query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why Operating Systems are architecture specific (ex. X86 , ARM) but applications are not. | [
"Applications are architecture specific. It's just that you mostly use AMD64 (or x86_64) CPUs with fitting OS and then run x86 applications. Like the name suggests, x86_64 is just an extension of x86 and x86_64 is backwards compatible. You just can't mix both in one application. That's why your Windows has a Syste... | [
"OK so the x86 name goes back to the original Intel 8086 processor, and refers to what is called the instruction set of the processor - basically it's the list of things that the processor can understand. Now, over the years different things have been added to the x86 instruction set (you may remember the hype over... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did we discover math? | [
"Math is so pure and simple, facts are facts and concrete rules define all the relationships. Only Barbie thinks \"Math is Hard\", but her head is full of hair. Counting started before written history, systematic numbers were defined by the Sumerians, number place was invented by the Babylonians. More kinds of math... | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is tap dancing so ubiquitous in old musicals? | [
"Movies were still close to their live theater roots at that time, a genre where microphones could not be used. To entertain a large theater, you spoke loudly, sang loudly, and when possible, danced loudly."
] | [
"Hollywood movies all used to have songs in them too. If you have Netflix you should watch some old movies. I'd suggest Beach Blanket Bingo, any of the Dean Martin, Bing Crosby or Elvis Presley movies. (Not because they are particularly outstanding, but because they give you an introduction to some history of the m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is growth so important to an economy? | [
"For one thing, the population is growing. If the economy can't keep up than the overall wealth creation will be going down relative to any one person. There is also new industry, new technology and so there's always new things to demand. If a country is not growing than new workers will not have jobs and new produ... | [
"Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do some people go blind after getting eye color change surgery? | [
"I'd say it's Darwins law punishing them for spending their time and money on unnecessary cosmetic eyeball surgery."
] | [
"Is it blinking? Probably a plane. Is it not blinking? Probably a satellite. Is it daytime? Probably glaucoma. Have you gone and rubbed your eyes really hard for a minute? Stop doing that. Is it daytime and the dots are moving in waves? You might have parasites in your eye. Is it daytime and you've recently had las... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is deafness and blindness fairly common, yet we never hear of people with impaired smelling or taste? | [
"Impaired taste and smell is also fairly common. It however does not prevent you from doing most jobs, and does not hinder your social interactions so it being known publicly is not very important."
] | [
"Why do you want a \"feeling\" test? What benefit would it give you to know exactly how acutely you feel something poking you, or a fire near your skin? Does that really matter? You take sight and hearing tests because sight and hearing are essential for surviving in society and communicating with others, and a def... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
why does the knock-off movie market exist? Who is their audience? How do they make money? Example: Transformers had a knock off called Transmorphers. The Day the Earth Stood Still had a knock off called The Day the Earth Stopped. | [
"Grandparents and foreigners who vaguely remeber/understand the original title."
] | [
"Avatar would probably still win because there are more people on the planet now from when Gone With the Wind was originally in theaters."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How come so many people believe that "the _URL_0_" is real? | [
"My guess is that its the same way telemarketers work, they ring heaps of people and maybe only 1% of people will buy, but that 1% is enough to become rich. Since this website is a $100 subscription, all you need is 100 gullible people to scam and you're already $10,000 richer."
] | [
"This sums it up nicely for you. _URL_0_ It's basically to prevent view rigging."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Does weed being in your system have any mental effect on you when sober? | [
"THC has a half-life (the time your body need to remove half of the drug from your system) of 2 to 56 hr. It takes 5 half-lives to clear the drug from your system. So if you are a \"slow metabolizer\" (someone who takes the full 5*56hr to clear the drug), you may be \"high\" for a lot longer than you think (there m... | [
"Yes, in a strict sense of risk of death absolutely. Alcohol withdraw can kill you, overdosing on marijuana is practically impossible as there are no recorded cases, typically smoking or ingesting too much marijuana will simply put you to sleep. As far as the differences in say being high while driving vs. being dr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
don't drivers' weights mess with the overall stability / weight distribution of those expensive, high performance cars? how is this solved? | [
"The Mazda Mx5, as far as I'm aware (friend had one, was a car nerd too) is designed to be \"perfectly balanced\" on half tank of fuel, and a driver of a specific mass (I can't remember exact number, but it's about average). No passengers either. I have no idea how this is achieved, but the design does take into a... | [
"In general a smaller turning circle is better as it gives you more maneuverability, but it comes with trade offs. The turning circle is related to the wheelbase of the car(distance between front and rear wheels) with a smaller wheelbase giving a tighter turning circle but a pickup truck with the wheelbase of a sma... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Explain to me why people would think Sandy Hook is a hoax. | [
"There are a few conspiracy theories regarding the Sandy Hook shootings. These are the most prevalent ones: * The US government staged them in order to pass gun control laws/persecute gun activists. _URL_0_ * Adam Lanza was simply a patsy; the shootings were really conducted by Israeli special forces as revenge for... | [
"Why do you need this explained to you like you're 5 years old? Yet again this sounds like an Ask Reddit question."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why does a cold bed feel awful but a cold pillow feel amazing? | [
"IMO a cold bet feels amazing... sliding into cool sheets is wonderful. I wouldn't want it to stay cool, but neither would I want my pillow to stay cool all night."
] | [
"dehydration after sleeping too long. stretch your limbs when you get up and drink some water and eat something you'll be back in shape faster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
Why are bidets and other water integrated toilet seats common in Europe and other countries but almost non-existent in the US? | [
"I come from a country in Europe where bidets are normal. The main use is to ~~earth~~ wash your feet and to place the dirty clothes while you shower. Babies use them as washbasin."
] | [
"There is much greater adoption of public transportation in Europe than in the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
the physiology of that "butterflies in your stomach" feeling. | [
"From what I've heard before, that feeling comes from our Fight or Flight instinct. Your body senses that you're nervous (that's fear) for something coming up, and as a natural response from the fear, your body begins preparing itself for the potential of fighting/flight. It sends more blood to the more important a... | [
"Evolution had already created the nervous system for feeling pain and pleasure. So why create a second system to carry emotions with? Evolution kinda screwed us that way. But wait...there's more... You also feel emotions in your throat (like that lump thing that happens when you're sad) and in your gut (like butte... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How the hell does a 3D printer work? | [
"It works like a plotter, only it is oriented with the \"pen\" facing downward instead of parallel to the ground like on a traditional plotter. The robotics are controlled by computer software, and typical 3d printers use a plasticy resin. The resin is melted and pushed thru the \"pen\" to go down onto the base, dr... | [
"Aka how can I become a cult leader?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
why do modern rockets blast off with zero initial velocity (standing straight up)? | [
"The biggest difficulty in getting enough speed to get to orbital velocity is how the earth's atmosphere slows you down. It is most effective to blast straight up until the atnosphere becomes thinner and the drag caused by the air becomes very low, then level out and accelerate sideways towards an orbital speed. Al... | [
"anything orbiting earth must be traveling that fast (the exact speed varies by orbiting height, lower you are, faster you need to go to orbit), infact reaching that speed is a substantial part of the rockets job. Its why we cant just float up on a balloon or plane and chill, once your at altitude, you still have t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does thought work without language? When I think, I formulate ideas in words. How did this work either prior to language or for people who have no concept of language? | [
"Most thought does not use language. When you see a scary spider you don't feel the scariness because of the word \"spider.\" When you are hungry and know you want to eat, that didn't come from language. When you see a beautiful nature scene, it's not beautiful to you because of language. When you decide to put on ... | [
"They had emotions, or things that we could easily think of as emotions - many animals do, and primates certainly do. It is almost impossible to understand to what degree emotions relate to _language_. It is believed that stone age people had language, but it's not clear if it was sophisticated enough to convey the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
how does dust settle on vertical surfaces like glass panes? Shouldn't it just fall off? | [
"It may be due to the irregularities in the surface, but it is more likely caused because the dust particle is statically charged, and it attracted to the vertical surface. Glass panes can be charged relatively easily."
] | [
"Think of straws. You know how you get the drops in a straw after u you've taken a drink? The ones that take up the entire space inside for a few millimeters? They stay there unless you blow them out, it's the same thing except the tube is open at one end only do you can't just blow in one end to push them out. Ne... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Are there actual modern-day hitmen? How do people find them? How do they not get caught? | [
"\"Local Man Asked For Hit Advice On Reddit Before Murdering His Wife, Police Say\" - I can see it now..."
] | [
"Cartels are not generally staffed by rational people. They are generally staffed by megalomaniacs, psychos, and hyper-violent idiots. All types of people who love showing off how rich and powerful they are. They do a *ton* of PR. Mostly through mass-murder and torture, but they also have quasi-legitimate business ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do towing companies tow away cars when the car has its parking brake engaged? | [
"On most cars the parking break only locks the back tires. The towing company lifts the car by the rear end, because the front tires turn freely. Some models of cars only lock the front tires though, and they'll just reverse the procedure. When those aren't viable options the towing company will place a set of tire... | [
"It means your car broke down and wasn't abandoned. Your hazards will only work until the battery dies. It let's the police know your intent to come back to retrieve the car. As long as it's off road, or not on private property you may buy yourself a few days without getting towed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
So I wanted to understand how do authorities verify when a mountaineer has actually reached the peak of a mountain. | [
"They don't and there are no authorities. Historically there were so few people climbing mountains for fun that they all pretty much knew each other and climbing a major mountain ( one worth talking about ) usually involved a large team of climbers and an even larger team of support staff that you really couldn't l... | [
"No. Pressurized means that the suit is sealed, which means it is a full body suit, thus bulky. Winter clothes and an oxygen bottle do the job very well. Winter clothes keep you warm, while oxygen bottles keep you concious near the peak. Frankly, the real issue isn't the gear. The problem is that tourists with no p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why does the American Military measure distance in meters? But the rest of America uses feet and yards? | [
"The last thing you want in the middle of a firefight where multiple countries might be involved is to have two different measurement systems being used. Example being Brits come under contact and U.S. is in the area to provide assistance and everyone is giving different measurements to pass information on enemy po... | [
"The USA attempted to change to the metric system around the 1970’s. Since that would mean re measuring all highways and gas pumps, it was too expensive to do. So that’s why they didn’t do the change. Puerto Rico, an US protectorate, uses a mix of both metric and imperial: gas and roads are measured in metric, but... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
- Why is, what seems like rape so prevalent in the animal kingdom? | [
"Because most animals don't have morals. Humanity has gotten to a point of intelligence and society that we don't need to allow ourselves to just procreate willy-nilly. Cats, dogs, and other animals rape as part of procreation because they don't have the morals, the intelligence, the sense of caring for others, th... | [
"You mean as in, why isn't it discussed more as a part of US History education?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the differences between ego and self respect? | [
"Well, they are both related to how we view ourselves but I would say the difference is self-respect is healthy, and ego isn't. Ego leads to thinking someone is superior to others, prevents one from admitting mistakes, or leads to not taking the experiences and feelings of others into account and only considering o... | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about finance:"
} |
Why exactly is it that when siblings (or closely related people) reproduce, there are problems? | [
"It's because lots of defective alleles (versions of genes) are recessive (you need two copies for them to cause a problem) and rare. So they almost never cause problems because it's very unlikely that both parents have the same defective allele. Even if you have a defective allele and pass it to your child, your m... | [
"The 'when' question was already answered, do I'll answer the one about the benefits. It allows for greater genetic diversity. When you reproduce asexually, the offspring only receives your DNA making it more likely to get sick (see incest as a still visible example). When you reproduce sexually, the chance of a ge... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the UN or the Hague not charge the Saudi royal family with humans rights violations for executing apostates? | [
"Saudi arabia is a rather stable country in the middle east with large oil reserves - the UN would like to keep it that way"
] | [
"Turkey is a Nato country with strategic position between Europe and Middle East. Because it is an ally, it is dealt with silk gloves. Kind of like authoritan Saudi Arabia is an important ally for the US in the Middle East, and US doesn't really raise up the humanitarian crimes of Saudi Arabia."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
the difference between Ethnicity and Race (i.e. hispanic) | [
"Because Hispanic isn't a race. There are Asian Hispanics, there are South American Hispanics, there are black Hispanics, and there are Spanish Hispanics. If you/your ancestors spoke Spanish, you put down Hispanic. For race, you put down what your race is. This could be white, black, southeast Asian, or any other t... | [
"They are not claiming nationality, they are stating ethnicity. American is not an ethnicity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Social Sciences:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Social Sciences:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
When a surface is sticking to another surface (like tape) what is actually happening? | [
"So there are a lot of [intermolecular forces](_URL_0_) adhesives like those found on tape are very good at forming interactions with themselves (so the glue on the tape sticks to itself) and other surfaces. They are technically highly viscous liquids just like sugary things like syrup you might spill on your table... | [
"There's a weak chemical bond that takes place. The same thing happens when you glue something to something else, except glue is far far more adhesive than the surface of our fingers, or the surface of a pencil lead. Big things stick to our fingers as well, but they're too heavy to stay stuck enough to be lifted o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does whipping cream make it fluffy? | [
"The whipping action forces air into the cream, where it gets trapped. The trapped air is what makes the cream light and fluffy."
] | [
"Probably because there is so much sugar in it. You can leave meringue oit for a while and it won't change. Same thing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Food Science:"
} |
Why do planes crash into each other when they have so much open sky and space to fly in? When I look up at the sky, it seems almost entirely clear of planes. | [
"Almost all air accidents happen near takeoff/landing where all those planes are in a tight area. There is a very narrow path to use a runway. That said, air accidents are EXTREMELY UNCOMMON. You're safer on a plane than you are in your own car, by a huge margin."
] | [
"Many reasons. Jet engines operate most efficiently at higher altitudes, which means you use less fuel, which makes flying cheaper. If there is an emergency it is best to have as much altitude as possible underneath you, you have longer to sort out the problem or decide what to do while you are gliding. Also, ever ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Black holes. Ive watched lots of videos but still cant rap my head around them. Explain like I am dumb 5 year old. | [
"Imagine standing on the surface of Sun. We have to pretend it has a solid surface and you don't burn immediately, unrealistic I know but just bare with me. If you weighed 200 pounds on Earth, you would weigh over 5000 pounds on the Sun! Now try and jump. It's not going to happen; the force of gravity is just too ... | [
"Explain to me like I'm a 5 year old that knows what capillary action is. Seriously though, this is something I'm curious about."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why isn't Russia considered a part of Europe. Geographically, most of their citizens, and even their capital, are on the European side of the country. | [
"Russia is a part of Europe. It's also a part of Asia. Or are you asking why Russia isn't in the EU? That's a whole separate question."
] | [
"They didn't *choose* to be in both continents as such, it's just that like many major settlements, it's built on a major waterway, the Bosphorus. It just so happens that the Bosphorus marks the border between Europe and Asia. It's purely a physical geographic issue though, and not one that should really cause them... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are standardized tests considered to be racially biased? | [
"Heres a real Texas TAKS test question that is a good example of bias on a test. Some students wanted to make a model to show how the size of the moon compares with the size of Earth. They used an orange to represent the moon. Which of the following would best represent Earth? Answers: cantaloupe, grape, lime, or c... | [
"In a lot of states, all high school students have to pass a battery of tests in order to receive credit for graduating high school. The following are its theoretical pros and cons. Pros: Allows a standard measure for the quality of a school district and can highlight districts or schools that are severely underper... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is your "gut feeling" and why is it usually right? | [
"Confirmation bias tricks you into believing your gut instinct is usually right. You often forget the times your first choice was wrong, but remember the times your gut was right all along because it is seemingly more noteworthy."
] | [
"They do it afterwards. The comments are genuine, but they ask the question in a way to put them back in that situation. \"x just happened, what were your thoughts at that time?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can someone ELI5 why this water simulation works very well in a web browser, but is hardly used in video games? | [
"(I think this is the problem) Although this water simulation works awesome you have to be careful when using it on a larger project. The first thing to notice is the number of polygons or shapes used in this project. This whole project is simply a cube and ball. This makes the program use so little cpu because the... | [
"Flash *can* be supported, however Apple made a conscious decision not to support it because of [reasons listed here](_URL_0_). It still isn't supported on Apple's tablets (or other tablets) because flash is relatively inefficient, taking lots of battery to achieve tasks that can usually be done more efficiently. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is the deal with Dubai? | [
"Oil money. Then they leveraged that oil money for credit to build up Dubai, initiating a huge slew of construction projects (islands, manmade reefs, tallest building, giant indoor skiing mountain). Some of these building projects are so ostentatious and excessive that people took notice. They have been building a ... | [
"In a related question, where the hell do Brits get the \"F\" in Lieutenant?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How were photographs edited prior to advances in editing software? i.e. those old photographs of Stalin where people were phased out | [
"For that kind of thing, they literally used an actual airbrush -- which is why photo editing software has \"airbrush\" tools, and why we use the word \"airbrushing\" to mean both retouching of photos and the practice of excluding people or events from the history books. A skilled artist using a small airbrush woul... | [
"There was a very brief period from the invention of cameras to the invention of photoshop where you could have good proof that someone existed. Other than that, not so much."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are realistic CGI movies so expensive to produce? | [
"As with most things expensive; it's difficult, it takes time and it requires a lot of resources. For one scene of CGI it might be months of work behind it, with everything from motion capture actors (so you need to do everything you would need to actually film the scene but with even more things needed than normal... | [
"People's tastes have changed. The demographic which these movies are aimed at have likely never seen an actual drawn animated movie like the Lion King. Plus, it is a lot quicker, and likely cheaper in the long run, to do everything with computers now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why we sleep at night instead of during the daytime? | [
"There may be others out there who can explain this better than me, but I believe this is the general gist... Humans are weak in areas that allow many other species to excel during the night (night time vision, heightened sense of smell and hearing). Being awake and moving during the day allows us to more effective... | [
"You can't fall asleep at night because you nap in the afternoon. Stop napping, as hard as it may be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Sleep and boredom:"
} |
Why is polygamy illegal and considered bad form? | [
"Stripping away any moral or religious aspects marriage is a wonderful thing two people do to get a host of legal benefits. Things like tax breaks, joint bank accounts, hospital visitation etc. If you had more than one spouse these legal benefits could get really confusing really fast, so legal polygamy remains ill... | [
"It is said in the Quran many times that God created Women for Men to mate with and take as their partners. To take another man as a sexual partner is deemed to be going against the will of God. This is an underlying theme in many religions and isn't restricted to middle eastern religions or homosexuality. It is od... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When the BBC show Sharks says that Tiger Sharks return to the same place on the same day every year, how would a shark know how long a year is? Do they perceive time like we do? | [
"How do you know a year has passed without looking at a calendar? I imagine they sense the temperature/climate changes like anything else."
] | [
"It's not known. It's a bit of a mystery. It's known that they reverse, and appear to do it on average about every half a million years, but as to why it happens scientists are scratching their heads."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is the difference between copyright and all rights reserved? | [
"Copyright is a legal concept. When something says \"copyright\" or has the (C) designation on it, the creator is claiming the work to be origingal and that they hold exclusive rights to its use. A claim of copyright is usually followed by a statement of what the copyright holder will or will not allow others to do... | [
"It doesn't need to be there, but it's a reminder that a logo is trademarked or that a work is registered with a patient office. Copyrights are applied automatically when a work is created. Anything else done is not required but can make protecting it in the future easier."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the most likely way the universe will end? | [
"We don't know for sure, but the prevailing theory is [heat death](_URL_0_). Basically, every single particle of matter will eventually decay into thermal energy. Since thermal energy is only useful when there are differences in temperature, eventually the temperature will even out across the universe and it will n... | [
"To be a little less specific, what did people think the future in general would be like before the Industrial Revolution?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is a brainfreeze and how does it happen? | [
"It occurs when the roof of your mouth gets cold. It cools a nerve in that area which constricts blood vessels."
] | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health and wellness:"
} |
How do cows and buffalos build muscles while eating mostly grass? | [
"Grass actually does have a surprising amount of protein in it. But humans can't digest grass, it takes far longer to digest than it stays in our systems for. Enter ruminants, animals, like cows, that are able to digest grass due to their unique multi-stomach structure that allows them to get the nutritional conten... | [
"Hervibores have a specialized digestive system that helps them acquire much more nutrients from those food sources that would just pass through our own digestive tract untouched. Also, all they do while they're awake is either eat or look for stuff to eat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Before someone invented scissors (no, it wasn't Leonardo DaVinci), how did people cut their hair and fingernails? | [
"With long nails, you can pare off slivers of nail with the edge of the knife (try to cut away from the finger.) When your nails are shorter, you can shave the nail by holding the blade perpendicular to the edge of the nail and dragging it along the length of the nail. This leaves fairly sharp edges that you can b... | [
"The best things come in pairs, breasts, testicles, sandwiches, butt cheeks, you get the gist."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Would it be possible to create liquid wood in a vacuum? | [
"Not everything can melt. Many materials being to break down from heat before it ever reaches liquid phase; this process is called [pyrolysis](_URL_0_). Wood is one such example."
] | [
"You can try cold welding it in a 100% vacuum..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do massive cold fronts, like the one being experienced in America right now, occur? | [
"The cold front that is being experienced by the United States and Canada right now is known as a polar vortex. Polar vortexes are strong winds found in the upper level of the atmosphere that normally stay over the north pole. On occasion the vortex can be distorted, causing cold air to spill to the south. [Source... | [
"Perhaps indirectly. The exceptionally strong El Nino this year is helping to create conditions that can cause tornadoes. Tornadoes form when warm air from the Gulf of Mexico flows North and meets colder air in the Great Plains. Usually, that pattern forms in the spring, but if the conditions are met, tornadoes can... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Climate science:"
} |
How is it possible for someone to survive riding in the wheel well of a jet at 36,000 feet for several hours? | [
"Like most of the stories going, he entered a staye of hibernation. This is possible. Ive heard stories of people being trapped underwater in subfreezing temps but what happens is the body keeps only the vitals alive. Ive heard of this with infants who fall into pools occasionally they survive with no damage. I wou... | [
"Over 90% of people involved in plane crashes survive. The rate wouldn't be anywhere near that high for untrained people jumping out of a plane at 400 knots."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's a neckbeard? The person, not the beard. (I know what a beard on the neck looks like.) | [
"The general implication is that the person acts superior or overly-critical towards others, yet their poor personal hygiene shows that they don't apply the same standards for themselves. They may act like their STEM degree qualifies them as an authority on every subject under the sun, yet just by looking at them ... | [
"Breasts are like a bowl of oatmeal. It's a little lumpy but it's a very consistent lumpy. This is perfectly naturally and nothing to worry about it. Now imagine a pea in that bowl of oatmeal. It's larger and firmer than the oatmeal lumps and it's obvious and sticks out. And if you're familiar with the oatmeal lump... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes the itchy irritation on your butt from feces? | [
"You see, when poop gets a bit old, it becomes crusty. So if you don’t clean your ass after you shat, the poop that remains on your butt remains there and becomes crusty, kind of like blood. The reason it’s itchy would be because of friction. When. You walk the crust moves as well, tickling your butt as you move. ... | [
"It reduces friction and chafing. That's why hair is found on your groin and armpits, to reduce chafing between your appendages and torso."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Biology:"
} |
Why is practically everything made in China? | [
"China has lower average wages, no unions, and much lower environmental standards so it's significantly cheaper to manufacture goods there."
] | [
"What's so bad about having something made in Israel?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why aren't Discover/American Express accepted every where cards are? Don't they all work in the same way? | [
"Every time a credit card is used, the business has to pay the credit card company for the convenience of the service. For the merchants, it's a complex matter; they ideally don't want to accept credit cards at all, but many customers wouldn't shop there because the customer's card isn't accepted. Each merchant has... | [
"Visa had a bigger market share than MasterCard. It's not just student cards, it's across all cards - most cards these days are Visa including nearly all debit cards."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Finance:"
} |
Why is the word "no" so similar across languages around the world, but "yes" so different? | [
"Well, two answers for you. 1. A solid third of the world has the same root language, what we call Proto-Indo-European or PIE. The people spread out into Europe, much of the Middle East and the Indus River Valley and China. Though these became linguistically distinct regions over time they began many thousands of y... | [
"First it all, goodbye is just an English word, not some kind of universal Western expression. Furthermore, it's not the only expression used for that purpose in English, there is also \"farewell\" which has cognates in many other Germanic languages."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Can I identify a body's sex by examining its bare skeleton? | [
"Yes. One notable difference is that the female pelvis is a lot wider than the male by proportion since it has to support pregnancy."
] | [
"Long bones such as the femur do factor in body size measurement formulae. Also, growth and fusion of the epiphysis on long bones (it is very distinct on the femur, especially) is an indicator of the age of the deceased. So the combination of information from the skull (including teeth) and the femur are instrument... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Fuels? What does it take to create gasoline, diesel, kerosene, etc and how do they differ? | [
"Basically they all start from the oil we pump out of the ground.All of these things are inside that oil. We then heat the oil in a large tube that has many different levels. As the oil heats up all the different parts become a gas at different temperatures and they settle in the level where the temperature is cool... | [
"The price of petroleum is based on the cost of extraction and distribution. The consumer price of motor oil is based on what customers will pay. These two prices are independent of one another. Also, petroleum isn't the same as 'gas'. You use different 'fractions' of crude oil to produce different types of product... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Economics:"
} |
The top used Internet Browsers and how they're different. | [
"Please don't shoot me, but I'd say Wikipedia's [article](_URL_0_) is fairly informative for this topic."
] | [
"Because if the best Apps are blocked, there's less reason for someone to buy the phone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is it that prevents Xbox games from being played on a PlayStation but yet allows people to play music CDs on either? | [
"Games are a series of instructions for the device to follow. A Playstation can read the instructions from an Xbox disc just fine, but it doesn't understand them. A music CD just contains data. A program already on the console (written so that the console understands it) contains the instructions on how to interpre... | [
"Because they weren't written for it. Though they appear similar, computers can be as different as consoles as time moves on. What you're asking is akin to \"Why can't I play Playstation 1 games on my PS4?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do creators keep their upcoming projects/products secret until release? | [
"One of the aspects that you may not have considered is that a huge number of projects that people work on *never get released*. They turn out not to be as interesting as the creator hoped, or there's no enough of a budget, or there are creative differences with other people involved, etc. And it's not good practic... | [
"Hype has a life span. If they announce it 2 years before it comes out everyone will forget about it by the time it comes out"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The bitcoin crash going on right now. | [
"The Bitcoin is only worth as much as people *think* it's worth. The Chinese shut down Bitcoin trade in their country, which makes the Bitcoin inherently less valuable (why would you use a currency that can't be traded everywhere?) The crash happened because Bitcoin is a volatile currency. There isn't a lot of it o... | [
"When you start hearing about massive layoffs and banks nearing collapse. Market was getting very very hot, and was moving further away from fundamentals. This correction isn't that surprising."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are Xeon processors better suited for server applications than mainstream CPUs? | [
"Xeon processors allow you to use ECC (Error-correcting code) memory. This is crucial in servers because it allows the memory to self correct data corruption in most instances. It also provides more virtualization functionality which is common in servers today. On top of these two major differences they also allow... | [
"The simple answer is that although they look similar on paper they perform very differently. The Intel processor is much faster than the AMD one in this case and therefore Intel can ask more for it. For their top of the line processors Intel always charge a huge extra premium for their best of the best stuff. A lo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it okay for Girls to Wear Guys' Clothes, but When Guys Wear Girls' Clothes, Its Weird? | [
"It's just a social thing. There's not really logic behind it - there was a time when women wearing men's clothes was just as odd as a man wearing woman's is today."
] | [
"Question 1: Am I a celebrity? * Yes: Move onto question 2 * No: Who gives a shit about you? Question 2: Do I like to look terrific in photographs? * Yes: Move onto question 3 * No: Use your iPhone for nude selfies Question 3: Do I mind being raped? * Yes: Call Annie Leibovitz * No: Terry's your man!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do companies release update products at least every year? even when they don't change much from last year'd models. | [
"Because people generally think newer things are better. So even if they *aren't*, you've got to release new things, or your competitors can get your market share by selling a new model."
] | [
"It takes a lot more effort, and therefore time and money, to create an update which has more features and at the same time runs as efficiently (quickly) as the previous system. And it's not in their financial interest to do so. They don't make money on the updates, they only make money if you buy a new system. So ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Monkeys reacting to Magic tricks, are they really understanding what is happening? Or does it only look that way? | [
"If they see ball \"go inside\" a palm and then disappear I bet they understand it well. But have them pick a card, memorize it, put it back into the deck and shuffle thoroughly and then find the same card inside their wallet and I bet they didn't understand what had happened."
] | [
"It's not seeing someone in pain that's funny, it's seeing how they got there. Most of our lives are pretty pain and accident free. When something happens that goes against what normally happens it's very novel and we tend to think novel things are funny. That's basically how jokes work as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Psychology:"
} |
What would happen in the minutes, hours, and days following a nuclear attack? | [
"[Get a copy of Threads](_URL_0_) (which is also on youtube, although possibly not legally so I won't link it) There have been countless studies into the effects post strike around the world. The most comprehensive British study was used to create the movie Threads, which is kinda the gold standard ELI5 for this (b... | [
"This move coupled with his refusal to read the daily intelligence reports says to me the US will drop the ball in the next 4 years and there will be a major, possibly nuclear terrorist attack on US soil."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is the reason for tasting pennies when you become winded? | [
"It could be that the exertion results in some minor amount of blood leakage (which is not likely to be harmful), say through tissues dried in your upper respiratory tract by the extra hard inhaling you're doing. Blood can result in a metallic taste because it contains iron. This can be similar to the taste you wo... | [
"Actually, ELI5, how the fuck are you relieving ear itches with your tongue?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
if it was 1926...loan question | [
"When Pretty Boy Floyd use to rob banks one of the things he took was peoples mortgages so the banks would have no record of them."
] | [
"Nobody. after 2000 years it becomes public domain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How are weather balloons deployed so that they do not pose a risk to commercial air traffic? | [
"There is a suggestion that the local air traffic controllers be notified of the intended launch of a high altitude balloon so its presence is known, but the more relevant regulations regard the content of the payload. There are limits on the total weight and density of the payload, as well as the separation force ... | [
"If you turn off your phone it can no longer be tracked; similarly if the radio equipment that lets traffic control know where a plane is located is turned off, either deliberately or because of an accident, it becomes significantly harder to track that plane. Civilian radar coverage isn't available everywhere, it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do we clench our teeth or yell etc when we are lifting something heavy or pushing our bodies to the limit? | [
"Clenching your teeth helps stabilise your head, neck and upper back by tightening them all up"
] | [
"I'm not a fitness guru by any means, but when you lift you tighten muscles and push hard. People might have to train themselves to not strain the diaphragm as well (the muscle that pushes your lungs). Sort of like training your pinky not to move when you flex your ring finger."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do police officers not always wear kevlar as an occupational precaution? | [
"> Seems like there would be no downside Spoken like someone who's never worn kevlar. Vests suck. They are uncomfortable, stiff, and sweaty. While most departments require them for patrol officers, officers who can get away with not wearing them sometimes don't. Simply because they judge the inconvenience of the ve... | [
"Law enforcement here: There's really not a lot of headgear that protects against bullets. The ones that do are heavy and uncomfortable. It's just not practical. Also, most police that are killed are not shot in the head. Plus, people cry and criticize when they see us in military-looking gear. That being said; so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How is ambient music in video games being looped seamlessly? | [
"it's designed to do so. the end fades into the beginning, either directly, or with a small bit of silence"
] | [
"Why were synths used so excessively in the 80's? Why were electric guitars used so excessively in the 60's? What it boils down to is that autotune is new technology that is recently become widely available and easy to use. Its in fashion now. It'll fade soon."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why isn't internet content offered "pay as you go"? Why is everything either ad-supported or subscription-based? | [
"This is called \"Micropayments\", and it has been suggested as a method to finance websites for at *least* a decade. However, methods of implementing it were not really widely available. If you had to set up your micropayment account with every website you visited, that'd pretty much leave you in the same situati... | [
"You may a monthly fee for the cable company to hook you up to their data-distribution network. Ads exist to pay for individual programs. And movies are censored because the channel that broadcasts them want to censor them. If it's not being broadcast over the air, they aren't *required* to censor them, but may cho... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Entertainment:"
} |
why are some very cheap items on Amazon are priced as thousands of pounds? | [
"There is no way of knowing for sure, especially with specific instances, but the culprit is probably an errant or misconfigured bot. [For example](_URL_0_) competing bots once drove the price of some book up to 23.6 million dollars."
] | [
"Something \"worth\" $10 or $5000 doesn't mean the company paid that much for it. They put cheap rings in almost all the candles so that the average cost is still lower than their sale price."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are oats "Steel Cut" Why not aluminum or titanium cut? Or hand cut? | [
"\"Steel-cut\" is more about result than the process. When you cut oats with steel blades rather than crushing them (i.e. \"rolled oats\", or when crushed really flat, \"instant oats\"), you're separating them into specific sharp-edged chunks rather than smashing them into flour. The result is a different texture... | [
"Whole oats, not really used by humans. Steel cut oats are like chopped oats. Like this image on Wikipedia _URL_1_ Rolled oats are oats that have been dehusked, steamed then flattened under large steel rollers. Like this _URL_0_ Then instant oat meal is further mashed up rolled oats, so it's small pieces cook quick... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Are colas as bad for your teeth as people say? | [
"Yes, sodas really are that bad. Not just the sugar, but the highly acidic environment it creates in the mouth."
] | [
"Because animals don't eat Twinkies, and wash that down with a vanilla milkshake. Quite simple. If you eat things that are bad for your teeth, you have to take better care of your teeth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Dentistry:"
} |
Why did Facebook's IPO fail so badly? | [
"Whether or not it was a failure is arguable. Generally speaking, the issue is that the value of the stock was greatly over-estimated and over-hyped. Facebook had been such a huge media giant for so long and was so inaccessible to investors that people were REALLY excited to buy stock when it was first available. ... | [
"If I can ask a follow-up: How did these companies respond to being targeted?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
how can those car re-map boxes improve both power AND fuel efficiency at the same time? | [
"Increasing the pressure in the cylinders will lead to a general increase in fuel efficiency. The theoretical fuel efficiency is 1-1/e^(k -1) k is ~ 1.4 for air, and e is the compression ratio. So the higher the pressure the better the efficiency. More pressure means more power as well. So theoreticall it is possib... | [
"Yes it helps horse power. The colder air is denser and therefore you can fit more of it into your engines cylinders. In a fuel injected car the ECU (engine computer) will match the increase in air with an increase in fuel and you will achieve more horsepower all be it small. You may have noticed that while driving... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
why is it now code to install outlets upside down? | [
"If a conductive object falls accidentally across the main two prongs of a \"right side up\" (😮) plug that isn't completely flush against the outlet, it will close the circuit. If it's your finger you get shocked. If it's metal there could be a spark. If there's a spark there could be a fire. Building codes are de... | [
"that way you know that all the lights are functioning. also it is like a systems test for the car"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are click-bait, buzzfeedy titles so effective? | [
"Much the same as any other marketing. Clever people study what works, and hone it until it works better. In a way it's like evolution - click-bait sites that don't have the knack of attracting visitors die out, those that succeed - grow."
] | [
"lazy writing, stealing content [yes there is a difference between these two], click bait articles. those are what I hate them for."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does inflation have to be a thing? Why can't we all just agree to keep the value of currency the same regardless of how much we have? | [
"> Why can't we all just agree to keep the value of currency the same regardless of how much we have? Because that's just not how prices work. They are set by supply and demand, not collective agreements. > Why does inflation have to be a thing? First, let's review the purpose of money. Money is meant to be an eas... | [
"Your premise is incorrect. The standard of living, for someone working the same number of hours, has gone *way up* in just the last few decades. Things really are cheaper. This fact is disguised by inflation, in which the value of a dollar changes every year as the government keeps making more of them. But the sta... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why am I able to set the date on my phone back to 1970? | [
"Linux kernels (as other UNIX-like systems) [count dates from 1 January 1970.](_URL_0_) Android is running a Linux kernel."
] | [
"Most computers store dates as the number of seconds that have passed since Jan 1, 1970. They use a 32 bit number to store this. In 2038 that number will overflow, meaning that to many computers, dates will appear to be Jan 19, 2038 one second, and Jan 1, 1970 the next second. This could pose problems, just like Y2... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is it that a part of your body getting hurt enough (like getting kicked in the shin) will sometimes give you a taste of blood in your mouth? | [
"I've never heard of this phenomenon but perhaps you're hurt so bad without realizing it you're biting your lip or inner cheeks or what have you and draw blood?"
] | [
"Don't listen to anyone who says you cut off the circulation. What's really happening is that you've compressed a nerve, usually where it passes close to a bone (elbows, knees, and shoulders are great at doing this.) What happens is that the brain stops receiving a signal from that nerve, so starts to ignore it. Wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Health and Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How did the jews seem to recover so well from the Holocaust while blacks didnt recover from slavery? | [
"The Holocaust was an event exclusive to Europe, instituted by a single regime (Nazi Germany) and their subordinate regimes. When the Nazis fell, the Holocaust ended. The oppression of black people in the United States was the result of hundreds of years of systemic hatred and discrimination from others. Stopping s... | [
"Not sure about most of the world, other than people want scapegoats for their problems, and the Jews were an easy target. As for Germany, Hitler blamed the Jews for every problem Germany had. Failing economy? The Jews fault. Lost WW1? Jews fault. Horrible armistice that left Germany in an inhuman amount of poverty... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about History:",
"pos": "Represent the document about History:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I saw a post earlier on r/gifs of a multi-car pile up on a snowy highway. Does insurance cover damage like this, and how would they determine whose insurance to use/whose more at fault? | [
"Yes insurance does cover stuff like that, and it's usually a huge mess. Generally (if you have full coverage) you pay the guy you hit, the guy who hits you pays you, and so on and so on. It turns into a pile of insurance companies trying to hash out with each other who owes what after all the claims are paid."
] | [
"Well, in many cases if you crash into someone with your car, your insurance company has to pay their medical bills, and/or pay to have their car repaired. If you kill someone, your insurance company may also need to pay legal fees, damages, etc. Or, if you damage public or private property, they might also have to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What permits do you have to get to drive a police car or dress as a police officer for a 'prank' video? | [
"_URL_0_ > Dressing up as a police officer in costume, or pretending to be a police officer for the purpose of play or a harmless prank toward an acquaintance is generally not considered a crime, provided that those involved recognize the imposter is not a real police officer, and the imposter is not trying to dec... | [
"Laws vary from state to state. In most states them putting lights on their own cars is illegal, but it may be different depending on where you live. In many states you can hire a police car to specifically drive with and block traffic for the procession."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does TV make a crackling sound while turned off? | [
"I would guess thermal expansion for the led tv. It takes a while for things to cool down. Also add in the fact it is usually cooler at night. As it cools, the plastic will shift a little."
] | [
"Do you know how a fan works? If so just turn it around"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When did time start being recorded? Why does it start with Jesus' birth day? | [
"It doesn't. There are, and have been, many different calendars. Many are older than the calendar which starts at year 1 (AD or CE) with the birth of Jesus. Human civilisations that had calendars date back thousands of years before the birth of Jesus. There are calendars in use in today's world that don't use that ... | [
"The same way we do now. The invention of AD and BC was popularized by scholars to make the birth of Christ an important part of history however how we actually track time (24 hours in a day, 30(ish) days in a month, 12 months and a year) did not change. Different cultures used different starting points as their \"... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's the difference between the internet and the World Wide Web? | [
"The internet is a series of interconnected computer networks. The world wide web is where webpages and documents reside and can be accessed. You can have internet without the WWW but you can't have the WWW without the internet."
] | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Rush-hour traffic jams | [
"First of all, there are always choke-points. Maybe a place where three lanes turn to two lanes. Maybe a bunch of on-ramps where a lot of cars are pouring in. When roads aren't busy it's not a big deal, but when there are *tons* more cars on there, that'll be a problem. Also, even if people *can* go at the same, co... | [
"Natural response to blades of death closely circling above"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do the LHC need to be so big? Would we get better "results" if it were the size of Australia? | [
"As well as accelerating the beam up to really high speeds, it needs to bend the beam around into a circle. The tighter the circle, the more energy it takes to steer the beam. A bigger circle lets us control a more powerful beam with the available magnets, and produce higher-energy collisions than if we had a small... | [
"They sometimes run the numbers and have serious discussions about this. Most experiments are replications of what already happens in nature. We have yet to create a particle accelerator that is more energetic then the particles hitting our upper atmosphere for example. A lot of the instruments in LHC were actually... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Physics:"
} |
How are Chinese companies on eBay/Amazon able to sell cables and such for 1.50 shipped to the USA? | [
"ManiacalShen may be on to something, but it's not all a marketing gimmick by any means. It is actually quite logical, if only you have all the pieces that is. First of all, as you pointed out, the quality of the cables are usually \"garbage\" - it doesn't cost much to make crappy products. Secondly, the exchange r... | [
"They buy stuff that doesn't sell at cheap discounts. They're probably buying stuff at 10-20 cents on the dollar. Also all the knock off brands."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Are dogs aware of differences in their breeds? | [
"I don't think they do. It's kind of like if we lived in a non judgemental non racist world. Dogs don't care if one is overweight or a purebred. They will try to play, sniff, and lick them either way. On a small note, I believe they do act differently around dogs that are older. Every time I see an old dog walk ar... | [
"Why are noses different in size, why are people different heights, why do we have different hair colors?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
Why is putting your hands up and showing your palms the universal sign of "I surrender", and why is it instinctual? | [
"It shows empty hands; no weapons, no tricks. I'm vulnerable and harmless, don't hurt me. Military salutes, handshakes, etc. all supposedly originate from the same concept."
] | [
"The handshake started as a way to prove you were not a threat. By offering your empty right hand, you showed that you weren't holding a weapon and that you had no intentions of harming the other person. Think of it in tribal days when finding a stranger who didn't speak your language on your land often meant they ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
After the initial sleepiness feeling, why do we suddenly feel more alert after a few hours pass your normal sleeping time before you suddenly feel lethargic and sleepy again? | [
"A certain sleep writer suggests it's because there is a metabolitic release timed to coincide with the early part of sleep intended to for the heavy lifting your lymphatic and endocrine systems will do in the early part of sleep. Apparently this is the \"second wind\" we feel at approximately 10pm, and being aslee... | [
"The dreaming itself, not really. However there are a few things here that will Firstly interrupted sleep, like waking up after each dream, is really bad for you and will leave you utterly exhausted. The other thing is for a proper nights rest you need a mix of light and deep sleep cycles, the dreaming only happens... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What percentage of my money goes to the Japanese economy when buying a Japanese brand car in America? | [
"Quite a complicated question. The parts that go into new cars are vastly outsourced these days. You will find that BMW, Ford, GM, Toyota, Honda etc all have Altenators made by Bosch, Transmissions made by Getrag. axles made by Dana Spicer etc. Parts from all over the world and different manufacturers make parts fo... | [
"It's decided by what people are willing to pay for it on the international market."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The meaning behind the popular philosophical phrase, "I think, therefore I am." | [
"You are thinking. If you did not exist in some manner or fashion, you could not think. Therefore, regardless of the truth or falseness of your sensory input, the action of thinking necessarily proves that *you* specifically, *exist* as a thinking being."
] | [
"Not really an explanation, but here's an interesting way to put it: Pre-modern: This is the truth. Modern: We can find the truth. Post-modern: There is no such thing as truth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Your immune system causes symptoms like fever, swelling, etc, when fighting an infection. I usually get more mild symptoms than my wife when we both get sick. Does this mean my immune system is weaker or stronger? | [
"Great question, but it's complicated, because different infections trigger the immune system to different amounts. Sometimes, what kills a person isn't the infection itself, but the immune response to that infection. In those cases, it's better to have a slightly weaker immune response; the response will still be ... | [
"It's completely possible to have multiple illnesses at the same time. AIDS, for example, is deadly precisely for that reason. However, when you are sick with something like the cold, if my memory serves correctly your immune system is actually kicked into overdrive, which makes further infections less likely. That... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Medical:"
} |
Bigger muscles v. Stronger muscles | [
"There are three types of muscle fibers in humans. 1. Fast Glycolytic: These are built up in weight lifting. They are fast and strong, but they get tired very fast. 2. Fast Oxidative: These are fast and strong, but not as fast and strong as the glycolytic muscles. They are built up in endurance events such as long... | [
"Memory consolidation for your brain and physical rest for skeletal muscle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why don't gas pumps take cash? | [
"I've seen a few gas stations that do have a cash-accepting machine. It's for models where the individual pumps don't accept money, you have to go to a central automated kiosk to pay. That being said, there's very little incentive for gas stations to want to make the pumps accept cash. Not only would that require s... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
what the brick on a power cord is / does. | [
"its converts the 120v AC current to DC at the voltage that your delicate electronics crave."
] | [
"Dreams, dont crush them. It helps with spacing on the speedometer. Also can be used as a standard template."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Technology:"
} |
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