query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
On Star Trek, how do they film people being transported, so that it looks like they literally vanished into thin air, sometimes even when there's motion all around them? | [
"Lock up the camera so it doesn't move, film the people entering the transporter. Then they walk away. Leave the camera locked and then dissolve between the footage with people and without people. Add sparkly effects onto the film."
] | [
"The outside world appears to be moving a lot faster when you're in a car, since you're seeing what's right next to the road. The outside world appears to move much slower in an airplane, because you're so far away from it. There appears to be less relative motion in the plane then there is in the car."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Legally, what could Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon be charged with for their negligence towards Harry? | [
"If charged with child cruelty, they could spend decades in prison. Since in the UK they will arrest you for having a kid that's too fat, both Harry and the biological son (forget the name) would count as victims."
] | [
"Snape protected Harry out of love for Lilly. But was a dick to Harry at the same time because he hated James."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does a full cycle charge extend a Lithium-ion batteries life? | [
"It's not required for the battery at all. You know how the battery meter on your phone or whatever says 100% right when you take it off? And 57% sometime later? It needs to be calibrated to accurately determine from the battery (usually via a voltage measurement) what the state of charge is. Doing a full cycle ... | [
"Lithium-ion batteries perform well at elevated temperatures; however, prolonged exposure to heat reduces longevity. You've probably shortened your battery's life permanently through excessive exposure to heat. Time to get a new one."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
what does Gatorade do for your body? | [
"Gatorade has electrolytes like sodium and carbohydrates in it to replenish electrolytes your body expends while working out. Other than that, it's really just sugar water. It doesn't have any magic properties that will make an athlete perform better. If you're trying to lose weight, you're better off just drinking... | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is petroleum used to make so many things? | [
"Petroleum is a complex mix of hydrocarbon chemicals. It can be distilled to produce fuels, lubricants, solvents. Many of the chemicals we extract from petroleum can be used as \"feedstock\" for additional products: plastics, fertilizers, drugs."
] | [
"crude oil (the stuff that comes out of the ground) is refined into countless products, gas, lubricant, plastic, diesel, jet fuel, kerosene, ect ect. THey all have the same raw material so their price is related."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why did Wall Street crash in 1929 and why did it affect the whole world? | [
"To give insight on how \"buying on margin\" worked: Let's say you wanted to buy $10,000 worth of stock. In the 1920s you could do this with a $1,000 down payment and signing a note for the remaining $9,000 with your brokerage or a bank. The 1920s were an exceptional boom time in the US. Electricity was going in ev... | [
"A \"depression\" is an economic term that means there is a long-term downturn in the economy. The Great Depression was the worst depressions in modern history. Also, note that the Great Depression happened *before* WWII. In fact WWII was one of the things that stopped the Great Depression and got the world economy... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
EIL5: how does a reservoir work? | [
"One type of reservoir takes advantage of when electricity is cheap. When we sleep the electricity is still being made so some dams will take this electricity that would be wasted and use it to power huge pumps. The pumps push the water up hill into a man-made reservoir. When extra electricity is needed, like on re... | [
"Residual images in the individual cones of your eyes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
When it comes to fallacies, is there any honest way to argue or debate without them? | [
"Yes. Employ deductive reasoning and employ logic. Or use inductive reasoning and provide evidence to support a thesis."
] | [
"I have no explanation for you, I just want to say that as you inform yourself on this, be careful not to take a strawman view of a particular brand of Christianity and use it as your model of religion."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are men's shirt buttons on the right and women's on the left? | [
"Not at all. But women did not (typically) dress themselves. Or at least noble ladies didn't. They had servants for that. So the buttons being on the other side makes it easier for the servants to work. Men would dress themselves. So their buttons would be on the right."
] | [
"I have never heard of this before, I've only heard that men were to wear a watch on the left hand and women on the right."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do people say the size difference between countries means economic policies won't or will work less efficiently? | [
"The size argument is fairly weak. Scaling can be achieved. A large country could save more money by being efficient compared to a small country. A better argument against using small countries as models is the diversity of large countries. Rules promulgated for a large country may just not work in Alaska, New Mexi... | [
"The world is too bog and diverse for this to ever work any time soon. The economies, cultures, etc are vastly different from one place to another; there's no way one government is going to know how to make everyone happy. Even the EU has problems now because different countries are better served by different polic... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it there isn't a large British population in Hong Kong if it was a British colony? | [
"Only a very small percentage (a bit less than 1%) of Hong Kong's population is white according to recent census records. Not every British controlled territory was a settler colony. Hong Kong was taken from China mostly to be used as a port of entry for British businesses to sell things (a lot of opium) to Chines... | [
"Hong Kong was never an independent country. We (britain) took it from China in the 1800s as war reparations. We gave it back in 1997. They may seem like a separate country but that's only because they have different laws/press freedom/financial freedom. That won't last, they are due to be fully integrated. Taiwan ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Is it possible to create a nuclear blast with a blast radius under 10m? | [
"No, it's not. As an example, the Davy Crockett was one of the smallest nuclear weapons ever built. It was a tiny nuclear warhead meant to be fired from a tripod-mounted recoilless rifle; basically a small cannon with a nuclear payload that a few dudes could carry in pieces or a vehicle could carry easily. Kind of ... | [
"The MOAB uses a chemical Pentaerythritol tetranitrate or PETN. It is pretty much the same as any dumb bomb. It has a nose trigger, or elevation trigger. Usually activated by contact. Or by altimeter. It's dropped out of a lifting type aircraft due to its size. Generally out of a back door. It has a parachute atta... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why people think machines replacing humans is bad if that means we as a society get the same goods without working? | [
"The problem is that *because of how we currently run our society* only people with jobs can earn money. Of course in a different economic system we could just share the bounty that the machines make. Unfortunately two such systems that have been tried -- communism and socialism -- have been shown to have a lot of ... | [
"Think of it this way. A surgeon must study upwards of 14 years to learn a precise set of skills (I will find you and i will kill you) that will alow to save a human. On the other hand, there can be a garbage man, yes he is of great use to society and to earth but he does not need much a qulification to do so. Then... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What exactly makes cracking your knuckles bad for you? | [
"Nothing. No study has found any causative link between cracking your knuckles and degeneration or harm in later life."
] | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and wellness:"
} |
if evolution weeds out undesirable traits in a species, shouldn't everyone in the human race be a 10 in hottness? | [
"Evolution doesn't care how hot you are; it cares how well you reproduce. Nothing else."
] | [
"Before agriculture, 300lb women didn't really exist, there wasn't enough food, evolution couldn't shape male minds to be attracted to large female bodies, even if it were advantageous to their genes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How will Mars colonists deal with radiation and deadly sun rays? | [
"We're nowhere near the level of Technology needed to combat solar radiation on Mars. The best we can do so far is to put a lot of mass in between our body and the Sun. This just means pulling a big pile of dirt or water on top of our shelters AKA living underground or underwater"
] | [
"Human could technically live there, but they would be prone to cancer and other ill effects from the radiation. Likewise, animals living in the irradiated region suffer from multiple health problems due to the radiation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do "bags" under peoples eyes appear? | [
"It's very thin skin so edema ( swelling) and water retention are more obviously visible there. Can be caused by allergies or electrolyte (sodium) imbalance and probably lots of stuff."
] | [
"It comes from fibers of your underwear, and it gets mechanically walked into your belly button from your belly hair and movement. Trim the hair leading upto and around your belly button, and it'll stop. The smell? Well... How sweaty are you?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do Scottish Fold cats have those weird, sausage-shaped tails? | [
"The same reason pugs have smashed faces. A breeder sees one of their kittens has an oddly shaped tail, decides they like that trait and breeds it with another cat that has an oddly shaped tail,and its offspring has a more distinct oddly shaped tail."
] | [
"There’s enough skin to accommodate the penis at its fully erect state. That’s why flaccid penises look all wrinkly and smooshed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If Jesus died for our sins so people can go to Heaven, did all people go to hell before Jesus lived and died? | [
"It doesn't sound stupid at all, i am religious and i havent even thought about this. But still, here's my answer, agree with it or not. Scripture calls the abode of the dead, to which the dead Christ went down, \"hell\"— Sheol in Hebrew or Hades in Greek—because those who are there are deprived of the vision of Go... | [
"Death is the price to be paid for sin. Adam and Eve were hundreds of years old, and then they sinned. Because of this sin the first death occurred to supply them with material to cover their shame, and in the end Adam and Eve died for sinning. Jesus did not sin. No matter what, that is the thing all of Christendom... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why can spiders hang upside down for long stretches of time? When if we did that the blood would rush to our head and cause us pain. | [
"Because invertebrates like arachnids and insects don't have a closed circulatory system with blood like we do. They are essentially hollow exoskeletons filled with fluid. Their \"blood\" is already everywhere it can be so there is no sense of it rushing to one part of their body or another."
] | [
"Do you want cause or effect? Cause: bump to the head or not enough oxygen to brain. A bump to the head would be a defence mechanism from the sudden jostling of the brain to protect it. I think the same thing goes from a shock, stress, fear, pain... I don’t know for sure. Not enough oxygen getting to the brain is t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does powdered sugar taste so different from regular sugar? If they are chemically/molecularly the same, shouldn't they taste the same? | [
"Powder Sugar has small a amount of cornstarch in it. Why it tastes different. Well steak in a blender tastes different than steak on a plate."
] | [
"Sugar substitutes work because they mimic the shape of sugar molecules which tricks your taste receptors into thinking that they are tasting sugar. Since they are not really sugar though, they don't get metabolized the same way in your body and thus don't provide energy (i.e. calories). The difference between suga... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Food and beverage:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Food and beverage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If corporations are considered Legal Persons, and legal persons are required to pay income tax, why aren't profitable corporations like Merck, GE, and Verizon paying any income tax? | [
"Business expenses are tax deductible. When you're a business, every expense is a business expense so you only pay tax on profits, not income. By careful bookkeeping and passing money between subsidiaries, the corporate accountants can make it look like the company didn't make any money so they don't owe any taxes.... | [
"A loophole = > tax avoidance Tax evasion == a crime, you go to jail. These are completely different. The Congress adds loopholes on purpose, to encourage people to do things that Congress wants done but don't have the money for, like building businesses or funding charities. Rich people follow the law and take adv... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How to do Internet/social media marketing | [
"I would say start by reading what other companies you love have done - one of my favorite companies is Intercom - they have a book called “lessons learned” which talks a lot about reaching customers and connecting with them. - they also have a book specifically on marketing. Also, they are incredible at reaching p... | [
"Monitor and dig thru data from specialized tools to catch bad guys doing bad things in your network."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does some ocean waters seem so crystal clear and others aren't as blue? | [
"If you notice the areas with clear waters, they are tropical and are usually on the east coast of a continent. That's actually because the way water flows around the equator stacks up warm oceanic water along the east coast of continents. Along the west coast, and at more extreme latitudes, the water is comin... | [
"Depends what the water contains, it can be green if there is a strong presense of certain algae. However, if there are no waves, the water acts as a mirror. So if there is a blue sky, thats what you will see in the reflection"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does an egg become solid with heat when other things usually become liquid with heat? | [
"Please search, this question is asked a lot. [This is the best explanation so far (in terms of upvotes), and search can lead you right to it](_URL_0_ ). Eggs are not filled with a simple molecule like water or alcohol. It's a very complex protein structure that changes chemical properties when heated. That's why c... | [
"Gasses dissolve more in colder water than hotter water. Solids on the other hand dissolve more in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Chemistry:"
} |
How can you "feel" it when someone is staring at you? | [
"You can't. Studies have been made to test it, and it turns out that the feeling of being watched is not linked to actually being watched. You just remember the times that you got the feeling of being watched and it turned out that you were actually being watched. Confirmation bias."
] | [
"I always watch their mouth instead. I find it awkward to look someone right in the eye when talking with them, feel like I'm staring."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Can I get sick if I do a poo in a public toilet and splash goes straight up into my open date? | [
"Your bumhole doesn't open up completely. Poo gets squeezed out, it doesnt fall out. If some water does splash up it doesn't go into your bumhole, it stays on the outside. I'm going to do some experiments and I'll let you know exactly what happens."
] | [
"I put the lid down when I am done so that when I flush it doesn't spray particulate feces and urine across everything within five feet of the toilet. Nothing to do with females."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Question about public women's toilets:"
} |
Is the act of overeating in itself bad? | [
"Gaining weight is just one unhealthy aspect you can develop from overeating. You can have poor health and still be skinny from a bad diet."
] | [
"The answer you are looking for and the answer the others are ignoring is; yes, there is a psychological element to thirst satiation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
On a sunny day, why does it look like there's water on the street from far away, but when I get there it's dry? | [
"It's a mirage, just like in the desert! The hot air refracts light at a different angle than cold air, and pavement gets real hot. So, you are seeing reflected light right above the hot pavement which shimmers like a puddle."
] | [
"Well, the first thing to know is that it doesn't. It's just a truism, not an undeniable fact or anything. But at sunrise and sunset, the sunlight is coming in at an oblique angle to the atmosphere. If the atmosphere is full of particulates, then the light will scatter and make the sky look red. In this situation, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does USB have fewer reliability issues than older interfaces? | [
"USB was actually built to be hot pluggable, so they've got the ability to shut it down, reload it, and refresh the drivers, device everything HOT. This means that if there's a hiccup, timing issue, or crash during load they can handle it. Whereas the old games and such were built very bare bones, streamlined for s... | [
"Devices communicate at different frequencies. These are when voltage goes either high or low. Each high-low cycle is called a pulse. The frequency of the pulses determine how much data you can send per second. The higher the frequency, the more pulses you get, the more data you can send. But the higher the frequen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do animals prefer belly rubs, while humans prefer back rubs? | [
"Belly rubs are not more preferred. A dog or cat or whatever is acknowledging you are their superior. \"Guess I gotta show my belly, 'cause that human feeds me and is my master.\" But to the anthropormorphic minds of a human, \"Ooh, they like that better, isn't that the cuuuutest... yeah, belly rub is good isn't it... | [
"They like it for the same reason you like getting head rubs and back rubs from people you like. They just usually care less about who is doing it. Also, not all cats and dogs like to be pet by everyone or in every situation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How someone under the influence of certain drugs can ignore/overcome the effects of a taser or stun gun? | [
"Drugs work by blocking/overloading your brain's receptors. They send signals to your brain saying you're dancing on a rainbow, which is why people abuse these drugs. As a high person gets hit with the stun gun they have an electrical signal telling their body to shut down, but they also have a MASSIVE overload of ... | [
"A taser is often lethal if someone has a heart condition. This is well documented. But for a healthy person the taser is not powerful enough to cause disruption of the heart."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Upon reading about Sandra Bland, I have to ask: What civil rights do I have as a citizen when a cop pulls me over? (ex. cigarette) | [
"Sometimes things that are within our rights are not a good idea. If pulled over its best not to piss off a cop and follow a few basic common sense things. If you are pulled over put the car in park, put on flashers, roll down window, keep seatbelt on. If its night then turn on your interior lights too. Don't reac... | [
"How do you know it's an undercover cop on his phone, and not just some dude? That aside, the real reason is because there's probably not another cop around to pull them over, and even if there was, there aren't any cops who would care enough to bother. A lot of regular citizens just get ignored by police for talki... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do politicians these days seem so corrupt!? Have they always been this way? | [
"They're probably less corrupt then they were 100 years ago. But with the constant media exposure and nonstop TV analisys, we see even relatively small conflicts of interest as huge discrepencies."
] | [
"He was a reasonably smart and articulate guy who was a very good public speaker, that kind of person tends to go far in organisations. Was he deranged, of course, but he wasn't an idiot."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
In scientific theory, why do we need to hypothesize? Why can't we just go "Let's try this and see what happens!" | [
"In reality there is no difference between hypothesizing and what you have described. In modern science you only publish hypotheses that turn out to be correct, and so you essentially play around, do this or that, whatever your intuition or other studies suggest might be a useful thing to do until you find somethin... | [
"A law is an observation that something happens in nature. For example: if I drop an apple, it will fall to the ground. It makes no attempt to explain *why* the apple falls to the ground, it just says that it does. A theory, on the other hand, tries to come up with reasons for the laws. So I could come up with a th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
if and when all the sea ice melts will it change the salt levels in sea water. | [
"There's a LOT of fresh sea and glacial ice, enough that if it were all to melt sea level would rise by 70 meters (230 feet). So yes, the salt levels in the oceans would drop noticeably and probably enough to significantly alter ocean currents and change weather patterns across the planet."
] | [
"A higher mean temperate would mean that, amount of co2 level in ocean dissolved would increase making the ocean more acidic and would cause sea creatures with a shell(calcium carbonate) to dissolve causing a food web catastophy, it also means that the polar icecaps in the arctic would melt more causing the albedo ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is gas so much more expensive than it was in the 90's? | [
"So has demand. So many more petroleum products are in use now, as well as cars on the road in the world."
] | [
"Gas was $2.18 per gallon on January 6th 2006 here in NJ. I filled up last night for $1.84 a gallon."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Economics:"
} |
Why does everybody from past generations, male and female, look much older than somebody from today with the same age? | [
"People weren't informed about the dangers of smoking, alcohol, and the sun."
] | [
"We don't. You just don't know anyone who looks exactly like anyone else because the chances are so low. My mother and her oldest daughter look identical in pictures of them at the same age. The only difference that is obvious is minor scaring and they way they wear their hair."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Lifestyle:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Lifestyle:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:"
} |
How do cities remain modern looking as time passes? | [
"Because things build up around the old portions of the city, so that the older, small parts are less noticible in a larger overview of the city. If you explore a city locally, you'll find the older portions, but the sky line will be dominated by all the new things."
] | [
"For one thing, it is pretty big. If there was a gold rush in South Dakota followed by a mass migration to Minnesota, we wouldn't be talking about one place being a magnet. But mostly it is a lot of little things: * the weather is nice * it is on the coast * lots of natural resources * good agricultural land * the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What exactly is happening in my brain when I can hear music/sounds coming through into my dreams? | [
"Everything that your senses are perceiving is going to be accessible to your brain, they don't turn off. So while your brain is doing things that seem like sound in your dreams, the same part of your brain processing the dream auditory signals is still active for real auditory signals being received. There's no ev... | [
"Side question? Side question; Why can I sometimes produce sounds in my head which sound like the actual music and sometimes it's just my voice (my internal monologue) singing, often poorly and off-key like I sing in real life. I don't know how universal this is. It's like if I focus on the song it stops being the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Do animals possess a concept of "fun", or are all their decisions made off of natural instinct? | [
"When two killer whales bat a seal back and forth between them using their tails, I know it's to soften up the bones and such, but I like to imagine them having fun doing it."
] | [
"They can't tell. Almost all living things appear to have something vaguely similar to pain. That is, when exposed to dangerous or harmful stimuli, they will panic and try to stop whatever they are being exposed to. After all, evolution favors those species who avoid dangerous situations. I think the real debate is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How is bailing someone out of jail-time allowed in a justice system? | [
"Bail is before guilt is determined, when the person is still presumed innocent. They haven't done anything wrong necessarily. But, in order that they stick around for the proceedings (no running from the law, the judge, the police), a penalty is held over their head. Bail is basically a fine for disappearing when ... | [
"It is so that if parts of the conviction get over turned, they still end up with life in prison."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Law and Criminal Justice:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Law and Criminal Justice:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do we circumcise babies? | [
"Religious belief. But it really depend of where you live. For example here in France it is considered an act of barbarism by most of the population."
] | [
"People are going to say it's because we're prudes and we hate masturbation. Maybe that's how it started, but the reality is circumcised guys usually circumcise their kids."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Circumcision in the US:"
} |
If the purpose of smell is to warn our bodies of potentially harmful chemicals and such, why do some things that smell good (soap, perfume, cologne, etc.) taste horrible? | [
"All the example products you listed are *specifically engineered* to smell good. As in some chemists in New Jersey (ya, rly) figured out what makes things smell the way they do, extracted those compounds, and added them to soap, perfume, and cologne. Also, the purpose of smell is just to pick stuff out of the air.... | [
"Chemically speaking, soap is just the combination of a fat and a chemical that has a pH that is basic. Usually lye is used. Chemicals that are basic in their pH taste bitter on your tongue. That's why soap tastes bad. You may have heard the term \"rancid.\" This terms specifically identifies the smell of fats goin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the legal difference between a postitute, escort, and porn star? | [
"A porn star is hired to act in a film that happens to involve a lot of sex. An escort is hired to spend time with you and escort you to an event. If sex happens to occur while they are with you, you are both consenting adults and that happens. They are technically not required to have sex with you. A prostitute ... | [
"Most people who want to use the services of a prostitute want to pay her/him, have sex, and then be done with it. They don't want to go through the STD testing, signing the waivers, and having their face in a video that will go all over the internet having sex with a porn star/prostitute."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do submarines communicate with anyone above ground? | [
"They use ELF to give them messages, it's very slow and requires very large transmitters (there is one in Maine, there is a wiki page but I'm in mobile), it's about 1MW transmit power. It's very covert because the sub never transmits on it and they can get simple orders like attack bob. If they need something compl... | [
"Fighter jets are air breathing. There is no air in space. For the same reason, there's no sonic boom in space either."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why can most super cars barely break 200 mph yet land speed records back in the 1930s are over 300 mph? | [
"because cars designed to break land speed records are purpose built for doing just that and only that...i.e. go down the bonneville salt flats in a straight line. Supercars today are designed to go around tracks, keep the driver air conditioned, alive in the event of a crash, conserve fuel and be driven on regular... | [
"The speed of sound is only about 780 miles per hour, and all you need to do to break the sound barrier is go faster than that. Most normal planes already go about 500~ mph, so boosting that up to 800~ isnt too hard"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did O.J. Simpson get acquitted of the criminal trial but lose the civil case? | [
"Criminal trial has a higher legal burden of proof. You have to be **guilty beyond reasonable doubt** to be found guilty in a criminal trial. To lose a civil case you simply need to have the **preponderanc of evidence** be against you. Basically, this means to be guilty in a criminal trial there has to be no doubt,... | [
"OJ Simpson literally wrote a book about it. The victims' families won the profits in a lawsuit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
If all humans disappeared tomorrow, how long would it take before all evidence of the human race disappeared from the surface of the earth? | [
"ASAP Science actually covered this if you want to check out their channel. I believe the video is titled, \"What if humans disappeared?\""
] | [
"We do not have the ability to destroy the planet. We might be able to wipe out quite a bit of life, but physically destroying the planet is beyond our reach. And not just now, but for the foreseeable future."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why MMORPG games are so popular? | [
"Good answers here already but IMO the most important one is one on a very simple psychological level: Because your time investment in the game is persistent, it feels like an investment because you slowly but gradually become stronger. In MMO's this basic reward stimuli is present throughout your journey to the... | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What keeps the actions of the President of the USA in check? | [
"A President can only act to enforce existing law. Congress can rewrite the laws. If a President's actions are believed to be contradictory to the law or unconstitutional, they can be challenged in the courts. The Supreme Court has the ability to strike down an Executive Order. Those two checks limit the specific a... | [
"How would the president conduct a hostile takeover without the military? Also a takeover of what?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why are so many tests and other metrics not done "out of 100?" (ie, SAT are out of 800 or 2400) | [
"The reason they do it for the SATs is because it allows for minor corrections in the scaling. The difference between getting a 2100 and a 2400 on the SAT is 2 percentiles but its 300 \"points\". It allows for a bigger gap to be shown even as the percentile difference from score-to-score becomes smaller and smaller... | [
"Your calculation is definitely right. I'd say they made a mistake there. On the other hand I know people and some are devilish misanthropes. Therefore you should consider that this could either be part of your test or they provided some additional information within the test (or not, in this case they are absolute... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
why does flicking the top of a shaken up pop can stop it from spraying everywhere? | [
"flicking the top or side of the can (side generally works better) causes some of the nucleation sites that have built up gas bubbles to release before you open the can. This causes a gas pocket to form at the top of the can and reduces the potential for the soda to spew out violently as the gas has already moved. ... | [
"There was a great video to a similar question, but I can't find it. It's a process called cavitation. Essentially when the bottle jerks downward, the beer stays where it was. If you watch in slow motion you can see a vacuum that forms at the bottom of the bottle and as the carbonated liquid slams back downwards to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does our mind seem to work against itself in cases such as anxiety and depression? | [
"One theory is that these simply represent a defect, something that's a bit broken. Another theory is that the human brain is not good at coping with the conditions of modern civilized life. Another theory is that these are actually *helpful* emotions to keep you alive in a situation that's really threatening."
] | [
"Dopamine regulates the pleasure-reward feeling you get when you do something you enjoy. When dopamine levels are low you become unmotivated, experience feelings of helplessness and lose interest in things that used to interest you. But that's just one of many many factors. There's no magical cure for depression. G... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why can we not see our FICO scores but comapnies can? | [
"FICO is actually a business called Fair, Isaac, and Company. They invented the formula that is used to calculate your score. They hold this formula in secret but for a price they will calculate a person's score. You can see yours any time you want, but you likely have to pay for it. The companies that can see your... | [
"You can only check it once a year FOR FREE at each of the three credit bureaus, because law. You can pay to check it as often as you want, however."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does Dick Cheney have a reputation for being such a bad person? | [
"He has always been a hawkish person who makes, what many consider, inflammatory statements. The way he carries himself and his facial expressions added to this, as he has the typical villian look about him. To many it appears he manipulated President Bush and controlled much of what happened during their administr... | [
"Because despite being a politician, she's not a sellout and is actually a decent human being."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do some armed forces wear Mechanix gloves? | [
"Availability, durability, price, etc. I wore them because they were cheap enough that I didn't care if I lost them, but versatile enough to protect my hands when I needed them. Also, my unit purchased a shit load, so I got a bunch of pairs for free."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it decided which states are put on the back of quarters when being made? | [
"They were made in chronological order from when the state became part of the US."
] | [
"You mean the Mint? The US Mint has several locations around the country that print and stamp bills and coins which are then shipped and exchanged with banks when the banks send the old worn out bills to be shredded."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the USA have a separate healthcare system for veterans? | [
"> Why not just to give veterans fully paid health insurance to use in the regular healthcare system? This very idea was partly implemented through [Veterans Access, Choice and Accountability Act of 2014](_URL_0_) in the wake of the backlog scandal. There are a several reasons why VA had its own health system in th... | [
"Is the United States the only country in the world allowed to advertise prescription drugs on TV?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If unemployment is such a big problem, why is accepting so many unskilled immigrants a good idea? | [
"Unemployment is not an extremely accurate/precise metric. Someone with a Master's degree who just got laid off will most likely not be interested in a job picking fruit, but he will most certainly be on the unemployed list. Unemployment solely measures the number of people who are out of work, but want to work; it... | [
"My cynical response is that they say there is a labor shortage, but what there really is a shortage of is people willing to work for peanuts."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How Does Water Get To The Colon? | [
"Digestion requires that the food be fairly liquid and easy to pipe through the intestines which absorb most of the nutrients, but just dumping it out in that form would waste a bunch of water which your body needs. In order to be more efficient the colon removes much of the water before it is expelled from the bod... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Today's news about Big Bang Theory. | [
"We finally saw the universe's stretchmarks from when it got really big, really fast after the Big Bang."
] | [
"The Buffet pledge takes place after they pass on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why can some people eat whatever they want without working out in their early 20s, but then become obese really quickly once they get into their 30s? | [
"When we're in our 20s our bodies need more energy to fuel growth processes, but after 25 our body is done growing and begins to slowly waste away, this requires less energy, as a result generally we keep eating the same amount of food but don't need it as much, which causes the weight to become fat, which makes us... | [
"I'm going to bet that you're still pretty young (early 20s or so at the latest). In that case, the younger you are, the quicker your body is able to bounce back from a lack of sleep. That's why you can pull an all-nighter, and still feel good the next day. The older you get the harder this becomes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
what is the difference between the names for groups of animals? (I.e. Pride, pack, murder, gaggle, school, etc) | [
"It's not a scientific difference, just linguistic. We give different names to different things--and a group of one animals is not the same as a group of another. Usually the terms have a traditional origin, though a number were coined in the 15th century."
] | [
"You are talking about the \"Terms of Venery.\" It comes from the Late Middle Ages and English hunting. The Book of Saint Albans, printed in 1486, was the first to compile them. Birds are not the only weird ones. Some weird ones: Grist of bees. Sounder of boars. Clowder of cats. Husk of hares. Zeal of zebras. Many ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are places of worship, exempt from income tax? | [
"They are primarily non-profits and like most non-profits qualify for tax exemptions. They do not have an owner or investors who get the money that they collect. Those who work for the organization (preachers, teachers, cleaning staff, secretaries, etc) if they are paid for that work will pay taxes on that income."... | [
"The money is used for other things such as education, healthcare, public transports etc.."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Do household appliances (toaster, coffee maker, lamps, whatever) use any electricity when plugged in but turned off/not in use? | [
"Some rules of thumb: * If the device doesn't have a computer in it, then it probably doesn't use power when off. * If the device turns on and off with a physical switch on the device (not on a remote), and it turns on and off instantly, then it probably doesn't use power when off. * If you can use a remote to turn... | [
"These devices are always \"waiting\" for the cue to turn on and be used, so they never really \"power off\" completely. Your laptop is waiting for the lid to open or the power button to get pressed, and your headphones are just waiting for a signal, so a tiny bit of power is getting used 100% of the time (unless t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How do people "perform" dubstep at a concert? | [
"They're basically re-mixing the song in real-time. _URL_9_ is a video of a guy using just the Launchpad. There are a wide variety of other controllers that they use when they perform live, up to and often including full-size keyboard synthesizers and laptop computers. Other bands with a heavy computerized sound ha... | [
"How can you sing along mentally the first time?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Hayfever: How come, even with all my doors and windows closed, I still wake up in the morning with hayfever? | [
"Do you have air conditioning? Did you seal the bottom of your doors? Are you running a positive pressure internal system? Your house is not air-tight by any means. If you do have A/C, get new filters. Might also consider a large room HEPA filter for wherever you spend most of your time. Also might consider seeing ... | [
"I get my worst allergy symptoms at night. I go to lay down, roll over, and I can no longer breathe out of my nose. The struggle is real"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does cold water taste better than room temperature water? | [
"The temperature of what we eat or drink, has an effect on our \"taste receptors\". When warmer, certain taste receptors will send a stronger electrical signal to our brain. When colder, certain *aspects* of its taste won't be noticed as easy. With water, when it's colder, we just taste less of it. It's like ice cr... | [
"How much water is in the bath? How much is in the kettle? How hot is the bath water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where does the Ebola virus come from? | [
"> Is it an animal virus like chicken pox or swine flu? Probably, but they haven't identified the specific animal reservoir yet. It's commonly believed to be one or more species of bat though, for various reasons."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't we naturally regrow tooth enamel? | [
"We do, actually. Your saliva contains dissolved minerals that can 'patch' little bits of wear and tear on your teeth. But it's a very slow process, is usually outpaced by decay, and can't fix anything more than minor damage. The reason we can't regenerate whole teeth is that the cells that produce your teeth die a... | [
"Fluoride doesn't kill bacteria. It strengthens the enamel on your teeth preventing cavities."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does it mean to "draw heat from a burn?" | [
"It's pseudoscientific bullshit. The only thing you ought to do with regard to cooling burns is literally to run them under cool water for a little bit immediately after the burn to actually physically cool it down. You know what the remedy for a burn is? Put some petroleum jelly or aloe on it if you want to, and c... | [
"Because the heat from your head isn't warming the cool side?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Technology:"
} |
Do deaf people think in sign languages? If so, do they see hands making signs in their head? | [
"Have you ever seen a TV program with a sign language interpreter in a bubble in the bottom corner? When I asked once how a Deaf friend thought, that is what he said it was like. Another friend said she just saw hands. A friend who is Deaf and signs, but also knows English really well, said she thinks in either, de... | [
"They're the same thing from my understanding. I believe it's more commonly referred to as 'inner speech' when we're thinking, and 'subvocalization' when we're reading, but subvocalization is what we do whenever we hear a voice in our head, whether its reading or thinking. Auditory hallucinations actually cause mov... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is alcohol so hard on the liver as compared to other substances we ingest on a daily basis? | [
"From [_URL_0_](http://_URL_0_/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-the-body/alcohol-and-your-liver): * Oxidative stress. When our liver tries to break down alcohol, the resulting chemical reaction can damage its cells. This damage can lead to inflammation and scarring as the liver tries to repair i... | [
"If you drink coffee every day to wake yourself up in the morning, you will eventually become addicted. How would this contribute to you becoming addicted to alcohol, tobacco or methamphetamines? They're completely different drugs with different effects, different feelings and, most importantly, different chemistry... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do multi-packs on Amazon often cost more than buying multiple of an individual product? | [
"Could be an issue with the packaging. Depending on the weight of the goods they might have calculated their shipping cost on a bundle to be more since they might have to use a larger box or a different shipping service."
] | [
"They give you less and less for your 0.99 each year, or they discover new ways to squeeze their suppliers. There is a chain of shops in the UK called \"Poundland\" (everything £1) and \"The 99p Store\" (everything £0.99). I can't remember which it is, but they sell multipacks of AA batteries for £1 (or 99p). They ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some foods take 5 minutes to make in the microwave but take much longer to make in the oven? | [
"Microwaves generate heat by vibrating water molecules so quickly that they heat up. The radiation penetrates the food and hits all of it at once. Ovens heat by surrounding the food with hot air, so the inside of the food is heated by the outside of the food being heated by the hot air. In the oven it takes longer... | [
"The defining characteristic of breakfast food is that it cooks quickly with little or no preparation. Think of the foods you just listed. Eggs cook in a couple of minutes. Bacon, out of the fridge, into the pan, no prep. Pancakes, even if you make them from scratch it only takes a few minutes to make the batter an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Nelson Mandela (political) prisoner for 27 years, later elevated as South African President. Can someone of similar background/circumstance achieve President of USA? | [
"Yes. These are the only qualifications for the US presidency 1. be at least 35 years old 2. be a natural-born US citizen 3. A resident of the US for 14 years."
] | [
"He later dedicated his life to non-violent means of resistance and helped to bring about a largely peaceful end to apartheid. Does that make him Gandhi? No. But the end of his story has ended up being more important to his legacy than the beginning."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are private jet passengers exempt from being searched by the TSA? | [
"TSA is there to protect the public. As these jets are private, they don't really search you for weapons and other things that could harm other people cause... well, the people on your jet are people you know and usually don't want to kill."
] | [
"You're supposed to look the same in your picture as you look when you present your ID to someone for inspection. That makes it easier to quickly confirm that you're the same person as in the ID picture. Usually this happens when you're pulled over by the police, going through an airport checkpoint, etc. People usu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do birds fly south for the winter instead of just staying where its warmer all the time? | [
"Two reasons: summer days are longer near the poles compared to the tropics, meaning more time for activity; and springtime sees an absolute explosion of food resources (insect and plant population growth) so the birds that fly back north get access to it, whereas the birds that would stay down south continue havin... | [
"In Fall we return to normal time. So really the point of daylight savings time is to give us extra sun in the summer. If there was no daylight savings time, sundown would be at 7 instead of 8 in the months of June, July, August. Etc. I always thought it would make sense to have daylight savings all the time due to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
how do clouds hold rain and hailstone? | [
"A cloud is water vapor, plain and simple. It's a puff of mist that floats in the air, and nothing more. No other particles besides little droplets of water held up by wind and heat. Rain forms and falls from a cloud when these droplets clump together, usually converging on a speck of dust, and then become too heav... | [
"Clouds weight can vary, but a good sized one can weight 1.1 million pounds. There are 2 primary reasons clouds can be thay heavy and still float. First in terms of composition, clouds will be compromised of millions or billions of tiny ice crystals that by themselves dont have much weight for gravity to bring down... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is it that when you close your eyes in direct sunlight everything looks blue afterward? | [
"When you put a bright white light in front of your finger, you will see your finger glow red. White light contains all the visible wavelengths of light. However, your finger absorbs most of the colors but lets red light penetrate through which is why you see the red glow. The same thing happens with your eyelids. ... | [
"Is it blinking? Probably a plane. Is it not blinking? Probably a satellite. Is it daytime? Probably glaucoma. Have you gone and rubbed your eyes really hard for a minute? Stop doing that. Is it daytime and the dots are moving in waves? You might have parasites in your eye. Is it daytime and you've recently had las... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are independent programmers able to 'mod' a video game to look better than what was originally produced by a professional team with millions of dollars at their disposal? | [
"HD mods usually have pretty high system requirements. Implement them as standard in the original game and you have far less people who are able to play the game on their machines."
] | [
"> Do they use it strictly to hire help for developing the game like additional programmers, artists and whatnot? Do they use it on legal and launching fees? Or is the money they receive like a salary to help them pay for life expenses while they develop the game? All of that, plus any business needs they may have,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do we make our weekend parties run during the hours we normally sleep? Why not party and disco during the hours we are awake every other day of the week? | [
"People in their 20s and early 30s often have to work weekends and may have other errands to run during their days off. By putting the start time late at night you're ensuring that everyone is actually available."
] | [
"It's basically double-dipping during the summer. We love all of those daylight hours, so instead of sleeping through 1-2 hours of sun in the morning, we shift our clocks so we still all wake up as the sun rises and get to enjoy every hour of sunlight. Honestly though, I think we need to drop standard time and just... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Sleep and boredom:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Sleep and boredom:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Freud's Theory of Penis Envy. | [
"Almost all of Freud's theories have been disproven."
] | [
"Next Week's Theme: 'Royalty, Nobility, and the Exercise of Power' To be followed by: \"Eastern Europe\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I'm confused about the whole concept of Effective Altruism. Please give examples! | [
"It's about getting the most bang for your buck. Which sounds a bit callous when put like that, but it's essentially true. It's about using logic, evidence, and reasoning to figure out where your money will do the most good. For example, lets say you want to help the homeless. You have $1000 floating around that yo... | [
"Can you ask your question in a different way? I'm not sure what you mean."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How are Jehovah witnesses considered a cult? | [
"One man's mythology is another man's religion. One man's cult is another man's religious belief. One man's religion is another man's heresy. It's rather subjective."
] | [
"A simplified answer 1. Lots of resources(especially money) 2. Many influential people(eg. celebrities) 3. Lots of devoted people Basically, not much different than the Catholic church but I'm not sure if Scientology can even be considered a religion in a traditional sense. It is by law though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Religion and Crime:"
} |
If distilled water is just evaporated and then re-condensed, why isn't rain pure water? | [
"Because distilled water is theoretically distilled in a controlled environment. There is dust and pollen and smoke and shit in the air and clouds which contaminate rain."
] | [
"I'd like to take this chance to point out something about water... Ever wonder why you pour yourself a glass of water at night, and then it tastes different in the morning? That's because the water has been reacting with the carbon dioxide in the air to form a small amount of carbonic acid! As for the varieties, i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
What would I have to do if I had an amazing business or product idea but had literally not the slightest clue of how to execute it? | [
"Just tell me the details.. hue. Hue. Hue."
] | [
"Investors are investing in you, your ability to make a viable business, not your idea. Ideas are a dime a dozen, but entrepreneurs who are willing to do all the work for half the company are a rare and desirable thing to invest in. They are busy running their investment business, they don't have the time to run yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does pouring vinegar or peeing on jellyfish stings make them feel better? | [
"These cures are fictional. Vinegar may help, but it's more likely it won't. Jellyfish stings are a particularly nasty sort of attack, because it leaves behind its venomous cells to harm you. If you try to cleanse it with freshwater or likely even vinegar, the cells react to this change by pumping out MORE venom t... | [
"I don't know about ant bites. However with the toothpaste if you dab it onto pimples its supposed to dry them out and make them shrink."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why a lot of Americans become so passionate/aggressive about whether they are democrats or republicans. | [
"Lots of people in America are like that too. There's a reason that even our biggest elections have voter turnouts of about 50%. That said, especially at the national level, the two major political parties offer very different packages. While you do have a lot of people who are roughly in the middle, who pick and ... | [
"Russians are homophobic for the same reason that people are racist or anti immigrant. The same reason the Sunnis and Shias have been fighting and the same reason protestants didn't like Catholics. Or what ever religion, the believers versus the non believers, or in the US , democrats versus Republicans. Pick someo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do racing pit stops work in terms of position in the race? | [
"You lose your position, and have to regain it - but of course, the same is true of the other teams as well, so it evens out. Now - if you can get by with one fewer than everyone else, you may have a considerable advantage."
] | [
"The driver is only one member of the race team. Running and maintaining a car that can be competitive is part of the overall race strategy. If your teams car slings a rod at the line, then you lose the race. Also, from a driver perspective, reaction times are incredibly important. During a race, the drivers first ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why are a venomous snake's pupils football shaped, while a nonvenomous snake's pupils are round? | [
"They aren't. Cobras and night adders have round pupils, some non poisonous snakes have slit pupils. Pupil shape is probably more correlated to what time of day they are most active at, with vertical pupils being more associated with nocturnal activity. They may also have links to camouflage. [Source](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"It gives them a wider field of view in bright situations. Many other animals have a similar shape but those tend to have darker irises so you don't notice. A Goat has light coloured eyes, making their slit iris much more noticeable. Cow, sheep, and deer also have horizontal slit pupils."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why don't we have driver's seats in the middle of the car? | [
"To do so you either eliminate the ability to have a front seat passenger (not efficient) or you make the vehicles much much wider to have two front seat passengers (not economical, efficient, or compliant with road safety standards.)"
] | [
"People aren't used to them and are more likely to vomit. They also prefer to see where they're going rather than where they've been. So far, consumer preference has won out over safety in this area. Babies don't buy cars so they get rear-facing seats. I understand that much military transport is the same, particul... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is there no plans to end gerrymandering? | [
"Because very often the same people who'd be in charge of implementing such a plan benefit the most from the gerrymandering. That being said, it is possible. California, for example, now has their districts drawn up by a committee designed to be neutral. How such a system could be implemented in other states varie... | [
"They can and do. Illinois' 4th and Florida's 5th are prime examples of the dems gerrymandering. Unfortunately the only way our government tries to fix gerrymandering is with more gerrymandering. Edit: got my districts mixed up"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do the normal bacteria in our mouth attack out teeth and gums,but those in other parts of the body do not attack those parts? | [
"The bacteria in your mouth are like junkyard dogs. They are there because they are good at breaking down things that are coming into your body, but they are also aggressive and not well-trained. They'll stop someone from stealing stuff from you, but they might also bite your friend they've never met before. Also, ... | [
"Humans are donut shaped. The food inside our bowels is not exactly \"inside our body\". There are lots of bacteria like e.coli that break down food and are good for our intestines, but can cause serious illness if it gets elsewhere in our system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Sometimes I drink more than I can handle. I'll be passing out, ko'ing in the toilets, and puking for hours. Why then, have I never, ever, had my memory impaired. I have never forgotten a night, or "blacked out" | [
"You haven't had a blackout, because you haven't built up a tolerance to alcohol. In order to have a blackout, you have to have a lot of alcohol in your system. If you don't have tolerance, you can't get that much alcohol into your system. You will pass out or throw up before you can get to the limit of tolerance. ... | [
"Everyone will break, it's a matter of time and level of perceived stress and bodily fatigue they are going through at the time. My first 48 hour shift at the hospital did something similar to me. After finally going home I fell asleep only to wake up in a cold shower, and having my parents (whom I lived with) tell... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does getting haircuts make your hair grow better if hair grows from the root | [
"It doesn't really make your hair grow but it removes all the older & damaged hair at the end of the shaft. A split end can spread down the length of the hair & ruin the whole thing."
] | [
"You have a LOT of hair follicles. Each individual hair has a lifespan. It will grow for x amount of time then fall out before a new hair starts growing. The growth of all these hairs is staggered so they aren't all dying at the same time. You are constantly shedding old hairs, it's just more noticeable with longer... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Science:"
} |
Why do old-timey movies and films always look sped up with jerky movements? | [
"Very old films were shot at a variety of frame rates ranging from 16 to 24 frames per second and shown at differing frame rates. When sound was introduced, everyone realized that a standard was needed (speeding up or slowing down sound changes the pitch in ways that are typically not pleasing to the listener). So ... | [
"People tend to favor 24 fps when it comes to movies. The lack of motion blur on higher fps tends to give the film a cheesy soap opera feeling. It should also be noted that quite a lot of movies will have some scenes shot in higher fps if they want that scene to show more detail. For example, incredibly fast paced ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about videogame development:"
} |
When speaking to someone on a cell phone and you hear your own voice echoing back to you, what is causing that? | [
"On the other end, sound emitted from the person's phone is sent through their receiver (the sound loops back to you). This is why if you put two phones really close together and put them on speakerphone, you get a nasty feedback. The initial sound is cycled through both phones, amplifying each time (since its on s... | [
"Because, it does not sound like the voice that they hear when the speak. When we speak, we pick up the sound of our voice from two sources: the air and conducted through our jaw bones to our ears. But, recordings only pick up the first source. So when you hear your voice in play back, it sounds close enough to wha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Language and Communication:"
} |
Why didn't all the heavier molecules, like gold and lead, sink to the center of the Earth when it was in its molten state? | [
"If the Earth was allowed to sit without cooling for long enough then yes, denser liquids would fall to the core. However, consider orange juice. If left long enough the solid will settle on the bottom, but will disperse in the juice if it is shaken, and doesn't separate quickly either. Also consider oil and water,... | [
"While the solar system was forming the different elements that make up the planets today were all mixed together in a giant gas cloud. Over a very long time the gravity of the sun began to pull the heavier denser elements together and toward itself leaving the lighter gases further away from itself. Over more time... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Earth Science:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Earth Science:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
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