query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Treatment for stage T3N1 of carcinoma maxilla is:- | Treatment for stage T3N1 of carcinoma maxilla is combination of radiotherapy and surgery. CARCINOMA OF MAXILLARY SINUS Common in 40-60 years of age, more common in malesQ Systemic metastasis are rare, may be seen in lungs (MC)Qand occasionally in bone. CLINICAL FEATURES Nasal stuffiness, blood stained discharge, facial... | 151,800 | medmcqa_train |
True about Choledochal cyst is | Option A: it can be both intrahepatic and extrahepatic Option B: Treatment of choice is Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy Option D: Drainage is not done Option C: Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy Is the treatment of choice. So Excision of Choledochal cyst is the right answer Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1512-1514 | 151,801 | medmcqa_train |
A 72-year-old man with a significant smoking history presents to the emergency room with complaints of dyspnea and truncal, arm, and facial swelling for one week. Physical examination is remarkable for facial erythema and facial, truncal, and arm edema with prominence of thoracic and neck veins. On chest x-ray, there i... | Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is characterized by obstruction of venous return from the head, neck, and upper extremities. Over 85% of cases of SVC syndrome are related to malignancy. Bronchogenic carcinomas (most commonly small cell cancer and squamous cell cancer) account for over 80% of these cases. Among bronch... | 151,802 | medmcqa_train |
Most common serotype causing meningococcus epidemics is | Meningococal Meningitis Causative agent : N.meningitidis,a gran negative diplococci Serotypes A, B, C, D, 29E,W135,X,Y World wide Group A is the MC cause of Meningococcal Epidemics (except in America), especially in Sub saharan African belt Recently Group B, W-135, Y cases have staed increasing in World Epidemics cause... | 151,803 | medmcqa_train |
Lepra cell is a – | Virchow's lepra cells or foamy cells are undifferentiated histiocytes. | 151,804 | medmcqa_train |
On mutation, which of the following may give rise to hereditary glaucoma. | The first gene found for open angle glaucoma was, GLC1A or myocilin (MYOC). The second gene discovered was optineurin. WDR 36 gene is also involved. | 151,805 | medmcqa_train |
Lipschutz bodies are seen in | Lipschutz bodies are inclusion bodies seen in herpes simplex. | 151,806 | medmcqa_train |
Dysdiadochokinesia | Dysdiadochokinesia: Inability to Perform Rapid Alternating Movements.Dysahria: Failure of Progression in Talking.Intention Tremor: When a person who has lost the cerebellum performs a voluntary act, the movements tend to oscillate, especially when they approach the intended mark, first overshooting the mark and then vi... | 151,807 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not required for healing | Ans. is 'd' i.e.,Sodium Nutrient required for proper wound healing are :Minerals: Iron (divalent iron), Manganese, Magnesium, copper, calcium, zinc.Vitamins: Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), Retinol (vitamin A), and less impoantly riboflavin, pyridoxin, thiamine, tocopherol (vitamin E).Protein and amino acids : Methionine an... | 151,808 | medmcqa_train |
a-Fetoprotein is increased in all the following except : | Increased maternal weight | 151,809 | medmcqa_train |
Gold standard IOC for female infeility is:September 2011 | Ans. D: Laparoscopy and hysteroscopyLaparoscopy is combined with hysteroscopy as a comprehensive one-stop infeility work-up, to detect cause of infeility and treat the cause in one go | 151,810 | medmcqa_train |
A 45 year old was given steroids after renal transplant. After 2 years he had difficulty in walking and pain in both hips. Which one of the following is most likely cause? | Difficulty in walking and pain in both hips after 2 years of steroid intake is suggestive of avascular necrosis. Ref: Apley's System of Ohopedics and Fractures, 8th Edition, Pages 92-93; MR Imaging of the Body By Ernst J. Rummeny, Peter Reimer, Walter Heindel, 2009, Page 460 | 151,811 | medmcqa_train |
a-oxidation occurs in | Alpha Oxidation It is a process by which fatty acids are oxidised by removing carbon atoms, one at a time, from the carboxyl end. The process is impoant in brain fatty acid does not need activation. Hydroxylation occurs at the alpha-carbon atom. It is then oxidized to alpha-keto acid. The keto acid then undergoes decar... | 151,812 | medmcqa_train |
Fungi of medical importance belongs to | Deuteromycota (Fungi imperfectii) - Sexual state is absent - most medically important fungi. | 151,813 | medmcqa_train |
Hidradenitis suppurativa is infection of | Hidradenitis suppurativa is infection of sebaceous glands It is actually due to keratin blockage of apocrine glands but the inflammation extends to involve the eccrine and the sebaceous glands Hidradenitis suppurativaisalso called Acne inversa or ectopic acne It is a chronic recurrent follicular disease presenting afte... | 151,814 | medmcqa_train |
In control of peussis, the drug of choice for cases? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Erythromycin Control of whooping cough o Control of whooping cough requires :? 1) Management of cases and contacts 2) Prevention by active immunization Cases: Erythromycin is the DOC. Alternatives are ampicillin, tetracyclin & septran. Contacts : Those who are exposed ---> 10 days erythromycin | 151,815 | medmcqa_train |
Concerning the peripheral chemoreceptors, True is: | The peripheral chemoreceptors are responsive to the aerial PO2 , but during normoxia, the response is small. The other choices are incorrect. Peripheral chemoreceptors do respond to changes in blood pH, the response to changes in PCO2 is faster than is the case for central chemoreceptors, the central chemoreceptors are... | 151,816 | medmcqa_train |
Sclerotherapy failure is defined as | Failure of endoscopic treatment is declared when two sessions fail to control hemorrhage Ref: Sabiston 20th edition | 151,817 | medmcqa_train |
How is the Human povey index - 2 (HPI -2) different from Human povey Index - 1 (HPI - 1, as described in UNDP? | Human povey index for developing countries (HPI-1) The following three dimensions are taken into account: Deprivation of longevity, measured as a percentage of the individuals with a life expectancy lower than 40 years (P1). Deprivation of knowledge, expressed as a percentage of illiterate adults (P2). Deprivation of d... | 151,818 | medmcqa_train |
Other than keratoacanthoma, lesion which shows pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia: | All these lesions shows pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia:
Keratoacanthoma
Granular cell tumor of tongue
Papillary hyperplasia of tongue & palate
Blastomycosis
Sporotrichosis
Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
Granuloma inguinale. | 151,819 | medmcqa_train |
Measure of lnfectivity of a disease: | Ref: Park 'Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine', 22nd edition, Pg: 58, 55, 96Explanation:Incidence rateNumber of new cases occurring in a defined population during a specified period in timePrevalence rateIt includes old and new cases, it depends on Incidence and duration of disease Prevalence = incidence X dura... | 151,820 | medmcqa_train |
A child comes with hematuria following respiratory tract infection. He gives similar history about 5-10 months back also. All are true, except - | Hematuria is defined as the presence of red blood cells in the urine originating from the kidney or the urinary tract Underlying conditions producing hematuria, like diabetes, can be associated with progressive decline in kidney function in the setting of CKD Ref Harrison20th edition pg 278 | 151,821 | medmcqa_train |
Lithium most commonly used in: | Ans. (a) Bipolar disorderRef.: Harrison 19th ed. / 2717* DOC for prophylaxis of bipolar disorder- Lithium* DOC for acute mania: Lithium* Lithium can also be used in treatment of neutropenia and cluster headache and major depression episodes.* Therapeutic level of lithium: 0.8 - 1.2 mEq/L* Toxicity seen after >1.5 mEq/L... | 151,822 | medmcqa_train |
Long bone fracture fixation done with -a) Intramedullary nailb) Compression platec) External fixationd) Screwe) Tension band wiring | There are so many options in fracture management and it is useless to explain them here. I am giving only brief description.
Management of fracture
The principles in fracture management are : -
1)Reduction
In displaced fractures, fracture site is reduced to proper alignment first.
Reduction may be : -
A) Closed ... | 151,823 | medmcqa_train |
The drug which acts by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in helminths? | Niclosamide is a chlorinated salicylamide for most cestode infections acts by, inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. But post drug purging is required for niclosamide, unlike praziquantel and albendazole.Ref: Sharma and Sharma 2nd e/pg 805. | 151,824 | medmcqa_train |
False about Pulse polio immunization is | Ans. is 'd' i.e. AFP surveillance is done in all children < 5 years of age AFP surveillance is carried out in all children below 15 years of age AFP SurveillanceAcute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is carried out to identify all remaining infected areas, monitor progress towards eradication and target supplementa... | 151,825 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following does not effect the refraction of eye | Answer- C. Increase in depth of anterior chamberDepth of anterior chamber has no role in refractive system of eye.Removal of vitreous will change the refractionThickening of lens will change the refractionChange in axial length has a large effect on refractive power of eye.The main function of refractive system of eye ... | 151,826 | medmcqa_train |
Supine hypotension is characteristic of: | 3rd trimester of pregnancy | 151,827 | medmcqa_train |
'Clue cells' are seen in: | Clue cells are epethelial cells covered with bacteria and are identified on microscopy. They are characteristic of Bacterial Vaginosis. Ref: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology by Brian A. Magowan, Philip Owen, James Drife, Pages 125-134. | 151,828 | medmcqa_train |
From the surgery done below, name the gold standard investigation used to diagnose this condition: | The specimen in the image is Appendix and the surgery performed is Appendectomy CECT done to confirm diagnose at a 5-6 ALVARADO Score as it is Equivocal. Gold standard for Dx of Acute Appendicitis-CECT. Features seen in CECT in case of acute appendicitis- Diy fat thickened mesoappendix Appendicular faecolith Arrowhead ... | 151,829 | medmcqa_train |
Structure derived from first pharyngeal arch: | Answer D. Anterior belly of digastricMESODERMAL DERIVATIVES OF PHARYNGEAL ARCHESPharyngeal archMuscular contributionsSkeletal contributionsNerveAeryIst (also called "mandibular arch")MylohyoidMuscles of masticationAnterior belly of digastricTensor veli palatiniTensor tympaniMaxillaZygomatic bonepa of temporal and vomer... | 151,830 | medmcqa_train |
Most impoant extracellular buffer______ | The most impoant extracellular buffer is bicarbonate. The source of bicarbonate is plasma by filtration. It is non inducible buffer. Proteins: Are the most abundant intracellular buffer. Phosphate: Minor buffer in kidney. The source is plasma by filtration. It is non inducible buffer. Ammonia is a minor buffer, locally... | 151,831 | medmcqa_train |
The layer responsible for the strength of an intestinal anastomosis is | Mechanical propeiesThe mechanical propeies of intact intestine in axial and transversal directions were different. The mechanical strength of the intact intestinal wall was conditioned by the submucosa and muscularis, while the serosa and mucosa showed no significant strength. Comparison of axial specimens&; mechanical... | 151,832 | medmcqa_train |
Catgut suture is derived from which pa of the sheep | Answer- C. MuscleCatgut suture is prepared from the submucosa of the first one-third of the small intestine of sheep or cow.Chromic catgut is made by treating catgut with cbromic acid salt. | 151,833 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following sensation are transmitted by the Dorsal tract/Posterior column? | Fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus occupy the posterior white funiculus of the spinal cord, and are, therefore, often referred to as the posterior column tracts. Functions: -components of sense of touch: Fine-touch Tactile touch Tactile localization Tactile discrimination Stereognosis. - proprioceptive impulse... | 151,834 | medmcqa_train |
Which amino acid can protonate and deprotonate at neutral pH? | Ans. A. HistidineAmino acid which can protonate and deprotonate means those which can act as buffer.Amino acid whose pKa=pH of the medium has maximum buffering capacity.pKa of imidazole group of histidine is 6.5 - 7.4.At pH=7, Imidazole group of histidine can act as buffer. | 151,835 | medmcqa_train |
All are included in triple therapy for peptic ulcer EXCEPT: September 2012 | Ans. C i.e. Ciprofloxacin H. pylori Its eradication drastically reduces ulcer recurrence in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers. 7-day triple therapies with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + two antibiotics given BID are currently recommended first-line for H. pylori eradication e.g. lansoprazole (or alternate PPI) ... | 151,836 | medmcqa_train |
A patient develops hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy following sexual contact, 3 weeks back. The best test to rule out HIV infection is | the p24 antigen is the earliest marker for HIV infections.
Acute HIV syndrome develops 3-6 weeks after the infection.
The acute HIV syndrome represents the initial or primary response of an immunocompetent adult to the HIV infection.
It is characterized by a high level of virus production, viremia and widespread seedin... | 151,837 | medmcqa_train |
Semi essential amino acids are – a) Arginineb) Lysinec) Leucined) Histidine | Semi essential amino acids
Semi essential amino acids are ones that can sometimes be made internally if conditions are right.
Arginine and histidine are such amino acids that can be converted from other amino acids.
Also know
Conditionally essential amino acids
Non-essential amino acids become essential if their pre... | 151,838 | medmcqa_train |
Glibenclamide reduces blood glucose in all of the following EXCEPT: | (Ref: KDT 6/e p266) Sulfonylureas decrease blood glucose in diabetics as well as non-diabetics. It requires at least 30% of functional beta cells for their action. Insulin is the only treatment for type 1 doanetes. | 151,839 | medmcqa_train |
Chalky white deposits in teeth are seen with which acid? | High yield points: Chalky white teeth-sulphuric acid Black tongue- sulphuric acid Yellow teeth- picric acid Green urine- phenol Golden hair- copper | 151,840 | medmcqa_train |
Wide pulse pressure is seen in- | The aerial pulse pressure is widened as a result of both systolic hypeension and a lowering of the diastolic pressure. The measurement of aerial diastolic pressure with a sphygmomanometer may be complicated by the fact that systolic sounds are frequently heard with the cuff completely deflated. As the disease progresse... | 151,841 | medmcqa_train |
The inverse stretch reflex is due to | The receptor for the inverse stretch reflux is in the Golgi tendon organ.(Ref: Ganong&;s Review of medical physiology 23rd edition page no.162) | 151,842 | medmcqa_train |
Sperm maturation takes place in | Sperm maturation takes place in epididymis. The seminiferous tubules of the testis are the staing point of the process, where spermatogonial stem cells adjacent to the inner tubule wall divide in a centripetal direction- beginning at the walls and proceeding into the innermost pa or lumen to produce immature sperm. Ref... | 151,843 | medmcqa_train |
A young male with gallbladder stones shows the following test results; serum bilirubin 2.5, Hb 6; urine test positive for urobilinogen; diagnosis is: | Answer is A (Haemolytic jaundice) All findings in the question corroborate with a haemolytic picture. Presence of Urobilinogen in urine rules out an obstructive cause for jaundice. Decrease in haemoglobin and elevated bilirubin levels are consistent with a haemolytic cause. Gall stones can be explained by precipitation... | 151,844 | medmcqa_train |
A 49-year-old man has a pulmonary embolism that completely blocks blood flow to his left lung. As a result, which of the following will occur? | Alveolar PO2 in the left lung will equal the PO2 in inspired air-No blood flow to the left lung- No gas exchange between the alveolar air and the pulmonary capillary blood-Consequently, O2 is not added to the capillary blood. The ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in the left lung will be infinite (not zero or lower tha... | 151,845 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following has the same principle as that used in Brinell test? | The Vickers hardness test employs the same principle of hardness testing that is used in the Brinell test. However, instead of a steel ball, a square-based pyramid is used. Although the impression is square instead of round, the method for calculating the Vickers hardness number (usually abbreviated as HV or VHN) is th... | 151,846 | medmcqa_train |
All are seen in Henoch Schonlein purpura except: | a. Thrombocytopenia(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1216-1217Ghai 8/e p 632-633)Palpable purpura without thrombocytopenia is seen in Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP) | 151,847 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following markers in the blood is the most reliable indicator of recent hepatitis Binfection? | Answer is C (IgM anti-HBc): Hbs Ag is present in recent hepatitis B infection but it is not specific to acute infection (it may also be seen in carriers). IgM anti- HBc is specific for acute or recent hepatitis, and hence is the answer of choice. | 151,848 | medmcqa_train |
All are features of haemophilic knee joint, EXCEPT: | Ans. is 'a' ie juxta articular osteosclerosis Hemophilic arthropathy : is common in both A & B types of hemophilia. It is not common in other inherited disorder of coagulation, such as von Willebrand ds. or factor V deficiencyRadiographs of joints reflect the stage of diseaseIn early stages these is only capsule disten... | 151,849 | medmcqa_train |
HIV prevalence can be assessed bv- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sentinel surveillance Surveillanceo Surveillance is defined as "the continous scrutiny of the factors that determine the occurrence and distribution of disease and other conditions of ill healtho S urveillance may be of following typesPassive surveillanceData is reported itself to health system, e.g. ... | 151,850 | medmcqa_train |
Hyperinflation of lung in CXR is seen in - | Hypertranslucency due to hyperinflation may occur in congenital lobar emphysema. | 151,851 | medmcqa_train |
Transfer of genetic material in between bacteria through pili is termed as: | (Refer: Anantha Narayanan and Paniker’s Textbook of Microbiology, 9th edition, pg no: 59-61)
Methods of gene transfer | 151,852 | medmcqa_train |
Furosemide mechanism of action in LVF is: September 2010 | Ans. A: Inhibitor of Na-K-Cl ion sympo Like other loop diuretics, furosemide acts by inhibiting the Na-K-2C1 sympoer in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. The action on the distal tubules is independent of any inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase or aldosterone; it also abolishes the coicomedullary osmot... | 151,853 | medmcqa_train |
After how many days of pregnancy the peak levels of HCG in urine is seen normally? | The intact hCG molecule is detectable in plasma of pregnant women 7 to 9 days after the midcycle surge of LH that precedes ovulation. Thus, it is likely that hCG enters maternal blood at the time of blastocyst implantation. Plasma levels increase rapidly, doubling every 2 days, with maximal levels being attained at 8 t... | 151,854 | medmcqa_train |
A patient on amphotericin emia of | Ans. d. 120-160 mEq over 24 hours Except in unusual circumstances, the total amount of potassium administered daily should not exceed 200 mEq. Potassium Supplementation A prudent protocol to follow is to add potassium chloride to IV solutions at a final concentration of 40-60 mEq/L and to administer no more than 10-20 ... | 151,855 | medmcqa_train |
Kidney receives about …………… % of cardiac output - | Total blood flow through various organs (whole organ)
Liver - 1500ml/min - 27.8% of cardiac output
Kidney - 1260ml/min - 23.3% of cardiac output
Skeletal muscle - 840ml/min - 15.6% of cardiac output
Brain - 750ml/min - 13.9% of cardiac output
Skin - 462ml/min - 8.6% of cardiac output
Heart - 250ml/min - 4.7% of cardia... | 151,856 | medmcqa_train |
Strawberry tongue is seen in - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Both of the above Strawberry tongueo It is also called raspberry tongueo It basically refers to glossitis, which manifests with hyperplastic (enlarged) fungiform papillae, giving the appearance of a strawberry.o White strawberry tongue is where there is a white coating on the tongue through which the ... | 151,857 | medmcqa_train |
What is the biological value of egg protein: | Ans. (c) 100Ref : K. Park 23rd ed. / 630Biological value is a measure of the proportion of absorbed protein from a food which becomes incorporated into the proteins of the organisms body.Biological value of Proteins in several food products* Whole egg: 100* Cow milk: 91* Beef: 80* Casein: 77* Soy: 74* Wheat gluten: 64 | 151,858 | medmcqa_train |
Aspaame contains | Aspaame is made from aspaic acid and phenylalanine , both are aminoacds . It is 200 times sweeter than sugar. Aspaame is not suitable for people with phenlketonuria. REFERNCE : DM VASUDEVAN TEXTBOK EIGHTH EDITION ; Page no: 99 | 151,859 | medmcqa_train |
Which among the following tumor is associated with Polycythemia vera? | Tumors associated with polycythemia vera are Hypernephroma, Hepatoma, Cerebellar hemangioblastoma, Uterine myoma, Adrenal tumors, Meningioma, Pheochromocytoma. The JAK2 gene located on the sho arm of chromosome 9 and loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9p due to mitotic recombination is the most common cytogenetic abn... | 151,860 | medmcqa_train |
WHO criteria for High endemicity for meningococcal disease include - | WHO Classification of Meningococcal areas:
Low endemicity: < 2 cases per 100,000 population per year
Moderate endemicity: 2-10 cases per 100,000 population per year
High endemicity: > 10 cases per 100,000 population per year (0.01%)
Epidemic: > 100 cases per 100,000 population per year (0.1%) | 151,861 | medmcqa_train |
Half- life of cobalt-60: | Ans. (b) 5.3 yearsRef: Basics radiological physics 2nd ed. /180* Iridium-192, emits gamma rays. It has energy of 0.4MeV.* Tl/2 of iridium 192: 74 daysImportant Half Life of Radionuclides* Gold-198: 2.7 days* Iodine- 123: 13.3 hours* Iodine-131: 8 days* Phosphorus-32: 14.3 days* Yttrium 90: 64 hours* Cobalt-60: 5.26 yea... | 151,862 | medmcqa_train |
In CO poisoning, immediate emergency treatment: Jharkhand 10 | Ans. High flow O2 | 151,863 | medmcqa_train |
Which vitamin deficiency causes glossitis and cheilosis ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Riboflavin | 151,864 | medmcqa_train |
In a young female of reproductive age with regular menstrual cycle of 28 days, ovulation occurs at around 14th day of periods. When is the first polar body extruded? | Primary oocyte remain in prophase of meiosis I until primodial follicle grow to form primary follicle which grows to form secondary/graffian follicle. The secondary follicle enters preovulatory stage 36 hrs before ovulation when LH surge occurs resulting in completion of meiosis -I and formation of secondary oocyte and... | 151,865 | medmcqa_train |
In which clinical scenario, after giving folic acid, neuropathic features stas worsening? | Vitamin B12 Major role in providing cofactors that are required to form myelin. Required for the production of methionine (precursor for S-adenosyl methionine), which is required for methylation reaction. Myelin maintenance and nerve function. Demyelination occurs from vitamin B12 deficiency. Neurological problems occu... | 151,866 | medmcqa_train |
Causes of hydramnios : | Ans. is a, b and c i.e. Anencephaly; Oesophageal atresia; and Twins | 151,867 | medmcqa_train |
An 80-year-old microbiologist has a cerebral infarction. His speech is limited to expletives, he cannot write but does respond to questions by shaking his head, and he has lower facial weakness on the right side. The lesion is most likely in the: | Lower facial weakness is a localizing neighborhood sign. The Broca speech area is located in the posterior pa of the inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 44 and 45). Wernicke's speech area is intact as comprehension is intact. | 151,868 | medmcqa_train |
In crush syndrome what is noted | In a crush injury, crushing of muscle leads to a reperfusion injury when the casualty is rescued.This releases myoglobin and vasoactive mediators into the circulation.It also sequesters many litres of fluid, reducing the effective intravascular volume and resulting in renal vasoconstriction and ischaemia. The myoglobin... | 151,869 | medmcqa_train |
Steroid synthesis occurs in which organelle? | Ans. B Smooth endoplasmic reticulum* The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and does not contain any ribosomes. Although it has several functions, the sER is specialized for the production of steroid hormones in cells of the adrenal cortex.* Remember that cholesterol is the ... | 151,870 | medmcqa_train |
Number of beds in a CHC is: March 2010 | Ans. B: 30 | 151,871 | medmcqa_train |
Scutula is classically seen in: | Scutula is the charecteristic lesion of us. The classical picture of tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton schoenleinii is characterized by the presenceof yellowish cup-shaped crusts known as scutula which develops round a hair. Adjacent crusts confluent and form a mass of yellow crusting. Note: the other three options ... | 151,872 | medmcqa_train |
Components of Innate immunity that are active against viral cells includes - | A class of lymphocytes called natural killer cells or NK cells are impoant in nonspecific defense against viral infections and tumors. They selectively kill virus-infected cells and tumors cells. - they are activated by interferons. Reference : Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no:81 <\p> | 151,873 | medmcqa_train |
Hea failure cells are seen in | Ref Robbins 8/e p535, 7/e p122,9/e p116 Cut surfaces of hyperemic or congested tissues feel wet and typically ooze blood. On microscopic examination, acute pulmonary congestion is marked by blood-engorged alveolar capillaries and variable degrees of alveolar septal edema and intra-alveolar hemorrhage. In chronic pulmo-... | 151,874 | medmcqa_train |
A 65-year-old man worked in a shipyard for 10 years, and then he worked for 5 years for a company that installed fire retardant insulation. He experienced increasing dyspnea for 11 years with progressive respiratory failure and hypoxemia. A CT scan of his chest now shows a large mass encasing the left lung. Which of th... | This patient has an occupational risk of asbestos exposure. The inhaled asbestos fibers become encrusted with iron and appear as the characteristic ferruginous bodies with iron stain. The firm, tan mass encasing the pleura is most likely a malignant mesothelioma. Asbestosis more commonly gives rise to pleural fibrosis ... | 151,875 | medmcqa_train |
Finding in meningioma are all except: | C i.e. Erosion | 151,876 | medmcqa_train |
The optic nerve is a tract of the diencephalon that is not completely myelinated until | The axons of the optic nerve are not completely myelinated until 3 months after bih. Myelinated axons are normally not found in the retina. The optic nerve is not a true peripheral nerve but a tract of the diencephalon; when severed, the optic nerve does not regenerate. Myelination in the central nervous system (CNS) i... | 151,877 | medmcqa_train |
Meningococci differ from gonococci in that they? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Possess a capsule | 151,878 | medmcqa_train |
Chronic alcoholism is associated with the development of all of the following liver diseases, EXCEPT: | Chronic alcoholism result in the formation of three distinctive forms of liver diseases such as hepatic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Hepatic steatosis refers to the accumulation of lipid droplets within the hepatocytes. It could be either microvesicular or macrovesicular. This process is initially cent... | 151,879 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a cause of PEA (Pulseless Electrical Activity)? | The 5 H and 5 T of pulseless electrical activity - PEA implies that electrical activity is seen on ECG but the pulse is absent. The leading cause of PEA is hypoxia secondary to respiratory failure (40-50% cases) and hypovolemia. Hydrogen ion depletion implies alkalosis whereas PEA occurs with acidosis. H Hypovolemia Hy... | 151,880 | medmcqa_train |
All the following are true regarding blood supply to the kidney, except - | Kidney has five independent vascular segments
Segmental arteries divide into lobar branches.
Area of kidney supplied by lobar artery → renal → includes 1-2 pyramids and the adjacent part of the cortex.
Branches of renal arteries are end arteries.
Renal blood passes through 2 sets of capillary plexus.
High-pressure b... | 151,881 | medmcqa_train |
Substrate level phosphorylation in Glycolysis is seen in which step? | ANSWER: (B) Pyruvate kinaseREF: Murray pp 130-135, Scriver, pp 1521-1552, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substratelevel_phosphorylationSubstrate-level phosphorylation is a type of metabolism that results in the formation and creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the direct transfer a... | 151,882 | medmcqa_train |
Isolated 3rd nerve palsy is Seen in- | *Diabetes ,hypeension and vascular disease are major risk factors *Isolated nuclear oculomotor palsy is rare. Third nerve palsy typically manifests as diplopia and ptosis.The diabetic 3rd nerve palsy may affect isolated superior or inferior division of the oculomotor nerve, but diplopia usually exists Ref Harrison20th ... | 151,883 | medmcqa_train |
The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans in a CSF sample is seen by | (B) India ink preparation > In unstained, wet preparation of CSF with a drop of Indian ink or nigrosine, the capsule can be seen as a clear halo around the yeast cell. This is an example of negative staining.# Diagnosis of cryptococcus is established by demonstration of capsulated, budding yeast cells in the lesions an... | 151,884 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following, points towards female skull differentiating from male skull | Features Female skull Male skull 1. Mastoid process small , pointed large , blunt 2. Frontal and parietal eminence Prominent less prominent 3. Orbits rounded, sharp margins square , round margins 4. Zygomatic arch Not prominent Prominent 5. Angle of body with ramus Not Prominent Prominent Frontal eminences & parietal e... | 151,885 | medmcqa_train |
Half life of Technetium is | A i.e. 6 hours Half life (tin) of radium (Ra226)is 1602-1626 years (longest)Q; Cesium (137Cs) is 30 yearsQ; Cobalt (60Co) is 5.2 yearsQ; iridium (1921r)is 74.5 daysQ; Iodine (P31)is 8 daysQ; 1123 is 13 hoursQ; technitium (Tc99) is 6 hoursQ; and 1132 is 2.3 hoursQ. | 151,886 | medmcqa_train |
Mark a FALSE statement about Malar telangiectasia . | Malar telangiectasia /Malar Flush : Plum-red discolouration of the cheeks Associated with mitral stenosis Due to CO2 retention and its vasodilatory effects. SLE: Malar rash Mitral valve prolapse (Floppy valve syndrome): 2 Mitral valve flaps do not close smoothly or evenly, instead bulge (prolapse) upward into the left ... | 151,887 | medmcqa_train |
The specimen shown below is | Ans. (a) MNG* The specimen is Subtotal thyroidectomy specimen of Multinodular goiter.* Both sides at tracheoesophageal groove a sleeve of tissue left is Subtotal.* Only one side a sleeve of tissue left is Near total (Hartley Dunhill Operation) | 151,888 | medmcqa_train |
Hypolipidemic agents act on | HMG CoA reductase
Hypolipidemic drugs (statins) inhibit HMG-CoA reductase | 151,889 | medmcqa_train |
True in Pancreas trauma | pancreas is retroperitoneal. So if it is injured there will be concomitant injury of other viscera.A rise in serum amylase occurs in most cases.Operation is indicated if there is disruption of the main pancreatic duct.Penetrating trauma to upper abdomen or the back carries a higher risk Bailey & Love ,26th edition,1125... | 151,890 | medmcqa_train |
A testicular tumor in a man aged 60 years is; most likely to be - | "Lymphoma is the most common testicular tumor in a patient over the age of 50 and is the most common secondary neoplasm of the testis" - Smith's Urology | 151,891 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of supraventricular tachycardia with hypotension in a patient under general anaesthesia, inludes all of the following treatments, EXCEPT: | When the patient is hemodynamically unstable DC shock can be given, adenosine is also safe if the patient has no history of asthma and has no AV block. Carotid sinus massage is also effective in most cases. If the patient has no hypotension, verapamil can be given if the patient is stable. But in this case it may aggra... | 151,892 | medmcqa_train |
Black foot disease is caused by - | Arsenic Mechanism of Action * Arsenic reversibly combines with sulphydrl enzymes. It blocks Krebs cycle and interrupts oxidative phosphorylation causing depletion of ATP and death of cell. * It also inhibits transformation of thiamine into acetyl CoA and Succinyl -CoA resulting in thiamine deficiency. * It replaces the... | 151,893 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements regarding `prevalence' are true except - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., It is rate Prevalence is a propoion o Most commonly used measure of prevalence is point prevalence. No. of all current cases (old & New) Point prevalence -________________________________ x 100 Estimated population at the same time o It has following features : ? i) Numerator (no. of all cases) is pa ... | 151,894 | medmcqa_train |
Mosquitoes whose larvae lie horizontal on water and thus rest parallel to surface of water: | Ans. b (Anopheles). (Ref. Park's textbook of PSM 22nd/ pg. 718)Bite of female anopheles is the most common mode of transmission.There are 4 stages in the life history of mosquitoes:Egg (1-2 days)number, shape, and lateral floatsLarva (5-7 days)siphon tube and palmate hairPupa (1-2 days)siphon tubeAdult (7-10 days)wings... | 151,895 | medmcqa_train |
Population attributable risk is defined as:- | Population Attributable Risk (PAR) It is the incidence of disease (or death) in total population minus incidence of disease (or death) among those who were not exposed to suspected causal factor. It is useful as it provides an estimation of amount by which incidence of disease could be reduced in that population if the... | 151,896 | medmcqa_train |
Marker for granulosa cell tumor; | <p> - inhibin B is a peptide growth factor secreted by granulosa cells. - it is a measure of diminished ovarian reserve. - inhibin B is elevated in granulosa cell tumors. Reference : textbook of gynaecology Sheila balakrishnan, 2nd edition, pg no: 135 <\p> | 151,897 | medmcqa_train |
Diabetes mellitus can lead to - | All of the above are correct answers Diabetes leads to Diabetic retinopathy which is classified into two stages Non-proliferative DR Proliferative DR Which cause retinal vascular micro aneurysm, blot hemorrhages , cotton wool spots Neovascularisation, retinal detachment , rubeosisiridis and neovascular glaucoma Cranial... | 151,898 | medmcqa_train |
What is the name of the incision given below? | - The above image depicts Weber-Ferguson incision - It provides a wide access to all areas of the maxilla - It is used for tumors involving the maxilla extending superiorly into the orbit and/or involving the infra-orbital nerve. | 151,899 | medmcqa_train |
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