has to extract the sound from the video and re-encode... | [
"You mean when you start a new video? It's becomes HD every time I enter full screen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
When did pride become a virtue, and why exactly is it grouped with the seven deadly sins? | [
"Like ambition, pride can be both a virtue and a vice. Too little pride may make you into a lazy bum who never washes. Too much pride may make you into selfish prick. Moderation is better."
] | [
"Pope Francis has spoken out against the greed culture of capitalism. Since Francis regards himself as one of the poor (he lives a very humble life, without luxury), he has been much more outspoken than the last few popes about the greed culture of living and worshiping money. He is always reminding us that there ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do cats instinctively know to crap in the box? | [
"I don't think it's the box, but more like the instinct to go in something that they can bury it in. My cats live outside and we used to have a litter box until I realized they were just going in the dirt and sand around various spots in the backyard."
] | [
"Yeah. A litter box. Cats can do everything they need to do inside. Since cats are smaller and can jump and climb, it is more easy for them to meet exercise requirements indoors as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is Math Linguistics? | [
"Quite simply, it's a way of trying to understand a language by analyzing it statistically. It's especially relevant to artificial intelligence, especially things like automated translations. Computers don't understand language; in fact, the only thing they can really do is crunch numbers. So to translate from one ... | [
"A Visual, Intuitive Guide to Imaginary Numbers: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does water not have any color? | [
"[Actually, water does have an intrinsic color.](_URL_0_) > While relatively small quantities of water appear to be colorless, water's tint becomes a deeper blue as the thickness of the observed sample increases. The blue hue of water is an intrinsic property and is caused by the selective absorption and scatterin... | [
"Water molecules are terrible at figuring our what state they are supposed to be in. They need some external influence to show them what to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are the reasons as to why the oil price never return to $1 range since 9/11? | [
"The specifics about why gas prices go up can be better explained by others, but this chart shows gas prices adjusted for inflation: _URL_0_ It seems like the climb started closer to 1999 than 2001, but asking why it hasn't gone back done since then is a great question."
] | [
"Oil prices are a bit higher than 6 months ago. It was $50 a barrel now its about $62 i think. So slightly higher."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Economics:"
} |
How does a TV remote work, or any remote for that matter? | [
"Most TV remotes are IR (Infrared). What that means is that at the top of the remote there is a little lightbulb of sorts behind a red cover. That lightbulb isn't intended to emit light in the spectrum we can see but rather the infrared specturum whose wavelength is slightly longer then the longest visible light wa... | [
"Umm...kinda? Internet of things is the idea of connecting small devices to the internet that normally wouldn't have an internet connection. For example, smart light bulbs are an IoT device. All of these things require some programming which is in the domain of Computer Science. What are you trying to figure out, e... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is climate change a political issue, even though it is more suited to climatology? | [
"Because the implications of accepting climate change means more government regulation of the oil industry and other polluters. Being forced to pay for pollution means less profit for business. Republicans don't like government regulations (unless the regulations are about sex, drugs or other private stuff, but tha... | [
"There isn't just one reason. For some people it's religious, their beliefs simply do not allow for anything other than an unchanging, purpose made Earth. For other it's ignorance, having no familiarity with the evidence for historical climate change. For others it's confusion, conflating terminology, mostly confla... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why didn't the British just give the colonies a few seats in Parliament instead of going to war? | [
"At first, they didn't want to relinquish any power or give legitimacy to colonial holdings. By the time that the Revolutionary War really got into full swing, the Americans wouldn't have accepted the terms. While it's often alleged that if the British had the foresight they could have avoided the Revolution by ju... | [
"I'm not certain if this will meet your requirements, but how about the War of 1812? The US was obviously a democracy, while the UK was governed by Parliament. The reason I'm not certain if this will count is I'm unsure of the relative strength of the King, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons/ Still, might... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How did they decide who stepped out of the Apollo lunar module first? | [
"Buzz Aldrin answered it in his [AMA](_URL_0_) a few months ago."
] | [
"Good question... They had different goals/objectives on each mission. Everyone in that program got \"a piece of the pie\" and had to study the shit out of it/make it happen. Also, just sort of FYI, the crews did rotate (some people flew mutliple times). For example, Mike Collins could've walked on the moon but ch... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why 95% of the YouTube videos I link to from reddit have 301 views. Not close to 301, literally exactly 301 views. Everytime. I am on alienblue; not sure if that makes a difference or not. | [
"It has to do with how youtube keeps track of views. Youtube is surprisingly serious when it comes to how views are counted, and haven't even released the qualifications for what a view actually is. So basically, the first 301 views don't really matter. Once the counter passes this, each view is reviewed to make su... | [
"Reddit has 114.5 million unique visitors every month. How they get that number, i'm not sure. Do I count 3 times, once for my phone, once for my work computer, and once for home? I don't know, but source: _URL_0_ Even if half that number is real people, that's a ton of people. Not all of them see every post. Many ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do you not suffocate on an airplane during a long flight? | [
"It isn't sealed air tight, far from it. Air is constantly pumped into the cabin through the climate control system. The jet engines take some of the air that passes through their compressors (bleed air) and sent it to the plane's HVAC system for the passengers."
] | [
"And why don't I need it when I fall asleep on the couch?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:"
} |
If I'm starving, would it benefit me to not go to the toilet? | [
"As you said, it has moved beyond the point where any nutrients would be picked up. The last place before your a-hole is the thick intestine (?? Google translate says it's that) that only picks up liquid, making your poop firm. The not so thick intestine (fuck this language) has an enormous area of bulges, on which... | [
"To anyone here trying to reply, I think the gist of the question is, why can I lounge around the weekend without eating, but when I have an exam on Monday, I feel like I'm starving at 11 am?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health:"
} |
If an electric car can gain range via regenerative braking and the like, why can't I power my car forever through the spinning wheels? | [
"Perpetual motion machines are impossible. Even if you could make motors and regenerative braking systems that were 100% efficient (you can't), there's loss in friction, rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, etc., etc. TANSTAAFL"
] | [
"Because you are using gas to power your car and power the motor on the air conditioner instead of just using gas to power your car."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the fundamental theorem of calculus a theorem in the first place? | [
"It seems you're misunderstanding the definition of the definite integral. The integral of a given function f(x) does not mention an antiderivative F(x), and indeed it may be that no antiderivative exists. The integral of f(x) over an interval is the limit of any Riemann sum when all such limits agree. If f(x) happ... | [
"This is *highly* important to many areas. The concept of different magnitudes of infinities is used in several core mathematical theorems. The most common example would be in L'Hopital's rule, which basically tells you how to find an answer for infinity divided by infinity and is used in areas ranging from quantum... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Mathematics:"
} |
Why can game modders make the visuals look almost real, called photorealistic, while big budget game developers cant. | [
"This is an extremely common question Short Answer - Standing on the shoulders of giants is easy Slightly Longer Answer - Game designers built a game that would play on a wide range of machines. Modders took that basic game and enhanced it so that it can only run on top end machines. It's not that the game designe... | [
"> do the devs just constantly rework or update the graphics of their game? No, they develop with the idea of what kind of graphics that will be possible in that time. When it comes to 3D models; they are made at the \"highest\" quality and then reworked to \"lower\" quality a game can support. You can do this your... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about videogame development:"
} |
Why is the performance of a graphics card tied so heavily to the drivers, to the point that a bad driver can cause a sudden drop in performance? | [
"Yo don't write code to be executed on the graphics card directly. Yo write code in a API like DirectX or OpenGL that the driver converts or thing that are executed on the graphics card. So the performance depends on good the driver is. The reason for not writing directly to the graphics card is that then you would... | [
"You might do better to post in _URL_0_, but I believe it's a processor with one core dedicated to graphics processing. The difference between those is more significant that he realizes, if he goes with the APU option, he could go without a graphics card which would save him quite a bit. To put it in more simple t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come USDA says you can't eat pizza after it has been sitting for 2 hours at room temp, but you never hear of any problems from people who eat it the next day, and most are doing this often and have been for years? | [
"Most of the meats on a pizza are *cured* meats that are heavily salted or smoked. This reduces the rate of spoilage. In addition, unlike some meats, they come very well cooked. That doesn't mean you are definitely safe, but it's better than (for example) a burger left out all night."
] | [
"usually, that is a freshness date and not a you will die if you eat it after date. If properly stored and packaged, most food doesn't have germ risks before you open it. But something like a cookie could lose its taste or firmness or whatnot. Once you open something all bets are off. You have to be really caref... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Food Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Food Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come when we see someone that does something that causes themselves to get hurt, we sometimes cringe and feel phantom pain? | [
"In short - mirror neurones!! It has to do with our ingrained sympathy towards one and other. Some diagnose psychopaths do not have these! It’s very interesting! Stuff you should know podcast did an awesome episode that a five year old could definitely understand and follow! Check it out!"
] | [
"If you hurt somebody else, then you will feel bad because you feel their pain. If your bunny gets its leg hurt, you feel bad because you feel its pain. Somebody who is a sociopath doesn't feel others pain and so can sometimes do things that are very, very horrible with feeling bad about it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What compels humans to want torture or pain fetishes or things like collars? | [
"Some people are mentally unable to be sexually aroused or achieve orgasm, usually — when they are humiliated, or feel pain, or {arbitrary sexual fetish here}, it changes their neurochemistry so that they can experience sexual arousal and/or achieve orgasm. For some people it's the adrenaline thrill of the forbidd... | [
"People will go through a lot for sexual gratification. It just depends on what they’re into; for some, this is being dominated. Some of those people’s fetish then manifests itself as the desire to give money. And the dominator, the majority of the time, is simply there to take the money; they couldn’t care less ab... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
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Why are spaceships ring-shaped in some sci-fi movies/shows? | [
"spinning a ring and sticking people to the inside is a very cheap way to make artificial gravity. We actually don't know how to make artificial gravity any other way right now. So they are being a little more accurate."
] | [
"Hard sci-fi refers to stories with plausible technology. Soft sci-fi refers to stories with 'magical' technology. Warp travel, lightsabers, replicators, force fields, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
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how does such a small chip on a mobile device have such processing power and yet do not overheat? | [
"Intentionally lowered clock speed and passive heat sink dissipation. The processing units are also designed to be low power and incredibly energy efficient, which contributes to lower waste heat, and lower amounts of heat needing to be removed."
] | [
"Consoles are just cheap computers without nearly enough cooling. Just cheaper parts and inferior design so the shelf life won't be as long if you constantly use it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
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If the Big Bang caused all matter to explode outward (and away from a center), then how did we end up with celestial bodies that crash into each other and move in all sorts of directions other than just "out and away"? | [
"The Big Bang was not an explosion away from a center. It was not an explosion at all. It was the expansion of space itself. [This page](_URL_0_) explains it very well so I won't reinvent the wheel."
] | [
"No. One of the central principles of cosmology is that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic. Homogenous means an equal distribution of matter across the universe and isotropic means it's identical in all directions no matter how far you go. Gravity pulls objects into predictable formations (planet surrounded ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about science:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about science:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Physics:"
} |
Why we can't regenerate our limbs when ripped out as lizards do? | [
"When humans were in the uterus, there were embryonic stem cells that divides into different cells and eventually built every parts of a human. When we're born, all the embryonic stem cells turned into adult stem cells, which can only generate a small amount of tissues. Animals that can regenerate limbs still have ... | [
"Because they risk the chance of the gorilla getting upset and/or ripping the kid to shreds before the tranquilizer completely sets in."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some actors have their name in the credits as "Some Actor as Dr Wilson" and some don't? | [
"It's called \"last billing.\" The order that the actors are listed in the credits is listed as billing. Generally, the bigger a name you are, the closer to the front you'll be listed. That's called \"Top Billing\" and it's the best place to be -- listed very first. But sometimes you'll have two actors of similar s... | [
"> Chloë Grace Moretz ... Cammie (as Chloe Grace Moretz) First entry = her name as listed on IMDB. Second entry = her role Third entry = how she was credited in the movie. Notice how the first entry and third entry are different - the first has ë, not e. Sometimes the change is more drastic, depending on how that... | eli5_question_answer | {
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it seems like even evolutionarily advantageous traits (e.g. bipedalism) come with trade-offs (e.g. back problems). what are the costs of consciousness? | [
"Big and complex brain, which consumes quite a lot of energy, and also requires physical adaption (earlier birth due to the large head)."
] | [
"Everything is \"just from evolution\". So... yes and yes? Arched feet are easier to support a body that stands upright (like humans do). It also gives space for muscle which can soften the blow of walking and can be more springy, which wastes less effort when walking. I'm not sure it's right to say these are \"rea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
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Why are eyes so prone to infection, as compared to other parts of our bodies? | [
"Well the eyes are an \"immunologically privileged\" region of the body. Basically your immune system can't get into your eyes and poke around. However I don't think the eyes are any more susceptible to disease than any other region of the body. Do you have any sources on that?"
] | [
"You have a higher concentration of nerves in your hand than you have in most other places on your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
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Since there's so much pushback on accepting refugees directly into first-world countries, why aren't these countries setting up refugee camps instead? | [
"Because they're interested in scoring political points moreso than actually solving the problem. Right now, there's a huge backlash due to the Paris attacks, so going \"boo immigration\" is a cheap way to score points for conservatives and going \"boo conservatives for being boo immigration\" is a cheap way to sco... | [
"Well it is only the rich countries in the Middle East refusing refugees. countries like Lebanon, and Jordan have accepted tons of refugees. It's mostly that the rich people don't want them, you have a nice country million dollar resorts and mansions, do you want to be flooded with poor impoverished Syrians? It's v... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why isn't Craig Ferguson taking over the Late Show instead of Colbert? | [
"Who knows. It was really up to Letterman to decide; his company produces the show. Presumably Letterman thought Colbert could drive more ratings at 11pm than Ferguson could."
] | [
"He is considered to be one of the funniest comedians in America and he hasn't done nearly anything on TV since his show was cancelled 10 years ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
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why some people have dry ear wax while others have very wet ear wax. | [
"Ooh! I learned that a few days ago! Genetics! Recessive and dominant genes. The texture of your ear wax is determined by one single gene and is therefore the best illustration of how dominant/recessive genes work. Wet ear wax is a dominant trait, dry ear wax is recessive. According to [this](_URL_0_) article, dry... | [
"Ear wax is a yellow waxy substance, it's in human, and many other mammals. It's there to protect the skin, clean inside the ear, and to lubricate inside the ear. It also protects from bacteria, fungi, insect, and water. From what I've read, washing the outside of your ear and putting drops of baby oil, mineral oil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
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"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What exactly is defragmenting my computer? How does it help my computer's performance? | [
"On a conventional hard disk, the computer has to index and \"point\" to where data is stored and by default data is written to the first available sector in the drive. The problem comes when you start deleting, moving etc files because this leaves gaps in the disk sector. Following the earlier rule that computers ... | [
"Imagine you go to a big bookstore and you ask the employee where a certain book is. He checks his register and finds that for you. Now imagine you do that and each time there is an extra person or task the employee has to fulfil. That is similar to your RAM and CPU usage. Make sure you have enough RAM for your nee... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
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Why does English have different names for other country's cities? | [
"Every language has different names for other country's cities. They are translated in the same way as you translate \"dog\" or \"cat\". Only the less known ones are kept in their original form. [Behold!](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Depends on the area, really. Many areas use the same scale for both males and females. Europe, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How are cameras able to follow who has the football in the NFL without fail, as well as when it flies through the air? | [
"They have a lot of cameras all around and [above the field](_URL_0_), run by professionals trained to see where the ball is. The bird's eye perspective of the cameras also make it much easier for the cameramen to track where the ball is. Also, each play starts out with a wide shot, and only focuses in on a player ... | [
"One did fall during a [college game in 2011](_URL_0_). However it was due to a malfunction rather than being hit. During the game (and please correct me if I'm wrong) I belive the outcome of the play would be the whatever the result is, as the camera would be considered part of the field. For example, if the quart... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
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How come it is possible for a game to freeze my whole gaming console? Couldn't there be a way to program the console to be able to bypass an error in the game, in a way that I could still get to the menu of the console, and be able to force the game to shut down from there? | [
"The Xbox one does something like this. Generally with consoles the game has complete authority and the console is entirely devoted to running the game."
] | [
"Windows safe mode is a version of the OS that is useful when the OS can't run anymore in normal mode. For example if you made an update to your graphics card driver that crashed the system and restarted it in normal mode it would just crash again as soon as it loaded the graphics card driver while booting. You wou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
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"neg": "Represent the document:"
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Why are some people great at abstract thinking but terrible at algebra which involves it? | [
"Math requires abstract thinking to understand why you're supposed to do certain things, but not to literally do them. You need abstract thinking to understand why you can divide two from both sides of 2x=4, but not to do it. The people that are good at math before calculus are people that can do well in a system t... | [
"They teach a couple of valuable skills, like reading comprehension and the ability to try to think outside of the box. The reality of it is that at many points throughout your life, you'll need to analyze situations and take away more than just surface level information. Critical thinking is a pretty darn importa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Education:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Education:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do prostitutes have "pimps"? | [
"Because it's illegal. If a client beats the shit out of them and doesn't pay they can't go to the cops without getting arrested. The pimp is their protection, and they pay him for this. In places where prostitution is legal they don't have pimps - they work for a company or independently. Generally. I'm gonna edi... | [
"The *real* question is, why do we think puppies and kittens are *way* cuter than babies?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
How does the Tor network protect anonymity? | [
"Instead of connecting to a website directly, TOR creates a path with several proxies between you and the website you visit. A proxy is a computer that acts as a relay point. It asks the information for you then gives it to you. So let's say a path is built with only two proxies: Your computer < -- > Proxy A < -- >... | [
"It's considered poor etiquette as the bandwidth is donated by users running exit nodes. It was designed to preserve privacy and free access to information. There are other ways to bootleg privately that will not degrade the network quality for say dissident bloggers under shitty regimes or something along those li... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
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Is fire matter? If so, what elements/compoundss | [
"what is matter? Never mind. What is mind? It doesn't matter."
] | [
"you're mixing chemistry and biology here. existance of elements have nothing to do with their usability for organisms. elements are not created by them, elements are not created by chemical reactions (any reaction. doesn't matter if it's in lab, or in your body). edit: spelling"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Chemistry:"
} |
why porn is legal, but prostitution is not. | [
"You'll hear lots of complicated reasons, but the real one is this: laws on prostitution date back hundreds of years to puritanical times when society was a lot more religious, and even having sex out of wedlock was a sin. Those laws are very hard to reverse, because even if most people don't think they're necessar... | [
"It's common to film such porn in the czech republic, where nudity and indecency laws are lax. Remember, the US is one of the most prude nations, both in law and in practice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Law and Entertainment:"
} |
The differences between Northern and Southern England. | [
"Nah then duck. All tha needs t'know is that t'north is where it's at."
] | [
"The main reason is because of the religious background of the United States."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
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If i am in the US and shoot someone in Mexico and kill them who would have jurisdiction/what would happen | [
"Mexico would request that the US extradite you to stand trial in Mexico. The US would probably comply."
] | [
"Countries like Canada and the US have treaties with one another that say what laws they will enforce against their own citizens that were violated against the other country. Technacally the person violated the treaty which is law. Edit: And it is not Canada that will prosecute the individual. They just agree to se... | eli5_question_answer | {
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How do studios get to film in places as dense as New York without interrupting business and traffic, while also not being interrupted during filming? | [
"I can't believe this hasn't been mentioned yet...PRODUCTION ASSISTANTS. I am a production assistant and my job is essentially to make sure that pedestrians don't walk into the shot and that they (as well as the crew) are quiet. Yes, cops help sometimes when there is a street scene (cars, walking in the road, etc.)... | [
"Most of the time, any location wont do. They want a specific look, so they build a set to fit that look. Or theres nothing like it nearby, and it's cheaper than paying everyone to live somewhere else for the length of the shoot. Also, many public places simply can't be close off that long. If you're filming a movi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do we have to close our eyes to go to sleep? | [
"To turn this around, imagine *not* closing your eyes. They'd dry out and burn like crazy, be open to having random debris fly into them (dust, not a meteorite), and generally speaking the light would stimulate your brain even if you tried to sleep. Our brain helps us by closing our eyes for us when we're sleepy, ... | [
"You never closed your eyes while being outside in the sun, did you?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
If the Earth's temperature is only increasing by a few degrees, why are massive chunks of ice breaking away in places that are always freezing cold? | [
"**Average** temperature is increasing. This can mean, for example, that an area that had a day or two of above-freezing temperatures now has a couple of weeks of above freezing temperatures."
] | [
"There is no exact date, but it is already happening and it is already hitting us. Climate change has caused extreme adverse weather, which, while not so problematic for temperate climates, has wreaked havoc on communities across the world. We're already seeing a massive decline in the amount of surface ice in the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
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Why aren't any of the nearest planets orbiting the sun on a vertical (as opposed to horizontal) orbit? | [
"It's because the planets all formed from a disc of stuff that was orbiting the sun around its axis of rotation"
] | [
"There's not that much information about other solar systems, but generally there doesn't seem to be a reason to assume they orbit in the same way as the entire galaxy, as the local \"turbulence\" and random variation of gas clouds would have greater effect than the overall direction of the galaxy spinning. The sol... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
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"neg": "Represent the document:"
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How do those transparent EXIT signs read left-to-right even when you look at them from the other side? | [
"Lol it’s simply a cutout of the word exit overlayed on top of a light usually red or green. The overlay is placed correctly on both sides meaning there are two Exit templates on each side over the light. Like an exit sandwich lol"
] | [
"Mirrors don't reverse left/right, they reverse front/back. Point up and your image points up. Point down and your image points down. Point left or right and your image points in the same direction. If you point at your image, then your image points in the opposite direction."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
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Why does weather affect mood? | [
"Weather has been shown to have a clear link to your mood. Rainy Cloudy weather and short daylight can cause people to become depressed, it's sometimes referred to as SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder). Sunny Weather usually has the opposite effect. There are many reasons why this is, it's difficult to get and do th... | [
"Most likely to slow the spread of lice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can a biotech startup 3-D print fake rhino horns that carry the same genetic fingerprint as the actual horn? Is the printing at the DNA level? What material is used? | [
"Keratin. That is the protein that rhino horns (and human fingernails, and hair) is made of. They make a powder of that (I'm not sure how, I read an article on it briefly, but making proteins is nothing new) and print that into a horn shape."
] | [
"With current technology, you cannot viably grow a healthy, working organ ready for transplant from stem cells. Maybe in the future though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why can't Obama create an executive order to increase NASA funding as easily as Kennedy could in the 60's? | [
"Congress alone has the authority to say how government revenue can be spent. Kennedy never raised NASA's spending on his own via EO."
] | [
"Its really really really **really** expensive to go to the moon and there is not really much reason to go back. The US has also slashed NASA's budget to spend the money elsewhere, so NASA really could not afford to start another moon trip project. The Apollo Program (our last trip to the moon) cost an astounding ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Why does looking at the sun always work when you need to sneeze but can't? | [
"It's called a Photic Sneeze Reflex. Seems like about 10-35% of the population has it. It doesn't seem like anyone fully knows why, but people theorize that it has to do with a confusion of nerve pathways that are close to each other in the brain. Either way, it's pretty neat."
] | [
"Wish I knew. It's the same thing when I'm trying to go to sleep and I get an itch, right on the side of my body that I'm laying on. Can't ignore it, have to turn over and scratch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why can we see and hear whats in our mind? | [
"Your brain takes inputs (vibrations, photons, organic molecules) and processes them into \"sensations\" (sounds, images, tastes). When you remember something, your brain just reconstructs the \"sensation\" - so you see the image or hear the sound as you remember it."
] | [
"Because we can't see very well in it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
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} |
Why do we say "pork," "beef," and "venison," for example, but "chicken," "lamb," "duck," etc... | [
"That, to me, is one of the most fascinating quirks of English, and it comes down to the Norman invasion in the 1100s. When the Normans (ie: the French) took over, they were the ruling class. Our food words (pork, beef, etc.) are French in origin. They would tell their [English] servants to fetch some beef for dinn... | [
"Are you talking about derivative nouns like \"height(h)\" for \"high,\" \"warmth\" for \"warm,\" \"mirth\" for \"merry,\" \"width\" for \"wide,\" etc.?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Language and Etymology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Language and Etymology:",
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Why are mosquitos able to successfully transmit certain viruses such as zika, malaria, and dengue, but not others such as HIV and hepatitis? | [
"I can answer at least part of this. Mosquitoes aren't a viable host for HIV because they lack the T-helper cells HIV requires in order to reproduce. HIV breaks down in the mosquito's digestive system and never makes it into the insect's saliva, which is the only liquid a mosquito transmits into a human during its ... | [
"They're call reservoirs. They're usually animals and usually can carry the disease (as in it can survive and reproduce in their bodies) but they don't develop symptoms. For example, bats are generally the reservoir for Ebola and rabies as well and rats infamously carried the bubonic plague."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
"People I may know" on Facebook. | [
"Facebook doesn't just use *your* information for stuff like this. It also uses *other* people's information **about** you. So if one of your friends on Facebook has both your personal and work email addresses assigned to the same contact, Facebook knows that they belong to the same person, and associates your work... | [
"Can I just link to you the Wikipedia page? _URL_0_ Wikipedia is a very helpful side. Google too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people like Phish in such an extreme way? | [
"I call it the 'fantasy of inclusion'. Same with diehard, over the top sports fans. Some people like being a part of something bigger than themselves, even if it's just pretend. If they like the band, or the team, or whatever, they try to make themselves a part of it. I don't think that every fan is living a fantas... | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
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- Why can't street signs, street lights, utility poles all be integrated to make a more pleasing aesthetic and eliminate clutter on American roads. | [
"Lights need to be at a certain interval, power poles at another interval, and signs at specific locations. So it's not *always* possible to combine them. However, often they are uncombined simply because of a lack of coordination -- they are installed and operated by separate teams, working to separate plans, who'... | [
"Subdivision layouts provide more privacy by offsetting houses, keep traffic slower and less common (not efficient shortcut) to protect playing kids, and is more aesthetically pleasing for many."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How can something exceed 2 Billion Kelvin? | [
"Something can be really really hot, but not have enough energy to burn something When you use a grinder on metal and the little red sparks fly off, those are crazy hot but they're so small that if they hit your pants they don't have enough energy to burn them despite their high temperature If you bring 1 microgram... | [
"It does. For instance light travels about 186,000 MPS through a vacuum, but only about 80,000 MPS through a diamond. Edit: Miles per second..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why are there kid's shows on at midnight if they go to sleep closer to 8? | [
"These are very helpful. I have two small children. Sometimes when we are traveling, or they are sick or it's a holiday or something, it is really nice to have children's shows available at strange hours. Also, my kids went to bed at like midnight when they were toddlers. What is important is the amount of sleep t... | [
"Way back when there weren't multiple channels whose only purpose was cartoons. There was a MARKET for cartoons, but not a huge market. What day and time are kids most likely to be available year-round to watch things marketed towards them? Saturday mornings. During the week they're in school. Sundays, might have c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do certain sounds (like nails on a chalkboard) disturb people so much? | [
"It is actually a trick on your mind... A placebo if you will. They did an experiment once where they played people the sound of nails on a blackboard but did not tell them that the sound they were hearing was that. Then they played the same sound, but this time they told them that it was screaching nails. In the f... | [
"This is personal preference. I, at least, cannot *stand* the sound of our cats eating (or licking themselves, but that's not pertinent here). It absolutely sets my teeth on edge. By comparison, I find most people's chewing a non-event. Occasionally it will bother me (generally in the office if a coworker is having... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does Amazon manage to stay in business? | [
"They make plenty of revenue. They're not losing money, they're deliberately breaking even and investing the money back in the business. Their business model is to be profitable long-term, there's no rush."
] | [
"Because their stores still function with what limited resources they use. Contrary to popular belief, they don't care about being the best. They care about making the most money."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
In cartoons, why are moving items several shades lighter than the background? | [
"This is typical of old-school animation that was done on cells. The background would be drawn once on one cell and anything that moves will be animated on a different cell. Since they aren't drawn on the same piece of cellulose the colors won't exactly match."
] | [
"Having the white bars provides depth perception. You can now tell with certainty if something is closer or further away, by whether or not it is in front of or behind the bars."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about technology:"
} |
What makes someone allergic to something, and how do those allergies cause reactions? | [
"Allergies is a response to foreign proteins known as antigens and the body recognizes them and the immune system develops very specific molecules called antibodies to combat the antigens. So if there is not enough antibodies present, it causes the allergic reaction. The reaction is caused by disruption of mast cel... | [
"Every allergy is just the immune system failing to recognize a foreign body as harmless, or at least thinking that a foreign substance is harmful when it actually isn’t . That‘s why there‘s an inflammatory response if you eat something you’re allergic to; it‘s the same as when your immune system fights bacteria an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The difference between Republicans and Democrats in the U.S. | [
"The major historical difference between the parties is what they think the purpose of the federal government is. Democrats tend to think that the federal government should take a large role in promoting the welfare of it's citizens (so that everyone gets more or less the same treatment). Republicans think that the... | [
"Liberals support change while conservatives believe in tradition."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do movie tickets cost less during the day but other businesses don't change their prices during the day? | [
"1) Movie theaters make very little money from ticket sales, as a fixed percentage of those ticket sales go back to the movie distribution company. To you the price difference is $10 vs $5, but the theater only gets to keep a $1.50 vs $0.75. 2) Concession stand sales generate income for the movie theater, and those... | [
"Because at the end of the day what you *care* about is revenue. Measuring by tickets sold carries three major issues: 1) The investors care less about tickets and more about how much money it actually made 2) Counting by tickets may encourage studios, in certain situtations, to pressure theatres to charge less per... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How could physicists like Oppenheimer be brilliant in their field but bad at math? | [
"I heard a mathematician say that being good at calculations is like being good at typing. You can be a great writer and still be a lousy typist, so you can be a good physicist and be bad at calculations. Plus, there is a lot to math outside arithmetic. Lost of math involves very few numbers. I assume you would sim... | [
"People can give analogies and stuff but there is no real way to understand these theories without understanding the physics. Many physics proffesors will claim they dont have a real qualitative understanding of quantum. Some just understand the mathematical models and are happy with that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
is there a reason why 18 is the age where a person is considered an adult? Why 18 specifically? | [
"It is a semi-arbitrary age. Some cultures say 16, some 14, it varies. Many use 16/18 because it is about the time you are pretty much fully grown, you can pretty much live without parental support, and not much more is happening that changes significantly after that, other then general maturing that comes with age... | [
"If I remember correctly (I could be wrong) it actually had to do with the federal government strongarming the state government. In 1984, there was a National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which basically said that if the states didn't comply? They would lose a chunk of their funding for building highways. This would h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do PayPal scams work? | [
"They pay with a fraudulent account. You withdraw the money to your checking. PayPal realizes it is fraud and hits your account and you are out of the item."
] | [
"Debit cards: pay with money from your bank account Credit cards: pay with money the bank/company has agreed to lend you. Credit cards also have interest rates which you have to pay. Some shops/brokers charge commission on credit card transactions because it costs them money to process the transaction."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does science and creation contradict each other? | [
"Science deals with things that are testable and falsifiable. Creation, as it is generally practiced, does not meet that criterion, in that faith is based on... well... faith. Therefore, there is not a condition in which intelligent design could necessarily be tested and proven false. It is thus not considered scie... | [
"1. The Catholic Church has accepted modern science and does not take a strongly literal interpretation of the Bible. 2. Protestants, not Catholics are the ones leading the anti-science movement in the US. 3. The groups responsible do take the Bible as literal truth and object to anything that contradicts it (while... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why, as a child and into adulthood, is putting your finger in your mouth a natural reaction after you get a cut on it? | [
"Saliva has minor anti-bacterial effects. Placing your finger in your mouth also cleans the wound and applies pressure to prevent further bleeding. It is similar to when a parent kisses a wound or an animal licking a wound."
] | [
"I'm not certain that it hurts any worse than any other injury, per se; instead, you are just more likely to stub your toe badly than you are to do a lot of other painful things. You need a hammer to hit your finger with a hammer. You can stub your toe at any time, if you don't have closed toed shoes on. Does stubb... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is this experiment real or fake? | [
"The battery generates electricity when it is connected back on itself via the copper wire touching the magnets. Electric current in loops creates a magnetic field - this is how an electromagnet is made. The magnetic field is only where the electricity is flowing, so only under the battery. This electromagnet repel... | [
"Can someone please answer this question? This is such an interesting question."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Higher life expectancy leads to higher health care costs? | [
"You're describing a false dichotomy: either people live longer without ailments, or they die earlier. There is a middle ground, where the vast majority of old people stand: they are living longer, but with many severe ailments that cost a lot of money to treat. Here's a good example: my grandmother broke her hip ... | [
"Living longer, more inactivity and obesity, more access to care rather than ignoring issues, more willingness to speak about health generally."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it I'm never hungry right after I wake up, in fact the thought of eating makes me feel sick, but than about an hour later I'm extremely hungry? | [
"When you go to sleep, your metabolism shuts down as much as possible to save energy. No need to keep it running. When you wake up, it takes some time for it to realize you are awake and to start back up. That nausea feeling is derived from the fact that digesting food with a slowed down metabolism is difficult, so... | [
"I can't relate to this at all. When I'm sick, I feel worse when I wake up and slowly get better throughout the day. When I'm falling asleep I'll usually think I'll be better the next day, but when I wake up I'm sick all over again and the cycle repeats."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are US troops being deployed to Poland? | [
"Because Russia. Like it or not, NATO is primarily the Club of Countries the US Promises To Protect. Its ludicrously massive military is what everyone wants on their side. After Russia's adventures in the Crimea and Eastern Ukraine, there are suspicions within NATO that either Poland or the Baltics might suddenly f... | [
"Because the US, Russia, and Israel are powerful enough to get away with it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is confiscated ivory burned, and not auctioned off to legitimate artists/organizations/museums? | [
"You're still allowing a market to exist when the product is there. By destroying the product, you know for a fact that it won't fall into wrong hands. Horrible analogy but... I own a few sandwich shops. I don't let my employees take/eat mistake sandwiches. They have to toss them out because otherwise, mistakes mag... | [
"> Do these end up in so called private collections? Most likely they do end up in the possession of wealthy individuals who don't care about laws in the country from which they were stolen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do Police Departments still use the Crown Victoria when there are better cars available? | [
"They're not better cars; for cops, at least. * don't have the room in the front seat for the necessary equipment * don't have the room in the back seat for perpetrators * don't have as easy a separation between front and back seats * don't have rear-wheel drive, so the front ends are more delicate WRT to obstacles... | [
"There are different levels of undercover. The police interceptor Crown Victorias are *unmarked* cars, but at a glance are still clearly police cars. Many departments also have *undercover* cars that can be any make and model, but may not perform police duty as well as the specialized police interceptor cars can."
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
is it possible to make it so an ISP can't throttle your network speeds? If so, how? Just preparing for the apocalypse... | [
"There are other answers that have touched on this in an abstract way, but haven't offered a concrete solution. Yes, you can (possibly) by using a VPN (Virtual Private Network). VPNs are \"tunnels\" through the internet that allow you to connect to server outside of your ISP with which all the communication is encr... | [
"No its not the same as a proxy. A VPN or virtual private network is a point to point connection. It's basically (and i'm explaining this loosely) a LAN connection over the internet. I use P2P VPN to play old game's with friends over the internet that don't support online multiplayer using a program like \"hamtchi\... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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