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Which of the following is inactive during normal respiration?
Ventral group of respiratory neurones are inactive during normal respiration Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number: 370,371,372
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A 10-month-old infant presents with acute intestinal obstruction. Contrast enema X-ray shows the intussusceptions, Likely cause is
Bailey writes - "The condition is encountered most commonly in children, in whom it occurs in an idiopathic form, with a peak incidence at 3-9 months. Between 70% and 90% of cases are classed as idiopathic, and an associated illness such as gastroenteritis or urinary tract infection is found in 30%. It is believed that...
21,001
medmcqa_train
Most common obstetrics nerve palsy?
Ref. DC Dutta's Textbook of Obstetrics. Pg 511 The commonest form of obstetric palsy encountered in puerperal period is foot drop. It is usually unilateral and appears shortly after delivery or during first day postpartum or so. It is thought to be  due to stretching of the lumbosacral trunk by the prolapsed interverte...
21,002
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Kerion is seen in :
Ans is 'b' Dermatophytosis Dermatophytosis is superficial fungal infection of the skin.These infections are restricted to the invasion of homys structures, Stratum corneum, Nail & Hair.Tinea is group name for highly contagious mycelial fungus. There are 3 distinct genera in this group.1. Epidermophyton (No hair involve...
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Commonest malignancy in HIV patient ?
Ans is 'a' ie. Kaposi Sarcoma Neoplastic ds seen in AIDS a) Kaposi Sarcoma (MC)* d) Multiple Myeloma b) Non-Hodgkins lymphoma (2nd MC)* e) Melanoma c) Hodgkins lymphoma f) Cervical, brain, testicular, oral cancers
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False about paial mole:
A paial mole may not present with the classical features of a complete mole .Vaginal bleeding is a usual symptom.Many a time it may present as an incomplete or missed aboion and be diagnosed only after histopathological examination.If a fetus is present it may have the stigmata of triploidy like early onset intrauterin...
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Timing of removal of sutures at scalp ?
At scalp sutures can be removed at 6-8 days
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Cholecystocaval line separates
Chdecystocaval line Line drawn from IVC and gall bladder divides liver into 2 halves - right and left lobes.
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Prognosis of a disease can be given by -
.the time interval between invasion by an infectious agent and appearance of the first sign or symptom of the disease in question is called incubation period.factors that determines it includes generation time,infective dose,poal of entry and individual susceptibility.it is helpful in tracing the source of infection,pe...
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Fractional excretion of sodium < 1 is seen in
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pre renal azotemia * Urine Diagnostic Indices in differentiation of prerenal Vs Intrinsic Renal FailureDiagnostic IndexPrerenalARFIntrinsic Renal ARF* Fractional Excretion of Na<1> 1* Urine Sodium Concentration (mmol/L)<10>20* Urine Creatinine to Plasma Creatinine ratio>40<20* Urine osmolality (mosmol...
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Electrical alternans in ECG is characteristic of
Electrical alternans is an electrocardiographic phenomenon defined as an alternating amplitude or axis of the QRS complexes in any or all leads. It is most commonly associated with a large pericardial effusion and impending threat of cardiac tamponade Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 467
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A 50-year-old woman develops a sudden, severe headache and is taken to the emergency department. On examination, she has nuchal rigidity. Her blood pressure is 115/83 mm Hg. A lumbar puncture is done; the CSF shows numerous RBCs, no neutrophils, a few mononuclear cells, and a normal glucose level. The Gram stain result...
About 1 in 50 individuals have a saccular (berry) aneurysm. Although this lesion is present at birth as a congenital defect in the arterial media at intracerebral arterial branch points, it can manifest later in life with aneurysmal dilation and possible rupture. These aneurysms are the most common cause of spontaneous...
21,011
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A patient 12-year-old presents with midline neck swelling , this swelling moves upwards during protrusion of tongue, patient describes this as painless and gives a long history of its presence, what is the most common site for this condition?
Ans. (b) Subhyoid.Thyroglossal cyst is the diagnosis of the given image, this is a remnant of thyroglossal duct.* It is an example or tubulodermoid lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium* Cholesterol crystals may be present and carcinomatous changes may occur* Positions in order of frequency1. Subhyoid2...
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Mirizzi syndrome is:
Ans. (a) GB stone compressing common hepatic ductCSENDES CLASSIFICATION of Mirizzi Syndrome -5 types.* Type 1: Only compression of Common Duct.* Type 2: Erosion less than 1/3rd* Type 3: Erosion more than 1/3rd* Type 4: Total destruction* Type 5: Associated Cholecysto Enteric Fistula
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Which of the following statement is false regarding subclan steal syndrome ?
Most commonly involved Vessel - Left SCA > Right SCA Reversal in the blood flow in the ipsilateral veebral aery to compensate for a proximal stenosis of SCA . Majority of cases are asymptomatic but severe stenosis can lead to Transient veebrobasilar ischemia .
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Which of the following mydriatics has the shortest duration of action?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Tropicamide Following table enumerates the salient features mydriatic durgs:Salient features of common cycloplegic and mydriatic drugsSI. NoName of the drugAge of the patient when indicatedDasage of instillationPeak effectTime of performing retinoscopyDuration of actionPeriod of postcycloplegic testTo...
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Which of the following Toll-like receptor is most specific for bacterial recognition?
Lipopolysaccharide is an integral part of Gram negative bacterial cell wall.
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Ovarian cyst in children presents with pain due to all except
Pain from ovarian cysts stems from 3 sources Expansion of ovarian cortex. Peritoneal bleeding from rupture. Ovarian torsion.
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All of the following maneuvers are used in shoulder dystocia, EXCEPT:
Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit maneuver is used to assist in the delivery of the fetal head manually. While the other three maneuvers (McRobes' maneuver, Woods corkscrew maneuver andsuprapubic maneuver) are used in shoulder dystocia. Ref: Management of labor and delivery By Robe K. Creasy; pages 364-366, 328-350; Shoulder Dyst...
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Infectivity of chicken pox last for :
“Period of communicability of varicella range from 1 to 2 days before the appearance of rash, and 4 to 5 days there after.” Park 18/e, p 123 The patient ceases to be infectious once the lesions have crusted. Scabs are not infective. So, option “a” is wrong. Important features of chicken pox : Causative Agent - Varicel...
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Not a vit. K dependent factor:
D i.e. XII- Vit K dependent factors: factor II (prothrombin), VII, IX, X protein C and SQ- Vit K is a necessary cofactor for the enzyme that catalyzes carboxylation of glutamic residue in these proteins, necessary for their action- PT is first to be prolonged in Vit K deficiency.Q ( factor VII has sho t1/2)
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Known Associations of Coeliac disease include the following except
IDDM and thyroiditis are endocrine associations but Addison's disease is not recognised as such, although there is a predominance of autoimmune diseases.
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Indication for tracheostomy are all, EXCEPT:
Indications for tracheostomy are Flail chest, Head injury, Foreign body, Tetanus etc. Cardiac tamponade is not an indication for tracheostomy.
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In normal pregnancy b-Hcg doubles in
With early normal progressing uterine pregnancies, the mean doubling time for serum bhCG levels was approximately 48 hours. The lowest normal value for this increase was 66 percent.Reference: William&;s Obstetrics; 24th edition; Chapter 19; Ectopic Pregnancy
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The preferred bypass procedure in case of non resectable carcinoma of head of pancreas is
It is preferable to use bile duct rather than the gall bladder.Cholecystojejunostomy is easier to perform,but the bile must then drain through the cystic duct,which is narrow and ,if the cystic duct is inseed low into the bile duct,it is vulnerable to occlusion by tumour growth. Bailey & Love 26th edition ,page no.1140...
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Resting membrane potential depends mainly on-
Ans. is "a' i.e., K o This question has been repeated in many exams.o The RMP is principally due to concentration difference (chemical difference) of K+ in ECF and ICF. In neurons, the resting membrane potential is usually about -70 mV, which is close to the equilibrium potential for K+. Here, it is worth noting that R...
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Bilirubin secretion is stimulated by
Bile salts are the most important cholerectic or the substance that increases bile secretion. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the most important cholagogue or substance that increases gallbladder contraction.
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The primary action of the neurotransmitter Nitric oxide (NO) in the gastrointestinal tract is:
Nitric oxide (NO) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter of enteric motor neurons that mediates Gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation. Unlike most neurotransmitters and hormones, NO does not act a membrane bound receptor. Instead NO readily diffuses into adjacent target cells to directly activate guanylcyclase and media...
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Feilization is complete when
At feilization, the secondary oocyte complete meiosis 2 to form a mature oocyte and a second polar body Ref: Gray's 39e/p-210-220
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Hutchinson's secondaries in skull are due to tumors in which of the following organs?
Hutchison's secondaries in the skull and orbit arise from left sided adrenal neuroblastoma. Secondaries in the skull mimics spicular osteogenic sarcoma. It is common in late childhood. Pepper type is right sided adrenal neuroblastoma with liver secondaries. It common in infants.Neuroblastoma is the commonest childhood ...
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A 40-year-old HIV positive male, presented with complaints of a characteristic rash over his back and buttocks. The rash was painful and has worsened over the past 3 days. Physical examination is unremarkable. Rest of the skin examination is normal. A smear was prepared from the lesions. All of the following drugs are ...
This is a case of Herpes zoster/ Shingles. The image shows hemorrhagic vesicles and pustules on an erythematous base in a dermatomal distribution. 2nd image shows a Tzanck smear with classical multinucleate giant cells seen in varicella. Drugs approved are: - Valcyclovir Famciclovir Acyclovir Ganciclovir is approved fo...
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Most specific histological lesion in diabetic nephropathy is -
Repeated Question
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Not true about bile salts
Bile is made up of the bile acids, bile pigments, and other substances dissolved in an alkaline electrolyte solution that resembles pancreatic juice. About 500 mL issecreted per day. Some of the components of the bile are reabsorbed in the intestine and then excreted again by the liver (enterohepatic circulation). The ...
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The metabolic derangement in congenital pyloric stenosis is –
Clinical manifestations of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Pyloric stenosis is usually not present at birth. Nonbullous vomiting is the initial symptoms of pyloric stenosis. The vomiting usually starts after 3 weeks of age, but symptoms may develop as early as the 1st week of life and as late as the 5 months...
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All of the following are boundaries of Trautman's triangle except:
Ans b): Inferior petrosal sinusBoundaries of Trautman's triangle-Boundaries of Citelle's angle -Bony labyrinthSigmoid sinusSigmoid sinusSuperior petrosal sinusMiddle fossa dura plateSolid angle- angle formed by three semicircular canalsContent of canal of Huguier- Chorda tympaniDorello's canalIts the groove of 5th nerv...
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Neurotransmitter playing major pa in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Acetylcholine Neurotransmitters in Alzheimer's disease Acetylcholine has a major role in memory functions and deficiency in cholinergic functioning is associatedwith memory disturbances paicularly sho term memory. In Alzheimer's disease there loss of cells in the nucleus basalis of meyernet results in...
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A 45 years old female presented to OPD with dull aching pain to right upper quadrant. She has two kids and taking OCPs from the last 5 years. Nodular enhancement was seen in the mass lesion on MRI. Which of the following is false about given condition ?
History - (i) Patient is a female(ii) H/o OCP from last 5 years C/F - Asymptomatic Incidentally detected on radiological investigation Dull aching pain in right upper quadrant On CECT - Peripheral nodular enhancement - Suggestive of hemangioma Hemangioma - MC benign Tm of liver Most patient remain asymptomatic (if tumo...
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In X-ray right border of mediastinum is formed by all EXCEPT
Right mediastinal border is formed by right innominate (brachiocephalic) vein, SVC, right atrium, and IVC (IVC may not be visible in PA view).
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Dorsal column lesions are associated with loss of:
Ans: C (Proprioception) Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th ed.Explanation:The posterior column (dorsal column)It refers to the area of white matter in the dorsomedial side of the spinal cord.It is made up of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatusIt is part of an ascending pathway that is imp...
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Sequence of events in glycogenolysis?
A i.e. Phosphorylase, Glucan transferase, Debranching, Phosphorylase- In well fed state (also called absorptive stage) insulin suppresses glucose -6- phosphatase activity and causes glucose 6 -phosphate to enter glycogenesisR (to form glycogen).- Active glycogen phosphorylase a in both tissues (i.e. muscle and liver) i...
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T. pallidum was discovered by
Ans. a (Schaudin and Hoffman) (Ref. Anantanarayan, Microbiology, 8th/ p. 5; 377)Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, was discovered by Schaudinn and Hoffmann (1905) in the chancres and ingunal nodes of syphilitic pts. Pallidum refers to pale staining.Important discoveries in MicrobiologySr. no.Scientist...
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A 34 year old male with chest trauma presents with sudden onset respiratory distress which is increasing. Hyper-resonant note is observed on the left side. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate emergent management?
Answer is A (Needle puncture and emergent decompression): Sudden Onset Respiratory Distress (which is increasing) and a Hyper-resonant percussion note in a patient with history of chest trauma suggest a diagnosis of Tension Pneumothorax. Needle puncture and emergent decompression is the treatment of choice for Tension ...
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Savlon contains -
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Cetrimide + chlorhexidine o Savlon contains - Chlorhexidine gluconate (hibitane) + Cetrimide (cetavlon) in various percentages.
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Hvpervitaminosis A causes -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of above Vitamin A Toxicityo Anorexia, slow growth, drying and cracking of skin, enlargement of liver and spleen, swelling and pain of long bones, bone fragility", increased intracranial pressure, alopecia, carotenemia; fetal abnormalities.Vitamin A deficiencyo Nyctalopia, photophobia, xerophthalm...
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A 67-year-old man, chronic smoker, presented to the ER with sudden, intense and persistent abdominal and back pain along with altered mental status. O/E: - Hypotension Tachycardia Cyanosis. On abdominal examination, a tender, pulsatile and an expansile mass was noted in the umbilical and the epigastric region. Patient ...
This is a case of abdominal aoic aneurysm rupture into the intraperitoneal cavity leading to frank shock. Image 1 shows abdominal aoic aneurysm. Image 2 shows hyperdense crescent sign which is a sign of impending aoic rupture Abdominal Aoic Aneurysm Males > females Incidence increases with age Cigarette smoking is a po...
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Which of the following is not an example of pure gold restorative material?​
Direct gold restorations are the only type of restorations that use pure metal, namely gold, with the exception of one type of direct gold, i.e., electralloy. Direct gold materials can be classified into two main categories: precipitated gold and gold foil. Electralloy is an actual alloy of gold and calcium, with the c...
21,045
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Which of the following organism is implicated in the causation of botryomycosis
Staphylococcus aureus and other pyogenic bacteria may occasionally cause a mycetoma-like lesion called botryomycosis. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology; Ananthanarayan and Paniker's; 10th Edition; Page No: 401
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Hydrophobic amino acid is
Amino acids having non-polar side chaindthese include Alanine,Valine,Leucine,Isoleucine,Methionine,Proline,Phenylalanine and Tryptophan.These groups are HYDROPHOBIC (waater repellant) and lipidophilic REFERENCE ; DM VASUDEVAN TEXTBOOK SEVENTH EDITION PAGE NO :26
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Which of the following is a high ceiling diuretic ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Furosemide o Loop diuretics are called high ceiling diuretics because, progressive increase in dose is matched by increasing diuresis, i.e. they have a high ceiling effect. o Furosamide is a loop diuretics.
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Which of the following is derived from 3rd pharyngeal arch?
Lesser cornu of hyoid- 2nd Thyroid cailage- 4th arch Cricoid- 6th arch
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ATRA is used in treatment of tumour which is associated with which of the following
PML RARA So AML M3 is associated with PML RARA fusion product And the treatment AML M3 is ATRA or arsenic trioxide ref : robbins 10th ed
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Continuous contact lens wear may lead to -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Giant papillary conjunctivitis o Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC) is the formation of small-sized nodules (called 'papillae', 0.3-1mm size or larger) on the inner side of the eyelids (on the conjunctiva); leading to foreign body sensation, persistent irritation, discharge of watery mucus, among ot...
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True about PMSMA except:-
PMSMA - Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyaan: * Launched by Ministry of health & family welfare. * Free antenatal check-up of pregnant women with paicipation of Private doctors. * Held at Govt. hospitals on 9th of every month. * Logo for PMSMA.
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A 25 years old female develops serous otitis media of left ear with cough and occasional hemoptysis and hematuria and epistaxis for one and half months her hemoglobin is 7 gm. B.P is > 170/100, proteinuria +++, RA - ve and ANCA - ve, the likely cause is?
Answer is A>D (Wegener's granulumatosis > Goodpasture's Syndrome); The patient in question is presenting with characteristic clinical triad of Wegener's granulomatosis, namely, Vasculitis of upper respiratory tract (serous otitis media, epistaxis), Vasculitis of lower respiratory tract (cough and hemoptysis) and vascul...
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Which of the following is true about oral therapy for iron deficiency anemia?
Discussing about the options one by one, a. Only 10% of the iron given by oral route gets absorbed.- so option 1 is wrong b. Reticulocytosis appears in 48-72 hours, peaking at 5-7 days - so option 2 is wrong c. Clinical response to treatment appears within 24 hours - so option 3 is wrong d. The normalization of body ir...
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LES pressure is decreased by all except
LES pressure- 10-25mm Hg LES presssure decreased by Alcohol, smoking, fat Coffee, Chocolate, Mint Barbiturates, Atropine, diazepam, theophylline Ref; katzung 12th ed.
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Average Mental IQ according to Wechsler's Scale is –
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) : David Wechsler (1939), published the first intelligence test designed for an adult population; It was the first IQ test based on Normal/Gaussian distribution'. It is currently in its fourth edition (WAIS-IV). The original WAIS (Form I) was published in February 1955, as a revi...
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Which of the following is located medial to the third molar, at the junction of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone?
Greater palatine foramen, one on each side, lies behind the palatomaxillary suture of maxilla. Its location is medial to maxillary 3rd molar, at the junction of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone. Greater palatine foramen transmits greater palatine vessels, anterior palatine nerve, both of which runs forward...
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Oral combined contraceptive pills contain which one of the following sets of hormone :
Progestrogen and Ethinyl oestradiol
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A 42yr old female with HIV is frequently suffering from diarrhoea despite treatment with HAA. Which of the following organisms can cause diarrhoea in HIV patients?
All the organisms can produce diarrhoea in HIV patients due to impaired t cell-mediated immunity Ref: D.R. Arora. Medical parasitology 4th ed pg. 239
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The number of ciliary processes is about:
Ans. 70-80
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Vagina develops from -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Paramesonephric duct o Vagina is derived from two sources:-i) Upper 2/3rd: It is derived from Utero-Vaginal Canal, i.e. the fused part of paramesonephric duct. Therefore, this part is mesodermal in origin.ii) Lower l/3rd: It is derived from sinovaginal bulb which intum is derived from urogenital sinus...
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A female presenting with progressive visual defect is diagnosed to have retinitis pigmentosa. All of the following conditions are associated with retinitis pigmentosa, EXCEPT:
Some forms of retinitis pigmentosa occur in association with rare, hereditary systemic diseases like olivopontocerebellar degeneration, Bassen-Kornzweig disease (abetalipoproteinemia), Kearns-Sayre syndrome, Refsum's disease, and neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) syndrome. Chronic treatment with chlor...
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A 25 years old female complains of recurrent rhinitis, nasal discharge and bilateral nasal blockage since one year. She has history of asthma and allergy. On examination multiple ethmoidal polyps are noted with mucosal thickening and impacted secretions in both the nasal cavities. Biopsy is taken and the material is cu...
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Aspergillus fumigatus(Ref: Harrison, 18th/e, p. 1655, 1656 and 17th/e, p. 1257)* Information provided in this question are:(i) Recurrent rhinitis, nasal discharge, bilateral nasal blockade.(ii) History of asthma and allergy.(iii) Hyphae with dichotomous branching at 45degC.* All suggest the diagnosis ...
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NADPH is produced by -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hexose monophosphate shunt o HMP shunt is particularly important for two purposesi) Synthesis of ribose for nucleotide and nucleic acid formation.ii) Formation of NADPH which plays important role in several other biological processes, e.g. synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, steroid hormones and ne...
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Psychosurgical procedures are used in the treatment of all of these mental disorders except
(C) Treatment resistant dissociative disorder # PSYCHOSURGERY> Psychosurgery is defined {by APA's Task Force) as, a surgical intervention, to sever fibers connecting one part of brain with another, or to remove, destroy or stimulate brain tissue, with the intent of modifying, behavior, thought or mood disturbances, for...
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The choroid plexus of the fouh ventricle is derived from the
Roof plate & its pial covering give rise to the choroid plexus. Alar plate gives rise to sensory neurons Basal plate gives rise to motor neurons Floor plate contains decussating fibers Rhombic lips give rise to the cerebellum.
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All of the following statements about Neurofibromatosis are true, except?
Neurofibromatoses are a group of clinically and genetically different autosomal dominant hereditary diseases that predispose to benign and malignant tumors of the nervous system. It is of two types NF 1 and NF2. Cutaneous neurofibromas occur in NF1, and NF 2 is associated with posterior subcapsular cataract. Ref: Harri...
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Culture medium used for entamoeba histolytica?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Philip's medium Cultures media used for cultivation of E.histolytica are :- Boeck and Drbohlav's medium Jones medium Philip's medium Balamuth's medium Shaffer and Frye's medium Diamond's medium
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Anaesthetic agent that predisposes to maximum arrhythmias –
Amongst the inhalational agents, Halothane has the maximum propensity to sensitize heart to adrenaline → Arrhythmia can occur.
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Nerve root of pudendal nerve is-
Ans. is 'b' i.e., S2 S3 S4 o Has been explained in previous session
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Which of the following is not a complication of mumps: March 2009
Ans. D i.e. None of the option Known complications of mumps include: Mumps viral infections in adolescent and adult males carry an up to 30% risk that the testes may become infected (orchitis or epididymitis), which can be quite painful; about half of these infections result in testicular atrophy, and in rare cases ste...
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In alcoholic liver disease, which of the following pigments deposited in the hepatocytes -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hemosiderin
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A person involved in a murder is brought to you for determination of age since the defence attorney wants him to be treated as a minor. The results of Xrays are as given below: 1) All the epiphyses of the elbow have fused 2) All the epiphyses of the shoulder joint have fused 3) The epiphyses of the inner end of the cla...
The epiphyses of the elbow joint fuses by 15 - 17 years in males. The epiphysis of the shoulder joint fuses by 18 - 19 years of age. If the inner end of the clavicle has fused he is at least 21 years of age or more. Also know In females the epiphyses fuses about 2 years earlier than in males. Ref: Textbook of Forensic ...
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Multiple nasal polyp in children should guide the clinician to search for undermying:
Multiple nasal polyp in children nay be associated with mucoviscidosis. Ref.Dhingra 6/e p 175
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Most common cause of sudden death-
the most common cause of sudden death in people is ventricular fibrillation Ventricular fibrillation is the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death. The condition's rapid, erratic heabeats cause the hea to abruptly stop pumping blood to the body. The longer the body is deprived of blood, the greater the risk of dam...
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A sexually active young male, presented to the physician with urethral discharge. On urine microbiology examination, pus cells were present in the absence of any identifiable organisms. Which of the following is the best method for culture in this this scenario?
Whenever a young male presents with urethritis, gonococcal or chlamydial infection is suspected. Gram staining of a gonococcal urethritis reveals gram -ve diplococci along with inflammatory cells. If gram stain does not reveal gonococcus most probably it is a case of non gonococcal urethritis (chlamydial urethritis). C...
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Negri bodies are seen in-
The rabies virus is a bullet-shaped virion with a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) nucleocapsid core and lipoprotein envelope. Its nucleocapsid material consists of Negri bodies, which are observed in the cytoplasm of infected neurons (see the image below). The virus is transmitted in saliva or in aerosolized sec...
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Mehemmoglobinemia is caused by
Refer Katzung 11/e p449. The admistration of large doses of prilocarpine during regional anesthesia may lead to accumulation of the metabolite o-toludine an oxidizing agent capable of conveing hemoglobin to methemoglobin
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All are causes of granular contracted kidneys, except-
In benign nephrosclerosis, the kidneys will be reduced in size, and weight. The capsule is often adherent to the coical surface. The surface of the kidney is finely granular and shows V-shaped areas of scaring. In chronic pyelonephritis, the kidneys are small and contracted, showing an unequal reduction, which distingu...
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Which of the following is not associated with increase in prolactin?
Ans. (D) Quetiapine(Ref: KDT 8/e p469)All other drugs are typical antipsychotics except quetiapine and release prolactin by blocking hypothalamic dopamine receptors.
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At what time is the crown completed for the tooth indicated?
The correct answer for A would be about 1.5 months or 6 weeks; B, About 4 to 5 years; C, About 2.5 months or 10 weeks; D, About 4 to 5 years.
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Most common heart disease in pregnancy is-
Ans: C
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Berry aneurysm - Defect lies in
*In berry aneurysms basic abnormality lies is the congenital deficiency of the tunica media(elastic tissue)in the aerial wall. Intimomedial mucoid degeneration (IMMD) is a rare vascular disorder characterised by the deposition of mucin in the intima and media, which leads to elastic tissue degeneration and aneurysm for...
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Ulcerative colitis most commonly involves:
Ans. (a) RectumRef: Sabiston 20th edition, Page 1339* Most common site of ulcerative colitis: Rectum* Most common site of Crohn's disease: Terminal ileum
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All of the following are true statements regarding drugs to be discontinued before surgery except :
The following drugs has tobe continued on the day of surgery: Antihypeensive medications Cardiac medications (e.g.,b-blockers, digoxin) Antidepressants, anxiolytics, and other psychiatric medications Thyroid medications Anticonvulsantmedications Asthma medications. Steroids (oral and inhaled) Drugs that should be disco...
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Type of light used in dark ground microscopy: September 2005
Ans. B: Reflected light Dark ground microscopy is the most specific and sensitive technique to diagnose syphilis when an active chancre or condyloma lata is present. This technique allows for a presumptive diagnosis of syphilis even before antibodies have developed. Although, unstained living organisms may be observed ...
21,086
medmcqa_train
Alcoholic says that he drinks to overcome family problem - defense mechanism -
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Rationalization o Logical and socially acceptable explanation for an unacceptable behavior or feeling is rationalization Important Defence mechanisms1) Denial: - Denial is the avoidance of awareness of some painful aspect of reality by negating sensory data. Person is unable to face reality or admit an...
21,087
medmcqa_train
Cawheel sign is seen in
Cawheel appearance is seen in ASOM. Leash of blood vessels appears along the handle of malleus and at the periphery of tympanic membrane impaing it a ca-wheel appearance. Later, whole of tympanic membrane including pars flaccida becomes uniformly red. Seen in stage of Presuppuration Reference: Dhingra; Chapter 10; Page...
21,088
medmcqa_train
What is the daily requirement of potassium in a healthy adult?
Minimum daily requirement for potassium in healthy adults is estimated to be 2g. The average intake of potassium among the adult population of industrialized world is approximately is 2-3 per day. Recommended daily intake of potassium to reduce risk of high blood pressure, stroke, and hea disease is 4-5g/d.
21,089
medmcqa_train
The most common site for lymphagiosarcoma is
Ans. (c) Post mastectomy arm(Ref: Cancer 1948; 1:64-81)*Lymphangiosarcoma is a misnomer because this malignancy seems to arise from blood vessels instead of lymphatic vessels.*Most commonly, this tumor is a result of lymphedema induced by radical mastectomy*Stewart-Treves syndrome is a rare, cutaneous angiosarcoma that...
21,090
medmcqa_train
Tumour lysis syndrome all occurs except
Hypercalcemia Tumor lysis syndrome occurs during the treatment of malignanciesQ. It is most frequently seen during the treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma. Tumor lysis syndrome Destruction of large number of rapidly proliferating neoplastic cells leads to release of a number of intracellular electrolytes which causes follo...
21,091
medmcqa_train
Results of a test were given as very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, it represents -
In this question, data has been placed into categories, i.e. very satisfied, satisfied and dissatisfied. So, an ordinal scale should be used.
21,092
medmcqa_train
Koebners phenomenon is seen typically with
Koebner phenomenon is the development of isomorphic pathologic lesions in the traumatized uninvolved skin of patients who have cutaneous diseases. Trauma is followed by new lesions in the traumatized but otherwise normal skin, and these new lesions are clinically and histopathologically identical to those in the diseas...
21,093
medmcqa_train
Pleomorphic adenoma histology is characterized by?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Mixed epithelial and mesenchymal components They are derived from a mixture of ductal (epithelial ) and myoepithelial cells and therefore they show both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation -Also called mixed tumor. Pleomorphic adenoma :? This is the Commonest neoplasm of Salivary glands. The mo...
21,094
medmcqa_train
For sodium-potassium pump, the coupling ratio is
Na, K ATPase catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and uses the energy to extrude three Na+ from the cell and take two K+ into the cell for each molecule of ATP hydrolyzed. It is an electrogenic pump in that it moves three positive charges out of the cell for each two that it moves in, and it i...
21,095
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is the most common feature of Aoitis on chest X-ray -
Saccular aneurysm with pencil-thin dystrophic calcification most commonly in ascending aoa commencing near aoic root is characteristic of syphilitc aoitis. Aoic aneurysm in Marfans syndrome often involves sinuses of valsalva and ascending aoa.It can also effect aoic ring resulting in AR. Takayasu aoitis affects segment...
21,096
medmcqa_train
HCO3 is absorbed through?
Ans. (a) PCTRef: Ganong 25th ed. / 713* 80-90% of bicarbonate is reabsorbed in PCT.* Absorption of HCO3 is indirect (due to secretion of H+ by PCT)* H+ + HCO3 H2CO3 - H2O + CO2 - CO2 diffuses into epithelial cell and generate HCO3 ion which is then reabsorbed.Also Know* PCT reabsorbs: Na+ Cl, HCO3, PO4, K+,Glucose and ...
21,097
medmcqa_train
M/C site of ureteric injury during hysterectomy:
Ans. is b, i.e. Where it is crossed by uterine arterySite of ureteric injury during hysterectomy1st M/C = where it is crossed by uterine artery2nd M/C = Near pelvic brim
21,098
medmcqa_train
Homer syndrome is characterized by all EXCEPT
D. i.e. (Exophthalmos) (356 - Khurana 4th)HORNERS SYNDROME - (Oculosympathetic palsy)Clinical features* Mild ptosis (usually 1- 2 mm) as a result of weakness of mullermuscles* Slight elevation of the inferior eyelid as a result of weakness of inferior tarsal muscle narrowed palpebral fissure* Miosis - resulting from un...
21,099
medmcqa_train