query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What happens in the engine if you put diesel in a petrol car? | [
"If you have some petrol in your car and put diesel in it, it will start but smoke heavily through the exhaust. Damage will not be great to the engine though. However, if you fill in an empty tank of a petrol car with diesel fuel it will never start. If you've ever compared gasoline to diesel fuel, you know that th... | [
"Not all engines that use gasoline use unleaded gasoline. It's best to specify lest somebody fill up their gas tank and find their engine doesn't work."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How could a star be forced to explode? | [
"Maybe injecting it with a giant ball of iron. Stars supernova when their core turns to iron iirc."
] | [
"It would destroy the earth utterly. However, that can't ever happen. The sun is too small to ever go supernova."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Science:"
} |
How is it possible that I copied a file without copy all of its content? | [
"I would make another copy, and get the user to try to put more data into the file as they had done before - see if it shows up. My brain goes to PICNIC error first here. If your system said the file copied successfully, then it most likely did (unless you mean that computer 1 died during the transfer?). It's extre... | [
"Nowhere. The sector that the file was at is just marked by the system as available to write. All that is deleted is the index that says a particular sector is occupied."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does it hurt getting water up your nose when swimming, yet having a runny nose isn't the least bit uncomfortable. | [
"First of all, if you think a runny nose \"isn't the least bit uncomfortable,\" you've not had a real runny nose! It can be *extremely* uncomfortable. Now, your nose is designed to let liquids drop out, not to take them back in. When you get water (or whatever) up your nose, it goes into all the nooks and crannies... | [
"- They're not licking the air, they're licking their nose. - Your blowing air into their face dries up their highly sensitive nose, which is kept moist at all times. - Their reflex is to lick their nose and reapply the moisture. They can't avoid that reflex any more than you can avoid blinking when I blow air into... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do dark-skinned or black people have their palms and soles paler than the rest of their body? | [
"Come on people what's with all the shitty answers? Don't be sarcastic or condescending if you don't have an answer, just let someone else answer the question."
] | [
"It's not staining, it's pigmentation. It isn't always brown either. It's the same sort of thing that causes the skin around nipples to be a different color than the rest of the skin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Taxi Medallions, what is this system? | [
"There are large areas of NYC where only a taxi with a medallion can operate and they limit the number of medallions that they allow to operate in a given year. This registration system generates income for the city and ensures that there are not too many taxis on the roads of the overly congested city. Uber bypas... | [
"Small Population, High Tax Rate, Reasonably Successful Companies and Economy, and a Socialist System. Socialism isn't bad, its expensive but it also takes care of you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If English is a Germanic language, why is it so difficult to read texts/understand speech in other Germanic languages? | [
"English is the dirty bastard of Germanic languages. It is not German, it is rooted in the same early language group that gave us modern German/Dutch/Icelandic and the rest. English was heavily influenced by the Romance language group, particularly through old French, when the invading Normans brought it along. Tos... | [
"Actually, only the Romance languages are based around Latin, a relatively small percentage of Western languages. That being said... Japanese and varieties of Chinese belong to two completely different language families. They are as unrelated to each other as English is to, say, Arabic. However, because of centurie... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Language and Translation:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Language and Translation:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What would happen if the Earth suddenly started spinning the wrong way? | [
"If the earth stopped suddenly and started to spin the other way it would not matter because we would all be dead anyways."
] | [
"It spins counter to all other planets, as if it was hit by an object and spun the other direction like two pool balls."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about writing:",
"pos": "Represent the document about writing:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do cigarettes have so many chemicals in them, why not just tobacco? | [
"most of the dangerous chemicals come from the incomplete burning of the tabacco. Because you dont burn it with enough oxygen there are hundrets of side reactions which make polyarmatic rings carbenes and other nasty stuff. tabacco is a natural product thats why it contains a multitude of chemical building blocks. ... | [
"They don't \"put nicotine in,\" like it was caffeine in a soda or something - it's part of the tobacco leaves themselves."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
Do Alcoholic Anonymous (and its variations) meetings only involve standing up and sharing your story? | [
"As a medical student, we were required to attend several alcoholic anonymous meetings My impression as an outsider is that attendees shared experiences as a way of explaining how to apply the 12 steps in their lives. Voss their personal stories were more of an instruction on how to follow the system. The steps th... | [
"Most 12 step programs have a significant religious aspect to them. They use the fact that these are people who, when they choose to live for themselves, make poor decisions. Getting them to live for \"A higher power\" is one of the more successful ways to rehabilitate them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens to all the confiscated drugs, such as marijuana, that the cops collect? | [
"Specifically, Marijuana in B.C., Canada - I worked at a lumber mill. They have a [\"hive\" burner - where scrap wood is burned in a 60ft burner](_URL_1_). Late at night, a few times a year, they load bales of marijuana on the conveyer and let it burn. This takes a few hours to complete. As a side note: One of the... | [
"At the moment the federal government is not enforcing laws against marijuana in states that have decriminalized the drug. The FBI also has much better things to do than try to make misdemeanor busts against cooking shows."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do garbage collection services get caught up from taking federal holidays off? Same amount of weekly trash, collected in fewer days: they work longer hours? they run more trucks? | [
"In our city, they work 4-day weeks generally. (M-T-TH-F) For Monday holidays, they move M-T collections to T-W"
] | [
"Costs more money to have a delivery fleet out every day. Most people with time sensitive delivery requirements are businesses & they're generally closed on Sundays anyways. Sunday deliveries during the holidays are just a way to deal with the increased package traffic without having get more trucks on the road. An... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is it that big semi trucks last for hundreds of thousands of miles, but some cars start breaking at just about 100,000? | [
"I myself work in the mining industry in australia. Recently was at a site near coober pedy in the middle of nowhere. Maintenance is a big part of it. The road trains we had are tri-drive kenworth 908s or something but would do 6 trips a day so close to 600kms a day from site to rail siding and back a few times but... | [
"Read the fine print on the deal. \"Maintenance\" likely refers to a few oil changes, tire rotations, and wiper fluid filling, and even then only up to 100,000 or 150,000 miles. They won't be covering total engine rebuilds when the car has 287,000 miles on it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can child-actors play in gruesome movies like Beasts of no Nation? | [
"There are two routes. Danny from The Shining did not know it was a horror movie. His scenes were edited so that he did not have an idea that he was supposed to be in a scary movie. In Beasts of No Nation they went the opposite way. They were clear with the actors and explained what was happening. They made sure to... | [
"Have you seen an action movie recently? Those body counts are pretty impressive. How about a horror movie? Or some Sci-fi/Fantasy movies. Ever played a video game? (outside of My Little Pony Island Adventure which is the best game ever!) Violence is all around us still providing entertainment. We've just stopped u... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people in poverty stricken countries continue to reproduce even though they know their children are likely to starve to death? | [
"Because if you keep reproducing, maybe you will get lucky and some of your kids will grow up to adulthood, get a wife, and farm the scrap of land you own and provide for you when you are old and can't work anymore. You know, like how people did for pretty much all of recorded history."
] | [
"There are a few factors that would cause a countries population to be on the decline. One would be infant mortality. In a country like Japan with good health care people don't need to worry about babies dying young, so they don't need to have more children to compensate for that. Another reason may be that in many... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Sociology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Sociology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What happened to all of the sweepstakes? | [
"They were replaced by online contests through web forms and social media, which are faster, easier, and cheaper to both organize and participate in."
] | [
"Wanting to kill the shit out of Germans drives innovation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people not get electrocuted when touching a charger? | [
"There are two ways in which chargers prevent electrocution. The first one is that everything that can be covered in plastic or rubber is covered in plastic or rubber. Electricity can't flow through plastic or rubber. If something on the outside of the charger or device is metal, the charger (in Australia as the ... | [
"It's not good for anything except electrocuting yourself. If you plugged it in, the other end would be live and easily shorted."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does real life randomly feel like a dream? | [
"What you are experiencing may be some kind of dissociation, most likely depersonalization or derealization. It's neither good nor bad in and of itself, depends on what you make of the experience. As long as you are aware that these dreamlike feelings are just that, only fleeting feelings, you have nothing to worry... | [
"Isn't it just another way to take your mind off it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
Why is the word "'nother" so typically said after "whole"? | [
"This is an infix, a word inside a word to add emphasis (compare with prefix and suffix). It is placing \"whole\" inside of \"another,\" a-whole-nother. The only other common infix in English is \"fucking,\" e.g. abso-fucking-lutely and god-fucking-dammit."
] | [
"Well he don't know talkin' good like me and you, so his vocabulistics is limited to 'I' and 'am' and 'Groot,' exclusively in that order."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is deforestation such a large problem if it only affects the country where it takes place? | [
"First, it doesn't only affect that country; the entire earth benefits from having a healthy ecosystem. Second, the health of countries is intertwined; a desolate country that is economically desperate is going to affect adjacent countries."
] | [
"The main problem is cows require a lot of land for grazing. It takes a lot of grass to feed a cow. Claiming land for beef farming is the leading reason for Amazon deforestation. One counter argument that people sometimes bring up is the fact that C02 that cows emit was only recently removed from the atmosphere by ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how and why animals age differently to humans, and how we are able to calculate their age equivalence? | [
"If by \"Age equivalence\" you mean something like \"dog years\" that's simply a rough approximation. If a human lives 10 times longer than a dog, on average, then 1 'human year' is 10 'dog years.' It really has no particular accuracy beyond a rough demonstration of lifespan, and tends to be wildly off on things li... | [
"A genome is like a road-map of someone's genetic structure. Your genetic structure defines pretty much everything about your biology. This includes how you look, what you eat, how vulnerable you are to disease and how you're likely to behave. We can use genomes to gain insight into biology, measure the interrelat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't invisible rays like wifi and satellite hurt humans or animals? | [
"Does shining a flashlight at you give you cancer? Because visible light is actually on the \"more dangerous\" side of radio waves. Radio waves, like Wi-Fi, are the same thing as beams of light. The only difference is that we have special chemicals in our eyes that react with the electromagnetic waves we call \"vis... | [
"They use radio communications, kinda like really slow and long-range WiFi. Waves can travel so far because unlike in earth, there are very few things that get in the way of the antennae such as buildings or trees."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science and Technology:"
} |
What causes my brain to associate metal music as good but pop music as bad, even though pop music is designed to sound good to the majority? | [
"Metal is also designed to sound good. A lot of sound engineers work to make the music pleasing to listen to for hours as opposed to fatiguing you with harsh frequencies. The lyrical content can appeal to you. The groove of a certain musician can speak to you. The vibe created by the band can move you. The aggressi... | [
"Rhythm, repetition, progression and structure are what sets music apart from random noise. There's something in the human psyche that makes us find this pleasurable. Maybe it's because it doesn't generally occur naturally in nature, kinda like why we find geometric shapes appealing. There is however, a music genre... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
RobinHood: SolarCity and Tesla merged. My SCTY shares vanished. | [
"Your SCTY shares will be replaced by Tesla shares (TSLA) at a rate determined by the conditions of the deal. IIRC it's 0.11 TSLA for every SCTY but I might be wrong."
] | [
"IQTMPOA I've quietly taken my pants off again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do sitcoms have laughter tracks? | [
"People tend to laugh more when they hear other people laughing. Laughter is a pretty social phenomenon. Most people are more likely to laugh at a show if it has a laugh track. I don't know how that equates to viewership, but it obviously has some effect or they wouldn't do it."
] | [
"In some cases, the audience is a live audience. These audiences may or may not be told when to laugh. In others, the sound of an audience laughing may be dubbed in. Specifically for Drake and Josh, all my sources suggest it's prerecorded and added in later. (But can you imagine how awkward those laugh track pauses... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does this appear to move? | [
"It's an illusion that happens because we're constantly moving. Our eyes are jumping around the page while our body is twitching. If you stop all the movement and just stare at the picture, you'll notice it stops moving, too. (It's also got to do with the colours. The combination of putting dark shades next to lig... | [
"Why, when restored, don't they fix this then?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do we have that uncomfortable feeling when sleeping with limbs uncovered or hanging out of the bed? | [
"Evolution. People who didn't get that weird feeling when dangling their limbs from the trees they were sleeping on were killed by cheetahs."
] | [
"Normal, as you sleep with a pillow over it. You're simply cutting off circulation to your arm. So it goes numb. Try sleeping on your back, regardless there shouldn't be any long term damage."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why can't we have something to measure chemical levels and then make them what they should be in cases of mental illness? | [
"Because mental illness is quite subjective and differences in chemical levels of one person may not/May do more to another person"
] | [
"what type of medication? what type of problem? is there a maximum toxicity level across all patients? does the dosage work? yes, there are medications that are moderately tailored. combinations that work better in some than others. however, they are still mass produced and given limitations by the FDA and DEA."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Healthcare:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Healthcare:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are most of the animals born with good enough insticts to survive at birth while humans are so helpless? | [
"Humans are building a biological supercomputer, that takes time. Our great ape cousins are also pretty useless at birth, as are a lot of other mammals and birds. They're developing complex brains and behavior systems that can't be completed as quickly as basic body development."
] | [
"Its a natural instinct which causes you to do this, look at animals in the wild they have these instincts from the moment they are born and it works for Humans too :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
what do "C" executives (CEO, CIO, etc) do on a daily basis and why do they make so much money? | [
"My mom is the Chief Operating Officer of a company and her days are filled with different things such as conference calls, meeting with her staff to make sure everything is on track, dealing with other companies she works with, and a lot more. She also has to travel about once a month to go to meetings with other ... | [
"- The Board of Directors is elected by the shareholders. They are in charge of key strategic decisions for the company - The Chairman of the Board is \"in charge\" of the board of directors. He will often lead BoD meetings and have more direct interaction with the company day to day - The Chief Executive Officer (... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Early American territories and colonies. Who owned what, and how did they get it, and how/why did they lose it? ie: the Lousiana purchase. Florida and Spain, etc etc. | [
"[This is a really good article, and quite readable.](_URL_0_) If, after you read it, there's something you don't understand, please reply and I'll help out."
] | [
"...I think you have it backward. The English, French and Spanish colonized North America. The 13 colonies rebelled and gained independence to become the United States. England conquered France's territories in what is now Canada before that. What is now Canada stayed part of the British Empire. The US did try to i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do police catch cars using false licence plates? | [
"if you get pulled over, they run your plate and its not listed/different than what your car is you get in a shitton of trouble. you have to be really smart about it, because getting caught with a fake licence plate is often worse than whatever crime you were hiding from"
] | [
"Helps prevent criminals from finding you as well as preventing someone from somehow making a copy of your plate and putting it on another car of the same make and model and color and preforming illegal acts with it. A lot easier to find something like that online than in person."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can someone please explain the general ideas behind Healthcare Reform and why it is so controversial? | [
"Some people think every citizen in a rich country ought to get health care, even if other citizens must help pay for it. That would require the government to collect money and then spend it on health care. Other people think it isn't fair to make one person pay another person's health insurance bill, or that the g... | [
"Please be more specific? Political parties or how politics work? All the laws would be challenging... do you have something in mind?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What does a volume knob physically do inside a speaker to increase/decrease the volume when you turn it? | [
"You're actually controlling a variable resistor, a.k.a. a potentiometer -- which can control the amount current in a circuit. Lower current = weaker sound, higher current = louder sound. Basically, when you turn up the volume, you're allowing more electricity to flow through the circuit that leads to the amplifier... | [
"they don't, really, other than that the decibels increase as you increase the volume. there is no set relationship between the volume number on the TV volume control and the actual decibels produced. In fact, it varies quite a bit. One TV's 5 setting might be just as loud as another TV's 10 setting, for instance"
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people live in Places like Barrow, AK | [
"Some of them might be Native or just have grown up there. For the most part, people live up there to harvest natural resources. Alaska produces a shitload of oil & has lots of mining. It's a rough place to live, so they make a lot of money. Many people that live in Alaska working those industries will work a few m... | [
"Where do you mean? Europe? The US? Middle East? Africa? Eastern Asia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If homeopathy does not work, why are there so many people and organisations that claim otherwise? | [
"The science is 100% saying it does not work. You may have heard the term 'snake oil' at some point in your life. Homeopathy is a snake oil type product. People convince themselves that some product works because \"the establishment\" says it doesn't'. There is currently a large shift in Western thinking to go back... | [
"> Nothing about it makes sense to me. How does this work? It is simple: Saps pay money for a red LED light and believe any pseudoscientific nonsense that is tossed their way. The scam artist makes a load of money off this fad. Of course it doesn't do anything, there is no evidence that the \"therapy\" works, but t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do processed food comes with tag saying "xKcal". How would a bottle of 500ml of fruit juice have 43,0 00 calories(43,12 kcal ). | [
"Humans need 2400 Kcal per day This Food probably has 43 Kcal per 100ml Humans are lazy and tend to say \"Calorie\" when they mean \"KiloCalorie\"."
] | [
"You've misread something maybe you should upload the packet so we can understand where you've got it wrong. Beef jerky has approximately 33g of protein per 100g. It's impossible for 1 gram of jerky to have 10 grams of protein."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What was and is the purpose of the European Union and what happens when you leave it? | [
"The purpose of the European Union (EU) is to offer: - Economic stability and free trade between member nations - Safety and protection (other EU nations may be obligated to assist your nation in times of disaster/crisis) - Relaxed border restrictions between member nations (including the ability for EU citizens to... | [
"It's not about \"good thing\" or \"bad thing\" per se, but rather that being part of the EU is more important than being part of the UK. Until now, Scotland could have both, now they have to choose."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What does DirectX12/11 etc. actually do? And what is Vulkan and what is its significance? | [
"DirectX (more specifically direct3D) provides a methods for programs to draw 3D graphics. Obviously, this is a great concern with most modern games since a good deal of them feature 3D graphics. Though DirectX is only officially available for Windows. If you want to write games that run on any operating system, yo... | [
"* A low level api that allows more direct access to the hardware of AMD's GPUs using their GCN architecture. Giving better performance over DirectX which has perf issues. * Pros: Some of their userbase will get better performance, Easy to port between the new consoles. * Cons: More effort, Devs have to program for... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why don't athletes who attack other athletes in the middle of games get arrested on the spot? | [
"Courts have a long standing precedent to let leagues & sports organizations police themselves and for good reason. Sports are physical activities, which means people can hurt each other during the game by playing dirty. Sometimes, the only way to keep the other team from continuing to play dirty is to either open... | [
"They want to discourage it so that it doesn't become more common. They have a game to play (and televise, and sell advertisements for, etc) and don't want it to be frequently interrupted by people running around on the field. As well, if people were to run onto the field while a play were actually going, they coul... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Eye color play into attraction? | [
"Looking into someone's eyes can reveal a lot of information about how that person thinks of you. For example, if you look into your date's eyes and they dialate, you are *much* more likely to think they have pretty eyes. This is because eye dilation is a sign of arrousal in this context. Similarly, pupil dilatio... | [
"I don't know who told you that, but it is not true. Eye color has nothing to do with alcohol tolerance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
the difference between Tylenol and Advil and when you use them | [
"Tylenol's active ingredient is acetaminophen Advil's is ibuprofen, a NSAID They are similar, but NSAIDs help reduce inflammation. So if you your knee hurts due to inflammation, use ibuprofen"
] | [
"Aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen are all NSAID pain relievers that have similar mechanisms of action. DO NOT COMBINE THESE DRUGS. Choose one of them and then you can combine it with acetaminophen, which is a different type of medication. An NSAID pain reliever combined with acetaminophen is very effective at relie... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are AK47s and other Kalashnikov weapons so renowned? How do you make your weapons simpler and hardier than the other guy? | [
"No one has mentioned this in here, but all of the extra tolerances that make the ak47 more rugged also make it less accurate. This isn't an issue for most of the time. Edit. Sorry I really should have mentioned it's not just the large tolerances make it less accurate. Also to do with other design features."
] | [
"I feel like this is a question that should be answered by a panel like this. a popular question on this subreddit is why, on the on-set of WWII, America was the only country with a semi-automatic rifle while everyone else were using bolt-action rifles. Is this an accurate depiction of the arsenals of the different... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Does FLAC compression have different bitrates? | [
"FLAC has different levels of compression but they relate to how much CPU/RAM is used in the compression rather than the target bitrate. Since FLAC is lossless, it's not really possible to target a bitrate. As far as file quality goes, FLAC is limited by the quality of the input. If you have a CD, the quality will ... | [
"Just like with an image, higher resolution = bigger file size. The bit rate of an audio file (ie 320 Kbps) is essentially the resolution of the song. Higher bit rates = more bits of data per second of music. It has absolutely nothing to do with musical notes like one of the previous answers suggests."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why did people think Beanie Babies would be so valuable? | [
"Collector items tend to be valuable as they become rare. These where made almost solely to have this kind of economy where they can be traded and collected. Unfortunately for them though the economy wasn't handled correctly and they quickly became over populated and/or people moved on from them."
] | [
"A bubble is when the prices of a thing are inflated far beyond their actual value. Typically this attracts more and more people who are not interested in owning that actual thing, they are just trying to cash in. So you just have speculators selling from one to another until the price eventually gets too high, the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are many manholes placed right in the path of a car's tire on roads? | [
"I don't know for sure but I'd guess it's because the tunnel is under the road and the ladder down is on the side of the tunnel. Which more or less places the ladder under your tire, apparently."
] | [
"Most roads are crowned as to allow water to run off to the side. The dip will allow the water to run through the intersection in the direction of natural flow, i.e. to a drain or runoff. Take a look at the dips and see if that make sense for the intersection you are thinking of. It's like that near where I live."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do caterpillars know that they are going to become a butterfly? If so, how? | [
"It's a common mistake that people sometimes make to try to apply human levels of intelligence to insects. Insects are not self-aware. A caterpillar does not even know that it is a caterpillar. It is aware of the general shape of the surface it's on, and it feels hungry around things it can eat. That's really the ... | [
"Lots of reasons. Some of them because they are: 1) Full. It takes a lot of energy to fly around looking for food. Why waste that energy flying when you don't need to eat. 2) Cold. Insect movement is directly related to temperature. If it's cool out, they won't move fast. 3) Courting. Some insects remain still wait... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is Africa the least developed continent if humanity started there? | [
"Well, you can contrast Northern Africa from Southern Africa. For most of history, Northern Africa wasn't any less developed than the most developed parts of Europe or the Near East (although it fell behind in the early industrial period). In fact, Carthage and Egypt were among the wealthiest, most advanced civiliz... | [
"Have you looked at a world population map? Something like half the people on Earth live there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
"State Police Aircraft Used in Speed Enforcement" | [
"A few ways, the easiest is, sometimes you'll see white horizontal stripes on the side of the highway. Each one of those stripes are a mile apart. If you cross 2 white stripes in 1 minute, you are going 60 miles an hour. Under 1 minute, and you might be speeding. Some other aircraft are fairly slow, and can fly at ... | [
"\"Local Man Asked For Hit Advice On Reddit Before Murdering His Wife, Police Say\" - I can see it now..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
When you're drinking from a bottle, what stops more water from flowing down through your throat until you swallow? | [
"It's the back of the tongue. If you are taking consecutive swallows (fill mouth, swallow, fill mouth, swallow) it is the base of your tongue. See this swallow study link. The liquid shows up black, and the person drinking holds the liquid in their oral cavity with the back of the tongue. _URL_0_ It's not the epig... | [
"Capillary action. Surface tension of your liquid is broken by your lips, or you'd never get any of the liquid in your mouth. The liquid now has access to your skin, and the forces of capillary action causes it to travel along the connection between your lips and the mug, and find it's way down your cheek. Pressing... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How are mAh (and amps in general) and voltage related in terms of batteries? | [
"You can think of voltage as a measure of electrical \"pressure\". Amperes are a measure of the number of electrons, and voltage is the concentration or \"pressure\" of electrons. Imagine water in a pipe. if you increase the size of the pipe, the \"voltage\" drops and the \"amperage\" stays the same. if you decreas... | [
"Most of them just measure the voltage coming off the battery. The voltage falls as the battery discharges. This is not a particularly reliable method, though. Every battery made is a little different, they all have slightly different voltages. 100% charge might be 4.3 volts on one battery, and 4.5 volts on another... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
What are the differences between a 12MP DSLR camera and a 12MP point and shoot camera in terms of quality of shots? | [
"A point and shoot camera's sensor is tiny compared to a DSLR's. The sensor's size more or less determines image quality, which is why a picture taken with a 12MP EOS 5D will be much more higher quality than one from a point and shoot, even though the settings may be the same. One of the biggest differences is nois... | [
"Well, that may not be true any more: DSLRs in recent years have better video than they used to, since manufacturers realised that buyers want that too. Ten years ago, video on a typical DSLR was either absent or a gimmick. Now you can get a solid DSLR with lens for under $500 (before rebates), such as the Nikon D3... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why are mattresses so expensive? | [
"Middlemen. Let's say I make a pillow, and I want to sell it, but I don't know who I would get it to. So I tell my friend, Mr. Middleman, \"Hey, find someone to sell this to. I require that **I** get $8 out of it. Okay?\" He says \"Okay.\" But he thinks to himself, \"If *I'm* gonna be the one to find someone to sel... | [
"why are their tax rates so much higher?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Education:"
} |
Why did Microsoft stop supporting/updating Internet Explorer for awhile, but then later decided to resume updates? | [
"Microsoft never stopped supporting Internet Explorer. There was a period from 2001-2006 where Microsoft didn't release a new version of Internet Explorer (and they released basically nothing from 2003-2006) but that was because they were doing a security audit of all of their software after things like the Blaster... | [
"It isn't; Skylake still gets support from Microsoft out through 2018. The reason as to why there is an expiration date is because Microsoft doesn't want to keep supporting Windows 7, just like they stopped supporting XP, and Vista, and all of their other OS. It drains resources that could be better spent on other ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How does sharing a facebook post help the person who posted it? | [
"Er...people like to think that others care about the stuff that they post. The fact that people like/share it shows that I guess? It's validation from others and adds to their self-esteem. Very toxic in nature though, when people rely on it to fuel their self confidence. IMO I find it really really pointless and s... | [
"They don't, but if someone buys the page they can then post a status and get something in front of all of those people who liked it, and thats valuable to some people."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why, when presented with information contrary to their belief, do people tend to become more steadfast in their belief? | [
"What you believe is a major part of what makes you who you are. When certain core beliefs are threatened your identity is threatened and that is a terrifying thing that has destroyed many people throughout history. As such, when you are presented with highly contrary information, rather than finding it on your own... | [
"It's become subject to partisan politics. There have been interesting studies that show once people's emotions are involved facts lose a lot of meaning. We think of ourselves as rational beings but in reality it's very easy to ignore evidence that doesn't conform to your world view and to selectively give weight t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
how do companies like Amazon buy consumer products to resell and still make profit? | [
"Why would you think Amazon buying them be any different than Wal-Mart, Taget, Walgreens, etc. buying those consumer products? You want the same pricing on a consumer product that Amazon pays... you'd better be able to place a $1million order for diapers, or order TVs 10,000 at a time. Now Amazon can often undercut... | [
"A company wants to earn as much money as possible, so they change their website, selection etc. to earn as much money as possible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does what we eat and drink eventually become so much different stuff like skin, brain cells, hormones etc.? Are our fingernails really just remnants of dinners gone by? | [
"What we eat is essentially building blocks for our body. When we digest the food, our body breaks the pieces apart into individual blocks. Our body then reassembles the building blocks in a different order to create the parts it needs. Some of the food is used as energy for this reassembly to occur. But yes, you a... | [
"> Poop is just waste, right? Wrong. Or at least, poop is not just undigested food. Feces contain various other biological waste products that we can't stop producing. Things like bile, and broken-down, dead red blood cells. Plus, roughly 40% of feces consist of dead bacteria: You have **tons** of bacteria living i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the no true scotsman theory? | [
"It's where you make a statement, and someone finds an exception to what you just said, and so you come up with a non-reason why the exception doesn't count. [Wikipedia](_URL_0_) gives this example: Person A: \"No Scotsman puts sugar on his porridge.\" Person B: \"But my uncle Angus likes sugar with his porridge.\... | [
"There is no such thing as guilt by association in the USA."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Law and Entertainment:"
} |
Why doesn't the ocean's water leak out the bottom and into the earth's crust/mantle? The ocean bottom can't be completely free of fissures, can it? | [
"* the water doesn't have anywhere to go. There aren't gaping holes for stuff to fall into. Any holes there are has stuff coming out (lava), not stuff going in. * any water that does actually make it to a hole gets turned to steam pretty quickly (by the lava), and starts going right back up. * rock is more dense th... | [
"Not much will really happen. It's slow process, and will likely take years. We may have up to three poles during that time! It will obviously cause problems with anything that relies on earth's magnetism. Some animals may have a few problems, but considering the flip has happened incredibly many times in the past... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can diesel engines not rev as highly as petrol engines? | [
"The faster the revs on the engine the less time each piston has for a full travel of its stroke. Diesel fuel combusts slower than petrol and therefore cannot complete strokes much faster."
] | [
"If you have some petrol in your car and put diesel in it, it will start but smoke heavily through the exhaust. Damage will not be great to the engine though. However, if you fill in an empty tank of a petrol car with diesel fuel it will never start. If you've ever compared gasoline to diesel fuel, you know that th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Where do nuclear power plants get their nuclear materials from? | [
"Similar to gold, it is in the ground. People dig it up, crush the rocks it is found in and collect it. Only a few countries do it. Once it has been collected, some other guys make sure it is pure enough and that it has the right amounts of the right isotope. Once that is done, they form it into pellets and ship it... | [
"They take them apart and mix the plutonium with a ceramic forming a fuel pellet. These pellets are then shipped to the correct type of nuclear reactor and used as nuclear fuel. A lot of Soviet and American warheads dismantled due to treaties ended up as fuel in Canadian nuclear reactors as the two powers didn't t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it that rich kids in can get into the best and presumably most exclusive (e.g. Ivy League) colleges, despite having average or poor grades in high school? | [
"Give an example of a rich kid getting into an Ivy League with poor High School grades... I think you will be hard pressed to find one. Sounds like you are trying to say that rich people don't have to have good grades to get into college, which is a not true generalization. That being said, many private schools ta... | [
"Because acing a single test/set of tests generally doesn't get you into Harvard/Yale, or even mid tier colleges. In places where cram schools are more popular, your standardized test score tends to be much more important for placement in prestigious universities."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
how do two brown haired people create a blonde baby? | [
"In addition to the previous replies, some people are born with very blond hair that darkens over time. They have genes for darker hair but they have not switched on yet."
] | [
"Your mother had the recessive gene for green eyes, and that mixed with your dads green eyes to make you. I don't know about rarity for non brown eyes, they should all be rarer than brown. Source: My hazel eyes mom and green eyed dad made blue eyed me."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come you can put your finger in a bubble if your finger is wet, but not if it is dry? | [
"Water is made up of many tiny molecules. These molecules are too small to be seen with our unaided eyes. One drop of water is made up of thousands of water molecules. These molecules are attracted to each other (polar molecules) and they stick together creating a force called surface tension. Surface tension is on... | [
"Moisture content from the vapor. It's like when you are wet and a breeze comes by you feel colder than if you were dry."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How can you time travel if you are going faster than the speed of light? | [
"There was a young woman named Bright Whose speed was much faster than light. She set out one day In a relative way, And returned on the previous night. ~ Anonymous"
] | [
"You'd need to be travelling faster than the speed of light for that to happen. In the time that the light from the takeoff goes up into orbit, your spaceship goes all the way around the world. According to physics as we understand it, nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. So if you were able to do tha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do you just lose a Boeing 777? | [
"Satellites and radar are notoriously poor at seeing under the surface of the ocean. Which is where that jet undoubtably is, unless a James Bond villain has it in his secret volcano lair. Plus there's a pretty large area to cover. There are special radars that can be deployed by ship (and sonar), but they still h... | [
"Not that small. _URL_1_ And built to a much higher standard and of course cost considerably more. In the range of 7000.00 per tire for say a Boeing 747 _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
In chess, why do players resign when it seems like there is alot more of the game to play? Why not play to the end in case the opponent makes a mistake? | [
"Either you're in a situation (like king and rook vs king) where it would be an insult to imagine your opponent making the kind of mistake that would result in a draw, or you're in a situation where you can salvage a little bit of grace by recognizing an inescapable trap before it's completely obvious. It's saying,... | [
"There are several ways to draw in chess: * Threefold repetition. The same position, with the same side to move, appears three times. It doesn't have to be three times in a row. * 50 move rule. 50 moves are made without a pawn being moved or a capture being made. * Stalemate. The player to move has no legal moves. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How and when did capital letters become associated with screaming and loudness? | [
"Pretty sure that's inherited from comic books. The bigger the text, the louder the character is speaking. _URL_0_"
] | [
"OP, do you mean in titles or in normal text? Some people capitalize every word in post titles because that's traditionally how titles are formatted. In normal text, there is no good reason. Mentally unbalanced people tend to write in strange, idiosyncratic ways. Sometimes this can mean abusing punctuation and capi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are remote lock controls so common in cars, but not on buildings? | [
"well there are electronic locks now, some that can unlock by cell phone/wifi. some use bluetooth in close proximity. not sure why its taken so long though..."
] | [
"They are great for when lots of people are coming and going because it saves them from having to change the locks. When someone checks out of a hotel, the hotel just invalidates the card. People move out of houses and apartments much less frequently, so its not as big of a burden to change the locks. Also, those e... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do voters have to register their party affiliation, and what does that mean? | [
"IIRC: you only have to register your party affiliation if you want to vote in the primary. If you want to vote in the actual presidential election, you are not required to do this. The primary itself wants only their own people to vote in the primary, so people from across the political aisle won't be involved i... | [
"The primary is when the two private groups called parties decide who should be the candidates for the presidential election. Some states say that only members of the party get to decide who their party chooses. Some states allow anyone to vote in the primary. It seems many people wanted to vote in the primary, bu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What are the actual jobs of high ranking people in the armed forces? Generals, majors, colonels, etc. | [
"They are managers. Money, manpower, etc. The higher the rank, the more you become a politician and the further you are away from the reality of \"boots on ground\" or \"bombs on target\", just like the civilian world."
] | [
"A non commissioned officer is like middle management that deals directly with soldiers. They are the ones that conduct training and take care of the day to day stuff. They are enlisted soldiers. Think Sargent or Corporal or Petty Officers etc Commissioned officers are more like upper management that deals with ov... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do many doctors work in crazy 24-36 hours shifts? | [
"Most medical errors are made during the transition of care. So if a doctor works an 8 or even 12 hour shift, the care of a patient may shift 2 or 3 times in 24 hours. Miscommunication and not having a clear, full picture of whats happening with a patient are what lead to mistakes. The idea is that a person who m... | [
"Have roommates, live in shitty neighborhoods, forego basic necessities, work 2 (3? 4?) jobs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If there is a past image of our world being projected through space, could we use technology to intercept those images and see what our world looked like millions of years ago? | [
"The only way we could see an image of the past earth would be if it were reflected back to us. If there was some gigantic mirror out in space then we could look at it to see what the Earth looked like in the distant past. But, for many reasons, this isn't practical. But, we can't directly catch up with the image o... | [
"Theoretically, time travel to the past is not impossible, but the energy required to put any of the current theories into practice is so immense, it may be impossible for us to ever harness enough to actually time travel to the past. However, as computing power continues to increase exponentially, it might one day... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do electronics get ruined by water? | [
"Non purified water is a wonderful conductor of electricity. electricity will follow the path of least resistance. In devices electricity is only supposed to go where it is designed to go. the water lets the electricity go places it shouldnt and the magic smoke escapes."
] | [
"Do you know how a fan works? If so just turn it around"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't recovering drug addicts have alcohol? | [
"Some recovering drug addicts do drink alcohol without abusing it. Though, the statistics seem to say that most recovering addicts cannot drink alcohol without also abusing it. Most recovery programs teach that if you are an addict to once substance, you have the increased likelihood to abuse other addictive substa... | [
"I'm not American and I know plenty of people who got goobered up from anesthesia. Maybe people in the rest of the world simply don't feel it's right to exploit their friends and family for a few internet laughs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why there is so much "US Only" content on the internet | [
"You mean TV shows, like how we can't get on the Daily Show YouTube channel in the UK? It's largely because once you've made your programme in your native country, you can then sell the broadcast rights to channels in other countries. When you've got a show to sell, the price will be much higher if you can go to th... | [
"you see that search reddit box over there on the right? You search keywords from your question. Such as: \"search for answers about questions\" or \"how does the economy work\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Where does the 420 in '420 Blaze It' come from? | [
"4:20 PM was popularized in the stoner community in California in the late 60's early seventies. A group of friends, I think they called themselves \"the Waldos\" always met and \"blazed it\" around that time every day. They began to use 4:20 as a code for smoking. One of them had an in with the Grateful Dead, like... | [
"Whats the most \"anti everything\" thing you can wave in Russia? Bingo."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How did "zzz" become associated with sleeping? | [
"It appears to be trying to communicate the sound of snoring in letter form. The first use of the letter 'z' to indicate snoring seems to be from the 'American Dialect Society's Dialect notes, Volume 5, 1918'. It was then used in a 1919 book titled 'Boy's Life'. Then Life Magazine described it in 1922. > Snoring i... | [
"Relevant/expansion to the question: Why do we make noises when we feel pleasure in general? And pain?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How the hell does gravity pull things through a vacuum? | [
"It doesn't pull, exactly. It may be easier to think of space as tablecloth pulled taut; if you put something on it, it makes a dent. The \"dent\" is the deformation of space by the mass of the object. This deformation literally bends space and results in the object still going in a straight line that has been def... | [
"Yes, you answered your own question. Light cannot escape a black hole."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do my joints crack and click during random movements? | [
"Your joints or ligaments are filled with fluid and when you move it can create a partial vacuum. It expands and then rapidly collapses, creating a popping sound. Reduce the amount? Don't crack your knuckles. But there's no evidence that this can lead to arthritis or any other harm."
] | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it so hard to grip things tightly right after you wake up? | [
"While you sleep, your body makes a chemical that helps keep you motionless during your active dreaming. In some people this can take a few seconds or minutes to end when you wake up. This can sometimes do things like you are describing. In its scariest form, there are people who wake up paralyzed every morning!"
] | [
"Your face is swollen when you wake up from sleeping? You might want to stop sleeping hanging upside down, mate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What would happen if the United States stopped paying toward the national debt? | [
"The US defaults on its debt. Several nations with abysmal financial systems have done this in recent years. If the US government defaulted and needed to borrow money in the future it would have to pay a significantly higher interest rate, since creditors would no longer see the debt as highly secure. The US pays a... | [
"How do people continue to function when they have student loans, car payments, and a house mortgage? In the government’s case, it’s in the form of bonds issues, called Treasury notes or treasury bills, with various maturity dates. As long as the debt payments are a manageable part of the budget, then there is no p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is Russia attacking ISIS a bad thing? Why are not more countries fighting it? | [
"Russia has captured the moral high ground in framing their activities as \"attacking ISIS,\" but its real interests are stabilizing Syria with Assad remaining in power. Likewise, the US and its allies in the region (Saudi Arabia, etc.) are more interested in toppling removing Assad than eliminating ISIS. There are... | [
"The UN put an entire plan together to have Assad's government turn over their chemical weapons stockpile. It is just starting to happen now. There is also a very limited appetite among western powers to get involved in sectarian civil wars in Middle Eastern countries. See: Iraq."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about current affairs:",
"pos": "Represent the document about current affairs:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the standard for songs 3.5-4 minutes? | [
"Because of vinyl. When records were the standard for recorded music, the standard size for a record of a single was just large enough for, at most, four minutes of audio. To make the records much larger would have made them more costly and thus the music industry would not have been able to sell as many due to inc... | [
"Having data capped internet, what's the typical size of a podcast? Imagine it's not too large? 100M or so?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do cops arrest one armed people? | [
"*The usual method is to cuff the existing hand to the rear, and then put the other cuff through the prisoner's belt. If they don't have a belt, it's preferable to use a belly chain. In an extreme situation where you needed to immobilize someone briefly, you could cuff the existing wrist to the prisoner's ankle.* ^... | [
"It doesn't make the news if they follow their training which means tackling and holding down those unarmed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Law and Criminal Justice:"
} |
Why is self-plagiarism a concept (outside of academia)? | [
"The author might not own their own work. If King had written those words in an essay and sold or given publication rights to a magazine, it would be self-plagiarization. Also, the audience generally has the right to know whether they are hearing an original work. A lot depends on what a reasonable expectation of o... | [
"I'm sure some more will come to mind soon, but the first one I thought of: Ethicists. When a company or corporation needs to go through an ethics committee, those people are philosophers. Similarly, before doing any experiments (e.g. in science) you also need to get ethics clearance. Ethics is a big domain of phil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why are people allowed to make copies of games like minecraft then survival craft or clash of clans to clash of kings- they all follow the same storyline/ objective but they still don't run into copyright troubles, thanks | [
"You can't patent game mechanics, pure and simple. That's why words with friends could be made despite Scrabble being around (though they would probably have issues if they copied the layout of the multipliers). Story archetypes have been around since the start of stories so you can't really make a story that isn't... | [
"That Epic leased the use of their software to PUBG, presumably with an exclusion clause. Saw that pubg was doing well and decided they wanted to make their own game (fortnite). So pubg is suing because they were told epic wouldn't give the rights to their tech to anyone else, and then used it themselves. It would ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Since the volume of ash released by the Krakatoa eruption in 1883 lowered the average global temp by ~1.8 degrees Celsius for the following year, what would happen if we did something similar today using a biodegradable substance to combat global warming? | [
"The power of Krakatoa was equivalent to 200 megatons of tnt; or the power of 4 of the most powerful atomic weapons detonated at the same time. 6000 times more powerful than the bombs that destroyed hiroshima and nagasaki. If we replicated this explosion with atomic weapons it would create a fireball 30+ miles wide... | [
"Nuclear Winter is not a local effect resulting from an atomic blast, but rather a hypothetical effect from lots of nukes going off. The theory is that the nukes would kick a lot of soot and dust up in to the air, blocking out the sun. The blocking out of the sun would result in lower temperatures since the sun can... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How animals seems to have the sense from birth that fire is bad but humans often have to get burned before realising? | [
"Humans have made a sort of evolutionary tradeoff: we are born with our brains much less-thoroughly developed compared to their adult state than other animals, with the result that we are more adaptable, but must learn all sorts of things that most animals are born knowing, such as how to walk."
] | [
"Evolutionary speaking, if you could simply 'shut off' your pain receptors, you would likely die very early on in life and never have the chance to reproduce and pass on those pain-controller genes. Pain receptors are what teach children \"don't do that!\", with the ability to turn them off, children would do all s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do we say "cold doesnt exist - its the absence of heat"? Can I say it backwards? "Heat is the absence of cold" | [
"Heat is a form of energy. Cold is nothing, a lack of energy. You can supply energy to something, but you can't supply a lack of energy--you can only draw energy away to another place. The concepts aren't arbitrary; energy is something measurable that follows physical rules, just like matter."
] | [
"They remove heat. Temperature is just a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules within a substance, and 'hot' or 'cold' is just a relative measurement based on your own body temperature. You cannot 'create cold' because cold just simply a reduction in the amount of thermal energy in the system. Perh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Who are the "famous" redditors, and why are they famous? | [
"They have a LOT of Karma, and normally make good comments. They appear everywhere and they're normally at the top of the comments on the top posts on the front page. And as we all know, bitches dig karma = Famous."
] | [
"Creating content other people enjoy? Why are movies a thing? What do the creators get out of it? Why is youtube a thing? What do the creators get out it? Why (was) vine a thing? That's probably the more direct western analogue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do we get "sand" in the corners of our eyes when we sleep? And why do we not get it during the day when we're awake? | [
"The \"sand\" is actually dried tears. That is, tears are similar to salt water -- liquid with salts in them. Overnight, when the tears at the edges of your eyes dry, the salt is left behind as \"sand\"."
] | [
"Optometrist here! Your eyelids basically ooze really moisturizing oil whenever you blink. So the less you blink/the longer your eyes stay open, the tears on your eye are literally evaporating and exposing your eye to the air which causes that burning feeling! Super common these days the more you're on your phone o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
Does my breastmilk have healthier properties if I eat healthier food? | [
"Regarding healthy and unhealthy fats: generally speaking: the membranes of your cells always feflect the stuff you eat. Of course the body has its own fattyacid metabolism and can contribute here. but regarding the fats the general rule applies: you are what you eat. On the other hand: the milk you produce contain... | [
"We don't really know that much about nutrition. What we do know is that foods in their natural state are healthier for us than processed things. Supplements will help prevent certain diseases caused by vitamin deficiencies, but eating fruits and vegetables is healthier in general."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If you jumped in a giant hole in the earth that was deep enough to reach the other side of the planet, what would happen to you? | [
"Let's say the earth is cold and there is no wind resistance that can heat you up. Also the earth is not spinning, this would result in you ricocheting of the walls. You would accellerate all the way to the center of the earth, there you will be traveling at your fastest speed. When you are past the center you wil... | [
"It is currently not possible with today's technology. The core of the Earth is estimated to be as hot as the sun. And the pressure is far beyond anything we can make to stand up to. However, who knows what the future holds? Today's impossibility is tomorrow's routine. Fun fact for Douglas Adams fans: If we *could*... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
what is "Tilt table test" | [
"When people stand up, their blood pressure often goes down (because the blood moves down more into their legs). When this happens, in most people your body senses the drop in pressure and compensates by increasing your heart rate and constricting your blood vessels using whats called your autonomic nervous system.... | [
"I'm sorry, but what do you mean by the \"failure\" of Citizen Kane?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
When a woman gets pregnant, the present "physiological status" of the parents affect the baby? [read the text] | [
"If the damage doesn't affect either parent's DNA or the baby in the womb (like if mom has a stroke while pregnant) damage to the parents won't affect the baby. For example if your left leg is blown off in an explosion your genes still have the code to grow a left leg - it's just not there anymore. When you have a ... | [
"There are many causes and many different situations. Some defects are chemically triggered, a perfectly normal fetus exposed to thalidomide at the wrong point in its development will turn out with a defect. Some defects are genetic, through a copying error or expression of a recessive trait a fetus will develop wi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do bubbles appear at the heated area of a boiling kettle? | [
"All matter can have three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Normally we see water as a liquid. When water is heated above 100 degrees C (at sea level), it becomes a gas. This requires a lot of energy to turn the liquid (which is a lower energy state) into a gas (steam). Energy comes in many different forms. The one... | [
"When the oil goes into the pot of water, the temperature of the water is well below the boiling point of the oil. When the drop of water falls into a pan of hot oil, the temperature of the pan is well above the boiling point of the water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do Democrats and Republicans rationalize billions of dollars in tax breaks every year to oil companies? | [
"Without commenting on the merits of the argument or where I personally stand on this, the argument goes roughly like this: - Cheap energy is the cornerstone of a healthy economy. - Provide access to national lands and/or tax reduction for exploration and drilling in the US. - The more oil we get domestically, the ... | [
"To add to what others had said, they created a tax policy that incentivized outsourcing jobs and paying workers as little as possible while shifting as much of the money and profits as possible to the already-wealthy investors. They decreased the funding for government research & development that helped the US be ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is the evolutionary benefit or reason for the Tyrannosaurus' small arms? How did it succeed as a predator with this shortcoming? | [
"It's very unusual for a body part to evolve away completely. All land vertebrates are tetrapods - this means they have four limbs and a head. The only vertebrate I'm aware of to have completely broken that is the snake - other than that, everything has four limbs (although the rear legs fused in marine mammals lik... | [
"Very unlikely, because the Ankylosaurus was a walking tank. It weighed between 5 to 8 tons and was 6–8 metres long when fully grown. This weight was built up by the huge amount of osteoderms and bony plating on the animal. Frankly it's astounding that they could even stand. Given the amount of weight and density,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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