query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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A 48-year-old woman has a lower back pain and hypoesthesia in the left S1 dermatomal distribution (left calf and lateral left foot). What is the most likely cause? | Thoracic, lumbar, and sacral nerves exit off the spinal canal immediately below the pedicle of the corresponding numbered veebra. The left S1 root, for example, passes immediately dorsal to the L5-S1 disc where it can be susceptible to compression by a herniated nucleus pulposus. The root then swings laterally to exit ... | 14,100 | medmcqa_train |
Eosinophilic abscess in lymph node is characteristically seen in - | Answer is option 1, kimura's disease This picture is suggestive of Kimura's disease which usually presents as painless, sometimes disfiguring, subcutaneous nodules in the head and neck region, with eosinophilia and adenopathy. Although, it may mimic a neoplastic process, it is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown ... | 14,101 | medmcqa_train |
The usual location of dieulafoy's lesion is in the: | Dieulafoy's lesion Large (1- to 3-mm) submucosal aery that protrudes through the mucosa. It is not associated with a peptic ulcer. It can lead to massive bleeding. Usually is located in the gastric fundus, within 6 cm of the GE junction. Ref: Sleisenger and Fordtran's, E-9, P-299. | 14,102 | medmcqa_train |
A 40-year old diabetic patient presents with proptosis of one eye and black eschar over palate. The likely organism is: | Mucormycosis can affect the upper respiratory, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems. The clinical manifestation of the condition is headache with nasal discharge and sinus pain. Infection quickly spreads from the sinuses to contiguous structures. Ocular involvement manifests as proptosis,... | 14,103 | medmcqa_train |
Hybrid muscles | Hybrid muscles also called as COMPOSITE MUSCLES are those muscles which have more than one set of fibers but perform the same function and are usually supplied by different nerves for different set of fibers. | 14,104 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements are true about chaperones except that they | Protein folding requires a specialized group of proteins,refered as chaperones. Chaperones are also known as "heat-shock proteins" and "stress proteins" Chaperones bind to the hydrophobic regions of an extended polypeptide and are impoant in keeping the protein unfolded,until its synthesis is completed. Reference: Harp... | 14,105 | medmcqa_train |
In normal X–ray of shoulder which is'superior most structure – | From superior to inferior (important structure on X-ray sholder) :- Clavicle : Acromian : Coracoid : Superior margin of humeral head : greater tubercle : anatomical neck : surgical neck. | 14,106 | medmcqa_train |
Fatty acid with even number of carbon atoms on oxidation produces: | Fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms are oxidized by the pathway of b-oxidation, producing acetyl-CoA, until a three-carbon (propionyl-CoA) residue remains. This compound is conveed to succinyl-CoA, a constituent of the citric acid cycle. Hence, the propionyl residue from an odd-chain fatty acid is the only p... | 14,107 | medmcqa_train |
The staining useful for antemorten diagnosis of rabies is - | Ans-A | 14,108 | medmcqa_train |
Hypercalcemia is caused by all EXCEPT : | LOOP loses CALCIUM. Loop diuretics cause hypocalcemia by more excretion whereas thiazides cause hyperkalemia by decreasing its excretion. | 14,109 | medmcqa_train |
A 24-vear-old lady with 24 hrs comes with complains of pain in the right iliac fossa, vomiting, central dyspareunia, rebound tenderness and with a temperature of 37degC. Pregnancy test negative. The probable diagnosis is | (B) Acute PID # Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammatory disorder of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures. Risk factors for PID include young age at first intercourse, multiple sexual partners, intrauterine device (IUD) insertion, and tobacco smoking. A delay in diagnosis or treatment... | 14,110 | medmcqa_train |
Normal PCWP with pulmonary oedema is seen in | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1763 The use of a Swan-Ganz catheter permits measurement of PCWP and helps differentiate high-pressure (cardiogenic) from normal- pressure (noncardiogenic) causes of pulmonary edema. High altitude has been grouped together as one of the miscellaneous causes for ARDS reflecting pulmonary oedema ... | 14,111 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a CSF finding in tubercular meningitis? | CSF findings in tubercular meningitis includes: Elevated opening pressure High leukocyte count ( 1000/microl) predominantly lymphocytes Increased protein (100 - 800/mg/dl) Low glucose AFB seen on direct smear of CSF Culture of CSF is diagnostic and is the gold standard | 14,112 | medmcqa_train |
Property of acquiring antibiotic resistance from viral colony is by: | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Transduction (Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 59 and 8th/e, p. 63, 67, 681)Acquiring antibiotic resistance by viral colony (bacteriophage) is by transduction. | 14,113 | medmcqa_train |
Ketamine contraindicated in all except- | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Asthma o Ketamine increases cerebral blood flow, metabolism, oxygen consumption and intracranial tension, unlike thiopentone, propofol&etomidate, which have cerebroprotectiveeffect, therefore ketamine is contraindicated in head injury, intracranial space occupying lesions and for neuroanaesthesia.o Ce... | 14,114 | medmcqa_train |
The Otic Ganglion: | It is a peripheral parasympathetic ganglion which relays secretomotor fibres to the parotid gland.
Topographically, it is intimately related to the mandibular nerve, but functionally it is a part of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
The sympathetic root is derived from the plexus on the middle meningeal artery. It contains p... | 14,115 | medmcqa_train |
Vaginal delivery is impossible in : | Persistent Mento-posterior presentation | 14,116 | medmcqa_train |
Gene for major histocompatibility complex is located on which chromosome? | Major histocompatibility complex also called the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is a 4 megabase region on chromosome 6. The region is densely packed with genes.
The gene encodes two major proteins or antigens i.e., MHC I and MHC | 14,117 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is WRONG | Daily water turnover (mL) in the gastrointestinal tract | 14,118 | medmcqa_train |
During fixation of Bennett's fracture, which muscle hinders it | D i.e. Abductor pollicis longus Bennett's Fracture dislocation is paial aicular fracture of 1st metacarpal baseQ with trapezium- metacarpal dislocation / subluxation(2. Maintenence of reduction is difficult d/t pull of abductor pollicis longusQ & adductor pollicis muscles. Thumb- Carpo - Meta Carpal (CMC) Fracture Disl... | 14,119 | medmcqa_train |
The biological oxygen demand indicates - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Organic matter | 14,120 | medmcqa_train |
Crescents are derived from | Crescents are feature of RPGN.
They are made up of parietal epithelial cells,
fibrin and monocytcs / Macrophages. | 14,121 | medmcqa_train |
Number of vitamins required in citric acid cycle is: | Four of the B vitamins are essential in the citric acid cycle and hence energy-yielding metabolism: (1) riboflavin, in the form of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), a cofactor for succinate dehydrogenase; (2) niacin, in the form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the electron acceptor for isocitrate dehydroge... | 14,122 | medmcqa_train |
Spermicidal cream which is used in contraceptives? | Spermicidal agents provide a physical barrier to sperm penetration and a chemical spermicidal action. Active ingredient is nonoxynol-9 or octoxynol-9. Spermicides must be deposited high in the vagina in contact with the cervix sholy before intercourse. Duration of maximal effectiveness is usually no more than 1 hour. T... | 14,123 | medmcqa_train |
Sho gastric vessels are present in which ligament | The sho gastric veins, four or five in number, drain the fundus and left pa of the greater curvature of the stomach, and pass between the two layers of the gastrosplenic ligament to end in the splenic vein or in one of its large tributaries. ref - | 14,124 | medmcqa_train |
Lesion of facial nerve above geniculate ganglion is associated with | The pain of GN is sharp, shooting or burning and can last for hours. Painful attacks can be triggered by cold, noise, swallowing or touch, but triggers are usually unique to the sufferer. Other related symptoms that may be experienced include increased salivation, bitter taste, tinnitus, and veigo. This disorder usuall... | 14,125 | medmcqa_train |
In full-term neonates, the ductus aeriosus closure is due to | The increasing oxygen saturation and the high aerial po2 causes the muscle of ductus to constrict and eventually closes the ductus aeriosus which eventually becomes ligamentum aeriosum.Anatomical closure of ductus aeriosus occurs within 10 to 25 days.Flow through ductus venosus disappears by the 7th day of postnatal li... | 14,126 | medmcqa_train |
True about salivary gland :a) There are more than 400 minor glandsb) 90% of all parotid tumors are malignantc) 90% of minor salivary tumors are malignantd) Superficial paratidectomy done in parotid tumorse) Warthim's tumor common in parotid | While the paired parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands comprise the major salivary glands, the minor salivary glands include approximately 500-1,000 simple tuboalveolar glands distributed throughout the submucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. These glands are predominately mucous secreting. The minor saliva... | 14,127 | medmcqa_train |
Typical appearance of Tumour cells and Macrophages on Histological section indicate | Burkitt lymphoma (Appearance: Starry-sky pattern) | 14,128 | medmcqa_train |
All are true regarding kaposi sarcoma except one : | Ans. is 'd' ie Occurs in AIDS pt. only There are at least 4 distinct epidemiological forms of Kaposi's sarcoma, only one form is associated with AIDS.The 4 distinct forms are -The classic form - that occurs in older men of predominantly Mediterranean or Eastern European, Jewish backgrounds.Equatorial African form - tha... | 14,129 | medmcqa_train |
IgA nephropathy over expresses: | Ref: style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; margin: 0 0 0 8px; text-indent: 0; text-align: left">Explanation:Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy or Berger's diseaseIt is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis in the worldIgA nephropathy is charact... | 14,130 | medmcqa_train |
Aerial supply to putamen includes all except | It is a branch of internal carotid aery anastomosis with posterior cerebral aery, this is inferior view brain showing circle of Willis Ref: Gray's39e/p-387 | 14,131 | medmcqa_train |
All are essential amino acid except | The essential amino acids are Isoleucine, Leucine Threonine Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, and Valine.Ref: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students, 7th edition, page no: 27 | 14,132 | medmcqa_train |
During the delivery, it is necessary to do an episiotomy. The tear extends through sphincter of the rectum, but the rectal mucosa is intact. How would you classify this type of perineal tear? NOT RELATED-GYN | A first degree tear involves the vaginal mucosa or perineal skin, but not the underlying tissue. In a second degree episiotomy, the underlying subcutaneous tissue is also involved, but not the rectal sphincter or rectal mucosa. In a third degree tear, the rectal sphincter is affected. A fouh-degree episiotomy involves ... | 14,133 | medmcqa_train |
A lady presents with headache, recurrent abortions, and cavernous sinus thrombosis. The diagnosis is | (A) APLA CLINICAL FEATURES OF ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROMEManifestation%Venous Thrombosis and Related Consequences Deep vein thrombosis39Livedo reticularis24Pulmonary embolism14Superficial thrombophlebitis12Thrombosis in various other sites11Arterial Thrombosis and Related Consequences Stroke20Cardiac valve thick... | 14,134 | medmcqa_train |
A 58-year-old woman presents with a 2-month history of abdominal discomfort and dark stools. Physical examination shows pallor but no evidence of jaundice. Laboratory studies disclose a microcytic, hypochromic anemia, with a hemoglobin level of 6.7 g/dL. A barium swallow radiograph reveals a "leather bottle" appearance... | Diffuse adenocarcinoma constitutes10% of all stomach cancers. No true tumor mass is seen macroscopically. Instead, the wall of the stomach is conspicuously thickened and firm, accounting for the radiologic "leather bottle" appearance. When the entire stomach is involved, the term linitis plastica is applied. The invadi... | 14,135 | medmcqa_train |
For frost-bite rewarming, the temperature should be: | For frost-bite rewarming, the temperature should be: 40-44 degree C Gently rewarm frostbitten areas. Soak the frostbitten areas in warm water -- 104-111 degree F (40-44 DEGREE C). If a thermometer isn't available, test the water by placing an uninjured hand or elbow in it -- it should feel very warm -- not hot. Rewarmi... | 14,136 | medmcqa_train |
Transpyloric plane separates ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hypochondrium from lumbar region | 14,137 | medmcqa_train |
The test used to diagnose Dubin Johnson syndrome is- | A prolonged BSP dye excretion test is diagnostic of Dubin Johnson syndrome
BSP is a dye which is removed from circulation by the same mechanism as bilirubin. | 14,138 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice for chylamydial trachomatis is: March 2007 | Ans. D: Azithromycin Because of higher efficacy, better gastric tolerance and convenient once a day dosing, azithromycin is now preferred over erythromycin as first choice drug for infections such as: Legionnaires' pneumonia Chlamydia trachomatis Donovanosis caused by calymmatobacterium granulomatis Chancroid and PPNg ... | 14,139 | medmcqa_train |
Ovulation can be diagnosed by all except | Tests for ovulation: Basal body temperature, Endometrial biopsy, Fern test, and ultrasound.
But plasma concentration of progesterone rises only after ovulation and reaches its the peak of 15ng/ml by mid-luteal phase. | 14,140 | medmcqa_train |
A boy undergoes eye surgery under day care anesthesia with succinyl choline and propofol and after 8 hours he stas walking and develops muscle pain. What is the cause? | This is most probably postoperative myalgia associated with succinyl choline. Myalgia: Postoperative skeletal muscle pain, which is paicularly prominent in the skeletal muscles of the neck, side and abdomen can occur. Most possible cause unsynchronized contraction of skeletal muscle (fasciculation). | 14,141 | medmcqa_train |
Tinea pedis is caused by which of the following ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., E. floccosum T. pedis is caused by E. floccosum and T. rubrum. | 14,142 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following about 'herd immunity' are true, except: | A herd structure includes the population belong to the herd species, the presence and distribution of altered animal hosts and possible insect vector as well as those environmental and social factors that our or inhibit the spread of infection from host to host. This herd structure can never be constant as it is subjec... | 14,143 | medmcqa_train |
Aerial O2 content is reduced in one of the following | the anemic type, in which the amount of functional hemoglobin is too small, and hence the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen is too low Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number: 353,354,355 | 14,144 | medmcqa_train |
A patient is admitted with 3rd episode of deep venous thrombosis. There is no history of any associated medial illness. All of the following investigations are required for establishing the diagnosis except | It is a cqpillary vascular malformation also called as naevus simplex. Commonly seen in 40% of new borns. It is present at bih,usually involves nape of neck,face,scalp,limbs. With age,it goes for spontaneous regression and disappears completely,usually in one year. | 14,145 | medmcqa_train |
Otolith organs are concerned with the function of? | Otolith organs: Utricle and saccule are the otolith organs. Their Sensory epithelium is called maculae.
They are concerned with linear acceleration-deceleration. They sense the position of the head with respect to gravity. Otoliths: They are crystals of calcium carbonate located on the otolithic membrane present in the... | 14,146 | medmcqa_train |
Intractable diarrhoea in children is caused by all except- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Giardiasis Intractable diarrhea o Intractable diarrhea is defined as, chronic or recurring diarrhea not obviously or early diagnosed as to etiology. o Chronic diarrhea is defined as diarrhea lasting > 4 weeks. Intractable diarrhea is caused by ? o Cystic fibrosis o Congenital enterokinase & Trypsinoge... | 14,147 | medmcqa_train |
A 11-year-old boy came with history of cough for 15 days. On examination he was found to have cervical lymphadenopathy. The lymph node biopsy is shown below. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis? | Cavitation occurs only in secondary tuberculosis. Both primary and secondary tuberculosis are characterized bycaseating granulomas, often with Langhans giant cells, which heal by scarring and calcification. The skin test result for tuberculin sensitivity is positive in both forms. | 14,148 | medmcqa_train |
Definitive host of ascariasis | Ref: Harrisons, 19th ed. pg. 1413* Ascaris lumbricoidesis the largest intestinal nematode parasite of humans, reaching up to 40cm in length.* Humans are definitive host of ascaris* Clinical disease arises from larval migration in the lungs or effects of the adult worms in the intestines.* Clinical Features:# Around, 9-... | 14,149 | medmcqa_train |
A male child presents with repeated urinary infections and failure to gain weight. A MCU was carried out as shown in plate, most probable diagnosis is? | a. Posterior urethral valve(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2562-2567, Ghai 8/e p 485-486)Voiding cystourethrogram in an infant with posterior urethral valves showing the dilation of the prostatic urethra and the transverse linear filling defect corresponding to the valves. | 14,150 | medmcqa_train |
TRUE statement regarding ileum is: | B. i.e. Lymphatic patch along antimesenteric border | 14,151 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements regarding barbiturates is accurate? | (Ref: KDT 6/e p391, 394) Barbiturates are acidic drugs. These are ionized in the alkaline urine and thus cannot be reabsorbed. Alkalinization of urine can be used to accelerate the elimination of barbiturates in poisoning.Other differences between benzodiazepines and barbiturates include. | 14,152 | medmcqa_train |
About tuberculoid leprosy, false is – | How can cell mediated immunity (CMI) be increased in leprosy infection. It is decreased in leprosy. Tuberculoid leprosy has minimum decrease in CMI (maximally preserved CMI), where as lepromatous leprosy has maximum decrease in CMI. | 14,153 | medmcqa_train |
The best indicator for monitoring the impact of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme is: | Neonatal hypothyroidism | 14,154 | medmcqa_train |
FADH2 enters ETC via which complex? | FADH2 enters ETC via Complex II (Succinate Q Reductase) and hence generates only 1.5 molecules of ATP. (NADH generates 2.5 ATPs) | 14,155 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following ilineses increases the risk of developing tuberculosis ? | Because silica is cytotoxic to alveolar macrophages,patients with silicosis are at greater risk of acquiring lung infections that involve these cells as a primary defense(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,atypical mycobacteria and fungi).Because of the increased risk of active tuberculosis,the recommended treatment of latent ... | 14,156 | medmcqa_train |
In a middle aged male having back pain, syndesmophytes involving4 continous vertebrae are seen on Xray. The patient has - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ankylosing spondylitiso Back pain with syndesmatophytes in a middle aged man suggest the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis.Ankylosing spondylitis (marie-strumpell disease)o Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the sacroiliac joints and the axial skeleton,o Prototyp... | 14,157 | medmcqa_train |
In acute organophosphorus poisoning which of the following is seen : | B i.e. Edematous lung | 14,158 | medmcqa_train |
Vasanthi 45 years, was brought to casualty with abnormal movements which included persistent detion of neck to right side one day before she was prescribed Haloperidol 5 mgs three times daily from the psychiatry OPD. She also had an altercation with her husband recently. Which of the following is the most likely cause ... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Acute drug dystonia o Persistent detion of neck (Toicollis) after one day of taking haloperidol is a feature of acture muscular dystonia (acute drug dystonia). Acute muscular dystonia o Bizarre muscle spasms mostly involving linguo-facial muscles --> grimacing, tongue thrusting, toicollis, locked jaw.... | 14,159 | medmcqa_train |
The oxidation of 1 mol of the C16 fatty acid, palmitate, generates how many ATP molecules? | Total ATP formed (mol)/mol palmitate - 108
Total ATP used (mol)/mol palmitate – 2
Net ATP generated - 106 | 14,160 | medmcqa_train |
Where is torus aorticus located - | Ans. is ,'b' i.e., Right atrium o Torus aorticus is a buldge in the right atrial septum sited superiorly and anteriorly,o It is produced due to adjacent nonocoronary aortic sinus at the base of ascending aorta,o It is superior to coronary sinus and anterior to fossa ovalis. | 14,161 | medmcqa_train |
Aldosterone secretion is maximally stimulated by? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., HyperkalemiaMineralocoicoid secretion is stimulated by hyperkalemia, angiotensin-H, ACTH and hyponatremia, in reducing order of efficacy.1) Aldosterone secretion in response to hyperkalemia is the most impoant and forms the basis for renal regulation of body potassium balance.2) Stimulation of aldoste... | 14,162 | medmcqa_train |
Wilson disease is due to accumulation of: September 2005 | Ans. A: Copper In Wilson disease, main sites of copper accumulation are the liver and the brain, and consequently liver disease and neuropsychiatric symptoms are the main features that lead to diagnosis. Liver disease may present as tiredness, increased bleeding tendency or confusion (due to hepatic encephalopathy) and... | 14,163 | medmcqa_train |
Test available for AIDS virus detection includes - | Ans: D | 14,164 | medmcqa_train |
Immunization schedule after dog bite ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 0, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90 | 14,165 | medmcqa_train |
Reason associated with the formation of pulp polyp: | Hyper pulpitis
Hyperplastic pulpitis (pulp polyp) is a form of irreversible pulpitis that originates from overgrowth of a chronically inflamed young pulp onto the occlusal surface. It is usually found in carious of young patients. Ample vascularity of the young pulp, adequate exposure for drainage, and tissue prolifera... | 14,166 | medmcqa_train |
All are predominant arteriolar dilators, EXCEPT | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Na Nitroprusside | 14,167 | medmcqa_train |
True about fatty acid synthesis | Reactions that take place in
Mitochondrion
TCA cycle/ Citric acid cycle
Beta oxidation of fatty acids
Ketogenesis
Respiratory chain
Part of Gluconeogenesis & Urea cycle
Cytosol
Glycolysis/EMP
Pentose phosphate pathway
Fatty acid synthesis
Part of Gluconeogenesis & Urea cycle
Glycogenolysis | 14,168 | medmcqa_train |
Which is a gram negative anaerobic bacteria: September 2007 | Ans. B: Bacteroides | 14,169 | medmcqa_train |
You are testing knee jerk reflex in a patient. The afferents in deep tendon reflexes are carried by: | Ans. a. Dynamic intrafusal fibers | 14,170 | medmcqa_train |
Primary ossification centre of all bones of lower limb forms by | Primary ossification centre of all bones of lower limb forms by 12 weeks | 14,171 | medmcqa_train |
Interosseous membrane between radius and ulna is pierced by which structure | Anterior interosseous aery pierces the interosseous membrane at the upper border of pronator quadratus to enter the extensor compament. Posterior interosseous aery passes through a gap above the interosseous membrane to the back of forearm . Anterior interosseous nerve is the branch of median nerve. Posterior interosse... | 14,172 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is TRUE about an 'essential drug'? | Essential drugs are defined by the World Health Organization as those that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population and that therefore should be available at all times in adequate amounts and in the appropriate dosage and forms. The criteria of essential drugs includes established efficacy and sa... | 14,173 | medmcqa_train |
Framingham hea study is - | Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition. Framingham study- coho study- the study is identified prior to the appearance of the disease . It proceeds forward from cause to effect. Framingham study- has played a major role in establishing the nature of CHD risk factors and their relative impoance . | 14,174 | medmcqa_train |
A 34-year-old woman presents with copious vaginal discharge with foul odour. Discharge is gray in color, microscopic examination reveals clue cells. The treatment of choice is:- | BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS A fishy vaginal odor, which is paicularly noticeable following coitus. Vaginal secretions are gray and thinly coat the vaginal walls. The pH of these secretions is higher than 4.5 (usually 4.7 to 5.7). Microscopy of the vaginal secretions reveals an increased number of clue cells, and leukocytes are... | 14,175 | medmcqa_train |
Modality that is lost on the ipsilateral side in Brown sequard syndrome is | In Brown sequard syndrome, a hemisection of the spinal cord results in
- Sensory
Loss of Ipsilateral dorsal column sensations- Proprioception, vibration, fine touch, Kinesthesia.
Loss of contralateral lateral column sensations- Pain, temperature
- Motor
Loss of ipsilateral corticospinal action- result... | 14,176 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following structures pass through aoic opening in the diaphragm, EXCEPT ? | Azygos vein pass to the right and thoracic duct passes to the left of aoa through its opening in the diaphragm. Accessory hemiazygos vein and hemiazygos veins pass behind the aoa and thoracic duct to join the azygos vein opposite the seventh and eighth thoracic thoracic veebral bodies. Aoic opening in the diaphragm lie... | 14,177 | medmcqa_train |
Streptococci with butterscotch or caramel odour is | S.angionosus produce small colonies which give off a distinct odour of butterscotch or caramel. | 14,178 | medmcqa_train |
Shortest pelvic diameter is- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bispinous Diameters of female pelvisInleto Antero-posterior diameter (true conjugate, anatomical conjugate, conjugate vera- 11cm)Distance between midpoint of sacral promontory to inner margin of upper border of symphysis pubis.o Obstetric conjugate (10 cm)Distance between midpoint of sacral promontory... | 14,179 | medmcqa_train |
Sacrospinous fixation is for strengthening: | Ans. A. Apical defecta. Sacrospinous ligament fixation: - The main indication for sacrospinous ligament fixation is to correct total procidentia or post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse with an associated weak cardinal uterosacral ligament complex and to correct post hysterectomy enterocele. The contraindication for... | 14,180 | medmcqa_train |
Councilman bodies are seen in: | Councilman bodies are seen in Acute viral hepatitis Hepatocyte apoptosis is an active form of "programmed" cell death resulting in hepatocyte shrinkage, Nuclear chromatin condensation (pyknosis), fragmentation (karyorrhexis), and cellular fragmentation into acidophilic apoptotic bodies. Apoptotic hepatocytes have often... | 14,181 | medmcqa_train |
A 50 year old female is admitted with abdominal pain and anuria. Radiological studies revealed bilateral impacted ureteric stones with hydronephrosis. Urine analysis showed RBCs with pus cells in urine. Serum creatinine level was 16 mg/dl and urea level was 200 mmol/1. Which of the following should be the immediate tre... | This is the best modality of treatment to immediately reve anuria in patients with bilateral obstructing renal stone. Stenting can be done in other scenarios such as pyelonephritis due to obstructed stone, severe renal colic, long term obstruction. Ref: Urinary Stone Disease : The Practical Guide to Medical and Surgica... | 14,182 | medmcqa_train |
A 4 year boy complaining of pain around elbow which is held in pronation with extension and normal X ray. What is the probable diagnosis? | ANSWER: (A) Pulled elbowREF: Apley s 8th ed p. 603Nursemaid's elbow, Babysitter's elbow or Pulled elbow is a dislocation of the elbow joint caused by a sudden pull on the extended pronated arm, such as by an adult tugging on an uncooperative child, or swinging the child by the arms during play The technical term for th... | 14,183 | medmcqa_train |
True statement about calcium : | A i.e. Absorbed in upper small intestineThe body of young adult contains - 1100gm (27.5mol) of Ca; 90% of it is in skeleton. The plasma calcium, is normally about 10gm/dL (5meq/ L, 2.5 mmol / L)Q, of which 50% is ionized. The remainder is bound ionically to negative charged proteins (predominantly albumin & immunoglobi... | 14,184 | medmcqa_train |
A female has history of 6 weeks amenorrhoea, USG shows no sac, serum beta HCG-1000 IU/L. What would be next management? | Repeat HCG after 48 hrs Ectopic pregnancy Pregnancy is definitely diagnosed by demonstrating intrauterine sac. A normal intrauterine sac appears regular and well defined on ultrasound. So ectopic pregnancy can be diagnosed by demonstrating the absence of the intrauterine sac. In a woman in whom ectopic pregnancy is sus... | 14,185 | medmcqa_train |
A 25 year old woman suffering from bilateral hearing loss for 6 year which became profound with pregnancy. On tympanogram which of the following curve is obtained | Ans. is 'b' i.e. As Bilateral painless hearing loss in 25 yr. old female accentuated with pregnancy is suggestive of otosclerosis or otospongiosis Tympanometry shows As curve due to ossicular stiffness.TympanometryIs based on the principle of reflection of sound energywhen sound strikes tympanic membrane, some of the s... | 14,186 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about Pseudomonas aeruginosa Except | Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Grows in antiseptic solution- cetrimide , dettol and soap solution.Most commonly found in burns patients and nosocomial infections and not endogenous infectionsReference: Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology; 27th edition; Chapter 16; Pseudomonads and Acinetobacter | 14,187 | medmcqa_train |
A young man with blurring of vision in right eye,followed by left eye after 3 months, showing disc hyperemia, edema, circumpapillary telangiectasia with normal pupillary response with centrocecal scotoma on perimetry, the cause is- | The characteristic presentation of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is blurring affecting the central visual field of one eye in young adult male; similar symptoms appear in the other eye an average of two to three months late. This sequential appearance of symptoms in young adult is quite characteristic for leber '... | 14,188 | medmcqa_train |
5 HIAA in urine is due to: | Ans. B. Carcinoid syndromeIn Pheochromocytoma VMA is excreted in excess in urine.In Carcinoid syndrome 5 HIAA is excreted in excess in urine.In PKU Phenyl Ketones like Phenyl acetate and Phenyl Pyruvate is excreted in urine.In Alkaptonuria Homogentisate is excreted in urine. | 14,189 | medmcqa_train |
Unilateral renal agenesis is associated with: | Malformations associated with unilateral renal agenesis are: Single umbilical aery Contralateral vesicoureteric reflux Absent ureter Absent ipsilateral vas deferens. | 14,190 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not done in carcinoma esophagus? | CARCINOMA ESOPHAGUS: Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus usually affects the upper two thirds;whereas, adenocarcinoma usually affects lower third of esophagus. Tobacco, alcohol, GERD & Obesity are some of the common etiological features. Bad prognosis if lymph nodes are involved. The most common presenting symptom is ... | 14,191 | medmcqa_train |
All are complications of hydatid cyst in the liver except: | Ans. (c) CirrhosisComplications of Hydatid Cyst:* MC- Rupture into biliary tree (Communicating cyst)* Rupture into bronchial tree* Rupture into Peritoneum, Pleura or Pericardial Cavities* Obstruction of Biliary tract with hydatid can result in Jaundice* Infection and Pus formation* No chance for Malignancy or Cirrhosis... | 14,192 | medmcqa_train |
Hepatitis C virus is associated with : | Answer is A (Anti-LKM antibody): Hepatitis C is associated with Anti-LKM antibodies. Hepatitis C may possibly also be associated with cryoglobulinemia but in view of its definite association with anti-LKM antibodies, this is the single best answer. LKM antibodies stand for antibodies against Liver-Kidney microsomes. LK... | 14,193 | medmcqa_train |
A 1-year-old todler presents with a 2 day history of fever, vomiting, and watery, nonbloody diarrhea. On physical exam, she appears dehydrated. Which of the following best describes the most likely infecting organism? | Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children between 3 months and 2 years of age. It is most prevalent in the winter. Rotavirus, one of the reoviruses, looks like a wheel (which ROTAtes) and possesses a double-shelled icosahedral capsid with no envelope. Its genome consists of 11 segments of double... | 14,194 | medmcqa_train |
Glucogenic amino acid is ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Glutamine Glucogenic Alanine Arginine Aspargine Aspaic acid Cysteine Glutamine Glutamic acid Glycine Histidine Methionine Proline Serine Threonine Valine Ketogenic Leucine Lysine Both glucogenic & ketogenic Isoleucine Phenylalaine Tyrosine Tryptophan Note : According to Harper 29th/e (P-282), lysine i... | 14,195 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is derived from ectoderm | Neural crest cells forms peripheral nervous system ENDODERM - gives epithelial lining of respiratory & gastro intestinal tracts, biliary system, bladder & urethra. MESODERM (mesenchyme) : i). Paraxial mesenchyme(somite's & somitomeres) : Forms * sclerotome - veebrae & poions of neurocranium & axial skeleton. * myotome ... | 14,196 | medmcqa_train |
A young man with pulmonary tuberculosis presents with massive recurrent hemoptysis. For angiographic treatment, which vascular structure should be evaluated first: | B i.e. Bronchial aery In 95% of cases of massive recurrent hemoptysis, the source of blood are systemic bronchial aeryQ rather than pulmonaryaery; So these are the vascular structures which should be evaluated first. Type of Bleeding Source - Hemoptysis - Bronchial aeryQ - Epidural hemorrhage - Middle meningeal aeryQ -... | 14,197 | medmcqa_train |
True about iron absorption are all except | Vitamin C has been shown to enhance iron absorption. It captures non-heme iron and stores it in a form that's more easily absorbed by your body ( 3 ). Foods high in vitamin C include citrus fruits, dark green leafy vegetables, bell peppers, melons and strawberries Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 ... | 14,198 | medmcqa_train |
Vector for dengue fever is: September 2006 | Ans. B: Aedes Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are acute febrile diseases which occur in the tropics, can be life-threatening, and are caused by four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. It is also known as breakbone fever. The reservoir for infection is both man ... | 14,199 | medmcqa_train |
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