query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why can you get addicted to 1st hand smoke but not 2nd hand smoke? | [
"Addiction to cigarettes comes in two main ways. The first is the physical habit. Cigarette smoking is a repetitive, comforting practice - a less athletic version of Tai Chi. So merely smoking the cigarette is enjoyable even if you exclude the pharmacological effects. It should be obvious that this provides no bene... | [
"There is no tobacco in them and thereby none of the toxic chemicals that will ruin your lungs. The nicotine (the addicting part) is still in the e-cigarettes so the stimuli of smoking remains. I'm pretty sure this is how it works, feel free to correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What's the difference between and ponzi and pyramid scheme? What are examples of companies that use these models? | [
"In a ponzi you give a guy some money and he gives you back more money (or makes you feel like he would) by telling you a lie and saying he has a good investment but really he is just telling a bunch of people that and paying the older people with the newer people's money. A pyramid scheme is basically the same th... | [
"Many pyramid schemes masquerade as legitimate MLMs. The structure is identical, so just because it has that kind of structure isn't enough for the government to file charges. They need *evidence* that something illegal is happening."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Finance:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Finance:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is CO much deadlier than CO2? | [
"Carbon Dioxide mostly dissolves in the plasma as carbonic acid which is fine and the body is adapted for the removal of it since it is a waste product of respiration. Carbon Monoxide on the other hand associates very strongly with hemoglobin, which is supposed to be carrying diatomic Oxygen for us to use. CO actua... | [
"I'm requesting an addendum because 'how did it get so polluted?' isn't a very interesting question to begin with. 1. Why is TODAY so bad compared to other days? Will it get better with no human intervention, and then suddenly get worse again? Why? 2. Why doesn't the Chinese government intervene? 3. What are the sh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do we need to write "ELI5" in front of every post when obviously that's the topic if it's in this subreddit? | [
"Likely for those either on the front page or on /all/ who may think it's AskReddit, and then downvote them for having a bad question."
] | [
"I am not a scientist, but I know it's because the hair grows sideways under your skin and eventually starts bunching up under your skin, causing pain. This should explain better though _URL_0_ For future reference, the first guideline on the sidebar says to start your post with (ELI5), not end. If you are on mobil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What Does make a Western country be considered part of the West? | [
"It's a largely a cultural distinction based on 'Western' values. Nations with a free market, broad conceptions of liberty and low levels of corruption tend to be considered 'Western'. That's why clearly non-European nations like South Korea and Japan with distinctly non-European cultural heritage are 'Western' but... | [
"Educated guess that Worldwide colonization by uk caused many parts of the world to speak the language."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do sheep keep from turning into massive wool-clouds when they are in the wild and not being sheered? | [
"Wild sheep shed their wool seasonally. Domesticated sheep do not because humans specifically bred them not to shed"
] | [
"If a wild cat had hair that matted, it would soon die. So it wouldn't have many kittens, so cats with hair that shed cleanly without matting would predominate. We started breeding cats with thick, soft fur, because we found them more cuddly. So instead of this thick, easily matted fur dying out, it survived, so w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is cell service so erratic in the mountains? Mountains don't move, so why is the connection not constantly good or bad? | [
"For one, rock and other materials on a mountain can block signals (akin to how yiu might Not Have service underground in a tunnel due to the dirt and stone. Secondly, On rigid mountains, it can be hard for cell companies to place anntenas, as they usually require flat services for support."
] | [
"Your carrier allows you to connect to their towers and their towers only, so if you're not within range of one, you'll have no service. Emergency calls can be placed through any carrier's towers, as well as some reserved for other things, so you will almost always have service, unless you're way out in the middle ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Do productions really crash expensive sports cars for a single shot in films? | [
"I doubt they buy full actual sports cars to crash. The most likely scenario is they build a replica model of the body and put it on a 'normal' car chassis. I know a few of the cars blown up in Skyfall were relatively cheap 3D printed replicas."
] | [
"You go through a shitload of paperwork and permits to shoot a television show. Meanwhile the \"magic of television\" means that say it's an open public road, but in all likelihood traffic is being controlled in the areas where they're shooting. It's really no different to get a permit to speed, than it is to get ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What is the deal with the unholy trinity of Kroger, CVS pharmacy and Walgreen's? | [
"Kroger store manager here... 1) Proximity to one another allows stores to potentially steal customers away from eachother based on better service, instocks, cleanliness and speed of checkout. 2) there really arent a ton of high traffic intersections available to retailers, and it gets even lower when you factor in... | [
"No. They are reimbursed by the McDonald's corporation. It's like using a coupon at a grocery store."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is ADHD treated with stimulating drugs? | [
"ADHD is diagnosed based on symptoms of either hyperactivity and/or inattention. Stimulant drugs are so named because they \"stimulate\" the brain to release certain chemicals called neurotransmitters. They aren't necessarily named because they \"stimulate\" an individual's behavior or give somebody more energy. By... | [
"From their site: Please note that we do not prescribe narcotics or pain medications, that have been designated as U.S. Controlled substances as a Schedule I, II, III or IV drug. Sounds like they can do antibiotics and the like, though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
if our basic human instinct to survive is so strong, why do humans willfully continue to destroy things we need to survive? | [
"You seem to think that the brain is a perfect, logical truth-seeker. We are the first species on Earth that can completely destroy ourselves if we're too shortsighted with our use of technology and exploitation of the environment. Before recent times, there was *no need* for any animal to be able to think long-ter... | [
"They don't \"try\" to do anything. They simply follow their inate behavior, which is to reproduce as effectively as possibly. A more pertinent question might be why would something like humans, which *do* have influence over their thoughts and actions, actively destroy enormous areas of their host environment ever... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
EILI5: How come English doesn't use compound nouns like other Germanic languages? | [
"I'm on my cell phone in bed right now so I can't offer a long comment, but Old English used to have some pretty rad compound nouns called \"kennings,\" back in the days of Beowulf and The Wanderer. Google them. As for the reason kennings fell out of use, well, language evolves. Old English split from Old German lo... | [
"You got regular and irregular ones. Regular ones all follow the same rule, such as attack. I attack. You attack. He attacks. We attack. They attack. Present simple (if I remember correctly) I attacked. You attacked. He attacked. We attacked. They attacked. I have attacked. You have attacked. He has attacked. We ha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
The great depression ended because we entered World War II. Why did the wars in Afghanistand and Iraq screw our economy? | [
"Entering into WWII made a lot of jobs for people without jobs. When we entered into the Afghan and Iraq wars it only created more money for the corporations who make guns. WWII: Back when it started we needed a whole lot of manual labor to make guns/bombs/vehicles/equipment. It took a lot of people to do this so ... | [
"Would it be the best thing for everyone involved? These things have a way of creating more chaos than they aim to prevent. We (the USA) thought that nation building in Iraq would be easy after Saddam was deposed. It didn't work out that way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Law and Justice:"
} |
Why isn’t the temperature of a vacuum absolute zero if there is nothing to store the heat energy? | [
"It would be if it was absolute vacuum (0 kpa). But we cannot get true 0 pressure even in laboratory conditions. Just like temperature we just try our best to get very close."
] | [
"There is no hottest temperature. Temperature is a measure of how much energy, on average, is in the molecules of a gas. Zero energy, zero temperature. But there's no limit to the amount of energy a gas *can* have."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Physics:"
} |
Why does a full suspension mountain bike require more energy to pedal than a hard tail? | [
"In full suspension mountain bikes there is a storage for kinetic and potential energies in the suspension device (e.g.) the spring. When you are pedaling on flat ground you exert a force and some of this will get absorbed by the spring, unlike a hardtail which would just transmit it to the wheel and move along the... | [
"If you'll notice on a woman's frame, the top bar slopes down, while on a man's frame, it's a horizontal bar. The reason for the downward slope on a woman's bike is so the rider can wear a skirt without it bunching up then stretching around the bar. However, there is no difference in the feel of the ride or integri... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why the waves don't interfere? | [
"For waves to interfere, i.e. cancel each other out or amplify each other, they have to have a very similar frequency, as in \"almost the same\". Imagine a lake. You throw two small stones in it, 5 meters apart. The small concentrical waves around each stone will interfere with those from the other and build a nice... | [
"dip hands in water first. Water and oil don't mix"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are there, for the most part, no "villages" in the US? | [
"There are all kinds of small towns all over america, maybe not QUITE as smal as a few houses on a road, but there are plenty of towns with one main street, a few small businesses and not much else."
] | [
"> cultural differences There are plenty of cultural differences between the East coast and the West coast."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What exactly happens with dissolvable stitches? | [
"To your body, stitches are a foreign substance, and the body is programmed to destroy foreign substances. Dissolvable stitches are made from natural materials, such as processed collagen (animal intestines), silk and hair, as well as some synthetic materials that the body can break down. This allows the body to di... | [
"They sew it with dissolvable stitches. The titanium implant will have small holes drilled in it for the surgeon to sew the ligaments to. Eventually, the ligament will attach itself to the implant and the stitches will dissolve."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why iTunes inconsistently "Checks its library", and why it takes so long. | [
"Most likely it is due to improper program termination. I use iTunes (Win 7 x64 version) everyday and only rarely have encountered the \"check library feature\" after a crash. You could delete the existing itunesmusiclibrary.xml in the iTunes folder in your music folder and force a rebuild. Good luck!"
] | [
"The uninstaller program runs to delete files that the program created during installation. When it's done, it deletes itself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does the sun provide vitamin D? | [
"It doesn't. Ultraviolet light just breaks down chemicals you store in your skin, with the result being usable vitamin D."
] | [
"Cold northern lands get less sunlight. Humans need sunlight to make vitamin D. Pale skin is better at producing Vitamin D than dark skin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does one sell their soul to Satan? | [
"It's a simple process. Disavow any religion, never give respect to religious procedure or show reverence towards priests, bishops, etc. Make sure not to follow any moral teachings, unless you're just a nice person and you feel like it. Anytime someone tries to proselytize you, openly mock them. Gamble once a week,... | [
"Someone told them what the answer is supposed to be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Is it just me, or does the volume actually increase during television commercials? | [
"it's a well known phenomenon. In most cases it *hasn't* increased in volume - most broadcasters have regualtions forbidding it - but the sound is compressed in such a way to make to make it seem louder, combined with the use of music and jingles which don't have much rise and fall in terms of volume levels"
] | [
"Because in a lot of ways it is no different than fast-forwarding through commercials on TV or going to the bathroom when they play."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do pet cats want you to watch them eat? | [
"When cats are eating, they lose their ability to hear. This makes them vulnerable to predators. You are their \"look out.\""
] | [
"They do it to get your attention. Cats learn. And they learn that if they push things of the table, you'll stop ignoring them and interact with them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
If the average human hearing is 20Hz to 20KHz, why do they sell headphones with higher ranges, like 30KHz? | [
"To get better results at 20KHz. The rules on this subreddit are forcing me to elaborate, but this is the simplest answer. Speakers with a 'response' from 20Hz to 20kHz cannot have a nice linear response (same output power for same input level, which is what you want for accurate reproduction of sound) across that ... | [
"They aren't hyper sensitive to sound, they hear a bigger range of frequencies. Humans hear from around 20-50Hz (deep sub bass sounds) to about 20kHz (so high pitched it's more like a presence, like turning on a tv with the sound down). Dogs on the other hand hear all the bass we do but they have better high freque... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Animal hearing:"
} |
if you were a multi billionaire, say you had 100 billion dollars. And you liquidated all your assets into cash. Then you burned all that cash. What would happen to the economy? | [
"The government would reprint the cash to keep the dollar value steady. Congratulations, you've just given $100b to the government!"
] | [
"Having most of your money in investments and stocks is not the same as having all of your money in it. Gates is worth 91 billion dollars, so even if he had only 5% of his money as cash on hand he would still have 4.5 billion dollars available to him for purchases."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Is light a particle or a wave? | [
"Neither. Both just happen to be things we are familiar with that approximate the behavior of light in certain situations. Light is exactly what the equations that govern it say it is. That is independent of how you choose to conceive of it in your head, and the true nature is hard (if not impossible) to imagine. A... | [
"Electromagnetic radiation(light, radio, microwaves, heat) does not require a medium to travel in. We used to think it did (The Ether) but discovered it didn't. Light is not just energy, as weird as it sounds, it is also mass. Just as a ball can fly through space, so can light (or radio waves)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What factors are involved with the decrease in the value of the Canadian dollar? | [
"A very big one is the current drop in oil prices"
] | [
"Some of it is because your purchasing power is relative to the cost of living where you are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Finance:"
} |
Why is hotel internet/cell service always so terrible. | [
"Lots of people concentrated in a small area all trying to use the same resources at the same time. Want fast hotel internet? Try it at 10 am on a weekday (if there are no conferences going on). Some hotels also now cap basic service and want you to pay for faster access. So they have \"free\" internet but it's onl... | [
"The bus needs to get the WiFi from somewhere. That somewhere is basically a cell phone and reception is bad in a lot of areas. What little comes through is shared by twenty passengers who want to watch porn at the same time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are reheated fries always so much worse than fries you just purchased from a restaurant/fast food place? | [
"When frying, you quickly boil away the water on the outside of whatever you fry by dropping it in hot oil and dehydrate the exterior of it. Normally, there's something starchy there that then forms a barrier for the inside of your food (in the case of french fries, the potato itself), which then retains moisture a... | [
"The ketchup at a restaurant is likely fresher than the ketchup you have at home, because they refill those bottles quite frequently. Also, restaurant ketchup is kept at room temperature. The flavor of ketchup goes bad in the refrigerator. You can test this by making some fries at home and comparing the taste of a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Food:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Food:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Red, Green and Blue make all the colors for TVs/monitors... Why not Red, Yellow and Blue? | [
"Monitors emit light, so they use *additive* colour mixing. Paints absorb light, so they use *subtractive* colour mixing. The primary colours of each process are directly opposed. You have red, green and blue in additive colour mixing because those are the peak wavelengths of the three kinds of cone cell in the ty... | [
"Complementary colors are at opposite ends of the color wheel. Each color contains every pigment that the other color lacks, so they provide maximum contrast. The primary colors are Red/Yellow/Blue. So complementary pairs are: * Red and Yellow+Blue --- Red & Green * Yellow and Red+Blue --- Yellow & Purple * Blue an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it hard to emulate old game systems with low-specs on computers with much more powerful specs? | [
"So emulation requires a LOT of power. Imagine that your PS2 is French. The games are French. Your PC only speaks English. So to try and read those French games, it needs to translate the French to English. The emulator program is the French to English dictionary. BUT, unless your PC is powerful enough, it can't tr... | [
"The main reason is that the CPUs and GPUs are very low powered devices and have excellent power management. As you rightly say your laptop is more \"powerful\" but it does draw much more power. What is remarkable is that these low powered CPUs/GPUs produce such great performance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why aren't land speed records set by huge vehicles? | [
"> So I'm wondering why land speed records aren't set by huge rockets tipped sideways on wheels. Their are different categories for the different records, all with their own sets of rules and regulations. There is a governing body, so you can't just \"build whatever you want\". > And in regards of Piston powered c... | [
"They're really, really, really, really slow. Compared to pretty much any other means of transportation, at least."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What do they mean by 'corridors' when talking of the MH370 going missing? | [
"I believe the ping delay allows them to have a basic understanding of how far the aircraft is away from the satellite, they know exactly where the satellite was. Not horribly dissimilar to how GPS works, only with one instead of three or four satellites. The other information they have (fuel, speed, last known, ra... | [
"The Airspace was open and not closed in anyway. In fact, it has been reported that 15 Cathay Pacific Passenger jest flew the same route in the previous 36 hours prior to the shoot down of MH17. The Military cargo planes shot down were at lesser heights and no civilian craft were previously targeted in the region. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does it seem normal and natural for older siblings to pick on their younger siblings when the parents aren't around? (Ages 1-8) | [
"As the eldest sibling it is our duty to assert our dominance of course. We are unofficially charged with keeping the baby siblings in line when our adults aren't around."
] | [
"It's to condition their children into calling their parents mommy or daddy. Well, at least in families with that sort of thing. It stops around 6-10 as that's when a child's theory of mind develops and they realize other people know things that they don't."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can I develop a visible jawbone through excercise or is it just based on genes during childbirth? | [
"Nothing is determined \"during birth\" your genetics are set at conception. That being said, a \"strong jaw\" is usually tied to testosterone levels during the developing years. Increasing testosterone levels during adulthood may help to define the jaw line slightly, giving a more \"masculine\" look, but It's not ... | [
"Just has to do with your hormones and genetics. Certain areas get more/less hormones based on your genetics."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Disney allowed to merge with all of these other big companies, most recently 21st Century, and not suffer from monopoly laws? | [
"Monopolization is, generally speaking, when you control all (or a substantial portion) of a _market_ or _industry_. Standard Oil was a monopoly because they controlled almost all of the oil industry; Microsoft was thought to be a monopoly because they controled 90% of the PC OS market. Disney, even as big as they ... | [
"You're probably thinking they're buying Time Warner Cable. Time Warner was a different company than Time Warner Cable, despite the name similarity. TWC doesn't exist anymore, having been bought by Charter Communications. Time Warner mainly owns media properties (things like HBO, CNN, and Warner Bros). AT & T isn't... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Entertainment:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Entertainment:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Who are the people commenting on news sites with extremist views and upvoting them? | [
"Assholes who are well liked by other assholes. Part of the problem is a sampling bias called response bias. The type of people who are most likely to comment are the ones who hold the strongest opinions. Those opinions are unusually extreme, and the only people who respond to them are people who hold equally extre... | [
"Because reddit has a lot of liberal users and people in general don't like to be criticized. Some of the articles aren't good in general but reddit upvotes plenty pieces of bad journalism."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does the spray the ref uses during the world cup work? | [
"I thought they used shaving cream EDIT: apparently this is wrong... they use a shaving cream-like substance, from what I can gather it's a kind of foam where all the foam bubbles pop quickly (about 90 seconds) after being sprayed, thus leaving no visible mark."
] | [
"A large area for discussion is how you tackle and intentionally hitting in ways to cause more pain. Lot rule bending in there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
- why your breath smells bad in the morning | [
"Hours of sleeping give the bacteria in your mouth plenty of time to reproduce. This is what causes your breath to smell nasty when you wake up."
] | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do we hate SimCity? | [
"_URL_0_ They're forcing you to always be logged in to their server to play a SINGLE PLAYER game. Annnnnnd, icing on the cake, the servers have been down since launch, which means no one can play it. Its a direct blow to the face, and a big-ass I TOLD YOU SO. DRM is Digital Rights Management, a way for them to copy... | [
"This is why we can't have nice things :( ."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is it when you way oversleep, you get a headache? | [
"You might be dehydrated. The longer you sleep, the longer you're going without water. Also, you might be over sleeping because you're sick."
] | [
"I do this with hangovers. You just need to convince yourself that you didn't get drunk last night, and that its just a slow morning and voila, you still feel shit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't we generate fake voices as well as we can generate realistic looking CGI? | [
"The benefit of CGI is that you can use it to create scenes that you couldn't easily produce with traditional methods, but it still takes artists a lot of work to do it. Hypothetically, I guess it is possible to engineer a realistic-sounding voice, but there's no point in doing so when having a voice actor is just ... | [
"They are all fake. The scripts are written by a human to make fun of the subject and the weakness of current machine learning."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Animation:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Animation:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
When people are sad, why do they want to listen to sad music? | [
"It's like when someone tries to cheer you up when you're sad versus someone telling you how they've been there and know how you feel so you don't feel alone in your troubles, either one can produce positive feelings. It's basically a cathartic treatment, a release to get rid of the sadness you have or take your mi... | [
"Because people like to sing. Do you not like to sing?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Is microwaving food bad for you in any way? | [
"The most damage you could do is nuke it so hard that it burns your hands or mouth. You can't get cancer from it, and you're extremely unlikely to burn yourself by standing in front of it."
] | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is it that you never think anything is weird when you are dreaming, it's only when you wake up you realise how strange things actually were? | [
"To be brief, during a dream it's basically your brain taking a rest. So like a computer it shuts off all non-essential functions, and one of them is called the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This part of the brain controls things such as memory and judgement. Thus, without this part of the brain \"on\" you lose t... | [
"While you're dreaming, you realise you're in a dream and take control. The hard part is not waking up once you realise you're dreaming."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What did de Blasio do, that is making NYC cops turn on him? | [
"Part of it has to do with what he told a reporter during a one on one interview. DeBlasio told this reporter that he has been teaching his son Dante, who is bi-racial to be careful around police officers. This led people to think that he is perpetuating the image of the white, racist police officer via the media."... | [
"The people calling for him to step down are (1) people who didn't vote for him and are upset that he is in office (2) people who believe conspiracy theories like the one about him telling the city not to clear rich streets of snow (3) people who are deranged by anything liberal/with a black connection or (4) peopl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Being a millennial who has been raised around screens of all types; how -realistically- have I been affected? | [
"By screens? As in LCD displays? As a millennial you are probably safe. Us old people who were raised around CRT TVs and displays have more to worry about. LCD displays are pretty safe as far as radition and other harmful effects are concerned."
] | [
"To many they are considered art, however I think a lot of it is due to age. Older generations are used to what they classify as art (film, images, music, theater etc) and less likely to assume an interactive experience as an art form. Younger generations who grew up with it could possibly see it as a mix of all ar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
how does Pi never repeat when there are only ten different numbers (0,1,2,3 etc.)? | [
"It's not that you can't find repeating sequences, it's that any such sequence is guaranteed to end, and not match the digits that came before. So there is no sequence of digits in there that just repeats forever."
] | [
"There are all different kinds of infinities, but they all have no limit. Between 0 and 1 there are infinite numbers, but they are uncountable. Same as between 0.54234972 and 0.54234973. All the natural numbers are countable, but infinite. The sum of 1/x (1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4...) is infinite although the terms appr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Mathematics:"
} |
Why is pink a girlish colour? When and how did this association start? | [
"Pink was a boys colour back in the 18th/19th century, and blue for girls. It's entirely a fashion thing, led by advertising and the media."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does alcohol withdrawal give you such vivid, and sometimes very scary, dreams? | [
"Alcohol suppresses REM stage sleep (the period when you dream), which your brain adjusts for as you become dependent. Once the alcohol is removed from the equation, your brain still tries to compensate for REM sleep being suppressed, leading to increased REM activity and vivid dreams."
] | [
"The short answer is that fevers can cause hallucinations, so if you've got some kind of infection causing a fever to spike, that could be contributing to making vivid dreams even more strange. People with sufficiently high fevers can actually have waking nightmares, or hallucinations will conscious."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are JPEG files still used today when internet speeds have increased which would allow for less compression to be needed? | [
"It is desirable to have compression no matter how much speed you have, since this allows more photos to be sent in less time and stored in less space forever. A popular website may send out the same photo millions of times. It adds up for them. The amount of compression in a JPEG is adjustable, so it doesn't have ... | [
"GIF is an ancient, and not very good format. Why it is still alive is a mystery to me. It was never designed to be used over network connections, which vary in speed and bandwidth. Modern video formats, like used by Youtube, are explicitly designed to start playing as quickly as possible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
Where do metal sparks come from? | [
"They are closer to the equivalent of sawdust for wood. They glow due to the heat from the friction of sawing the metal."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Are D-Waves actually quantum computers? | [
"In one sense, yes. In the most common sense, no. The most famous proposed quantum algorithms, like Shor's algorithm (which would break most of today's encryption), run on a universal quantum computer. D-Wave is not a universal quantum computer, and instead performs an operation known as quantum annealing. In orde... | [
"Yes, that's what Shor's algorithm assures. In an era of Quantum Computing, new Quantum Encryption methods would need to be developed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is there an anti-african movement in Isreal right now? | [
"Much like the situation involving Mexicans coming into the US, Israel is having a tense situation with people coming into the country undocumented from Africa. The Africans are coming in part because they can get jobs and be paid much more than they would in other places. Israel has taken some measures like buildi... | [
"more like ELI5 why is there so much tension between ethnic groups all over the world"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the skin of many penises darker than the skin of the surrounding area? | [
"Same reason vaginal areas are darker than surrounding skin. Not only is there increased blood flow in the region, but also greater levels of melanin, which causes dark skin tone. The more melanin, the better one's skin can hold out against the sun and damage. Considering that human males have their first penis on... | [
"Lips are red/pink ish due to the skin being extremely thin compared to the rest of the body"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why Americans and Brits have different accents. | [
"Accents are a product of who you hang out with, kind of like your hobbies. If 7 out of 10 of your friends like baseball, there is a very high chance that you will also like baseball, or at least know some baseball terms. Same with accents. Even though Americans and Britons speak the same overall language, we have ... | [
"It comes from reality. Canadians really are very polite. Source: I'm from Scotland, I moved to Canada a few years ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why can't Koko the gorilla just teach other gorillas sign language? | [
"Koko did teach a friend sign language. Koko's gorilla friend Michael, _URL_0_"
] | [
"Probably because we haven’t had to hunt and kill for food and survival in thousands of years. Also, that’s just our DNA. That’s like Koko the gorilla saying, “How come I had to work so hard to learn the basics of a language when human kids are learning mathematics with letters and putting chemicals together and sh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it physically possible for one-way mirrors to be seethrough from one side but a mirror from the other side? | [
"They are only partially reflective. If you look at a standard window, you can see through but you can also see a bit of reflection in them, especially if trying to peer into a dark room from a sunny outdoor location. One-way mirrors are closer to reflective windows than true mirrors, and they require the observati... | [
"They don't really exist like the ones that you see in the movies. What you do in real life to create that effect is to have two rooms with a glass window in between. Room 1 is darker than room 2, with some tinting on room 1's side of the window. Room 2 is kept very brightly lit, possibly with some slightly reflec... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why do so many people film cellphone videos in portrait mode? | [
"Because that's how you hold a phone when doing most other things. It doesn't occur to them or they don't care. It's easier to hold a phone one handed especially with how huge phones are these days."
] | [
"a better question would be who thinks it's a good idea to go to times square on NYE at this stage?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does diarrhea come so quickly when food takes hours for the stomach to digest and days to pass through the intestines? | [
"Digestion takes significant time *if everything is going nominally.* Diarrhea is well outside the range of nominal digestive operations. Your guts want to get rid of something, stat, and your asshole is the most appropriate exit."
] | [
"They absorb fats in your digestive tract so you poop it out instead of them being absorbed in your body. Fiber is indigestible to your body, it just keeps things flowing in your digestive tract."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are mobile websites much faster and more responsive than the dedicated App they beg you to install? | [
"Follow-up question: does it have something to do with revenue? Are there more ads on the horrible apps? Good question, OP!"
] | [
"The iOS app market is more lucrative, so it's not unusual for apps to be written for it first. Yes, more coding is necessary to bring the same app to Android."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What did the Marbury vs Madison exactly deal with and why is that case so significant? | [
"The *extremely* ELI4 version is that *Marbury v. Madison* established \"judicial review\" in America: The idea that a court's job isn't just to decide individual cases based on the law, but also decide if laws themselves are in line with the constitution, and strike them down if they aren't. This is a big deal, as... | [
"Good question :) This is actually one of the main functions of the US Supreme Court. It is their job to interpret the Constitution to decide if a given law is unconstitutional. Once they make a decision state governments are obligated to adhere to their ruling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
WHY do females ejaculate during intercourse? | [
"It's a happy accident of evolution. It doesn't have a functional reason as far as we're aware, which is probably why it only happens in some women, some of the time. Just when you orgasm, everything contracts down there and all the glands that are normally providing lubrication (and also the bladder) can be squeez... | [
"Your brain releases chemicals when you ejaculate: norepinephrine, serotonin, oxytocin, vasopressin, nitric oxide, and prolactin. These chemicals change how you think and what you want. I bet you don't want to ejaculate again right after you ejaculate, right?...right?..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What exactly makes cannibalism so unhealthy? | [
"I have a layman's understanding of cannibalism, but... Meat is full of stuff that can get you sick. Luckily for us, when we eat a different species, the pathogens that are dangerous to that animal aren't dangerous to us (this is excepted by parasites and bacteria, which are bad for most animals). It's the same pri... | [
"Because pizza is delicious and lactose intolerance isn't that prevalent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is wasting water bad for the environment? | [
"Water which has been purified for our use required energy to prepare. Making more will require the use of more energy which these days is typically generated by burning fossil fuels. So while the water itself is recyclable and renewable the energy used to do so is not."
] | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What happened in history to associate the Jewish culture with controlling the media? | [
"There literally are many jewish men in powerful positions within the movie and TV business. Here's a short list: *Gerald Levin - Time Warner, HBO CEO *Michael Eisner - Disney CEO, Succeeded by Bob Iger (who is also Jewish). *David Geffen - DreamWorks, Geffen Records *All the Warner Bros. *The Weinsteins (founders... | [
"The main reason is because of the religious background of the United States."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do researchers who do tests on mice have to comply with strict ethical regulations, and yet it is legal for me to use mousetraps and very painful poisons to remove them from my house? | [
"Research is just highly regulated in that any research animal must be treated with the utmost respect and dignity because its life provides us with valuable information that helps either their species or ours. Pest animals are slightly different in that they have the potential to carry disease, so they must be re... | [
"Acceptable risk. It is acceptable to put a mild poison in a pet's body, because the poison is protecting them from what could presumably be a worse sickness. Pet's are also shorter lived, so the poison has less chance to cause harm. And most humans have the sense to not go in places where ticks are, or at least ta... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Animal care:"
} |
How is /r/gonewild legal? | [
"Reddit doesn't own or even hold on to any images, it simply links to places on the Internet that do. To expand: Even though there are issues with assisting in the distribution of things like child pornography, as long as Reddit takes steps to ensure that shouldn't happen and doesn't willingly allow it to happen, t... | [
"Because they don't know /r/AskReddit or /r/changemyview exist."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
this proof that 1 + 1 = 2 | [
"The theorem states that if sets a and b each have 1 element, then being disjoint is equivalent to their union having two elements. The comment at the end refers to how the union of sets is used in their definition of arithmetic. Going through the proof line by line probably wouldn't be informative as it just refer... | [
"because 1 / 0 = 0 means that 0 x 0 = 1, and that is not true"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is the subject of blackholes so fundamental when learning about the nature of the universe? | [
"There are two prevailing theories that rule in physics: general relativity and quantum theory. General relativeity deals with really big or massive things like stars and galaxies, while quantum theory deals with really small things like subatomic particles. General relativity describes gravity, while quantum physi... | [
"At this point. Scientists don't even know if wormholes exist. We have never observed one. It is purely theoretical. However it is likely they exist according to our current theorys of space time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Data Compression. How can information be reduced in size and still be the same? | [
"Let's do this in a really simple, visual kind of way. Here's two ways of expressing the same thing: WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW 17 W's. Now, they both show the same thing. But the second takes up only 6 characters (including the space), while the first takes up 17 characters The same basic idea is how data compression works... | [
"Encoder - changes data into a certain format or \"code\". Usually it's to conform to certain standards for displaying the information, such as ASCII being the standard for displaying letters and symbols on computers and other devices, or .mp3 being a common format for audio data. Decoder - changes the encoded data... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Hypothesis part of the Scientific Method? | [
"It is possible to gather data with no hypothesis, and then create a hypothesis (based on looking at the data) and then test it (using numerical analysis of the data against the hypothesis). However, most a hypothesis is needed to tell you *what data to gather.* For example, if I have a hypothesis that protein in t... | [
"The things that are touching get tangled. ELI25 Version: Pursue a Ph.D. in Material Science...we still don't have all of the answers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why Internet Explorer is bad. | [
"This has been asked loads of times before, so have a search to get more answers but the some of the reasons are: Slow and sluggish when compared to other browsers, the worst web standard compliant browser, some people hate the fuck it is installed with Windows (i.e some people think Microsoft say \"don't get a cho... | [
"> Is there anything more to it? Turn left."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do some websites tell you that they use cookies and have a 'got it' button, if almost every website uses cookies? | [
"The EU made it mandatory for websites in that region to inform users that they're putting a small file on the users computer, that can be used to track that users browsing habit on that and other sites. Privacy laws are a big thing in Europe, so it was a long thing common. It basically means that you now consent t... | [
"Because most of the time, they don't actually know that you're using an adblocker. The way that ads work is that the website loads on your computer, and once it's loaded, part of it instructs your computer to connect to a different website to download ads to display. If your computer decides to say, \"Nah, I don't... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do surfers survive wipe outs on enormous waves? | [
"They relax until the wave lets them go then they head for the surface. By relaxing they don't get an elevated heart rate and can manage to hold their breath just fine. Remember, huge waves break into deep water so you're not going to get pile driven into a reef like at Pipeline and Teahupo'o Pretty much the longes... | [
"1). Sea creatures know when to get the hell out of Dodge when a hurricane is coming. 2) large sea creatures don’t dwell close enough to the shore to be pushed ashore by storm surge. The water is too shallow that close to shore."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
what would happen if all consumer debt in the US was suddenly erased? | [
"It depends entirely with *how* it was wiped. If all the companies that lent the money just had to deal with the loss of writing off all the debt, there would be a massive financial collapse including all the major banks. People would no longer be able to get credit cards, car loans, or mortgages as every lending i... | [
"That is like asking how do you operate as a person if you have a mortgage? You can operate if you are in debt. Banks from all over the world have lent the US money. Should we ever default the world wide economic system will be fucked beyond belief."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does your eye react to small things that you can't see and close on its own. | [
"Your brain reacts to a threat it \"sees\" before it processes what it has seen. That combined with your body naturally also getting on high alert in this situation help it to respond quicker than what we can physically see. Theres always a slight delay between what is happen and what our brain processes because t... | [
"Don't quote me on this, but I wanna say your eyes try to pick up on images or shapes in the dark rather than completely relaxing. Like how you can sorta hallucinate in the dark because your eyes want to make images out of it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What can cause stuttering on a person who didn't stutter before? | [
"you might be like me in that you don't know the best way to put what you are trying to say into words because of all the thoughts running through your head. that's my 2 sense"
] | [
"Sometimes, the lisp is the result of the shape of the mouth and teeth. In such a case, you may as well say \"I don't need a wheelchair, but I can still use one. Why can't disabled people just walk?\" Often, though, it's psychological, and can be trained away by a speech therapist. That's why lisps are more common ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Speech and Language:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Speech and Language:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are DVDs region locked? | [
"So that DVDs can be sold at different prices in different regions. Without it, someone could buy the DVDs in a cheaper region, then sell them in a more expensive region to make money. That would force the price of DVDs in the expensive region way down, and the maker of the DVD wouldn't make as much money both by s... | [
"Your 12 year old dvd \"Player\" ? Playing a DVD and ripping a DVD are two different things."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How owning a server machine is useful. | [
"There are several benefits, but it depends on how you want to use it. Here are a few: * You can build your own web site - you yourself will handle and control the contents and maintenance of it locally * You can have a host computer server and buy cheap network clients, that way you only need to maintain one syste... | [
"The fact that you don't have your own infrastructure connecting servers and computers to the Internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
How come when an object starts spining (like a helicopter blade) it looks like it reverses it's direction after a certain speed? | [
"Just to make sure, don't believe anybody who says the eye can only see something at X fps. Of course, we can't see everything super clearly, but to say that we have a defined limit is inaccurate, especially since fps is a technological term, and is not even applicable to eyesight."
] | [
"You throw the boomerang vertically, and spinning quickly. The boomerang, overall, has lift like a wing, which pulls it sideways. But because it is spinning, the top of it is moving faster, so has more lift, than the bottom. You might think that this would pull the boomerang over on the top. But spinning things don... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does dictatorship come with poverty | [
"Because the more money the populace has, the better educated they will be. And the better educated they are, the less likely they will be to put up with a dictatorship. Also, in more affluent societies, there is wealth distribution away from the government, which means that economic pressure can easily be applied ... | [
"As far as I can tell this is no more true in East Asia than elsewhere. In general authoritarian governments are resilient because they use arbitrary force to suppress competitors and rebels."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
"Light Pollution" and why it prevents us from seeing stars in cities | [
"When there is a lot of light on the ground, some of it goes up and makes the sky look brighter by lighting up dust in the air. And just like seeing a flash light in a dark room is easier then in a bright room, stars are easier to see in a dark sky then a bright sky."
] | [
"Heres a list: • Winter air is colder. Colder air retains less moisture. Drier air has less optical turbulence from moisture. In most places during Winter, the climate is more stable... which leads to less turbulence. • In summer time, the earth is facing towards the center of the milkyway, so we have more light p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why flies come right back to f*** with me even after I swat at them? | [
"They don't even know what you are. They don't understand the difference between you and an inanimate object. For all they know, your hand swatting them is an entirely different thing from your face or body."
] | [
"Mosquitoes - because they can smell you and you're delicious. Gnats - I've heard it's because they're attracted to the carbon dioxide that you exhale. Don't know how true that is. Wasps - because they're dicks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why were most presidents attorneys before taking office? What is it about the legal profession that creates so many leaders? | [
"Our societies are founded on law; which if you think about it are just promises made by the general population to behave orderly (but of course we have the police for enforcement) - so to lead a society founded on law & order you have to be well versed in the laws which dictate how society conducts itself. Also th... | [
"Work hard in school, go to an elite university, elite law school, work in an area of law that serves the public, parlay that into local elected office, then higher elected office, rinse and repeat. Read up on both Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, who each did what you are asking about."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If it's bad for you to eat late at night does that mean people who work night shifts are less healthy? | [
"The eating late at night stuff has been debunked. What actually happens is people who usually eat late (before bed) tend to gain weight because consume more calories - but this isn't a factor of eating late, but simply a factor of eating _more_."
] | [
"I'm sure it's the same reason you don't do what you're supposed to all the time. Do you always drive exactly the speed limit, never hit the snooze, never eat something that's bad for you, never drink or smoke or do drugs, work out everyday, etc., etc.? Willpower is a finite resource, for dogs and humans."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Sometimes when I close one eye at a time, I notice that each eye sees slightly different colors. Why does this happen and how does the brain resolve putting those two different images together? | [
"Aside from differences in the light that is entering each eye, it could have something to do with having a slightly different number of the types of cone cells in the retina of each eye. The cones come in 3 different types and they each pick up a different wavelength of light. If you have more of one type than ano... | [
"If you have only one eye, then yes. If you have two, then no. Something that is big and far would look the same as something that is small and close if there's only one visual field. However, as soon as you introduce a second visual field, even if it's right next to the first one, provides you with enough discrimi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
With 1:175M odds, and the jackpot being $500M, why wouldn't you buy one of each possible lottery ticket? | [
"You may end up splitting the take, and then you pay taxes. The odds are long, but if someone else winds the pot, then you're splitting $500 million with another person, and getting only $250 million. The government takes 50% of that in taxes (roughly), so suddenly you've paid $175 million to make $125 million. Oh,... | [
"As the jackpot rises and it becomes more publicized, more people play, which adds more money to the jackpot. If this continues through several cycles with no winner, they can grow rather dramatically, as we've seen recently with the $400 Million bump."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do hotels call it "continental" breakfast? | [
"It is based on traditional breakfasts held on Continental Europe (mainly France). It was inherited from our British origins."
] | [
"No, hotels simply get stars for additional services. E.g. the main difference between a 4 and 5 star hotel is that the 5 star one must provide 24-hour room service."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are 1080p 60fps videos easier to load than gifs? | [
"Gifs have notoriously bad compression, which means you're using way more bandwidth for the same image quality if you're considering 1080p60fps on youtube, for example, which has excellent compression."
] | [
"The Blu-Ray holds 50GB worth of data, and a DVD holds 5GB. Since you've got 10x more space, you can store more higher-resolution images: 1920x1080 at 60fps instead of 720x480 at 30fps. This means you get a crisper image and more smooth movement."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do prosthetic limbs work above the elbow or knee? | [
"So in most cases, above the knee (AK) amputees actually don't have powered or robotic or hydraulic knees. They are very very expensive, heavy, and mostly experimental. Normal people don't get them. Most use a \"free knee\", which means they must land on it fully extended so they can weight bear on it. Then when th... | [
"You have a higher concentration of nerves in your hand than you have in most other places on your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does ice cream taste sweeter after melting? | [
"Your tongue is better able to taste sweetness when the taste buds are not cold. So letting the ice cream melt somewhat prevents it suppressing your tongue's response."
] | [
"The icecream gives all of the trapped CO2 a reason to come out of suspension and form bubbles. It's called \"nucleation\" and it makes stuff like rootbeer floats difficult. Try putting the icecream into the soda rather than pour soda over icecream."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can pro gamers stream music while playing without getting in trouble? | [
"IT would take the copyright holder of the music to go through the effort of trying to sue them or take legal action, etc. And that would be only if they didn't think it was a good thing for their music (they may like the publicity and not care about charging mere pennies to broadcast it) So you can go through a ma... | [
"There is someone streaming a video game, and ads are occasionally shown. Twitch takes a cut and the streamer gets some money. The tournaments are not set up by twitch. Watching is fun for some people. Streaming from a DS is a pain, but not impossible. I however don't know the specifics. To stream on twitch you don... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do reality tv contestants afford to be on a show and still pay bills at home? | [
"Those shows are not filming everyday like you might think. My family had one season on TV. The film crew would come into town for a weekend and they would give a very strict itinerary for the events. Many events and different places for each day they were in town. My family would have to bring a completely differe... | [
"Kody is an advertising salesman which can mean he makes good money or no money, no idea. Depends on how good a salesman he is! He and all the other cast members are paid by the production company. The vacations they take on the show are also paid for by the production company."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't the Palestinians push for enfranchisement within Israel instead of a separate state? | [
"Historically the, Israelis have been more opposed to a one-state solution than the Palestinians. This is because Israel is the \"jewish state\" and it is perceived that creating one state for both Israelis and Palestinians would compromise this identity. Furthermore, Palestinians have higher birth rates than Israe... | [
"They are communities of Jewish residents built on land that is part of Palestine. In many cases they have displaced Palestinians in order to take the land. The goal is to make the land part of Israel, the reality is that it is fragmenting the land that should be Palestine into tiny islands that will be unmanageabl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Aside from ethical reasons, why don't citizens physically take over a corrupt government and start a new one with new legislation? | [
"It's called a civil war. Happens all the time."
] | [
"What anti-government groups do you mean? It is possible that they are talking about being against a *particular* government (and implementing a new more right-wing one instead) rather than being against the idea of government as a whole."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that negative emotions can feel...nice? | [
"When you are feeling down, your body does two things. 1 - It tries to reverse this with happy feelings, caused by dopamine and serotonin. People who can't do this suffer from clinical depression. 2 - Because you feel sad, your happy moments feel nicer. If we never felt lonely, then being with friends wouldn't be a... | [
"and why does an itch feel so good?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why can we take hi-def photos of galaxies light-years away, but yet can only get little pixel pictures of Pluto? | [
"With a pair of binoculars you will be able to view huge skyscrapers from miles away. But you can't see a gnat on a car just 50 yards away. Same idea basically. Galaxies are massive objects lit by the billions of stars within them. Pluto is just a speck reflecting a tiny bit of light from the sun."
] | [
"Through exposure. Put a camera in a dark room and take a long exposure picture. They do the same thing for seeing things far away in space. The reason it takes satellites so long to get a picture is because they have been taking a long exposure shot the entire time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the document about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the document about astronomy:"
} |
So what exactly are Hilbert's Problems? | [
"The problem here is that you're asking for a layman's explanation for something that really doesn't have one. In order to understand this specific problem you need to at least take a short lecture in the basics of group and field theories. Some of these problems however can be explained quite simply (for example ... | [
"Can you better explain what you are asking about? My google searching doesn't exactly explain what \"The Three Liars Paradox\" is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the difference between a theory, a theorem, a postulate, a law, etc? | [
"I'm no scientist or mathematician, but here is my understanding: A **postulate** is a basic fact that we assume to be true when we build a theory. For an example, one of Euclid's postulates is that for any line and a point not on that line, there will be a line parallel to the first line that runs through that giv... | [
"A can beat B in arm wrestling. B can beat C in arm wrestling. So we can deduce that A can beat C in arm wrestling. A has bigger arms than B, so A beats B in arm wrestling. B has bigger arms than C, so B beats C in arm wrestling. A (by deduction) has bigger arms than C, so A beats C in arm wrestling. So by inductio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
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