query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Where does the term Generation X Y Z come from and now that we are on Z is AA next? | [
"Generation X was the generation after Baby Boomers. They were called that because \"X\" is the stereotypical unknown variable and, at the time, nobody really knew what they were going to be like. They grew up in a peaceful, prosperous time of American history without any major social strife. They were also signifi... | [
"Short answer is Yes. Longer answer is, not, really: We're only 15 Years into the 21th Century, so, yes of course there were more Serial Killers in the entire 20th Centuryas opposed to the (Beginning of the) 21th. But that doesn't mean that there will be less serial killers coming in the next 85 Years."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can fruit be GM'd or selectively bred to have no pips (eg oranges) if they wont be able to reproduce? | [
"They graft branches from the seedless variety onto pre existing root systems of non seedless varieties. fwiw, where are you from? Pips is not that common a term for seeds."
] | [
"The short answer is evolution, the long answer is that seeds prematurely consumed and spread through feces (ie apples) and being discarded (ie cherries) don't produce fruit, but fully matured ones do. Plants that evolved to produce a sweet product after full maturity would only be consumed by animals after having ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do companies give away free stuff to new customers but I get bugger all as a loyal customer? | [
"You said yourself you are a loyal customer. They've already got you! They're trying to create even more loyal customers like you via special promotions for new customers"
] | [
"I think it's more of an incentive for them to retain their client base by rewarding the customers one day out of the year with free product. For me as a customer, it leAves a positive impression on the company that just hooked me up with a free pizza/ burrito"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What characteristics make a certain liquid/solid "flammable"? | [
"Volatility, or the tendency of the substance to vaporize and form a gas. Liquid gasoline, for instance, is very hard to burn. However, the vapors coming off of the gas are easy to burn, because they have enough access to oxygen to easily complete the combustion reaction. As for solids, such as wood, the same princ... | [
"Most sodas are mostly water and sugar. The oil on your hands is non-polar, whereas water is polar. ELI5: soda bubbles lose their surfactant potential when in contact with an anti-polar colloidal mixture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do artists in older bands sound so different than artists today? | [
"There is a thing called the ['Loudness Wars'](_URL_0_) which is probably what you're noticing. Basically, old music was recorded more simply, but record labels found people like songs more if they 'sound louder' (but aren't actually louder, really, kinda-its technical). So they started processing songs using a lot... | [
"They still do. Also, they didn't do so as often in the past as you might think. In fact, I would say the ratio of artists who write their own songs to artists who do not is probably very similar today compared to 50 years ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What exactly causes the mirage of reflective water on the road? | [
"On a sunny day, when the road gets much hotter than the air above it, a temperature gradient is established, which bends the light upward. What appears to be water is actually bent light looking at the sky."
] | [
"Besides your being torturously dehydrated which can have severe impacts on your reasoning and perception, mirages can actually be the result of some pretty cool physics. When light from the sky comes it an angle towards the hot sand or asphalt, it will actually bend away from the ground back up towards your eye. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How is it possible that police in other countries can fire their weapons so few times a year? | [
"For the most part in Great Britain police officers don't carry firearms. Turns out it's pretty easy to not fire something you don't have."
] | [
"The vast majority of police interactions in the U.S. are extraordinarily far from requiring a gun. When you call the cop because you've had a car accident, when you call the cop because you come home and you TV has been stolen, when someone has committed fraud, when someone has evaded taxes, when someone fails to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do sewer systems in tall buildings work? Does your crap free-fall all the way to street level? | [
"Generally sewer systems in high rise buildings are designed to avoid 2 problems. 1. free-fall of waste, both to avoid ramming into to the pipe at the bottom of the fall, and to avoid increase in air pressure in the sewer line at the lower floors. Increased air pressure might cause sewer gases and water in the P t... | [
"A septic tank is a waste solution for buildings that are not connected to a municipal sewer system. It's a big underground tank that's connected to your toilet and you fill it up with shit. Then microbes break down the shit and toilet paper. Eventually you need to have your septic tank pumped. They are very common... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How asthma puffers work? | [
"They contain a drug that forces all the tiny pathways in your lungs to open up. The misting just makes it easier to inhale and get where it needs to be quickly, rather than taking pill and waiting an hour for it to start working."
] | [
"How do you know you don’t have exercise induced asthma?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Fitness:"
} |
why do painkillers like percocet and vicodin contain a little bit of the painkiller and alot of acetaminophen | [
"APAP (acetaminiophen) kills pain in different ways than opiates & combining the two is far more effective than just taking the opiate alone. This means you can take a cocktail of the two and get better pain relief with lower cost/addiction potential. Another benefit - if you're concerned about law+order and preven... | [
"I can think of one example.. a non prescription pain killer I use is 15mg of codeine and 500mg paracetamol.. there is a prescription version that is 30mg codeine and 500mg paracetamol.. both versions have a daily maximum of 8 tablets (I think).. from what I understand, the paracetamol is damaging to your liver at ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did hitting electronics (like old T.Vs) temporarily "fix" them? | [
"Sometime problems were caused by debris on the circuit or a relay (spring loaded magnetic switch) sticking. Vibration might shake the problem free, restoring normal function."
] | [
"Electromagnetic interference from the signals going to the phone goof with the electronics that pulse the speakers and make little buzzing noises if it isn't shielded well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is it OK to use the same utensil on raw chicken all the way through until it is cooked? | [
"If you work with food then it's not. You have to have separate utensils for raw & cooked: and it's especially important with chicken. At home, using the same fork or something like that isn't really a big problem as it's not a big chance of bacteria being transferred in any significant quantity, and it'll be kille... | [
"Red meat (beef) is generally safe as long as the very outside is cooked. This allows for a wide range of preparation. White meat (chicken) on the other hand, can only be safely eaten if cooked all the way through. Edit: removed pork"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do Area 51/ other secret service workers get chosen? | [
"You apply to work for the government. Your next job in the government requires a higher security clearance. So, your life is investigated by the government, and they decide to give you a clearance. Then your next job requires access to compartmentalized information. So, you get a more through investigation. Eventu... | [
"Why can't you? What type of internet do you have?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can phones make emergency calls without a SIM card, reception, etc...? | [
"As stated already, you always need reception, there's no way around that. To explain the lack of SIM, you need only look at the meaning of the abbreviation: **S**ubscriber **I**dentity **M**odule. A SIM is not actually required to make a phone call, it's just required to identify you and associate your phone with ... | [
"Older phones' main functions were provided over the cellular network. They used the SIM to make and receive calls and send and receive text messages. Older phones did not have the concept of WiFi or Apps used for something other than communicating. Hence there wasn't a point of the phone unless it had a valid SIM.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Would it be possible to implement universal healthcare by state? | [
"Sure. That's what Canada does. Both Vermont and Colorado have said they're looking into it, at some point in the recent past. I think that shows that it is possible to some degree, and experts have at least toyed with the idea. I imagine state taxes will go up by a bit, but I think people will be fine with it even... | [
"As a follow-up question, what was the reasoning given to found the DEA and not just roll them together."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do I use Flashcards for studying? | [
"topic name on one side, short description of topic on the other. So it could be an important name with a short explanation why the person, place, or thing is important. could be \"member of the XXX cartel\" with the members on the other side. Get creative, have fun. The point is to make a connection between the i... | [
"Download RES. It allows you to. The link is at the bottom under tools."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why and what are puppy mills and why are they bad? Why don't "ethical" breeders sell to pet stores? | [
"A puppy mill is a place that just breeds dogs round the clock and pumps out as many puppies as they can. The dogs likely won't get much attention or be able to play, run around etc its literally a puppy factory. Pet stores will buy from normal ethical breeders, but sometimes they might not realize that they are ... | [
"They hold the opinion that domestication is itself unethical. Since you can't 'un-domesticate' a dog or cat, they consider destroying the animal the most humane thing to do. This is why PETA shelters have 80%+ kill rates, which are significantly higher than other animal shelters. If you find a stray dog or cat, a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How are movie companies able to get entire roads/highways/places shut down in order to film? If I payed enough money, could I shut down highways? | [
"In theory? Sure. In practice? Not unless you have a good reason... like say a few million dollars and a movie to film. \"Just because\" isn't going to fly."
] | [
"Money and convenience. It's much cheaper to build a set that looks like a snowy tundra than to actually fly out cast, crew, etc. to a *real* snowy tundra. Not to mention that then you'd have to deal with the weather. And your cast and crew would not be so happy about spending months away from their families. And ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Law and Entertainment:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Law and Entertainment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Law and Entertainment:"
} |
How do transmissions such as Wi-Fi signals and cellular phone signals transmit through solid objects like glass and wood? I understand that it degrades the signal, but how does it still make it through in the first place? | [
"Have you ever shined a bright light through your finger tips? Notice how you can see the light coming though? It may not be as bright because your finger is absorbing a lot of it but still light makes it through to the other side. well wifi or radio signals are essentially light or electro magnetic radiation. They... | [
"Radio works by slightly altering (modulating) the frequency of a set radio signal (carrier). In AM radio you are alerting the amplitude of the signal and in FM you are modulating the frequency of the signal. It is not just limited to the frequencies shown on your radio receiver, but those frequencies were chosen f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Physics:"
} |
Why are car batteries so big if they lose their whole charge after leaving a dome light on overnight. | [
"They're designed to put out a large amount of power for a short time -- enough to start your car engine, which is heavy. But the designers assume they'll be constantly recharged thereafter (by the car's alternator or generator)."
] | [
"Turning the lights off uses no power. Turning them on uses almost no power, except for some fluorescent models where it can use up to 30 seconds of power. Short answer: turn them off, especially if you're likely to be gone for much more than a minute."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did the USA govt bail out the banks instead of the home owners? | [
"Because a bank failure is worse for everyone than homes being foreclosed. Though I'm sure someone who had their home foreclosed upon would disagree."
] | [
"Because when a company goes bankrupt, that means it doesn't/can't pay its obligations. What obligations does a bank have? Well it owes money to all the people who have deposited money there. By bailing out the bank you are indirectly bailing out the people who have deposited money there. And by letting the bank f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If someone needs a kidney transplant, does the donated kidney have to be from the same side? Like, can you replace a left kidney with a right kidney? | [
"When a person receives a kidney transplant, it is not in place of one of their kidneys. The new kidney is typically placed in the patient's pelvis. The artery, vein, and ureter (tube that connects the kidney to the bladder) from the donor kidney are then connected to the recipient's iliac artery, iliac vein, and b... | [
"The waiting list is for organs from strangers - like if someone is in a car accident and ends up brain dead, and if they consented (next of kin consented for them) to donate their organs, they go to whoever the most compatible recipient is closest to the top of the list. However, if someone is willingly giving up ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If the use of antibacterial soaps and careless use of antibiotics is discouraged because it could produce very resilient and dangerous bacteria, how come mouthwash isn't being given the same treatment? | [
"The \"antibacterial\" part of mouthwash is ethyl alcohol; bacteria are about as likely to develop a resistance to it as they are to bleach."
] | [
"Soap is not really antibacterial. But bacteria survives in the oils and dirt on your skin, which soap and water removes, along with most bacteria. This mechanism is not something that a strain of bacteria can develop resistance to, as much as it cannot become resistant to alcohol or high temperatures. There are so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Microbiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Microbiology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why are autocorrects getting less correct? | [
"Google Keyboard has been the best auto correct software I've ever used, it's fast almost always gets the word right, unobtrusive, and it leanrs what worda are most commonly used."
] | [
"What makes you think it's so much worse than the alternatives? Samsung's autocorrect is also legendarily awful. Unfortunately we're not very good at making these systems be both lightweight and smart enough not to get in our way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why isn't a vacuum created in my body when I fart? | [
"Vacuums would only be created with rigid bodies. When you fart it's more like popping bubble wrap; Your stomach compresses rather than having a vacuum."
] | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does water taste weird in the morning compared to at night? | [
"You'll have to be more specific, water sitting on your counter or stagnant in the pipes will be warmer and have more oxygen or minerals dissolved in it making it taste different. Other wise factors like brushing your teeth, or having a lot of build up of bacteria in your mouth while you sleep can affect the taste ... | [
"How much water is in the bath? How much is in the kettle? How hot is the bath water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is there a rise of radical conservative officials in public office around the world right now (e.g. USA, Brazil, South Korea, Britain, Ukraine, Hungary, etc.)? | [
"It's simple. 1% of the world population ,who are continually hording the world's wealth at the expense of the rest of the 99%, have been doing such a good job that lately, that the 99% started to take notice and even started a movement (by the same name) across the world, pointing out how more and more people fall... | [
"We had a nice honeymoon period after the dissolution of the USSR, but many of Russia's close allies are still with countries antagonistic to the US, like leftist leaning Latin American countries Cuba, Venezuela, Bolivia, and anti-American Arab states like Iran and Syria."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How are porcelain brakes, on my car, guaranteed for life? Do they never wear away? How do they not produce brake dust? | [
"Do you mean ceramic? They produce dust still, but it's light colored so it's practically invisible compared to the dust most other pads produce. They definitely still wear out but they have a very long lifetime. The ceramic compound brakes on my 330i have lasted through track days at Laguna Seca, California Speedw... | [
"Your brake material was carefully selected to avoid the sounds while stopping you. They actually also selected the backing material so it would screech to tell you to change the brake pads when worn out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is it hard to speak when we are emotional? | [
"Emotions are caused by chemicals being released in the brain. These chemicals can cause love, panic, fear, nostalgia, etc. When surprising information hits your brain, it can get flooded by these chemicals and can hinder other non essential brain operations."
] | [
"Because I've been told many times before to speak up so people can hear me. Doesn't always work well when you're an introvert :/"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What causes the “burn” in muscles when working out? | [
"When you perform strenuous exercise, the movement of your muscles require more energy than can be provided by aerobic methods which use oxygen from your blood. Your body is then forced to produce energy by anaerobic methods (without oxygen). These processes end up producing a substance called lactic acid which cau... | [
"There are two things that cause your muscles to ache. 1. Because the muscles have worked really hard, they tighten up 2. Because working out causes tiny microscopic tears in muscle fibres, the muscles get a little bit swollen The common, most well known treatment for achy muscles is heat, such as a hot bath. What... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is the letter "Y" sometimes a vowel? | [
"Even though we label *letters* as consonants or vowels, it's really only *sounds* that are consonants or vowels. And thanks to English's screwy writing system, \"y\" can be either - at the start of \"you\", it's a consonant, and at the end of \"try\", it represents a vowel (well, a diphthong, so it's sort of two v... | [
"Why does this small 'a' look nothing like a small 'a' when you write it...?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is the deciding factor in whether or not a light wave is absorbed or reflected? | [
"Mostly the electron configuration and whether the light energy is the right frequency to promote an electron in the receiving material. Light hits electrons, makes them more energetic, and they either do so stably, unstably, or just arent the right match. Arent the right match and they go dtright through, stably a... | [
"If the photon is permanently caught, it cannot make it to your eye."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do people "grow out" of allergic conditions like Asthma? | [
"This is ELI5, so simply put, your body gets used to the allergen that it overreacted to in the first place. The protein/carb/lipid tags on the foreign body are so familiar to your immune system there isn't any reason for it to go into a reaction. In theory most allergies can be \"cured\" this way, but for some rea... | [
"Allergies are hypersensitivity of the immune system to something that doesn't bother most people. If someone's immune system detects chemicals in the synthetic substance as a threat an allergic reaction can result. There are different levels of allergies like mild and severe reactions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does rain make us feel cozy? | [
"Less fomo: it's socially acceptable and expected to get cozy when it rains. Guilt free cozying without missing out on the coolest party ever or other socializing because there's a good chance everyone else is just getting cozy too."
] | [
"Why does a post about the need to urinate make me have to pee?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Health:"
} |
Say I have a bad cold with an impossibly stuffed up nose. No way to breathe through my nostrils. Now say I get kidnapped, and they put duct tape over my mouth. Would my body react to un-stuff my nose so I could breathe to live? | [
"I wouldn't worry about it. Next time you have duct tape (and preferably no facial hair) take a strip and put it over your mouth and try to get it off without your hands. It's absolutely trivial. The whole \"I have duct tape over my mouth so now I can't talk\" thing is just for the movies. Honestly it's one of thei... | [
"I've had it done to me. Basically, they put a towel or rag over your face, invert you so that water can run up your nose and pour water over the towel. While water is being poured you can't breathe and it feels a lot like drowning. In the brief periods between when water is being poured you can kind of suck in air... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the post about question:"
} |
Why does Nutella need no refrigeration or microwaving? | [
"It's ingredients do not spoil at room temperature until said expiration date, similarly to peanut butter, and is edible as is; the ingredients have undergone their completed industrial processing and are safe to eat from the jar."
] | [
"Are you sure you're not referring to non-dairy creamers? Half and half most certainly needs to refrigerated."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Food Science:"
} |
How can the car industry be so diverse, and still be so successful? | [
"For the same reason there can be dozens of fast food companies, dozens of soft drink sellers: there is a huge, huge market with lots of different preferences."
] | [
"People are speculating (perhaps right, perhaps wrong) that in the future they will be able to lower their costs or raise their prices, becoming suddenly very profitable. Amazon did that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Aussies, what are bogans? | [
"bogans are culturally marginal people. they wear shit clothes and speak in non sensical platitudes. they smoke value pack cigarettes and drink goon. they vote labor for the benefits, and are all about 'straya. they are borne of underage and unmarried parents - and again fall pregnant and create more socially paras... | [
"Why do British people say mate or git?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How can you not bleed to death when surgeons cut you open? I mean a papercut can still bleed | [
"They clamp major arteries, and use an IV to put fluids back into your body. For a minor surgery, the fluids are enough to keep your systemic pressure up while your body makes new blood. For major surgery, they give you whole blood or plasma, as needed."
] | [
"Read about a guy who passed out drunk in college, slept for too long on his arm, woke up and did bad enough nerve damage that he couldn't use his arm for months, had to undergo physical therapy for it, etc. Finally regained movement. Read another story about a girl who did the same thing with her leg and needed am... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do we know how old Saturn's rings are if we never been there? | [
"When you say never been there, people's may not have been there but the rings have been analyzed through Hubble, Voyager spacecraft and Cassini space probe. It used to be believed the rings were created like 100 million years ago but ring features seen by instruments on Cassini -- which arrived at Saturn in 2004 -... | [
"We don't always, but by looking at the characteristics of stars, their approximate age and how far away they are, we can figure out if it's likely they've 'died' or not. EDIT: Light moves at a certain speed, and if the star is very far away, it takes a long time for their light to reach us. Astronomers and astroph... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Astronomy:"
} |
The United States debt. Does it just keep increasing forever? what will eventually happen? | [
"Yes, it does; it goes up and up forever. In the late 1600s, a group of businessmen in England lent about a million pounds (in 1600s pounds) to the government of England. The credit of the government of England was so bad at this point that the businessmen demanded concessions from the government for making such a ... | [
"A few reasons. 1. Printing an excessive amount of money creates a lot of inflation. If there is too much inflation then the dollars that you have in your wallet will become nearly worthless. This has happened in other countries in the past and it normally came along with an economic collapse. 2. The debt isn't tha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If a person's heart stops, and blood stops going to their organs, they become brain dead, and then dead dead; why can't we just pump oxygenated blood through them artificially after an hour or so, to revive them? Why do they stay dead? | [
"On my phone but basically, your body uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor as it makes ATP (this is the form of energy the cells in your body use). No oxygen = no ATP can be formed. If there is no ATP, your body can't pump sodium out of the cells with the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, and the cell gets filled with lots... | [
"Your consciousness exists in the brain. The brain stem is tied to basic functions of the body that keep it running. Destruction of the brain is what death *is*. It is possible for the brain to be damaged in only the right places so that the body keeps on running but you as a person are gone, however. Meanwhile the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do pirates still exist today/what exactly do they do? | [
"More or less the same things they've always done: hijack ships in order to steal the ship itself and/or its cargo and/or hold the crew for ransom. Piracy really hasn't changed much for most of human seafaring history. When people think of modern pirates they usually think of Somalia although the problem isn't lim... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does a ship force a submarine to leave an area? | [
"The only thing a submarine has is stealth. It uses the depths, different thermal layers and silent operations to hide in the background ocean noise. Getting detected means the submarine is pretty much a sitting duck. It reflects either a mistake made by the submarine crew, or the skills of the surface fleet at ant... | [
"You don't have to stop every ship from coming through, just the majority. Also, as soon as neutral powers know that there is even a chance that they'll be shot down then they won't send stuff to a blockaded country. Lastly, they don't have to physically be in your way, they just have to be in range to detect and i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do gas stations with the same name, have different prices from location to location? | [
"Most such gas stations are part of something called a franchise, which means that the physical gas station you're at doesn't actually belong to the company that owns the name. Instead, the owner of the gas station pays fees to the company that owns the name, wears their uniforms, and follows their standard busines... | [
"Because is costs them money to bring that signal to you. Why does a gas station charge you 99 cents for a bottle of water when it falls out of the sky for free?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Entertainment:"
} |
Why do Americans in the highest income bracket and with the most education tend to consume the most alcohol? | [
"You are confused by the poll. The poll doesn't say that rich drinkers drink more than poor drinkers, it says that rich people are less likely to claim to be total abstainers. Why might this be? I can think of four reasons. The most likely reason for an American to abstain totally from alcohol are (1) membership in... | [
"Because a good deal of them are on fixed incomes. Many seniors in the US would be homeless without social security benefits. I'm not sure about your claim of seniors being the wealthiest members in society."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do sunburns feel warm? | [
"Blood is rushed to those areas for repair thus causing the feeling of more heat in a specific piece of your body."
] | [
"If it's hot enough to burn other parts of the body, it'll burn your mouth, too. In fact it'll probably burn your mouth easier than other parts of the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do worms travel with a single orientation? Do they have a "belly" side that they usually travel facing down with? Or do they just move without caring about their rotation? | [
"They have a \"belly\" (abdominal) and a back (dorsal). They are not symmetrical inside. The neural system is the top side, the digestive system is the bottom side. And they aware of which side is up and down."
] | [
"There are a bunch of theories, but the phenomenon appears to go *way* back in our development even to the origin of bilateral symmetry. A clever reason might be that an extremely simple organism detecting food on one side of the body would need to actuate the legs or fins on the other side to propel it in the righ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are wedding dresses white? | [
"Because Queen Victoria wore a white dress when she married Albert in the middle of the 19th century. A white wedding dress became fashionable, then the fashion turned into a tradition."
] | [
"Male formal attire has definitely changed, I'm bit an expert but I know that our formal wear has gotten a bit less complicated than it used to be. Do a Google search, you can probably find a lot on the history of men's formalwear"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does our vision look black and white when it is dark and our eyes get adjusted? | [
"In our eyes we have two different recepters called rods and cones. Cones help us see color and rods help us decern between light and dark. Cones are only useful if there is light, because color is a reflection of white light. Rods, on the other hand, are fantastic at making out shapes and figures when there is no ... | [
"Your eyes are made of lens that reflect light so it hits the nerves in your eyes and sends that information to the brain so your brain can make out an image. Well light moves different through different mediums and water refracts light much more than air. Basically put our eyes did not evolve to be able to see lig... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can dogs understand other dogs when they bark? | [
"Dogs don't bark in a language like how you speak English. Languages are an invention which must be taught to our children and requires constant care and revision to be mutually intelligible. Dog barks are extremely simple vocalizations. Though it is probable that dogs have a better idea of why another dog is barki... | [
"You can't understand dog? They talk with their tail, front legs, head angle, ear angle, and eyes. And also with barks, whimpers, chuffs, and snorts. I know exactly what my dogs want most of the time. Certainly more often than they understand what I want."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When it's sunny out, how does closing one eye allow you to open the other eye fully without discomfort? | [
"Because when you close one eye, you're instantly stopping 50% of the light from entering your brain. That's why you wouldn't feel discomfort."
] | [
"Dilation drops open up your pupils, much like they would naturally do in the dark, to allow more light in. Helps the doctor see better when he's examining your eyes. Going outside while your pupils are dilated hurts because your pupils are already open and they can't retract like they would normally, so the light ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Please help me understand what systemic vascular resistance is. | [
"Emergency Med. PA-C here. SVR is the back-pressure within your arteries that your heart must overcome each contraction to pump blood to the rest of the body"
] | [
"Could you clarify what you mean by natural causes?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How and where does acid in our stomach come from? | [
"Sure, we start out as a mass of cells, but that doesn't really say much. Cells are capable of a variety of tasks. Detecting light, moving the body, pumping blood, firing electrical impulses, creating new cells. Producing acid isn't especially unique as a 'cool thing cells can do,' cells do all kinds of crazy thing... | [
"It helps protect your throat, mouth, and teeth from the acid involved in stomach digestion."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:"
} |
the difference between murder and assassination. | [
"Assassination is to murder as beagle is to dog. Assassination is a specific type of murder generally defined by its political nature or the prominence/celebrity of the target."
] | [
"the fuzzy gray line lies around intention to discipline not intention to inflict harm."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
today's science's view of the shape of the universe. | [
"If you're referring to the \"observable universe\", it is the distance from Earth we've been able to observe. It's a sphere because earth is a sphere. That is not the whole universe"
] | [
"in few words - the idea that there is no \"right\" answer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
"pretty sure you're in some list now." Does the government really tag each individual as possible "criminals?" And if you do something illegal do they use this information gathered on you? Is this legal? | [
"It depends on what you do and if you get caught. If you get caught doing something illegal then yes the offence will be put in public records so anyone can look you up. You probably aren't on a list unless there is a reason you should be."
] | [
"Because the data that is gathered from someone's private life, taken out of context, can hurt them. Even if you have 'nothing to hide', what is taken out of context can sometimes be damning. Like say you had a lot of Muslim friends, and you decided one day you wanted to buy a pressure cooker because you need one f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Under what circumstance could residents of the United States overthrow the government if said person/organization would immediately be charged with treason and/or imprisonment? | [
"The entire point of overthrowing a government is that the usurpers are declaring that the government is not valid, and than none of its laws apply. If they succeed, then they rewrite the laws, and will not be charged with a crime by the new government that they create. Basically, overthrowing the government is onl... | [
"Countries cannot be guilty of war crimes, only people can. If a US citizen is charged with a war crime the US investigates it to see if there is enough evidence of the being a crime by US standards for them to be prosecuted. It will then have trial and if found guilty punish the person. The US recognizes no inte... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Does the Earth make a sonic boom? | [
"It doesn't, because it isn't moving trough anything. Sonic speed is based on the medium propagating the sound. No medium, no sound, no speed of sound, no sonic boom."
] | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What determines if gas is expelled out the body as flatulence or a belch? | [
"If the gas is liberated in the stomach, it goes up as a belch. If the gas is liberated once passed the pylorus, it will exit as a fart"
] | [
"Farts are caused by two things: 1 is from swallowing air which can come from drinking, eating, talking, etc. The air gets trapped in your stomach and needs to come out. What isn't burped comes out as a fart. 2. The food that you eat becomes digested and during this digesting process gasses are released. These gase... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why is it that elderly people tend to wake up earlier the older they get? | [
"You're looking at a biased sample set. Once they get old enough, they don't wake up at all."
] | [
"It's a myth that you aren't. You can wake them up, and if they might end up in a dangerous situation you should wake them up. They just might not like being woken up but that is not specific to sleepwalkers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How can so many movies claim they are the "#1 movie in America" and not be lying? | [
"By not defining what they mean by \"#1.\" If they don't say it's the #1 movie at the box office, or the #1 movie according to critical rating, or #1 highest rated movie on metacritic user reviews, or such, they're not lying. By not quantifying it they can easily decide for themselves what it means, and argue that ... | [
"The statistic exists, depending on where they pull it from 'America's #1 Comedy!' according to journalist A 'Television's Best Drama' according to journalist B Its like with movies that take one or two words, or a brief phrase, from a reviewer and add it to their trailers. The total review might say something very... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What does "paper money has no intrinsic value" mean and what are some examples to help understand the word "intrinsic"? | [
"Intrinsic means inherent value that the item has just for existing. When they say money has no intrinsic value, they are basically saying that money is valuable because WE say it is valuable, not because money is naturally valuable."
] | [
"This is a semantic question; I'm not really sure there's an ELI5 answer. \"Handout\" isn't a technical or otherwise well-defined term. It's purely color. You could consider any instance of government abstention from confiscation to be a \"handout.\" The fact that my income isn't taxed at 100% could be a \"handout.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Where did the tradition of having bedrooms on the second floor come from? | [
"Bedrooms have been upstairs since houses had two stories, because it puts them away from the public spaces, away from the livestock, and away from some of the creatures that crawl around on the ground. Also it's warmer in the winter, and catches more breezes in the summer."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do you run for president? | [
"- Convince a few wealthy people you'd make a good President and get them to help finance your campaign. Alternatively, be wealthy enough to fund yourself in the early stages. - Enter the primaries for one of the major parties, campaign hard in each state, press flesh, get people to believe in you, and solicit more... | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't we build a graviton detector? | [
"Basically, gravitons are just really hard to detect because their interaction with matter is so limited. We have the same problem with neutrons. It takes massive underground tanks just to detect a couple neutrinos. Detecting gravitons is several orders of magnitudes larger. To simplify the passage you posted, if w... | [
"The expense of building a giant slingshot would far outweigh the expense of just building a bigger rocket."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is is Possible for a Moon (Satellite) to Have its own Moon? | [
"Yep. It's completely possible. From a physics standpoint there's really no different between the Moon orbiting the Earth and the Moon orbiting the Earth which is orbiting the Sun. The reason you don't see many natural satellite around planets' moon is because, on a long enough timeline and given the relatively sma... | [
"It's about the recent Findings of a NASA Sattelite called MAVEN. MAVEN has been launched about 2 Years ago and since has been gathering Information about Mars' Atmosphere. During this time it has found Northern Lights for example. The recent Findings are about the Atmosphere loosing tiny amounts of Gas (about 100g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do elderly people get shorter as they age? | [
"It's most likely to do with posture and strength of the intervertebral discs within your spine. In your spine, between each vertebrae (bones surrounding and protecting your spinal cord) are discs full of fluid (known as intervertebral discs). As you age, you lose this fluid, which leads to those discs becoming com... | [
"Because people live long enough to get cancer. The more and more your cells divide, the greater your chances of getting cancer, so as people don't die in their 50s of heart attacks, they get cancer in their 70s. Also, several types of cancer are way down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do Americans afford/pay for their extortionate healthcare fees and why is the government so unwilling to help? | [
"Most Americans can't actually afford their healthcare. So your option is hope that random pain you're feeling isn't serious enough to put you down so badly other people take you to the ER. Or alternatively hope it kills you quickly so that there is no need for a doctor. Govt. doesn't give a shit for a multitude of... | [
"Because hospitals, pharmacies, and doctors are fleecing the country through the insurance companies. Thankfully we're all legally required to participate now. At least we can all shoulder the burden. :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How can generic supermarket brands like Great Value and Kirkland produce such a variety of different products and and still maintain good quality and value? | [
"They don't pay for advertising. Their products are usually made by the exact same manufacturers as the \"brand name\" products you would otherwise buy. However, those other products spend a significant amount of money on advertising. You know all that \"free\" stuff you get everywhere? Like free radio? Free redd... | [
"Wal-Mart is notorious for selling lower quality versions of similar products at other stores. They have other angles, but above all, keep an eye on the quality at Wal-Mart, it is noticeably less than other stores."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Retail:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Retail:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does a negative number when multiplied by another negative equal a positive? | [
"Because it actually is just getting negated twice. So -2 × -5 = -(-10) = 10 The reason --10 = 10 is essentially because negation is making things opposite, and if you flip things twice, you generally end up back where you started. What's the opposite of Up? Down... What's the opposite of Down? Up. So what's the o... | [
"You can't divide by zero because it won't give you a single answer; instead it gives you every answer. When you say that 10 divided by 5 is 2, you are also saying that 2 multiplied by 5 is 10. But because every single number multiplied by zero is zero, if you divide by zero you get every single number."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are abs shaped like little squares instead of being one large muscle? | [
"It's actually two muscles, one long one on each side (running top to bottom). What creates the indents is connective tissue. The muscles are called the rectus abdonimus and the connecting tissue is called linea alba."
] | [
"It adds strength to the glass bottle. This is similar to soda cans too. I'm sure you heard that an arch is a very strong support system, right? The romans used it all the time and it is still used today. Well, what is a concave bottom of the bottle but a bunch of arches lines up into a circle? It makes for bottle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are aliens portrayed as stronger and superior? | [
"The general thought I see it as: If an alien race has the technology to come to our planet, they are technologically advanced/superior to our own. But, this isn't always 100% accurate: See War of the Worlds, where they are stopped not by humans, but by disease that we are immune to (or well, resistant to the point... | [
"Would you rather have a fight with 5' or 6' guy? You picked the 5' guy right? This comes from a very basic assumption that the bigger something is the more powerful it is. And it's the same between humans, dogs, lions and all the other animals."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did the first STD's originate? | [
"The fact people are born virgins doesn't matter, it's what happens after they have sex. Probably the first STD was transmitted by some other means AND could be transferred sexually. If there were 1000 strains of a virus and one could be transmitted two ways instead of one, that strain would have an advantage. Even... | [
"To be a little less specific, what did people think the future in general would be like before the Industrial Revolution?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
to a European why so many Americans value the founding father's opinions and views over anything else? It seems in America, the "founding fathers" opinions are viewed as the sole acceptable opinion by many when there must be many others intelligent enough born after the "founding fathers" | [
"The founding fathers were some of the best educated thinkers of their generation. They actually wrote the constitution with checks in mind to prevent future authoritarian leadership (such as a monarchy). They also knew the future was going to be different but wanted to assure principle freedoms to all persons. The... | [
"It's kind of a loaded question. Religious values were instilled in people long before America was a country, like thou shalt not kill. Many Founding Fathers used these values to develop what they felt were the best set of laws. Others, like Thomas Jefferson, who once wrote an entire Bible removing all references t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If I light a candle in my dark bathroom and put it in front of a mirror does that double the amount of light in the room or does it stay the same? | [
"I know this is marked as Explained, but I just want to expand on this. The amount of light in the room doesn't necessarily double. It depends on what you had before where the mirror is now. Say you had a wall painted black before. The black wall would absorb a good portion of the light, and the room would still be... | [
"An argument can be made that a mirror is more green than anything, considering that the wavelength for the color green takes the longest to filter out. Try putting a mirror up to a mirror to create the infinity effect. You'll notice a green twinge the farther into infinity you look. Or you could just call it silv... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can reddit have such severe and constant server issues over a long period of time when all content hosted on the site is text-based? | [
"A metric assload of traffic that surges every now and then. A metric assload of people upvoting and downvoting and commenting, resulting in constantly changing pages that makes caching comment pages pretty much impossible. Every user not only seeing the default subreddits has a customized front page. The site gets... | [
"They serve mostly text, which is far smaller than images. You can download the entire Wikipedia as of November 2006, and it's only about 6-7 gigs compressed. Hell, you can carry that around on a flash drive. Also, the text is almost entirely static. There are no huge and complicated databases behind the site, tall... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is there so much gang raping in India? | [
"You should check out the UN's recent study that surveyed men in South Asia and why they commit sexual violence. Though the study doesn't include India, it includes many surrounding SE Asian countries and the reasons for raping are interesting (such as feeling entitled to womens' bodies, not having learned what con... | [
"If you think treatment of animals is bad in China, you have to seriously look at the treatment of people in The Republic Of China."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
At what minimum time is it more efficient to idle than turn your car off then back on? | [
"For gas consumption...30 seconds. But it wears your engine bearings every time you start the engine."
] | [
"Without the electronics being computer-controlled it becomes difficult to essentially turn off the light with a timer that starts when the car is turned off. It'd be easy to just turn the lights off automatically when the car is off but there's cases where you might want to keep the lights on without the keys in t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What's the Difference Between the Shia and Sunni aspects of Islam? As both groups are following the Koran, whats the major differences? | [
"Basically after Muhammed died there were disagreements as to who should follow him and become caliph. Ali, the prophet’s cousin and son-in-law became caliph but only after a couple competitors were assasinated. Ali was eventually assasinated as well and it all went to hell after that. That was where the split occu... | [
"First of all, you have to realize that Saudi Arabia or ISIS don't represent the vast, varied, and complex religion that is Islam. Many women don't wear the hijab, or other veils. Of those that do, many choose to do so, and see it as empowering, rather than oppressive. With that said, in places like Saudi Arabia, i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why there doesn't seem to be any defense against a DDOS. | [
"So a DDoS would be like me having 1,000 people an hour call your cell phone, constantly, so that you couldn't make any calls and (more importantly) people trying to call you couldn't get through. Though in the computer world it's more like 100,000 or 1,000,000 an hour. The point of the attack is to prevent legitim... | [
"Does anyone else find it amusing that OP wanted to *break down* the idea of entropy?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't modern compilers such as gcc cut out the middle man (assembly) and compile directly to machine code? | [
"Assembly is just machine code written in slightly more readable form. There's no reason to cut it out."
] | [
"> it can't be a bunch of \"if\" and \"elses\", Actually, yes kind of is. Modern languages have ways to allow you to write a lot of machine code in fewer hand-written lines of code, but essentially it all gets converted back into a set of instructions which all basically get and set register values, test comparis... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's stopping us from harnessing the energy in lightning? | [
"Energy storage We simply have no way of storing the concentrated power but short duration involved in a lightning strike. People have imagined capacitor storage banks, heating piles etc. but as yet we have not created a technology that can store that energy quickly enough Any other method of storing energy in pre... | [
"Obviously we wouldn't have to be digging up resources and polluting the earth. On the other hand, all of that extra heat wouldn't be good for the environment."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do older movies look better on Bluray? Ex: The Shining | [
"Film records at a resolution higher then any current media form can play back, so they can take a movie that is old and still transfer it to new media like blue ray to give you a better looking product."
] | [
"Old 35mm film? Well, they scan them, usually at 4K, to future proof for UHD Blu-Ray, as 35mm is around 4K equivalent, movies like Lawrence of Arabia that are filmed on 70mm are scanned at 8K, to future proof for when 8K Blu-rays (or whatever format we will have in 8+ years), movies like Interstellar which are 70mm... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The Koch brothers and their influence on politics. | [
"The government was worried about people donating lots of money to candidates allowing them to buy more commercials, and pay more people to help them get elected. They were worried that If people could do that the politicians would do lots of things to help out their friends who helped them get elected. So the gov... | [
"Liberals support change while conservatives believe in tradition."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do I feel awkward seeing nudity/sexuality when I am with my parents? Its just the human nature after all. | [
"Normally we do not see our parents as sexual creatures. Since we do not look at our parents in a way befitting that type of intimacy, it feels wrong (edit: I should state \"wrong\" meaning socially abnormal, as much of the social stuff is learned behavior, that doesn't make it \"wrong\" in the traditional sense). ... | [
"the only reason we have shame towards it is because we are told from an early age that this is shameful. That is all there is to it"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What would happen to a human body in space? | [
"* Water on your tongue and eyeballs would begin to boil off. * Your eyeballs would bulge, and there would be pain in your sinuses and inner ears. * You would pass out in ~15 seconds due to lack of oxygen. * Over time, your body would dessicate."
] | [
"Absence of weight, basically the same principle applies to the astronauts that live in the space station."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What was so offensive about that Jeopardy champion contestant guy, Arthur Wu, and the way he played the game that made him so hated? | [
"Arthur Chu jumped categories a lot in an effort to hunt down the Daily Double. Some people felt this was unsportsmanlike. Others were annoyed because they couldn't keep track of the category themes when playing along. Because he was successful and nontraditional he be came a kind of villain for the very tiresome ... | [
"To promote something. Also, most mocking done on these shows is light at best and the people are often in on the joke. For example, when Colbert would ask ridiculous probing questions to his guests, the butt of the joke was always him. I can't imagine that most guests get too offended."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does cold metal feel wet? | [
"The feeling of \"wetness\" isn't actually a sense, but more of a combination of senses. If you've ever touches water through gloves, your hand feels like it's wet, but you're not actually getting any water on you. This is because, even though you have gloves on, it's a combined triggering of your cold thermorecept... | [
"It doesn't. Cold water freezes faster than hot water. This is a myth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do we feel so thirsty after eating sweets (ex: Ice Cream, Chocolate, etc)? | [
"When you eat sugar, it is absorbed relatively quickly into your blood. Now your blood has more molecules (sugar) floating in it than usual. Your body tries very hard to keep your blood the way it likes it (not too acidic, not too much water, not too much or too little anything). Now there's extra sugar in your blo... | [
"We're the only species who has invented stuff like Twinkies, Ho-Hos, Nutella, Toblerone, Reese's Pieces, sugar cane cola, macadamia nut ice cream, rocky road, cherry jam, Dr Pepper and honey chai latte."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Food and Beverage:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Food and Beverage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Dentistry:"
} |
How does red dot sights work? | [
"The dot in a red or green dot sight is not actually a coloured point that's hovering in a fix spot in the air like an iron sight does. Instead, the red dot you see is a reflection of a little red lamp that falls onto a spherical mirror which filters out only the red (or green) spectrum. This mirror is installed in... | [
"When you say night vision do you mean how do night vision devices work or how humans/animals see at night?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is it that sometimes we humans can sense when another human is looking at us? | [
"Confirmation bias. There's a ton of times when you look over and nobody is watching you, but you only remember the times when they are."
] | [
"The crushing realization of how insignificant we all are on that scale. Not everyone experiences this the same way I imagine. Some react with awe, some fear and some people, some people just want to watch the world burn. Probably makes those people happy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Bid-Ask spread and how Brokers make money off it. | [
"If someone comes up to you and says \"i want to buy a cake for $1\" and you're a cake broker, you would then go out to all the cake sellers and if one of them said \"i'm selling cakes for 0.98\" then you'd make .02 and selling it to your captive buyer for $1. like that. no actual cake involved."
] | [
"1. Investment banking (mega-banks) 2. Fees (account maintenance, overdraft) 3. Debit cards (1.5% for every transaction) 4. Fractional Reserve Lending 5. Wealth management"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
In regards to sports: Why is it considered "proper sportsmanship" to essentially stop trying when you are comfortably winning? | [
"...so as not to humiliate the opponents. Bad enough they lose by a minute, awful if they lose by a mile."
] | [
"Well I don't know how to describe this to you on an autism spectrum, but handling a loss is the definition of being a good sport. Whether you win or lose you need to respect the other team/player. Just tell yourself it's just a game and its not going to affect your life either way. A good example of a good sport i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can they tell how much oxygen is in my blood just by shining a little light at my finger? | [
"The colour of your blood changes when it's oxygen rich compared to when it's oxgygen depleted. Your finger is a good place to get a reading on that because it's quite thin (to let the light through) but gets reasonable blood flow, your earlobe would also be a good but less common place. [Here](_URL_0_) is a pictur... | [
"Is it blinking? Probably a plane. Is it not blinking? Probably a satellite. Is it daytime? Probably glaucoma. Have you gone and rubbed your eyes really hard for a minute? Stop doing that. Is it daytime and the dots are moving in waves? You might have parasites in your eye. Is it daytime and you've recently had las... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How can people tell when they're being watched? | [
"I am pretty sure our brains are able to process information very quickly related to a pair of eyes on a person (or some other animal perhaps) locked on us. It would be a valuable survival mechanism. And like most valuable survival mechanisms it will over compensate and be subject to false positives (no one actuall... | [
"How do you know you're blinking when they're closed?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
Why Does the Tetanus Booster Vaccine Hurt so Much? | [
"The tetanus vaccine is a toxoid, meaning that what they inject is not living attenuated bacteria, but rather the toxin that Clostridium tetani produces. This toxin is neurotoxic in that it causes intense muscle spasms (think the classic 'lock-jaw' of tetanus). This is what kills people who get tetanus (tetany is m... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is the minimum age for president in the US 35? Is there something special about that age, or is it just kind of a number that was decided on a long time ago and was kept around? | [
"The main reason is it really is just an arbitrary number they chose, but one which is sufficiently young enough to allow a good portion of the civic population access to the office with a reliable \"live til the end of the term\" while also ensuring that whomever gets the job is likely to have some form of life ex... | [
"Because there is a law against it. Sorry, there aren't many satisfactory explanations of laws because justifications are not required of lawmakers. They make a judgement call that the harms outweigh the benefits and define the law accordingly. It might be based on some scientific study, or it might be \"it seemed ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why can't Iran have nuclear weapons | [
"From a treaty standpoint, Iran signed the Nuclear non-proliferation treaty that states that countries without nuclear weapons will not develop them. From a practical standpoint, Iran has been very openly hostile to the US and its allies, with former presidents of Iran stating that they will \"wipe Israel off the m... | [
"> If a country like Australia wanted a nuclear weapon without a doubt they would be allowed to get them. Would they?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is going on with the lost IRS emails? | [
"The IRS (internal revenue service) is in charge of federal taxes. A scandal emerged, where it was found that the IRS was intentionally targeting conservative groups trying to get tax-exempt, not-for-profit statuses. Lois Lerner was the director of the IRS Exempt Organizations Unit, which decides whether groups are... | [
"Now you too get to see the terrible deleted comments! Welcome!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
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