query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Where do last names come from? | [
"Many are occupational names. Things like Smith. Many surnames are of occupations that no longer exist and most people would never have heard of. There was a time, and still is in some parts of the world, where your last name is who your father is. Your McDonalds and the like."
] | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is the skin on penises so dark, compared to other parts of the body, like torso and such. | [
"Dermatologist here. There is more melanin in genital skin, in both men and women. Genital pigmentation increases in response to sex hormones. For example, newborn babies have particularly dark genital skin due to the influence of maternal hormones. This pigment gradually fades after birth before returning at puber... | [
"Number of sweat glands, oil glands, and general sensitivity. Skin on your face is a lot more sensitive than your arms or back for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does OJ Simpsons knife being found mean for OJ Simpson? | [
"The ~~firth~~ frith amendment of the united states constitution forbids being tried twice for the same crime. It doesn't matter how much evidence we find that he committed the murder, we could find a video of it or selfies he took during the murder, it wouldn't be constitutional to try him again because he has alr... | [
"OJ Simpson literally wrote a book about it. The victims' families won the profits in a lawsuit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are flames pointy? | [
"A flame rises because it is warmer than the air around it. The cool air rushes in to push the hot air upwards. However, as the air rises it also cools down. It cools down from the outside inwards. A flame glows because it is hot enough to generate light. So as the flame cools down, the parts of it that are hot en... | [
"The sun is also white. It just appears yellow. Next!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is 16:9 the standard ratio for visual media? | [
"TV was 4:3, movies were a variety of aspect ratios, but 2.35:1 was the widest in common use. 16:9 is the average of these two ratios, with both a 4:3 image and a 2.35:1 image taking up the same area on a 16:9 display. Then TV switched to filming in 16:9 to make use of the new screens. Then computers switched becau... | [
"If you are referring to Watching a Movie on your TV is all about aspect ratio. \"Aspect ratio\" is the ratio of the width of a rectangle to its height. The ratio of your TV depends on its Size. The Black Boxes are often added so that instead of stretching or cropping the picture and distorting it, they add the bar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Where did all these different American accents come from and when did they start to form? | [
"The way people speak in Britain has changed *a lot* since Britain started colonising America. So those original colonists didn't have \"British accents\" as they are now. [Here's a video about how Shakespeare would have sounded back then](_URL_0_;). So Americans didn't lose their British accents as such. Their acc... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where does the weight go when burning calories? | [
"It becomes CO2 and H2O. You get rid of CO2 through breathing and H2O through peeing or sweating. If you don't go to toilet and drink the amount of water you lost through perspiration you won't loose 1kg but you won't stay the same weight either. Because H2O stayed in your body but CO2 left."
] | [
"Thinking burns an enormous amount of calories. Read a book."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Do animals get periods and what purpose does it have? | [
"Every mammal will in some way or another, not all bleed like humans but they have the same process."
] | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health and wellness:"
} |
How do they get huge cranes off the top of tall buildings? | [
"Above 200 feet, the cranes, called tower cranes, build themselves. A hydraulic unit is installed when the crane is first built and is pulled into position by the crane itself. The crane then lifts the next section of tower from the ground and onto the hydraulic unit. A team of workers unpins the crane sections... | [
"They are hollow. You walk up stairs or ride a small elevator. At the top there are handholds for climbing the last bit. Source: that's how they replace the light bulbs on the TV station tower I worked at."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what happens when matter stops moving or vibrating. | [
"Heat is just a measure of how much the atoms of whatever it is you're measuring are jiggling. If they're not jiggling at all, they'll be at zero Kelvin."
] | [
"The gravity of earth is stronger than the vacuum of space. One example of an element that is not, is helium. Its too light and after it has been released into the air, it rises and exits out atmosspere (which is why weather balloons use helium). The rest of the elements are too heavy ro escape without propulsion."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:"
} |
How people colorize black and white photos. | [
"Half of it is context and shading, and the other half is guesswork. A picture of someone sitting down in a suit say. You can guess their skin colour by the shade of grey their skin is. If they're asian, white, black, you can then guess an appropriate skin colour. If a solider is wearing a uniform, you can look up ... | [
"What color is the skin of most of the people who make and utilize those drawings? Theres your answer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how far is: 'as far as the eye can see'? | [
"You can see the Andromeda galaxy with the unaided human eye, which is 2.5 million light years away. Standing on the planet Earth, the horizon is about 4.7 kilometers away, depending on elevation or obstruction, but you can also see clouds or mountains that are past the horizon."
] | [
"How come is short for 'how does it come about, that...'"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Language:"
} |
How do apps like Instagram sharpen your photos using their own filters? | [
"The filter looks for small changes in the image and increases them. For example imagine you have a string of color values: 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 1, 2 The filter might set a threshold of 3 and below which it will ignore, but anything larger than that it will amplify by 5. So you end up with a string like this:... | [
"The main product that Google is selling is me and you. Their business is all about learning as much as they can about you and then selling that to advertisers. We are the product they monetize through ad sales. The same can be said for Facebook, probably to a larger degree. So your photos tell an awful lot about y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why does an IUD (Intra-Uterine Device) cost so much? | [
"There's an old aesop about a man with a broken furnace who calls a repairman: the repairman comes, looks at the furnace, kicks it, and says \"That'll be $100\" and the man says \"What?! No way in hell I'm paying you $100 just to kick my damn furnance!\" and the repairman says \"No sir, it's only $10 to kick the fu... | [
"Some birth control methods are hormonal, they sort of \"trick\" the body into thinking it's already pregnant. As a result, the hormones can cause bloating, acne breakouts and/or depression. For long-term birth control, consider a copper IUD. An IUD is a small device that can be easily inserted into (and removed fr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How did the cigarette evolve into what it is today with so many harmful chemicals in it? | [
"They really didn't. If you burn anything organic, it is going to give off a mess of technically harmful chemicals. Cigarettes have about as many of them as your average campfire. Cigarettes are bad for you, no doubt, but the whole 538 toxic chemicals thing is just misleading propaganda."
] | [
"They don’t lace their products with thousands of chemicals. Almost all of those chemicals are natural components of the tobacco leaf or products of its combustion. The number of chemicals is a red herring, anyway. Why should the number matter? What matters is the effects they have on the human body. And yes, in th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can we not/do we not store and reuse as much expended energy in cars as possible? | [
"First two ideas that spring to mind: 1 - added financial expense to the vehicle makes it less likely to sell compared with competition. 2 - added weight from all the didgeridoos mentioned, resulting in increased fuel consumption and therefore lower efficiency at best equal to the energy regained but probably not."... | [
"How do you intend to use the cool air to produce electricity? You can convert electrical energy into cool air easily enough, what efficient way is there to convert it back into electrical energy? Is is more efficient than other storage methods?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why the island of Britain is called 'Great Britain'? | [
"\"Larger Britain\", from Medieval Latin Britannia Maior, first recorded by Geoffrey of Monmouth, who employed it to distinguish the island from Britannia Minor (\"Little Britain\") or Brittany in modern France. _URL_0_"
] | [
"England is at the bottom, below Scotland and to the Right of Wales. It is one country. Great Britain and Britain are the same thing and mean the collection of England, Scotland and Wales. The UK is Britain plus Northern Ireland. The full name is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or for the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Geography:"
} |
why do we measure in half-life and not 'life'? | [
"Because if you're dealing with something which decays away at a steady rate, halving each half-life, then you can't really ever say it's finished its full \"life\" - at least not easily. It wouldn't, for example, be twice as long as the half-life. Twice the half-life would leave a quarter of the original material ... | [
"I think you got it mixed up volts should be width (potential) amp should be speed (current) good explanation though"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
The differences between the C.E.O., C.O.O, the President and the owner of a company. | [
"Ok, in the strict legal sense the only two of these terms that exist (this of course depends on where exactly you live) is the CEO and whoever owns the company. COO, CFO and the like all have roles, but these roles essentially come down to whatever the business wants them to be. The CEO is the highest ranking pers... | [
"- The Board of Directors is elected by the shareholders. They are in charge of key strategic decisions for the company - The Chairman of the Board is \"in charge\" of the board of directors. He will often lead BoD meetings and have more direct interaction with the company day to day - The Chief Executive Officer (... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What happened with the dot com bubble in 2000? | [
"The internet was new and exciting. Nobody new exactly how well all these new internet based companies were going to do in terms of profitability (bottom line and top). So the stock prices of these new and not yet profitable corporations were very high in terms of forward price/earnings (price of a single share bas... | [
"Print too much money, lower interest rates to a stupid number like 0% People take too much debt because of free money Bubbles in stocks, real estate, etc Free money runs out, interest rates rise People can't pay back debts, sells stuff Bubble pops See: 1929, 1987, 2000, 2008, 2015?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do certain smells like garlic stick to your fingers so well, even after washing, and some don't? | [
"Not everything is soluble in water. Garlic, it seems can be removed by citric acid so washing your hands in lemon juice usually works. Similarly, the capsicum in chillies is also not soluble in water but it *is* soluble in fat so drinking milk with a hot Indian or Mexican meal is better than water or beer for soot... | [
"It has to do with the anatomy of your nose. There are scent receptors in your nose that can get saturated when being exposed to the same smell over and over again through a period of time. Its essentially the same thing that happens when you first spray perfume on your self, you can sense it for a while but then y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is a slam dunk more apreciated than a 3 points shot in basketball ? | [
"Apart from being farther from the goal, there's nothing particularly fancy about a 3-point shot. It's a jump shot like 99% of all other shots. A slam dunk, however is more of a spectacle. It also usually involves one player drastically out-performing the defender(s). There is a mental or psychological component of... | [
"I am no expert here, by far, but, it seems like the backboard is another unnecessary step in getting the ball in the hoop. If you can get the ball to go directly into the hoop why would you try and make it bounce off something before going into the hoop. The fewer steps the better right? I also know it's kind of a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If Jupiter is a gaseous planet, then is it possible to land a rocket there? | [
"It would take on a semi-fluid consistency as you entered it. The deeper you went towards the core the denser it would get and the harder it would be to move forward. Eventually the force of buoyancy pushing against the ship would be equivalent to the force of gravitational attraction the ship felt, and it would co... | [
"It has an atmosphere that is extremely dense and hot enough to melt lead, which is a handicap to explorer vehicles. Mars is a lot more forgiving."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The circulation of money. | [
"Correct me if I'm wrong, but the OP is not asking how fresh physical money is introduced into circulation, but rather how a greater number of dollars is introduced into the system. For example, if the GDP of the US in 1980 was $2.7 trillion and the GDP in 2010 was $14.5 trillion, where did that extra $12 trillion ... | [
"Just ownership and soft influence, not direct control of a specific fraction of the employees or business decisions. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Is "squeaky clean" a legitimate way to find the cleanliness of something? What causes the squeak? | [
"Greases and oils prevent squeakiness. Generally, an important part of cleaning something is removing greases and oils. So squeakiness indicates that they are gone and that the thing is clean in that way at least. EDIT: On hardwood floors, fine-grained dirt also prevents squeakiness by sliding around, so squeakines... | [
"I think I remember a similar question asked a while back on this sub. Don't quote me, but I think the top answer was something along the lines of the brain mistaking your current experiance for a memory."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How can a wireless carkey just work on one car? | [
"Each key transmits a code that's recognised by the car."
] | [
"You use a timer, or they provide a mechanism such as a blu-tooth control, to communicate with the device. Presumably you can learn the specifics of a particular brand by looking any of them up on the internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is there a reason parents tend to speak in the third person to their young children? | [
"Children really do tend to have issues with things like pronouns. Because they're words that don't always mean the same thing. It takes time to learn that \"I\" and \"you\" and \"he\" and \"she\" are understand by context. Whereas \"mommy\" is just \"mommy\" like \"cookie\" is just \"cookie.\" Its a skill we overl... | [
"We're not 100% sure on that one, but it is apparently a cultural thing. Not all cultures do this, some don't change tone of voice around children while others completely ignore babies and don't talk to them. So it appears to be a learned behavior. One theory states that we change our pitch around children because ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can we stay in the 100C° sauna for a few minutes, but can't take the heat if your shower water is a little bit too hot? | [
"Water conducts heat more efficiently than air. That's why when it's a \"dry heat\" 100 is easier to handle than when it's humid, and why 100 inside a sauna is that much hotter than just a humid day as there is that much more water in the air. By the time you get to just straight-up water spraying against you it's ... | [
"Depends how hot I guess? Burns are possible, and happens to small kids all the time when kids are put into too hot baths. It's best to just run it to a comfortable temperature."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why isn't Corporate Raiding Illegal? | [
"Do you mean hostile take overs? Because the opposing party legally buys up a lot of stock to gain control. It's hostile in the sense that the CURRENT equity owners aren't really all that for it... but if a third party becomes the biggest equity holder that picture changes."
] | [
"Extreme incompetence or criminal negligence. Take your pick!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do meal combinations become "boring" and unpleasant over time? | [
"Our bodies need a lot of different things in order to be healthy. Vitamins, minerals, etc. Different foods may have different toxins that the body has to deal with and expel, or it may have different vitamins that are absorbed differently and that enhance or inhibit absorption (ie: vitamin C and iron... calcium a... | [
"It's pretty simple, unhealthy food is cheaper than healthy food."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When a bank goes bankrupt where does all the money from people's accounts go? | [
"It is gone. It is no different than loaning your broke friend your car only to have it stolen. The bank is responsible for your money, but if they don't have it, they don't have it. A government might insure that money, or might choose to bank the bank out with taxpayer money. The US federal government insures dep... | [
"It's when everyone decides to withdraw all their money at the same time. It can bankrupt the bank (make it completely run out of money), because they have loaned out some of the money for mortgages, business loans, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why does toilet water lower when it's a windy day? | [
"There's a vent system connected to your plumbing. Its purpose is to keep air pressure neutral in your plumbing, so that the bad stuff can go down freely, and to make sure it doesn't come back up into your fixtures (toilets refilling with waste or fumes). However, if it's a windy day, you can have air pressure chan... | [
"I'm hoping you are talking about in the toilet bowl, in which it is caused by temperature difference. If your pee stream is foam you need to get to a doctor like yesterday."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why, especially when looking at the night sky, are objects sometimes more in focus in our periphery then if we look directly at them? | [
"There are two kinds of receptor cells in your eyes, called rods and cones. The cones are for colour, but need more light, while the rods are for black and white and need less light. They're also not evenly distributed, you have more cones in the center of your vision and more rods at the periphery. So at night, y... | [
"If you take your arm and stick it straight to your right, you can probably see it way out to the side. Directly in front of them they still have peripheral vision, but their vision is more suited to seeing as many predators around them as possible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does it take to put the "Based on a true story" label on a movie? | [
"There's no organization that enforces this sort of thing. Fargo said it was based on a true story even though it was entirely fiction."
] | [
"Ever watch the credits at the end of a video game or movie? That's where"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How was the first computer created? | [
"Depends on what you define as a computer. Mechanical computers have existed for a very long time. I assume you mean digital computers. Back in the late 40s it was discovered that If you solder pieced of particular elements together in a particlar way you can create switches that turn on and off electronically. The... | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
As a kid, tv shows showed treasure chests to be large. In reality, how big was a traditional 1600-1700's treasure chest? | [
"The facts are that there is no such thing as a \"treasure chest\" and various valuable goods were stored in all manner of containers. A strongbox designed to hold gold coins or bullion for example would be no larger than shoe box sized, because a shoe box full of gold is around 100lbs of gold Edit: A 12\" x 6\" x ... | [
"Gold is actually hard to get so the gold part of the ring would be expensive. But diamonds are more common than emeralds and sapphires in real life and you can get a nice emerald ring for around 200-300 bucks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are old scrapped planes worth up to hundreds of thousands of dollars, and retired ones millions? | [
"A 747 weighs about 400,000 pounds. I don't know how much just the airframe weighs, but let's say half, for 200,000 pounds. Aluminum is about 0.75/lb, so just based on raw materials that's $150,000. And the airframe is probably made out of more expensive alloys, not \"vanilla\" aluminum , plus steel and titanium."
... | [
"First rule of economics whenever there is more of something it is worth less. Imagine there millions of autographed Babe Ruth baseballs, they wouldn't be worth much. Since there are so few, they are worth hundreds of thousands"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Pouring molten aluminium mishap, what exactly happens here? | [
"There was some amount of moisture still in the mold. The water got super heated and the escaping steam caused the molten aluminum to pop."
] | [
"Molten rock is what is in the centre of our earth where it's very, very, hot. Pressure within the volcano builds and eventually erupts. No one \"makes\" lava, it's a natural product"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do animals have different running styles? | [
"Well all animals have different body types and their bone structures vary and that means that their joints will vary. For example. A dog is not nearly as muscular as a Cheetah and it's legs aren't as long either (with a few exceptions eg:greyhounds) and that means that their run is going to look different. Their s... | [
"Why are noses different in size, why are people different heights, why do we have different hair colors?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:"
} |
Why do senators need to investigate comcast for datacaps/creating monopolies when all the information seems to be publicly available and common knowledge? | [
"You need someone to compile and analyze the data from different sources, determine which are accurate, compare it to other businesses, and determine how this relates to the law. Things can look a bit sketchy and still be legal, or look benign on first glance but turn out to be illegal on closer investigation."
] | [
"Well considering that the ISPs hold all the cards it's a different game. In a lot of markets there is only one choice for broadband service. And if netflix withheld content it would not be a problem for the ISPs as much as the consumers that are members of netfilx. The ISPs have nothing to lose by holding companie... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How come goldfish do not die from being isolated in the confinements of an average sized fishbowl? | [
"A bowl is a horrible place for any fish. A proper aquarium needs filtration and ample surface area for oxygen exchange. Fish in bowls usually don't live out more than 2 years. A goldfish especially needs at least 10-15gallon sized aquarium. Goldfish are more demanding than other similar sized fish. An adult ... | [
"It's a myth. Fish don't grow to the size of their tank. Their growth may be somewhat stunted by things like poor water quality due to the undersized tank, but they don't magically adjust their growth to fit the size of the container, and in any case, it's a serious health issue and not something that should be con... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why ice in a beverage stays in the same position when the glass is turned. | [
"Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon an outside force. So you have ice floating in a liquid in a glass. Ice has a low coefficient of friction, meaning it's slippery. ... | [
"> Is it because the North Pole is seemingly much more contained and the effects are only see at its accompanying shorelines? The North Pole ice is floating in the water. Ice in water melting does not change sea levels, because it displaces as much water as ice as it will as more water. You can see this by making a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Food and Beverage:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Food and Beverage:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Does terrorism work? | [
"This question has a lot of unadressed assumptions that the answer depends on (define: terrorism, work), but broadly speaking the answer is: Yes, sometimes. Let's take the most famous act of terrorism in recent memory: 9/11. Al Qaeda's stated goal was to get the U.S. to invade a bunch of Muslim countries, become bo... | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is the difference between a "nautical mile" and just a mile? | [
"They are different amounts of distance. A nautical mile is one minute of latitude (1/60 of a degree of latitude), which by coincidence is similar to a mile, hence the name. It's actually about 1.15 miles."
] | [
"If you represent the earth as a circle containing 360 degrees, a nautical mile would be one minute (1/60) of a degree. A knot is one nautical mile per hour, or one minute of a degree per hour. Very useful."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do predominately Muslim neighbourhoods not have different levels of conservativeness/orthodoxy, like Jewish and Christian neighbourhoods do? | [
"That's a matter of perception. Do British folks make an effort to go learn about those communities and socialize with the people? Probably not. That would lead to misconceptions."
] | [
"It has everything to do with access to a diverse public sphere in which a variety of ideas is valued, and is also correlated to education and poverty. The most religious places tend to be more rural, more insulated, less educated, poorer, and more racially and culturally homogeneous. The least religious places are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do scientists determine whether or not animals see in colour or black and white? | [
"In the backs of your eyes there are things called cones and rods. They are responsible for you being able to see colors. The more rods and cones you have, the more color you see. The same for the opposite. Scientists can check other animals eyes to see how many they have, and thats how they can tell"
] | [
"The receptors in our eyes come in two types: rods and cones. Only cones can see different colors of light, but only work in bright conditions. Rods can see in lower levels of light, but cannot distinguish between colors. So when it is dark, there is not enough light to activate your cones and register any colors."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do people say reading in the dark(or dim lighting) will hurt my eyes? | [
"No, that won't happen, the least it can do for you is make you a bit sleep deprived the next day and eye strain, so read away! SOURCE:_URL_0_"
] | [
"That's actually a myth. People always think that your eyes go bad because you're too close to the screen. In all actuality, you're just sitting close to the screen because your eyes are bad. Sitting close to the TV causes strain on your eyes but it wont make them get worse. Getting older does that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
if we all know about the De Beers diamond marketing plan and the shadiness of their business, why we don't just boycott them and stop buying diamond rings for marriage? | [
"> if we all know Plenty of people *don't* know. Then even if you do know logically, lots of people do not buy things based on logic. Marketing is all about trying to make us make irrational decisions (not that our brain really needs the help there). If you've build up diamonds to have a certain image of being 'TH... | [
"I wouldn't say 'no value'. Diamonds have certain industrial uses. But yes, the whole \"diamond is forever\" and diamond supply is controlled to ensure scarcity. It's good to see that it's more and more common that people don't have a diamond in their wedding bands."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is a tomato considered a vegetable when in reality it is a fruit? | [
"\"Vegetable\" is not a botanical term. It is a culinary term and what gets called a vegetable is determined by how it is used in cooking. Tomatoes, zucchini, squash, etc are used in main dishes and side dishes that are savory instead of dishes that are sweet or desserts. As such they are vegetables."
] | [
"There's two different sets of meanings for \"fruit\" and \"vegetable\". Biologically, a \"fruit\" is the part of a plant that makes seeds while \"vegetable\" is just any part of a plant. Fruits can be sweet or not. In a culinary sense, we call things that are sweet 'fruits' and other stuff 'vegetables'. In this se... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does anti-venom render venom useless so quickly? | [
"Venom is like a bunch of evil LEGO pieces that are designed to fit into critical spots on your cells (nerve, blood, etc). Antivenin is a collection of antibodies, which physically attach to the venom molecules like sticking more LEGO to them. The result is that the venom can no longer fit into the spots in your ce... | [
"The side effects from taking anti-venom can be severe, including serum sickness, shortness of breath, and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis. Paraphrased from Wikipedia, they have sources. There's also the economic problem: Anti-venom is expensive. And then there's the logical problem: People will often have... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What color is a mirror if it's always reflecting when we look at it? | [
"An argument can be made that a mirror is more green than anything, considering that the wavelength for the color green takes the longest to filter out. Try putting a mirror up to a mirror to create the infinity effect. You'll notice a green twinge the farther into infinity you look. Or you could just call it silv... | [
"Because it is a mirror, not a television. It is only reflecting the light it receives, so it is almost the same as just looking at the tree, except mirrored of course."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
why and when clothes went from being used for warmth and protection, to it being socially unnaceptable not to wear them in public? | [
"Well for starters that's not the case in all human cultures. For those where it is, the answer almost certainly predates written history, but if i can speculate a little; when humans expanded into cooler regions , wearing clothes became the rule rather then the exception. Not wearing clothes, would carry increased... | [
"* people choose to be seen in swimwear, being seen in underwear is often the result of an accident * swimwear is opaque, underwear often is not * swimwear has thicker materials with linings that obscure the details of what they cover * part of the purpose of underwear is to absorb various bodily fluids and secreti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are cars acceleration most often measured with 0-60 why 60 | [
"It is actually 62.14 mph which is equivalent to 100 km/h. That is a common max highway speed and a point at which drag starts to get prominent. It is also a speed that most cars can get to without too many gear changes. So it is a measure of the pure acceleration of the car without testing its overall configuratio... | [
"Most engines are designed to be optimized for those rpm ranges. Also, wind resistance. It increases exponentially, so the extra resistance between 100-110 is less than between 140-150."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If space is a vacuum, what does it mean to say that it has a shape (i.e. "curved")? | [
"You're thinking of \"space\" as a *location*. As in, outer-space. Inter-planetary space. When we say \"space\" in the context you're asking about we mean *all* of it - including the Earth, the moon, the stars, etc. They all -- and really, everything -- exists in space. When you walk down the street, you're moving... | [
"The fabric of spacetime is never truly \"empty.\" According to quantum mechanics, \"empty\" space has a zero point energy that is non-zero, which is to say empty space actually has energy. Also, the absence of matter does not mean spacetime doesn't exist. Spacetime is a term that generally refers to the universe ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Physics:"
} |
does easter come from the word east? | [
"Kind of. Easter and East both come from the same root word, which meant \"toward the sunrise\". From the [Online Etymology Dictionary](_URL_2_): > Easter (n.) > Old English *Easterdæg*, from *Eastre* (Northumbrian *Eostre*), from Proto-Germanic **austron*-, \"dawn,\" also the name of a goddess of fertility and... | [
"Easter is a celebration of resurrection and an echo of the fertility festivals of the prechristian era. Rabbits are prolific breeders and so are honored in this season. The easter bunny deposits eggs which are another symbol of new life and resurrection after a long winter. Source: i don't know, i am just a guy wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does the Double Jeopardy Clause exist? | [
"It is to ensure that they can't be retried over and over in the same court until they finally give up and give a guilty/not guilty verdict. You can appeal and send it up the chain of command if new evidence comes to light and you think it would win you the case, but that's a totally different courtroom."
] | [
"The President can Veto Legislation Passed by Congress. Congress can Impeach the President. The President Appoints Judges to the Supreme Court who must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court can Overturn Legislation passed by Congress and signed by the President. No one Branch has all the Power. There is a Bal... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can a low-cost airline pays for everything by selling tickets at really low prices? | [
"Flying in and out of smaller airports, cutting service to the bare minimum, and doing things like charging for in-flight meals."
] | [
"The golden age of air travel was also the golden age of family road trip vacations. The services were caused by minimum price regulations that placed a very high minimum price for a flight (a low priced flight across the country cost the equivalent of about $1500 today). Because it costs far less than $1500 to fly... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is a physical standard still needed for the kilogram? | [
"we can't cross check. it doesn't work that way. we need to have one standard, or one equation describing what kilogram is. we need to find a way, maybe by ideal sphere of atoms and then counting them, or by something different. and AFAIK it's not losing mass."
] | [
"It's originally designed this way. Units in the SI system are all defined by certain basic quantities, like a liter of water or one Kelvin, or one meter and so on. ex: a kilocalorie (a calorie to all dieters) is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one liter of water by one kelvin. So it's rig... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are football shoulder pads so much smaller today than they were in the 80s and 90s? | [
"With new technology (some of the new Nike pads I know have different material now than they did four years ago) they can make smaller shoulder pads. This is better for running backs because it's easier for them to avoid tackles and getting caught. Our coach would always give our linemen the wider ones so they coul... | [
"I'm no expert, but look how much athletes have improved in the past 40-50 years alone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is braille a bunch of dots instead of the actual letters? | [
"It is just a whole lot easier for your finger to distinguish a bunch of dots (especially over time when the dots get worn) than to distinguish a B from a P from a D from an E."
] | [
"They read by memorizing the spelling of the word and translate the whole word into either a picture in their head or the sign. Because many cannot hear the sounds (mainly the profoundly deaf) they have to memorize everything, thus making it harder for them to read as there is only so much you can memorize without ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the LOTR movies get special long directors cuts but yet none of the Star Wars movies have any? | [
"One difference is that the LOTR movies were based on very popular books that many people have read. They had to cut out parts of the story to keep the movie to the target length, but the director's cut includes a lot more details from the books that they wanted to include but couldn't. The Star Wars movies weren't... | [
"Star wars has turned into one of the largest Expanded Universes in today's fiction. The number of books and other media related to star wars proves that people like it. And you'll notice that the prequel star wars films are not on that list, because they were awful, even though they had better cgi. There is more t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is Puerto Rico not a US State? | [
"To become a State a region of the world (any region of the world theoretically) must vote among themselves to become a State. Then they must formally present the US Congress with the request to become a State, proof that they voted to become a State, and any other information that Congress may ask for at the time... | [
"Because Google is American, and the US doesn't recognize Palestine as a nation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is Washington D.C, and why is it the capital if it is not even a state. | [
"The national capital is intentionally not a state, because any state which was also the national capital would have undue influence in national politics. So they took land from several states sort of near the middle of the (important original) states, and made a little district to have the capital city in."
] | [
"It's not the same thing. England is a country. The United Kingdom is a country made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Britain and Great Britain is the island on which England, Scotland and Wales is on. You've basically asked the equivalent of asking an American why the US has so many different n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Geography:"
} |
Why is it so hard to see snow features in low light? | [
"It's a matter of contrast. In low light, your eyes aren't as good as distinguishing/seeing different colours. (Try for yourself, at night or in the dark, you only see black and white.) So, because your ability to see different colours is 'worse', it means that the difference in shade of the flat snow and any featu... | [
"Because we can't see very well in it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we have morals? | [
"You kinda got the point. I think it's in the evolution better to say in brain. So that certain paths of thinking are more likely to be gone through. Because threats to the human existance (drastically speaking) are just less likely to populate because if people see that you are a bad person they dont want to have ... | [
"Why in God's name would a 5 year old want to know about Quantum Gravity?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why lawyers always give a disclaimer that they are not offering legal advice (even when it seems that they are offering some kind of advice that concerns legal matters). | [
"Because they don't want to be your lawyer. If you stated in court that he has adviced you, they might somehow make him your designated lawyer or something like that, which they don't like at all. I explain it a bit badly, but it was somewhere in reddit once explained by one. edit: also, they want to make sure you ... | [
"If you have a company threatening to take legal action against you, you should be asking a lawyer rather than Reddit. The people of Reddit are largely not legal experts (and you have no way of verifying the status of those who claim they are), and relying on them for legal advice could cause you a lot of trouble i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- When people rack up insane amounts of debt (~$500k) in medical bills, what happens? What if they end up dying anyway? | [
"Bankruptcy would be likely. Medical expenses are the leading cause of bankruptcy. If you owed less, you could probably negotiate a payment plan with the provider. It could take years, even decades to pay off. > What if they end up dying anyway? Your estate would still owe that money. Your creditors would liquidat... | [
"People usually pay significantly more due to interest than a loan is originally worth. This allows the relatively minor loss of money to be offset by the deceased's prior interest, as well as the interest of other debtors. It's not like the majority of the population dies with 100k debts on their shoulders. Also, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Finance:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Finance:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is nationalism/patriotism seen as a good thing in the USA, but is seen as a bad thing in Europe? | [
"The U.S. has yet to experience for itself consequences of nationalism gone too far. Europe has had two devastating wars as a result of nationalism (gross oversimplification, but nationalism was definitely a major contributing factor). In contrast, the World Wars didn't damage the American homeland."
] | [
"Globalist, or globalism. Generally it's used pejoratively though, as most people who talk about globalism do so in the negative. Personally, I consider myself a globalist in a positive sense, but it's not a popular view. People generally consider their culture and way of life to be superior to the rest of the worl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Political Science:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Political Science:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Does inbreeding lead to a higher likelihood of mutations? If so, why? If not, why do people think so? | [
"Not sure what Johnny Knoxville's article states, but there has been scientific studies conducted upon human subjects and there is a significant increase in the manifestation of congenital defects as a result of inbreeding. It's because all of our genomes have some harmful genes in them, but we don't feel the effec... | [
"A trait of sickle-cell Anemia is that it makes the people that have it resistant to Malaria. Now, under normal conditions, having sickle-cell Anemia would be a purely negative trait. However, in areas where Malaria is common, such as sub-Saharan Africa, having Sickle Cell Anemia might actually improve your chances... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What was the difference between the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army (NVA)? | [
"View cong were \"irregular\" guerilla fighters that recruited from the south Vietnamese population. They were not officially part of any government and weren't all that concerned with things like uniforms and formal rank. The NVA was a \"regular\" military force under the direct control of the north Vietnamese gov... | [
"1. US dispersed the Agent Orange, not the Vietnamese. 2. We started the war with a glass flag attack in the Gulf of Tonkin, giving us an excuse to invade the country out of fears the pro-communist faction fighting against the democratic faction may win."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are trick plays in American Football so rare? | [
"Trick plays do not have a terribly high chance of success, and usually put the team in a bad position if the play fails. So they are pretty rarely used and mostly reserved for last-ditch attempts."
] | [
"Americans certainly don't think of Soccer as feminine. The only reason you might have heard that is because women's soccer is more popular than men's (our women's teams are more successful). Football is simply more popular because the national organizations for football were successful before the national organiza... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Sports and Advertising:"
} |
If humans are considered so intelligent, why does it take them so long to walk(even crawl) compared to other animals? | [
"The trade off for great inteligence is a slow growing brain. A womans birth canal could nevr pass a head with an adult size brain so we are born with incomplete brains. With the exceptions of preditors most animals are born knowing almost everything they need to know and theire brain need little further growth. If... | [
"Why haven't humans evolved to hunt as well as the Orca whale? Why haven't humans evolved to have the speed of the Cheeta? Why haven't humans evolved to have the longevity of the Mosquito? Why haven't humans evolved to have the < whatever > of the < insert animal here > ? It is all about having the right traits to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did black pepper become the most ubiquitous spice? | [
"The Romans liked it, and our whole civilization is about trying to be like the Romans, but more so."
] | [
"Reason # 1 : Food spoils more quickly in hot climates. Spices are preservatives. Reason #2 : Not many edible and spicy plants in colder climates."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is water a base component for life on earth? | [
"Because water is somewhat of a universal solvent and it's used in all living things to make up some cellular matter and it's used to transport substances throughout the organism's body, such as how photosynthetic matter is transported through the plant etc.. Plus it's used it most metabolic reactions too. When we ... | [
"It isn't just water, there are trace minerals added to affect taste."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
What causes the monsoon season in India+Nepal? | [
"Wind is air that moves from a place with higher pressure to a place with lower pressure. During summer months, sunlight heats up both the sea and land. But since land absorbs heat better, land get heated up to a higher temperature than sea. So the air above land is at a higher temperature, thus the air expands mor... | [
"The Coriolis Effect. The way the Earth spins causes winds around high pressure systems to flow clockwise, and winds around low pressure systems to flow counter-clock wise in the Northern Hemisphere. The opposite is true in the Southern Hemisphere."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does nobody like nickleback? | [
"Too catchy to ignore, too generic to like."
] | [
"This is why we can't have nice things :( ."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do Banks ask if anyone in my family holds an important/influential political position in another country? | [
"It's federal law, we have to ask the question. shadow776 has it correct, it's part of the the Patriot Act. To quote the relevant part of the law (Section 312): \" The final rule requires the application of enhanced scrutiny to private banking accounts maintained for senior foreign political figures. Enhanced scr... | [
"Federal jobs require a citizen. You also have to be a citizen to hold certain positions in the military."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What effect does catnip have on a cat and which drug(s) would a human have to take to experience the same reaction? | [
"Catnip operates through smell. Unlike insufflated drugs for human recreation (which still need to enter the bloodstream) the smell of nepetelactone (a chemical in catnip) triggers a psychoactive response simply from perception. The effects vary between kitties, from drowsiness to paranoia and aggression. Many cats... | [
"Psychoactive chemicals react with receptors in your brain and cause processes which produce pleasure. As a matter of fact, drinking does make you happier."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
The difference between a crime/misdemeanor/felony etc. | [
"Basically a misdemeanor is considered a less serious offense, and a felony is more serious. Specifically a felony is usually considered a crime that is punishable by 1 or more years in prison, while a misdemeanor is punishable by less than a year. In addition, being convicted of a felony brings with it some addi... | [
"Hes facing charges of rape, kidnapping and murder. My assumption is each rape is charged seperately."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come that the minimum age to have a dating profile is 18, when age of consent is 16? | [
"Apart from consent issues and facilitating child sex trafficking under the federal statutes (under which anyone under 18 is considered a minor), you have to be 18 to be able to validly execute a legally-binding contract. So, most websites offering a service (like a dating site) are going to require someone to be 1... | [
"Yes. In both situations. Federal law for pornography is 18 nationwide in the USA. Consent is to actually physically sleep with said person, which generally isn't possible across state lines."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do they program the games which play chess and why isn't it considered as AI? | [
"It's not considered AI because as someone said, it's not learning and altering its behaviour based on your moves. It's checking the current board state of the game every turn, and based on that situation it chooses the best position to place a piece. All it's doing is it's pre-turn checks and finding the best fit.... | [
"The goal of AI in a computer game is to make the computer opponent look and feel realistic. The computer most certainly knows where you are in the video game, but may opt not to use that information in order to make the situation more believable/realistic. If the AI reacts to you instantaneously and knows where yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are cigarette companies and pharmaceutical companies against drug legality? Wouldn't legal drugs open up new markets for them, providing a chance for monetary growth? | [
"You talking about weed? Probably because almost everybody has the know how to grow weed and it's not patented."
] | [
"Because tobacco is too mainstream to ban it outright. Partly, tobacco farms and the tobacco industries are pretty huge, and have a lot of money and lobbyists. And partly because there are a lot of smokers. Like the prohibition of alcohol in the 1920's, banning cigarettes will basically just create a black market f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
I found these notes on a spay at the animal shelter I work at. Can someone explain them? | [
"Surgery: cut open the middle of the belly. Took the right ovary out of the body, clamped and tied it off, then cut the tissue that connects it. Repeat on right side; grabbed the part where the uterus meets the fallopian tubes and lifted it so I could see the main part of the uterus. Clamped and tied off the uterus... | [
"As someone who has been bedridden for the past 2 days, I would love to know the answer to this."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
When cells get frozen water crystals form and destroy the cells. How come that frozen sperm and eggs are still viable after being frozen? | [
"Flash freezing prevents crystal from forming. Instead the internal drops so rapidly that the cells freeze whole with no crystaline or cellular change minus liquids becoming solids."
] | [
"Freezing is generally bad for a few reasons, it stops the flow of blood, it alters the rate of reactions within cells, but most importantly, ice crystals are sharp, and they tend to burst cells when they turn the mostly water in them to mostly ice. Some plants and animals can resist this effect using antifreeze pr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do Nerf Darts and the like stick better when wet? | [
"It is due to the pressure created between the dart's \"sticky\" end and between the surface it is sticking on. The water helps create a better suction because of the way the molecules within the water interact. This helps create a greater tension between the surface and the dart, hence making it stick better when ... | [
"The holes allow the air to flow through them. If it was flat, the air that builds up on the face would push the fly out of the way. At least that's how I understand it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What are those drops of water you feel land on you out of nowhere sometimes? | [
"Maybe a silly question but do you actually see wetness when it happens? It might just be a type of physical nerve sensation."
] | [
"So our souls don't fly out of our mouths from fright."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Biology:"
} |
Why can't we repopulate lands and deserts with trees with all the technologies we have available these days? | [
"We can, but it is expensive and would have a lot of other effects that we don't want. For example, sand blowing across the ocean from the Sahara is responsible for replenishing the soil of the Amazon. So, even if we can, it might not be a good idea."
] | [
"We aren't running out of natural resources. That used to be an argument for environmentalism, but it died in the 70's or 80's with studies that showed there's tons of oil left in the ground and plentiful natural resources for a long time. The problem is that we are destroying our global ecosystems with fossil fuel... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why can't humans learn to speak an animal's language? | [
"Because animals (with very few and highly debated exceptions) don't have language in the sense we talk about."
] | [
"So would a French dog be able to \"speak\" to an English dog? Or do they have their own \"languages\" too?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did astronauts get off of the Moon? | [
"Like [this](_URL_0_) - They landed in that thing as if it was one big piece, but the top part used the bottom part as a launching pad when it was time to leave."
] | [
"The Soviets landed an unmanned probe on the moon 10 years before we landed a human. So, we knew that we wouldn't sink in or burn up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How can land on moon and Mars be sold? | [
"Nope. Not legitimate. No one can buy or sell any land that's not on earth. It's just like all those \"name a star\" scams.. Not legitimate, not official, nothing but a pretty piece of paper."
] | [
"Has to do with rotation, but also because the Moon Nazis want to keep their base hidden on the Far Side."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Astronomy:"
} |
Why don't we have a national DNA Database? | [
"same reason why we don't have a federal id. the constitution limits the power of the federal gov't."
] | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we sometimes feel more awake with little sleep, but feel more sleepy after a lot of sleep? | [
"This has been discussed on reddit before, but it has to do with natural sleep cycles. We each have natural sleep cycles; the common theory seems to be that most of us have natural sleep rhythms that occur in roughly 90 minute cycles. If you interrupt this cycle, you feel less refreshed and groggy. If you wake at t... | [
"Not all sleep is created equal. There are plenty of people who don't feel well rested after 8 hours of sleep. These people take a nap during the day so they don't spend the whole day tired. You sleep when you're tired, simple as that. So, it's subjective. Some days, yes, you'd be fine with 3 hours less nightly sl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
how do scientists know how old the sun is? | [
"There are two main ways in which scientists have dated the Sun. The first way uses the fact that the entire solar system formed around the same time. So, if scientists can determine the age of some really old meteorites, moon rocks, or earth rocks, it should correspond to the age of the sun. The age of these rocks... | [
"Lack of DNA The 'shelf life' of a DNA strand is very short compared to how long ago the dinosaurs lived."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do I see some commercials pop up for only a split second? | [
"They are network ads that can be preempted by the local station, and the local station was a split-second late in starting their ad."
] | [
"Mostly ads, there is a reason when you go to sites like that you are bombarded with spam and pop ups."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The New Years sexual assault attack | [
"There are two components here. One is that men have recently arrived in Germany from places with a very different culture, and have yet to adapt to the way things are in an advanced European country. They may come from a place where women are less respected, and have to dress and act in particular ways. Now they s... | [
"This isn't an explanation but newfoundland Canada also has a half hour time zone"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Where does that weird sadness come from after some orgasms? | [
"Post-coital tristesse is the term you are looking for! Do a google search and surf around, there are several perspectives, but the most fascinating to me is that the Greeks characterized this phenomenon and discussed it. Aka I don’t have a simple hard and fast answer for you, but that’s the name."
] | [
"Have you ever noticed how hyper sensitive your penis gets after orgasm? Same thing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do women cry more than men? | [
"Because women are not socially conditioned to repress all emotion."
] | [
"Because we get tired of the lack of empathy when we're honest about our feelings. We put on a mask that is a caricature of the world we hate Source: I'm the life of the party weekly, and contemplate suicide several times a year."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do healthy people get sick as soon as they take a break or holiday from work? | [
"People under a lot of stress and then suddenly have that stress removed have a lowered immune system. It's called the Let-down Effect. _URL_0_"
] | [
"You have probably been lucky, and not been exposed to as many contagious people. Do you have much contact with children?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do website advertisements generate revenue? | [
"Depends, but generally both. \"Impressions\" are the number of times an ad is loaded. Impressions are very cheap; millions of impressions might only generate a few dollars. Clicks are \"interactions,\" these generate a TON more money for each interaction. That said, this might be a general \"click = $\" or could b... | [
"The saying goes, if you are not paying for a product, you are the product. Instagram is free and they way they make money is to promote things that generates revenue, be it from ads or paid promotions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What was the primary motivation for settling new cities throughout history? [ELI5] | [
"Trade, almost all history is the story of trade. People go places to get stuff they can't get at home, and people start colonies to get rich/powerful off the fact that new areas have stuff that people back home want to trade for."
] | [
"Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained that the choices were usually made on geography, or on some historic significance of the place: 1. [ELI5: How come state capitals in the US are usually not the state's largest or most important cities? ](_URL_6_) 1. [ELI5: Why are so many State c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
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