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Why is incest such a common trope in porn?
|
[
"It's taboo (which makes it exciting), it's something that could arise out of a real life situation (theoretically it could happen to anyone, even you!), and it strikes the chord of \"when sex was still new and exciting\" (even if the actors aren't pretending to be underage, there's usually a younger inexperienced character). Even if you're icked out by actual incest, it's kind of the holy trifecta of arousal."
] |
[
"Because for whatever reason, western society has become more accepting of depictions of violence than it has of depictions of sex. You see the same thing in films, TV, book, and other entertainment media."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the query:",
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Why do some salon style shampoos and conditioners have a warning that products purchased from anywhere other than salons could be counterfeited?
|
[
"The salons get to put a large markup on those products and dont want you buying them elsewhere"
] |
[
"Different brands have different preservatives in them. You can be sensitive or have an allergic response to certain preservatives and not others."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the post:",
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How did punch cards work? Specifically, what is the reading mechanism?
|
[
"There are eighty columns on a card. Each column can be punched with a single hole, in a location that designates a number 0 through 9. Each column can also be punched with two holes whose locations designate a letter of the alphabet. Modern punch machines (70's modern) both read and punch. They read by shining light at the card that passes through mechanism. The light shines through the punch holes and hits matrix of photo electric cells. If you were working on a critical job you typed in your data, or code to punch the cards and then stick them back in the hopper and type it again and the machine would detect errors if it found them. Punch cards could be used for data entry or for writing code. It was a sad day when you dropped your cards. A sad day indeed. If I had a nickel for every card I used in the 70's I'd be extremely wealthy today."
] |
[
"Programs were often hard wired, literally wired, in a plug board, on early machines. So the input data and program were part of the machine. Before the advances in the ABC (Atanasoff–Berry Computer) became common, the results were analog voltages that had to be read out, or actual decimal memory they had to be read out (in the case of ENIAC). If you mean later, in the days of drum memory, and acoustic core memory, the programmer wrote their output and data wherever they could. They just had to be careful not to over write something important. The simpler way to put it, is that data and code were always mixed past the plugboard days. I can't recall off the to of my head when von Neumann made his idea public. There are loads of books on the subject of historical computing. Just pull up the wikipedia articles on early if the early computers, and jump down to the references to get a reading list. Edit: autocorrect fixes"
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the query:",
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why other sects of Christianity generally do not like Catholics.
|
[
"At one point in time, the Catholic Church was the *only* church...in fact, the word catholic means \"universal\". Every major branch of Christianity at some point in time broke away from the Catholics. Not only did they disagree on religion, but it lead to centuries of war in Europe, with one king trying to change the religion of his country, and the next trying to change it back. This has led to some hard feelings that endure today. Check out the Reformation and the Counter Reformation for more info."
] |
[
"- Islamic teaching tolerates other religion - Muslim assholes don't"
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
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What is "Shepard's Tone"
|
[
"_URL_0_ Explains it better than I ever could."
] |
[
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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Why are dogs affraid of vacuums?
|
[
"Like people, all dogs personalities are not the same. I have three dogs of varying size (55, 75 & 100 lbs). My bulldog is not scared of thunder or guns, but is afraid of the vacuum & fireworks. My mutt is afraid of absolutely everything (he will stop breathing when it is thundering outside.. he's a weirdo). And my Pit/Whippet mix is not afraid of a damn thing on this earth; if anything she is just curious about it all. She won't bark at the vacuum, she'll follow it around and sniff it. When it's thundering outside, she likes to go out & play while looking at the sky. However, I think a major reason dogs tend not to like the vacuum is because it makes a terrible noise, makes motions that seem unfamiliar & does not smell like it is alive (but acts like it)."
] |
[
"* Dogs crying are usually quieter than babies. * Dogs problems are easier to solve than babies. * Dogs are cuter than babies. * Babies cry over the stupidest shit."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the query:",
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[NSFW maybe] how come when you tickle yourself you don't feel anything but when you masturbate its pleasurable?
|
[
"When you are tickled your body thinks it's being attacked, thats why you can't tickle yourself (cause what person attacks his/herself?)"
] |
[
"I'm the same way. Even when I masturbate- when I finish, I don't want anything to do with me."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the query:",
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Why can public schools, funded by the government, limit the rights of its students?
|
[
"It's a legal concept called [in loco parentis](_URL_0_). The school is legally acting in place of your parent while you're a student, and as such are allowed to act in your best interest as they see fit. There are some legal restrictions on this in the interest of upholding civil rights with regard to discrimination, abuse, and things of that nature, but generally speaking the school can legally act exactly as a parent would to enforce the greater good and safety of its students and the educational environment."
] |
[
"It IS legal to have an all white or black school, or a gender segregated school as long as the school is private and does not accept funds from the government."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
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|
This whole idea of "we make the car, then ship it to independent dealers to charge whatever they want" seems kind of silly. Make the car, ship it to your brand's retail stores, and sell it. Done. What's the deal?
|
[
"I think it has something to do with preventing monopolies. A lot of laws in business regarding antitrust and monopolies come from Standard Oil? and John D/ Rockefeller's practices back in the early 1900's, where he practiced Vertical Integration, owning each facet of a process, i.e., owning the company that produced drilling equipment, owning the company that drilled the oil, owning the company that refined it. Tesla is doing something similar, owning the manufacturer, owning the distributor, owning the maintenance/repair. I think Im missing a lot, but that's the gist of it. Rockefeller did that, prevented competition, and now we have laws against it. Get a legal guy to correct me and fill in the blanks."
] |
[
"They don't make them, just buy them at a distributor for a lower price and put their name on it. They can afford to do so because they don't have to advertise or spend money on packaging or placement. They already have a place on their shelf to sell the product for lower than the competition. At least that's my 5 year old understanding of it."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
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What is happening inside my console when a game is loading?
|
[
"Loading from the hard drive to the RAM. In a computer (including consoles), the processors, the GPU and CPU, need to have quick access to the data, and hard drives are far too slow to provide this, even new SSDs are still too slow. So what was the solution to this? RAM, or Random Access Memory. RAM is very very fast, providing the data needed, but they need the data loaded into them first, hence the loading process. Some other processes may occur in preparation, maybe some decompression, but mainly the hard drive is what slows it down. In the last few years though, SSDs, or Solid State Drives, have started to become relevant, and these are good because they are fast, allowing quick access of data. Loading times are basically non existent on them. Loaded data is then reworked by the CPU and GPU to display those characters on the screen, assigning each pixel a different color every time the frame changes."
] |
[
"They're often loading from a different server than the rest of the website."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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Is it possible for new types of sailor's knots to be "discovered"? Or have the common ones been around for hundreds of years?
|
[
"The common ones have been around for ages. They are the most efficient and easiest to tie. There're four main types of knots: Bend - ties two lines together; Hitch - ties a line to another object; Loop - creates a loop in the rope; and stopper knots, which basically just make the line thicker. The most efficient form of each of these knots has been known for a long long time (Reef knot, clove hitch, bowline, figure-eight, respectively). There's other, more complicated ones for more specialized tasks, but these four are easiest to tie, have been around longest, and are the most often used. Knots used outside of sailing, that have specialized tasks can be considered newer. For example the [Prusik knot](_URL_0_) was \"invented\" in the 20^th century. TL:DR: New knots can and have been invented recently, but the most often used, best knots have been around forever."
] |
[
"Patents don't last forever. In the US they last for 20 years, after which anyone is free to make their own version of the product. Hatchets have been around about as long as modern humans have, so that patent would have run out thousands of years ago, and any future attempts to patent it would be blocked by something called prior art, which means someone has done it already. A carrot peeler was likely patented at one time probably a couple hundred years ago, and that too has run out. That said, if you create a novel design for one of those items or a process for creating it that is new, you could still get a patent for a hatchet or a carrot peeler. Edit: Also when you patent something you have to submit drawing and explanations of how your invention works. Some companies prefer to keep their process secret, so they don't patent it, just hoping that no one will figure it out."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
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While digital video is stored as separate frames, how is sound stored digitally?
|
[
"An analog audio signal is represented as a wave, looking like [this](_URL_0_). If you want to represent this in digital, you just go along this wave and mark the amplitude (the height) of the wave at regular intervals. The result is a long list of numbers, each of them called a \"sample\". If these intervals are short enough and you use large enough numbers for the samples, you can recreate the analogue waveform close to 100% using the digital signal. Audio CDs for example use 44,100 samples per second with 16bit numbers, which is in most cases far more than sufficient for our ears."
] |
[
"Because GIF was not designed for video. It was designed primarily for still images. But it also included a feature for simple sequences of images, but they are still fundamentally stored as separate distinct images rather than a video. The difference is proper video formats do things like storing the differences from the previous frame instead of storing every single frame as a separate image. You get much smaller file sizes from doing that."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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Why didn't Gandalf use his powerful Eagle friends to transport the fellowship to mordor? Or even use them to take thorin oakenshield's group to the misty mountain? It would have saved many lives including Boromir.
|
[
"They would have been seen and killed before they got there. Hobbits on foot were the better choice because they could sneak in unnoticed past hordes of orcs."
] |
[
"Remember in the movies when frodo gets caught in that mini landslide and two evil men check out the area? Notice that those guys are heavily armored: they are not the same people that ride the elephants during the siege of minas tirith. Heavy Armor = Men of Rhun (north of mordor) Elephant Dudes = Men of Harad (south of mordor) In the books, an army of 200,000 soldiers from Rhun descends on the reconstructed Dale (which was repopulated between the Hobbit and LOTR). The people of Dale take refuge in Erebor (the dwarf kingdom in the mountain) and besiege the mountain. When Sauron is defeated in the south, the men of Rhun lose morale and the forces of dale and erebor take the opportunity to strike the besieging army and rout them. Legolas alludes to these events happening very briefly on their way to finding the undead army in the mountains."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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What is happening when we are "emotionally exhausted"?
|
[
"Get married and you will find out. Jokes aside. Emotions are thoughts and feelings that require your body to provide energy to do. if you're having a lot of those, they drain energy and make a person tired. Example might be a wife with a sick husband, she has to look after the kids, go to hospital everyday, cook meals run the house and she is terrified her husband is going to die soon. The emotional stuff the wife is dealing with costs energy, when energy levels are low its because she is emotionally drained"
] |
[
"When you're no longer in danger, and you're still \"defending yourself\"."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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How do presidents get up to speed on issues?
|
[
"The President has not just a staff of secretaries but they have appoint a group called the \"Cabinet\" whose job it is to be an expert on various things. If he wanted more information about small business he could go to Penny Pritzker (Department of Commerce) and ask her to compile a report."
] |
[
"It's really a good idea to brief someone who has a substantial chance of being the commander-in-chief about what's going on. The last thing you want is a new president who needs weeks worth of briefings before having enough information to act on a crisis."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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Why FTL implies backward time travel
|
[
"it is a sci-fi show cliche for one thing... in theory, the faster you go, the slower time goes for you and it approaches zero as you get closer to the speed of light. So, based on that logic, if you go faster than the speed of light, you go into negative time. Supposedly, matter can't go faster than the speed of light and the energy required to even get close is huge."
] |
[
"The same way it speeds up, except with opposite sign: the magnetic fields push on it."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the title:",
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If underage sex is illegal and murder is illegal then why is viewing underage sex illegal but viewing murder is not?
|
[
"People don't murder other people in order to create videos and profit from people watching them. But some adults do sexual things to children in order to create videos and make money. So when someone watches that underage sex video, they're creating an industry that hurts underage people, who by definition can't consent to sex."
] |
[
"For porn to be legal, it has to be a producer paying a guy and a girl to have sex with each other, that's the big difference. Porn is considered to be freedom of expression."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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why aren't faucet pipes straight?
|
[
"Well, for THAT pipe I would imagine the bend helps slow the waterfall so it doesn't splash too much. But for the ones with the S-bend, like in the USA and other places, it traps water so smells and gas doesn't come back up the pipes."
] |
[
"Your faucet has a screen on it sometimes referred to as a diffuser. If you unscrew the diffuser from the end of the faucet, that probably won't happen anymore."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
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|
Newton's Second Law?
|
[
"Slap a ball and it'll move in the direction you slapped it. Slap it harder and it'll move faster."
] |
[
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
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|
How can fluids be incompressible?
|
[
"Fluids aren't completely incompressible; they're generally more compressible than solids, for sure. It's just that, under the kind of conditions normally studied in fluid dynamics, they will only compress a little tiny bit. So we can simplify a *lot* of things if we just say \"okay, pretend they can't be compressed\"."
] |
[
"Pressure helps keep the carbonation in soda. If you shake it, all of the fluid speeds up. As speed increases in a fluid, pressure decreases. As pressure decreases, the gas can escape the liquid it is dissolved in. Eli25: Bernoulli's principle combines with reduced solubility of gasses in a liquid at lower pressures."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
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When a casino brings in a cooler, what exactly is the cooler doing?
|
[
"Nothing because it's superstitious nonsense. If someone is counting cards at a blackjack table and the casino doesn't want to/can't kick them out for some reason, a new dealer will burn a card before they start, which makes it closer to time to shuffle and adds an additional unknown card which makes the count less accurate/useful. But this doesn't happen in practice."
] |
[
"Because casinos can refuse service for any reason that's not a protected class -- that is, they can't kick you out because you're black or a woman or a Jew or any of several other criteria. However, \"playing strategically\" isn't a protected class. And when someone turns the odds in their favor, they are no longer a desired customer of the casino."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
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Why is it so difficult for Iran to build nuclear weapons today, if the US could build them in the 40's?
|
[
"[The Manhattan Project](_URL_2_) was a tremendous project. It [ grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US$2 billion (about $26 billion in 2015[1] dollars). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and producing the fissile materials, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada.](_URL_2_) Sanctions have been put in place by other countries to prevent Iran from building atomic bombs. [Enriched uranium](_URL_0_) is needed. Iran has been producing this but not enough yet. Iran has just agreed to [reduce its current stockpile](_URL_1_) of enriched uranium."
] |
[
"Both sides have sufficient nukes to destroy the other within 90 minutes max."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
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|
What exactly is happening when we taste food?
|
[
"Its your taste buds that pick up certain chemicals in your food. Your taste buds then send electric pulses to your brain and tells it this is what this thing tastes like, and this is the sensation you should release. That's why the natural human reaction is to pull away from spicy food."
] |
[
"This would be easier to answer if we had any clue what happens inside our brain when we understand something."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
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Would "station spinning" (the "rotating wheel") really create a sensation of gravity in a space station?
|
[
"It works, and the best part is that you don't have to rotate the station to see the effect. If you move around a stationary circular station the result is pretty similar; NASA played around with this during Skylab: _URL_0_"
] |
[
"* it isn't very big, and would have to spin really, really fast to simulate 1g * spinning makes it hard to dock with * part of the point is to do experiments in a weightless environment."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
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If everything in the universe disappeared except Earth, our moon, and the Sun, would it be self-sufficient?
|
[
"In the short term, probably. The loss of the other planets would have a small but non-negligible effect on the orbits of the three remaining bodies, so eventually something would likely start to go wrong there. That aside, the Earth-Moon system is pretty much self-sufficient. There isn't really anything that the Earth receives from celestial bodies that aren't the Moon or Sun that have any significant impact on day to day life."
] |
[
"If you were observing the earth from 65 million light years away right now then, in theory, yes. Practically speaking, the size of telescope required to observe something as small as a dinosaur from that far away would make it completely impossible."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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What's so great about Chicago Cubs winning the world series?
|
[
"It's been 108 years since they last won the World Series. Sliced bread had yet to be invented yet."
] |
[
"It's not about winning. It's about sending a message."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
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Humans have a limited audio and visual range. Do we also have a limited range of taste?
|
[
"Taste is basically the ability to detect the chemical makeup of a substance. So yeah, pretty much any chemical we can't taste counts."
] |
[
"Long story short, some animals recognize each other in different ways than vision and other animals simply don't have the brain capacity."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the query:",
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Why do so many countries simply have 3 vertical or horizontal stripes as a flag?
|
[
"For most of history, flags were considerably more complex. Back then, a noble house would make a flag that symbolized their wealth and power, so they would go all out, spending on it like a modern wealthy family spends on cars or gardens. The tricolor comes from the needs of the French Revolution. Before that, nobles had banners, and they could afford to spend considerable money on each. But a peasant revolution needs it's flags on the cheap. Once your nation needs to make a flag for every household, having an ornate crown, some lions, a coat of arms, and a hundred fleur de lis on your flag becomes financially impossible."
] |
[
"A few reasons: Basic, primary colors are good for flags because those are easier to make and to see from a distance. There aren't that many basic primary colors (think of the 8-Crayola box). So by random chance \"most countries\" are going to use at least one of any three of those colors. Also, a great many countries were once colonies of Britain or France (flags of blue, white and red) that intentionally chose to keep those colors their new flags. (edits: grammar and word order) Edit #2: slightly off topic, but a few years ago some dude decided to give every national flag a letter grade based solely on its graphic design merits. [It is pretty awesome.](_URL_0_)"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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|
If all dogs are the same species, how can there be so many different and diverse breeds?
|
[
"We've spent thousands of years breeding dogs for specific purposes, leading to a wide diversity of shapes suited to those purposes. Then in the last hundred years or so we've started \"ultra typing\" these dogs, picking those traits that we think define a breed and selecting them to the extreme. They are all the same species because they are all still very similar physically and genetically, despite some major external differences. Most importantly they can all still interbreed."
] |
[
"Humans are all the same species. Races are used to distinguish between genetic variations within this species. A similar concept is how all dogs are the same species, but we refer to different \"kinds\" of dogs as different breeds. You could say that our different races are akin to different \"breeds\" of humans."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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|
Why is it that most people write in blue, but we print all books etc. in black?
|
[
"As a lawyer, I always want my clients to sign documents in blue. It is a carry over from photocopying - photocopy is black & white, so a blue signature is \"original\". Of course this doesn't really apply as much now that everyone has color copiers but we still maintain the practice. But, because of this practice, all of my writing in done in blue - I don't even have a black pen in my office."
] |
[
"Yellow is not very visible on white paper, Red is traditionally used for grading paperwork, the other colors are traditionally used for different things in different classes but normally restricted to revision and editing sections of writing so using them makes it seem like you are submitting incomplete work. Using multiple colors for a final product of writing is also seen as something childish akin to writing is crayon or markers. That association makes it unprofessional as well. Before modernity you did not do it because colored inks were expensive."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
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How do trains stay on their tracks?
|
[
"Basically because the wheels aren't perfectly cylindrical, they are cone shaped, the outer side is a smaller diameter than the inner side. This means that the weight of the train and the difference in rotation speeds between matched wheels forces continuous position adjustments that keep the train centered between the rails. Also, when a train is coming to a corner the speed is carefully controlled to prevent excessive lateral g-forces that would cause the train to tip and the rails are very carefully banked in curves, just like you see on highway ramps."
] |
[
"Do you know how a fan works? If so just turn it around"
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the question:",
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Why do medicine commercials list all the bad/crazy side effects on TV?
|
[
"They have to. They are required by law (how much they have to say depends on where you live though)."
] |
[
"It affects brain chemistry. Some peoples brain react to chemicals differently than others. This is like asking why only some people suffer the 10 million side affects listed after drug commercials."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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|
why my computer speakers go spastic every time i get a call on my phone
|
[
"Your mobile phone communicates with the phone network using electromagnetic radio waves. One feature of electromagnetic waves is that when they pass through a wire, they create an electric current in the wire. This is what's happening. The phone is generating electromagnetic waves so it can communicate with the phone network. These waves are creating electric currents in the wires that go to your speakers - only small currents, but they are there. Your speakers amplify these currents and convert them into sounds."
] |
[
"What kind of tv do you have? Just off the top of my head do you have auto motion plus turned on?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
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where does the expression "you only use 10% of your brain" come from?
|
[
"I learned just yesterday that this myth comes from a misunderstanding of a William James quote. Here's a pretty interesting [TedTalk] (_URL_0_) that explains!"
] |
[
"Because you are not paying attention to what time it is. Your focus is on the task at hand. (Space filler because autobot will delete answer) Because you are not paying attention to what time it is. Your focus is on the task at hand. Because you are not paying attention to what time it is. Your focus is on the task at hand. Because you are not paying attention to what time it is. Your focus is on the task at hand. Because you are not paying attention to what time it is. Your focus is on the task at hand."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Sleep and boredom:"
}
|
I know penny auctions are a rip but why are they a rip off?
|
[
"They're a rip-off because most bidders pay money for nothing - they don't even get proof that the item actually exists. [From wikipedia:](_URL_0_) > For example, if an item worth 1,000 currency units (dollars, euros, etc.) sells at a final price of 60, and a bid costing 1 raises the price of the item by 0.01, the auctioneer receives 6,000 for the 6,000 bids and 60 as the final price, a total of 6,060, a profit of 5,060. If the winning bidder used 150 bids in the process, they would have paid 150 for the bids plus 60 for the final price, a total of 210 and a saving of 790. **All the other, losing, bidders collectively paid 5,850 and received nothing.**"
] |
[
"They absolutely don't work at all. But wait, there's more! Ok sadly there isn't, it's just basically a scam, there's no evidence this stuff does anything."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why haven't animals learnt to stay the fuck away from humans considering how often we kill them?
|
[
"Those animal populations that are actively hunted do. You can tell this easily by observing deer. Deer who live in an area long enough learn when hunting season is and are much more skittish during that season. Deer also seem know when they are on land that is safe. I have often seen deer run like maniac to get away from hunters, jump a fence into non-hunting land, look back at the hunters and then calmly walk away. Animals are also hunted by other predators all the time. To them humans are just one more predator."
] |
[
"Raising them from birth helps. If you feed something and give it enough food and space and entertainment, it won't be as inclined to kill you. Although they're tame, not domesticated, so they could snap at any moment."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Animal behavior:"
}
|
What is the difference between crystal and glass?
|
[
"Crystal is a structure where atoms / molecules are ordered in a self-similar repeating structure. Glass is a solid substance when atoms/molecules don't form any ordered repeating structure, and the substance can be heated so it becomes more runny/~~elastic~~ less viscous, and then cooled back into a solid form. The difference in the atom/molecule structure looks [like this](_URL_1_). (EDIT: both quartz and pure glass are the same chemical, but quartz is in crystal form and glass is not.) When it comes to *crystal glass*, it is not actually crystal material, but it is just a variety of glass which has lead added in it so it is more shiny. Crystal glass is widely used in decorative objects [like this](_URL_0_) and in fancy glassware and chandeliers. EDIT: Changed elasticity to viscosity as corrected by u/belortik."
] |
[
"More importantly, what's the difference between hot and best?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
}
|
Explain LI5 what is beyond Internet Service Providers
|
[
"It's all about *peering agreements.* Basically, two ISPs have an agreement along the lines of \"I'll carry your traffic if you carry mine\" and connect themselves to each other. Of course, there are two many ISPs for every ISP to have an agreement with every other ISP, but if you just have connections to a few major networks, they will have connections of their own which will eventually lead to anywhere on the internet. Often, there are clearing houses for this sort of thing, like the London Internet Exchange (LINX.) These exchanges act sort of like ISPs for ISPs: in exchange for a service fee, you get a connection to LINX, which means you have a connection to everyone else who is on LINX. For more (above ten year old level) information on how this is accomplished, try looking up *routing tables*."
] |
[
"> secure digital medium > phone app Pick one"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
Why does the Fukushima plant still leak so much contaminated water into the sea?
|
[
"The more important questions are what is your concept of \"so much\"? And does it matter? How much does it matter? [Beta radiation has the weakest penetration power](_URL_0_)."
] |
[
"1. No 2. See #1 3. Yes. Pacific fish is fine too. There is no serious contamination of fish stocks from the Fukushima incident. 4. Not a threat at all. 5. Much, much less. 6. Worst case scenario now? If they manage to absolutely massively fuck up remediation efforts we might see another restriction on fishing directly offshore of the plant. 7. Do nothing. You are thousands of miles away from any possible issue. Seriously, they could light that shit on fire and then blow it up and it wouldn't matter one bit in Seattle."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
How can the DEA make the decision to ban Kratom in 30 days with no legislation passed by the US government?
|
[
"> With no legislation passed by the US government But there was - **in 1970** when Nixon declared his \"War on Drugs\" and Congress passed the Controlled Substances Act _URL_0_ 3 years later the DEA was established with an amazing amount of unregulated power to decide what people are and are not legally allowed to put in their bodies. And they continue to have such wide ranging powers because in the almost 50 years since the war on drugs was officially started the US has failed to elect a Congress with the courage to end the \"war\"."
] |
[
"1. Marijuana is not actually legal in Texas yet. The bill has not passed, only the people who decide what lawmakers are allowed to vote on said that they could vote on it. 2. Four states have legalized Marijuana. 3. The move is driven by small-government conservatives who believe that it's not up to the state to decide if God made a mistake when he made marijuana. 4. The bill would put everyone in state jail for marijuana stuff on parole, effective immediately, with a parole officer watching them. 5. The bill will have it be illegal for minors to use the drug without parental supervision."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
}
|
If a movie does well in the box office, who gets all of the money/profit?
|
[
"The company that produced it (Paramount, Warner Bros., etc). The people involved with making the film are generally paid by this company, and the company gets the profit from the actual output (the movie). I'm sure some actors and such have contracts that state that they'll get part of the profits from the film though."
] |
[
"Because nobody in the film business cares about how many people watched their movie now versus some movie they put out 50 years ago, because it in no way shape or form affects their business. It all comes down to how much money they put in, and how much money they make."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
}
|
why do Muslims take issue with depictions of Prophet Muhammad, but seem okay with movies such as the Passion of the Christ which depict other major prophets of Islam?
|
[
"We are not okay with movies such as the passion of Christ. As Muslims, we shouldn't depict any prophets, but we shouldn't get violent over it."
] |
[
"In addition to what ske105 said, Muslims believe that they worship the same god as the Jews and the Christians, but that these other people of the book aren't caught up on the latest chapters. Like many Christians, Muslims believe that Jesus will return for the second coming. But he is still a man, like the other prophets: Adam, Noah, Moses, etc. To convert to Islam, all you really have to do is affirm your belief that there is no god except God and that Muhammad is his messenger."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why is 0% brightness on smartphones still so bright?
|
[
"I think the real reason is so that you can't turn the brightness down so low that you can't see the screen to turn it back up."
] |
[
"They don't produce it. They simply turn off all pixels in the area. They can't go any darker. But it seems darker because adjacent pixels are lit."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
}
|
How is a piece of software like "Scan/Check Disk" able to fix a piece of hardware being your "Hard Drive"? What is going on behind the scenes here and why can't the OS just fix these errors on-the-fly?
|
[
"Your hard drive uses an organization system. Think of it like the index of a book, it's page numbers and table of contents too. There's way too much data to ever keep track of otherwise. As it's working, it's constantly updating and editing this index to reflect the drive's contents. Pulling the plug before it can finish it's work leaves it potentially inaccurate, which will screw up something down the line when it tries to locate a resource and can't. So when starting up from a hard shutdown, it needs to take the time to figure stuff out and have everything organized and documented again. Fixing those issues on-the-fly is possible in theory, but it means that a lot of applications would probably quit or time-out and throw an error message because the OS is cleaning up the mess before getting the application the data it needs. So it's better to just do it up front."
] |
[
"Computer programs ALWAYS have bugs, it's the nature of programming as software is usually so complicated with thousands upon thousands of lines of code, some situations weren't thought about or someone just made a mistake when making it. Little bugs often exist that cause programs to become unstable over time, and there isn't anything built into the software to detect that it's unstable and fix the problem on it's own. Restarting the program clears out everything and starts fresh, as it was before it got into that unstable state. As far as restarting your computer, everything on your computer is software, and is included in the above description including your operating system (windows, mac, linux) and your drivers which are software that lets your operating system talk to the hardware and accessories it's working with."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
Why are American cities so 'Manhattanised'?
|
[
"In addition to the other answers, I'd also add that the UK has the [\"right to light\"](_URL_0_) law that can prevent skyscrapers from going up if they'd illegally block someone's light. America doesn't have a similar law in place (so far as I know), or at least, if we do, it would likely have to be on a more local level as that's a bit too granular for a federal law. Assuming that not every state/county/municipality has enacted such a law, things are a bit more freeform here."
] |
[
"hi! not discouraging NYC historians from contributing here, but fyi there have been a few threads on this topic that you might find interesting * [Why did New York City deteriorate in the late 1960s and 70s only to recover in the late 70's and 80's](_URL_3_) - featuring NYC flair /u/Yearsnowlost * [Was New York of the 1970s the shithole movies make it out to be?](_URL_1_) - more from /u/Yearsnowlost * [How did non-Americans regard New York City in the 1980s and early 1990s?](_URL_4_) - more from /u/Yearsnowlost * [What caused the economic decline of New York City between the late 1960s and the early 1980s? What caused its return?](_URL_0_) * [Why were the Late 70's/Early 80's a low point for many American cities?](_URL_2_) if you have followup questions on locked threads, ask them here & include the relevant user's username so they'll be auto-notified p.s. the expression \"seeing through rose-tinted glasses\" means seeing something *better* than it actually is, being oblivious of the defects"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
How did North Korea become the dictatorship it is today?
|
[
"After the fall of Nazi Germany the USSR began a military campaign against Japan (the last remaining Axis power). Soviet military forces seized Pyongyang and Kim Il-sung was installed as the leader of the Communist party. North Korea declared itself a sovereign entity in 1948 and has been a dictatorship ever since."
] |
[
"If the things North Korea did made sense, they wouldn't be North Korea."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Are sweatshop workers better off if their factories close down?
|
[
"If you're in a third world country, your other options might include: * Farm work: You vs. the elements, back breaking work * Mining: Sometimes in dangerous, unregulated, illegal conditions * Waste management: Possibly dealing with dangerous waste from first-world nations such as electronics which can contain highly toxic substances * Prostitution: STDs, possible abuse, elevated chance of being targeted for severe crime such as murder * Crime: Well, it's illegal Sweatshops are terrible but that's coming from a first world perspective. Many in third world countries wouldn't be able to get by that well without them. You'd rather work in a sweatshop than in the other dangerous, even worse work conditions you could be in."
] |
[
"Part of the problem is that a growing economy means that the workers demand a higher salary, which makes production more expensive. Many companies produce in China because labour is so cheap there. But if it becomes more expensive, companies will start moving to countries that are still as cheap as China used to be. This is the reason why the very cheapest clothing in stores now most of the time says \"made in Bangladesh\" on the label instead of \"made in China\"."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
Why do most people's faces swell up after crying for a long time or crying hard?
|
[
"Your body is flooding your system with histamines causing inflamation, congestion, etc. in response to stress."
] |
[
"I don't want to alarm you but this was one of the symptoms I had before getting severely ill. Do you get quickly tired ? For example, after running for a bit ? Does your face seem a little fatter than before ? Do you cough without any apparent reason ?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
}
|
How do trees know how long a year is?
|
[
"Every plant has a time of year when they do the most growing. It's unimaginatively known as the \"growing season\". We can measure time using tree rings because for each species of tree there's a time of year when they start growing, and their growth is very fast, compared to a time of year when their growth is very slow or halts altogether (like in winter, deciduous trees shed their leaves and reign in energy expenditure). The change in growth speed between seasons (usually spring to winter) results in differences in the colour of the wood, so each \"layer\" of wood represents a year's growth."
] |
[
"Someone told them what the answer is supposed to be."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question about Botany:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Botany:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Technology:"
}
|
Why is it that in animated series, objects that can move around are drawn differently than static objects?
|
[
"Drawn differently? Like the classic Wile E Coyote where you can tell that THAT rock right there is going to squish him because it's a different color? That's because when those were done animation was still printed on cels and those cels were [layered on top of each other](_URL_0_). So you'd have a background static layer that doesn't animate, you'd have a props layer, and you'd have a layer per character. The same color on different layers showed up slightly differently just because that's how it works. In some cartoons you can even see when the object is switched from one layer to another. This effect is substantially reduced in modern fully computer animation. However, props are still often drawn at a different level of detail, because they may have to be redrawn over and over again instead of the really fancy background you only have to draw once."
] |
[
"They're 2D images which means they look the same no matter what your viewing angle. This contrasts with your usual everyday experiences in a world that has 3 spacial dimensions. Because of this photos can give the impression that the eyes are tracking the person looking at the picture."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why do people stop and look when there is a traffic accident ?
|
[
"When we do the same mundane task over and over and over, our brain basically shuts off. We just continue doing the mundane task as a brain \"sub routine\" and we drift out. Car accidents are exciting and different, it wakes your brain up. Something is happening so now you're active in your involvement in driving. So you look at it. Plus we are social animals and pay attention to humans in extreme situations. Just regular humanity stuff."
] |
[
"They're to stop you when there is an incident up ahead so you don't become part of the incident."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
How does swarm intelligence work? How are ants or bees smarter as a group than an individual?
|
[
"Imagine that you have a number of (bees/participants/sources), each of which has 1% accurate, useful information and 99% random noise. Individually, the noise drowns out the information. However, if you add together all of your (bees/participants/sources) in the right way, the information accumulates while the noise simply cancels out. The result is a collective body of data where the information content is very prominent while the noise content is no greater than it was for a single (bee/participant/source). The classic experiment to demonstrate this principle is the jar-of-pennies experiment. You put a jar of pennies on the desk and ask a class of students to guess how many pennies are in the jar. Presuming your class is of sufficient size, the average of their guesses will almost inevitably be closer to the true count than any individual guess."
] |
[
"Almost certainly not. In fact, it's kind of up for debate whether bees \"know\" anything at all. Their neurological systems are so simplistic, it's been argued that they aren't even really sentient in the way humans are. They're basically robots following the incredibly simple programming they're born with. It's believed that bees, and really insects in general, lack the complexity for complicated thought or decision making. Sidenote: This to me is why bee colonies, and even more so ant colonies, are so fascinating. We think of them as this massive hive run by the queen, but that isn't accurate at all; the queen is no more intelligent than the rest, and while she may be the most important for breeding purposes, she isn't actually \"in charge\" of anything. No one is. They are incredibly complex systems with absolutely no leadership whatsoever; every single component is a cog running on pure instinct and yet somehow they develop these immensely intricate and well-functioning societies."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
}
|
What do people in big corporate legal departments do all day?
|
[
"It totally depends on the corporation and the lawyer, but activities might include: * Writing or reviewing contracts between one corporation and another * Responding to subpoenas or information requests from the government or law enforcement - for example if the FBI is tracking a criminal, they may ask Google and Facebook for information about the person's communication, FedEx for their shipping history, United Airlines for the flights they searched for, and so on - and the legal department of the corporation may review those * Reviewing new inventions from the corporation and filing patents on them * Responding to cases of trademark infringement to protect the corporation's brand - i.e. by threatening another company with a lawsuit * Defending the company in court when it's been sued"
] |
[
"Who's gonna do it? And who's gonna feed those who do it? Some organizations do plant trees to better the ecosystem, but they need to get money one way or the other."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
}
|
Is it true that America does not negotiate with terrorists? Why not?
|
[
"If you give a mouse a cookie, he's going to want a glass of milk. If you negotiate with terrorists, it feeds the cycle that people can manipulate you by being terrorists. Hence you get more terrorists."
] |
[
"Who says they don't just call the other country and threaten them? What do you think diplomats do behind closed doors?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
}
|
Why do all SUVs have a rear windshield wiper while almost every sedan doesn't?
|
[
"I think it has to do with the rear window of SUV's/minivans being more vertical compared to a car which usually has a more angled back window. Passing air wont blow the water off the suv back window the same way it would in a car."
] |
[
"Some do have an actual oil level indicator. I am not sure 100%, but I think it comes with more luxury cars. I know for a fact some Audi's made in the last 4 years have them."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why are aboriginal boobies not blurred on TV when other boobs in the USA are blurred?
|
[
"In the United States, the government isn't normally allowed to restrict speech, including what people put on television. There are a number of ways to get around this, but the biggest one is that free speech doesn't cover \"obscenity.\" What this means, though, is that the ability to block someone from, say, putting boobs on TV, is based on an argument that it is obscene. The regulators in charge of this have basically said that showing naked people in certain contexts, like a nature special, isn't the kind of nudity that is rightly considered obscene. It's not done just to thrill the viewers sexual appetites, and it has educational value. It's a case by case thing, though, which is why you don't see networks trying to push the envelope, because the fines can be big."
] |
[
"Sex is taboo. Penises and vaginas are actual sex organs. Just like butts, which aren't censored either, nipples/boobs are only sexual objects according to circumstance and culture."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
How can companies not have nutritional information on their food?
|
[
"There are a few exceptions to the rules about labeling. If you're buying it from the company that makes it, then it probably falls under the \"Delicatessen-type food, bakery products and confections that are sold directly to consumers from the location where prepared\" exclusion. There are a few other exclusions, including items that are given away rather than being sold, and items marked \"Not labeled for individual sale.\" [More info here.](_URL_0_)"
] |
[
"The point of the label is that required legal statements (like nutrition and ingredients) aren't on the individually wrapped servings but rather on the box they came in. These warnings protect the manufacturer from charges that they made items without the required labeling."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why has Iran so quickly reversed its footing on its nuclear program?
|
[
"The latest sanctions on the Iranians have effectively crippled the countries economy to a point that is essentially unsustainable and will only get worse if they continue on their current course. The Iranians have come to the table and accepted very large concessions about their nuclear program in order to ease these sanctions temporarily. There also is a growing shift in Iran away from actually creating the bomb and instead just becoming nuclear-latent which means just getting to a point where they could quickly create one if they ever would need to."
] |
[
"The nuclear deal calls for international monitors to regularly conduct inspections of Iranian nuclear facilities and military facilities, so as to ensure nuclear weapons are not being produced. If Iran produces nuclear weapons in violation of the agreement, then numerous economic sanctions will be reimposed with terrible effects on Iran's economy. Furthermore, the US and Israel might (jointly or separately) consider military action, depending on whose president. Hope that answer your question."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
}
|
Our body fight diseases by increasing the temperature, why betraying it by cooling ourselves down?
|
[
"Your body is a house, pathogens are a thousand and thousand of cockroaches ramping on the floor. Fever is basically the house habitant (immune system) being like \"Oh fuck it, let's burn the fucking house down\". It's super effective but it can be very damaging, when a fever isn't really high, doctors usually advice to let it go and wait for it to decrease, when it raises to 103°F (40°c) and keeps increasing, it's time to stop the fever because it's going to do more harm than good (I think you start getting convulsion around 105 °F or 41°c and risk brain damage if it increases further)."
] |
[
"Ofcorse it helps, a part of your body is no longer under the cover which is warming it up, which is obviously making your body cooler."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
How does too much salt increase blood pressure?
|
[
"[It's not entirely clear that it does.](_URL_0_) High levels of sodium consumption (sodium being the half of the table salt molecule, NaCl, that's relevant here) have traditionally been associated with hypertension (i.e., high blood pressure). But recent research indicates that the relationship between sodium intake and hypertension is not nearly so straightforward as once believed."
] |
[
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
Why do people in movies automatically bleed through the mouth when they are injured in the belly area? It's something that happens in real life?
|
[
"It's possible but not too common. If someone is stabbed or shot in the stomach, most of the blood would drain down, not be coughed up. However, if someone is stabbed in the lungs, it's definitely more possible. There's a lot of blood vessels in your lungs and you could definitely see people coughing up blood in that case"
] |
[
"That doesn't really happen much in real life. That's mostly for dramatic effect in movies and TV shows. In real life, cars don't really surge forward and fall back that way."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
When and why did humans begin to wear clothing?
|
[
"When is tricky. Clothing is unlikely to survive as long as other tools, so we can't say with certainty that the earliest tool-users (Australopithecus) didn't wear furs or other clothing. As to why? That's also tricky. There's no historical or archaeological record of early clothing, so your guess is as good as anyone's. Common guesses include for warmth, for religious ceremonies, or to display dominance by wearing furs as trophies."
] |
[
"Because our ancestors used to have claws there."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
Why is it rude to ask people how old they are?
|
[
"Society seems to have an ideal age to look like (somewhere around 21-25), and everyone is always trying to look as close to that age as possible. Asking someone their age destroys any and all effort they've put into that attempt to appear closer to that ideal age."
] |
[
"If it's OK for me to do it, it has to be OK for everybody to do it. If it's not OK for everybody to do it, then it's not OK for me to do it either."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
}
|
why to we have a divot beneath our noses and above our mouths.
|
[
"It is a seam left over from when you were formed in your mothers womb."
] |
[
"Follow up question, why do I have like three times as many hairs around my left nipple than my right one?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
ELI5: What are the best explanations of how to visualize an atom?
|
[
"How about:- A small fuzzy ball that you can't quite see surrounded by a larger fuzzy cloud of stuff that you also can't quite get a fix on."
] |
[
"Before I write stuff for this, can you maybe give a bit of background on how much you know about atomic orbitals themselves?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
- Why do my teeth get a funny feeling when I have to pee really badly?
|
[
"I definately have experienced this and ive talked to many other people who have as well. Ive even heard it refferred to in a book, i cant remember the book at all unfortunately. I remember character used the phrase \"i have to pee so bad my teeth are floating\" or something to that effect. Ur def not alone dude"
] |
[
"Normally this happens in the gums, not the actual tooth. Nerve endings can be exposed in the gums from brushing too hard or other things. So when you eat something hot or cold, your tooth seems to hurt. You can use a toothpaste like sensodyne. This paste forms a protective layering over the gum and lets the nerves heal. You don't have to brush with it, just put some on your finger and put it over your gums around the tooth that hurts! This happens to me all the time. Lol"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
why the US and many other western countries were not on Bashar al-Assads side, but rather wanted to take him down, when his enemies are apparently ISIS. Shouldn't the west support the enemies of ISIS?!
|
[
"The Syrian Civil War isn't simply Assad vs. ISIS. There are many other factions involved, including Hezbollah, Kurdish forces, many (small, disorganized) various anti-Assad rebels, and Israel. [This map](_URL_0_) might help. That's why the west struggled with how to handle Syria - none of the opposition groups were organized and moderate enough to choose a side. Unlike Libya, where there was a single moderate/organized resistance army."
] |
[
"Russia is attacking and plans to attack various forces hostile to the Assad's Syrian Government, who is an ally of Russia, and Russia wants to protect."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post about current affairs:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about current affairs:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
What does "Depraved Heart Murder" mean?
|
[
"You may be interested in the following thread. There are some bad answers in there, but a few comprehensive ones and discussion following. _URL_0_"
] |
[
"\"Local Man Asked For Hit Advice On Reddit Before Murdering His Wife, Police Say\" - I can see it now..."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
what is going on in your body when you get paranoid/anxiety attacks/vomitting when you smoke too much weed?
|
[
"If you were 21 instead of 5, and happened to be visiting a state like mine with legal recreational cannabis, I might recommend you try an indica instead of a sativa."
] |
[
"If I sit around I tend to not drink as much water as normal, and when I'm dehydrated I have these exact symptoms. Maybe it's that."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why do children instinctively like cartoons ?
|
[
"I think it's less that kids 'instinctively' like cartoons, but rather that producers understand what kids will like and cater to that. Cartoons are a big part of that, obviously, but also live action shows like teletubbies, yo gabba gabba, and sesame street, for example."
] |
[
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
}
|
What is happening in C# when I call a method?
|
[
"I'm a little confused by your question, BUT: If you're having problems copy-pasting code from one place to another it's probably a **scope** issue. The \"scope\" of a variable is the portion of a program in which that variable can be legally referenced. Usually, this leads to compile errors, but if you are using the same name for a variable in multiple places it's possible that the code could be semantically correct, but that the \"foo\" you are referencing is not the \"foo\" you think it is. If you want to post a section of code that's giving you problems I'd be happy to take a look."
] |
[
"These explains the versions of C# in relation to the .NET frameworks. _URL_0_ _URL_1_ You'll want Express for Windows Desktop. The \"Windows\" one is misleading and only for lesser \"Windows Store Apps\" ie not proper full blown programs. Also, because there's no direct equivalent of this in Java it's worth mentioning an extension to the language called LINQ. I think you'll love it. _URL_2_ See how you can replace complex if statements with very small pieces of code? It's like SQL for your code."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
what exactly is vibrational and chassis tuning when automakers are testing vehicles and concepts?
|
[
"Everything has a resonant frequency, the pitch where the whole structure will vibrate and generally cause problems for people in or near the thing. Bridges sometimes collapse (for example) because the wind or the people walking across it match the resonant frequency and amplify it until the structure fails. In cars, there are certain predictable speeds and engine settings and yadda yadda yadda corresponding to city, highway, neighborhood driving conditions. If those conditions produce vibration in the chassis, it will be heard (and disliked) by the people in the car, and in truly bad cases, it could cause bolts or other pieces to shake loose, creating a hazard on the road."
] |
[
"because emissions on cars are a lot more strict and mostly for cars, manufacturers want noise suppression. for motorcycles like harley's their selling point is the noise."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why do most drones have four spinning instead of three?
|
[
"I'm assuming you are talking about the rotors here and not the wheels or anything else, since you haven't stated it. With rotor aircraft the ideal set up is to have an even number of rotors, be that 2 or 4 or 8. The reason for this is gyroscopic torque, the same reason a helicopter (1 rotor, odd number) needs a tail rotor. If you have an even number of rotors, you can set them to rotate in opposite directions and the torque forces will cancel each other out. With an uneven number you need a tailrotor to counteract the uneven torque forces."
] |
[
"Drone implies an onboard computer is helping the vehicle hover in place. The more expensive drones use gps to stay in place and adjusts the motors to keep wind from blowing it around. Quad copter is the term used for a vehicle that uses four rotors. Usually, these rely on the pilot to make numerous adjustments to keep it in one spot."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
How does someone end up owing thousands in back taxes?
|
[
"Easy. Your W-2 was't filled out right and didn't automatically withdraw enough taxes. Then come tax time you owe thousands of dollars because you didnt pay enough during the year. However you didnt realize this was happening and don't have the money to pay right away. Boom back taxes."
] |
[
"If they cannot pay it all now their wages will be garnished from now until the point that the debt is paid. Not all debts can garnish your wages, but governmental debts and legal fines can. These types of debts cannot be discharged via bankruptcy either. Odds are they will be paying for this crime for the rest of their lives."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
}
|
why is there a calm before the storm?
|
[
"There isn't always, but when there is it is because when the warm, dry, stable air rolls in it 'calms down' the rest of the air. Source:[how stuff works](_URL_0_)"
] |
[
"I guess its because of that everything is more silent at night, if that makes any sense..."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
How does our brain create a mind?
|
[
"This is a question no one knows the answer to, there are plenty of theories about what it could be though."
] |
[
"Your brain has no idea what death feels like."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:"
}
|
Where does deleted data go?
|
[
"It ceases to exist. Actually, when you first delete something from a hard drive, it remains right where it was. The delete command is the computer telling the drive to disregard that information, and that it's okay to use that data's space for future writing. Then the next time you save something, it might go in that spot. At that point, the old data is gone forever. But until then, it's still there and can be recovered with special techniques."
] |
[
"> Is there anything more to it? Turn left."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
How are random product/reward codes generated?
|
[
"Lets assume for a moment the key is comprised of just uppercase letters. This allows for 26 options for each character of the key, giving a total of 26^25 possible combinations. 26^25 is about 2.3\\*10^(35) total, or about 3.2\\*10^(25) (that's 32,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) possible combinations *for every living person on Earth*. So no, we probably won't run out of codes soon. Sometimes the keys follow a certain pattern, that allow the program to validate them (so that not every 25 character combination is valid). For example, the last 5 characters in the key might be created using a function of the first 20, so it's easy to check whether the key is valid by applying this function and comparing the result. This reduces the possible number of combinations, but there's still a lot of them (\"just\" 26^(20) instead of 26^(25)). The code is produced by a pseudorandom number generator. As to how these work, well that's another question altogether, [which has been asked here many times](_URL_0_)."
] |
[
"What do you mean? Your question needs to be a bit more specific. Are you asking what it is? Or how it's set? Or how the payments are made?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
Can you get a computer virus if you go to a site but don't click anything? Or stream a video but don't download it?
|
[
"Yes. A site could have javascript that downloads or installs things, or if it uses flash, you could have an out of date version that's susceptible to an exploit in what you're watching. To stream something, you have to download it. Think of a download like going and buying a book to take home, and a stream as getting pages in the mail, reading them, and throwing them out as soon as they're read. You're still getting the content. If it's a reputable site, you're usually pretty safe, though."
] |
[
"When you download the app, it asks permission. If you give it permission, it's generally not considered malicious software. When you get malware on your computer, you generally didn't want it in the first place and you probably didn't give it permission."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
}
|
If my allergy to dust has evolved to make me sneeze/cough/runny nose why should I take drugs to counter that? Does it not serve a similar function of pain or smell in letting me know of something that is harmful?
|
[
"Allergies occur when the immune system responds to a stimulus which does not require an immune response. It's essentially an error, or, maybe more accurately, an overreaction to something that is not actually harmful. You take the medicine to alleviate the symptoms you are suffering from something that shouldn't occur."
] |
[
"1. Injury, however minor, may cause an immune response. 2. The introduction of foreign anything to the body typically results in an immune response, usually whatever you've been injected with (with some exceptions). The potential immune responses from these combined causes often results in swelling. This swelling places pressure upon the nerves. This causes pain. Additionally, the \"soreness\" involved is likely an evolutionary strategy meant to cause you to pay more attention to the affected area, possibly helping it heal, or at worst not using it more than necessary. Know how terrible you feel with the flu? That's partly your entire body telling you that it isn't worth the risk to venture beyond your current place of safety under the circumstances. It's also a side-effect of the immune response, but then it's arguably hard to tell where one begins and the other ends."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
}
|
How is it someone can do 100 squats but can't run but a few miles?
|
[
"ELI5: bulldozers can lift tons of weight but can't go fast. They are built for one thing and they do other things not as well. Race cars can go fast but can't lift tons."
] |
[
"Practice and experience. They know exactly how far they can run before their body gives out. If they don't crash at the end of the race, they could have run a little faster. In additional, many runners finish with an unsustainable burst of speed, knowing they can collapse after."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
}
|
What laws prevent the majority stockholder of a corporation from just giving away the corporation's assets?
|
[
"They're not her property. You can't give away property belonging to someone else. Even if that person is a legal fiction you have majority control over. The majority stockholder *could* push the board to give away assets, but that would likely be a breach of the board's [fiduciary duty](_URL_0_) to the minority stockholders. The board should overrule the majority stockholder on those grounds. To do it legally, the majority stockholder should vote to disband/liquidate the corporation. Assuming the motion passes the net assets will be distributed among the stockholders, and now that some of them are her property the majority owner can give those away at will."
] |
[
"It allows you to vote on any issue that the company bylaws require be approved by shareholders (usually approving directors on the board, auditers, issuance of new stock, compensation plans for executives). It allows you to be paid your share in the event the company ceases operations (although you may get nothing in a bankrupcy). It allows you to receive your share of the company's value if the company is purchased by someone else (either in cash or in shares of the new company)."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
where does that style of writing that graffiti artists always use come from, and why do so many of them use it?
|
[
"Grab a can of spray paint and start trying to write. With very thick lines created by the wide spray you are limited in the legibility if you don't write like that."
] |
[
"What they mean is that they are so good at making hip hop, that they don't have to write their lyrics down, they just rap from the top of thier head. however, none if it is true"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
What are undeclinable requests like, 'Could you get the door for me?' called and how do they work from a linguistic or sociological standpoint?
|
[
"The request was phrased in a polite way. That is why you cannot decline it with a simple “no”. To decline without being rude, you must match the tone of the request. Something like “I’m terribly sorry, but dead lizards make me uncomfortable as well” would work."
] |
[
"There's not really a defined difference between them but it's much more of a question of conventionality. There's the joke answer linguists typically give: \"A language is a dialect with an army and navy\""
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
How can dogs smell cancer?
|
[
"The current theory is that cancer cells produce characteristic organic compounds which get into the bloodstream and are then also present in the patient's breath - only in tiny amounts, but enough to be detected by a dog's amazingly keen sense of smell. Which compounds those are exactly is still being researched, in the hope of using the knowledge to produce test kits."
] |
[
"What on Earth are you talking about? 1. Humans can taste water. 2. How do you know that dogs can taste water?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
}
|
Why does a multitool spin this funny way in zero gravity?
|
[
"It's because the rotation about that axis is unstable, and small deviations quickly build until the pliers flip round. You can see the same effect if you throw a tennis racket in the air. _URL_0_"
] |
[
"I want to know that too. Maybe i can add a question to that ELI5 topic: Why do i see lightning like things when closing my eyes and pushing/rolling them with my finger?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
What does "force start" while using a torrent client actually accomplish?
|
[
"In μTorrent at least, it means \"Ignore download queue settings and start right now\". For instance, if you have it set so no more than X torrents will be downloading at one time, the normal Start will respect that and put lower-priority torrents on hold. Force Start lets you override that setting temporarily for a particular torrent. It doesn't have any particular meaning in the Bittorrent protocol or anything, so it might mean different things from client to client."
] |
[
"Adding to this if allowed; does it make a difference whether you restart a phone or turn it off and then on again"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
If radiation kills cells, and cancer is uncontrolled cell growth, then why does high-volume radiation cause cancer?
|
[
"Radiation causes damage to the DNA. At a low enough dose, it will simply damage the DNA but allow the cell to live. In this case, the cell could then develop cancerous properties due to the damaged DNA, and before you know it you have cancer."
] |
[
"It would kill the fast-replicating cells in your body like hair cells and intestinal epithelium, just like in cancer patients. You could probably do it, but considering the intense, life-quality reducing side effects, why would you?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Medicine:"
}
|
How are serving sizes on nutritional labels determined, and why are they often so much lower than a realistic amount that most people would consume?
|
[
"They are arbitrary. They are just used so you have a reference for the nutrition label. The smaller the serving, the healthier you food looks to unobservant consumers."
] |
[
"Salt, sugar, and fat content. Higher amounts than what is present in something you cook at home. Look at the calorie content of food at restaurants. It's almost always double or more than the \"normal\" version of that food."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Goosebumps, what the heck are they?
|
[
"Goosebumps is a series of children's horror fiction novellas by American author R. L. Stine, published by Scholastic Publishing. The stories follow child characters, who find themselves in scary situations; usually involving monsters and other supernatural elements. From 1992 to 1997, 62 books were published under the Goosebumps umbrella title. Various spin-off series were written by Stine: Goosebumps Series 2000, Give Yourself Goosebumps, Tales to Give You Goosebumps, Goosebumps Triple Header, Goosebumps HorrorLand, and Goosebumps Most Wanted. Another series, Goosebumps Gold, was never released. Goosebumps has spawned a television series and merchandise, as well as a feature film, starring Jack Black."
] |
[
"Surrealness for the sake of surrealness. What are you confused about?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
}
|
Is there a reason why various social networks (Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Linked In, etc.) use blue as their theme color?
|
[
"You may want to take this answer with a pinch of salt because I'm not 100% sure, But I would imagine the reason why is because certain colours can physiologically change your view on things. The colour blue is known to give a more calming, trust worthy view. I recommend reading up on [this](_URL_0_) it goes deeper into the effects of colours on our brains. its a very i interesting read!"
] |
[
"It is a competitor to Facebook. It works in essentially the same way as Facebook, and you do the same things with it that you do with Facebook. Its primary distinguishing feature is the heavy emphasis on 'circles', which are groups of friends. You could have a Co-workers circle, a Family circle, a Close Friends circle, a General Acquaintances circle and then Famous People I Follow Like On Twitter circle. You can then view each circle's activity separately, post statuses that only certain circles see, etc. Most people would say that it's technically a better site than Facebook, but that that's irrelevant since relatively few people use it, and the entire point of a social network is to speak to as many people as possible."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Would there be any way to "improve" the internet if we could start it all over?
|
[
"Checksums at the end of the packet. Ethernet got it right. 25 years later, IPv6 gets it wrong again."
] |
[
"It would be nice if there was someway to block these signals."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
when you have x^3, you can "explode" this out into x * x * x. What is happening when you take a root? Is there any way to "explode" that?
|
[
"Ish. You can view x*x*x as x^1 * x^1 * x^1. Since sqrt(x) is x^0.5, you can do the same thing, as long as all the powers sum to 0.5, like so: x^0.5 = x^0.25 * x^0.25, or x^0.5 = x^1 * x^-0.5"
] |
[
"I suggest you check out [this link](_URL_0_). Basically, you should consider the two things you are multiplying as polynomials. Remember that roman numerals are expressed in a form such as CXI, which is C+X+I. Think about the foil method. You should multiply each term in the first number by each team in the second. Then add everything back up. Division is a good deal more complicated. See above link to learn about it."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
why does ice stick to an empty cup when you're trying to get it in your mouth?
|
[
"When the ice cube melts, some water will stay surrounding the cube, \"connecting\" it to the cup, sorta like a vaccum."
] |
[
"your mind expects coffee to be hot so when it's room temperature, it feels much colder because it's colder than you expect it to me. one day, brew coffee in a mug and let it get to room temperature. also put water in a mug and have someone mix up the mugs and blindly feel them. you won't feel a difference."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Language and culture:"
}
|
Why do DVD menus loop so poorly?
|
[
"In the DVD menus the DVD players have to move back to the starting point to re-read the video, and so there is a gap where it is moving the disk. sorry about my last comment i didn't quite understand what you were asking."
] |
[
"Why do threads about planes disappearing keep disappearing?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why do we make fun of France so much?
|
[
"We make fun of them because we can't really control them. Britain will do whatever we say so they're our besties. France is like that cool kid who generally hangs out with you but sometimes makes you look like a complete dick by calling you out just when you think you've got the gang worshipping you."
] |
[
"It's not illegal to make fun of someone."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
}
|
What would the US have to do to revert back to a no political party system?
|
[
"There is no way. Political parties are not part of the government. They are a group of like-minded people who decided the best way to get what they want is to unite behind a single nominee. Political parties are a natural result of our freedom to assemble. Dissolving them would be a violation of the First Amendment. Even if we did dissolve them, people would just make parties again, unless we somehow made it illegal to meet with others, discuss politics, and agree on stuff. If we did that, it's not really the US anymore so no, there's no way."
] |
[
"Because Canada does not benefit from that. Why do you think Canada *should* have the same size military as the US?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
Why haven't the USA and Russia ever gone to war?
|
[
"Generally, a country will only choose to go to war if they believe that the benefits of winning are worth the losses they will take getting that victory. The thing about the Cold War is that there were very few upsides to any potential conflict and a mountain of downsides."
] |
[
"Because the US, Russia, and Israel are powerful enough to get away with it."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
how life was created, how seemingly inert atoms formed what we are today, these weird organic creatures with sentience
|
[
"Those atoms aren't inert. They react with other atoms, attaching and detaching from each other, requiring energy, releasing energy, etc. All life depends on chemical actions to function. Life is a natural extension of a chemically reactive environment."
] |
[
"It's not about vibrations, or even that everything is made of the same stuff. It's about the idea that everything in the universe shares the same origin, and since that point the universe has been expanding and changing and creating. One of the things that has come out of this process is humans able to consciously examine the process and all of the other things that have come out of it. To wax poetic: from the big bang, the universe has grown stars and galaxies, black holes and asteroids, and planets full of extraordinary phenomena taking place on every conceivable scale. We happen to be the ripple from the big bang capable of experiencing all of the others, uniquely (as far as we know) able to turn around and look back from the frontier of an expanding universe and take it all in."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
In this 2012 satellite photo of Berlin, you can distinguish West and East Berlin by the tone of the street lights. Why?
|
[
"The East and West used different types of lights, and there's no reason to tear down perfectly good lights that are only a few decades old."
] |
[
"Berlin was in the middle of East Germany. The wall went all the way around West Berlin."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
}
|
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