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Which is not true about hepatitis B virus
HBV is a bloodborne virus and infection is transmitted by parenteral, sexual and perinatal modes. The viral genome consists of paially double-stranded circular DNA. It has reverse transcriptase REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO-545
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A 60-year-old male, chronic smoker presented with gross hematuria, pain in the left flank along with significant history of weight loss, fever and shoness of breath for 3 months. O/E, a mass was palpated in the left flank which was firm in consistency and about 5x5 cm in dimensions along with a left sided varicocele wa...
This is a case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with cannon ball metastasis in lungs. Chest x-ray shows multiple, bilateral, rounded soft tissue density massessuggestive of cannon ball metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. CT image shows the classical renal cell carcinoma. HPE image is classical of clear cell renal car...
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A 6-year-old child has an accident and had fracture elbow, after 4 years presented with tingling and numbness in the ulnar side of finger, fracture is:
(b) Dislocation of elbow- Fracture elbow with tingling subsequently after few years--"Tardy ulnar nerve palsy". Most common cause is fracture lateral condyle humerus.
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Population greater than 60 years in 2011 census is?
ANSWER; (C) 7.4%REF: style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; margin: 0 0 8pt 8px; text-indent: 0; text-align: left">See APPENDIX- 80 below for "CENSUS 2011 SUMMARY"APPENDIX- 80CENSUS 2011 SUMMARY:Census 2011 is the 15th National Census of the country since 1872 and the 7th- aft...
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Which of the following drugs act by inhibiting DNA replication?
6 Mercaptopurineis purine antimetabolite therefore it preventsDNAreplication. Mitomycin C is an antitumor antibiotic that inhibits DNA synthesis by producing DNA cross-links which halt cell replication and eventually cause cell death. Actinomycin D acts by inhibiting DNA dependent RNA synthesis. Asparaginase is an enzy...
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True about hepatitis with HCV is:
Genotyping is helpful for predicting the likelihood of response and duration of treatment. Patients with genotypes 1 and 4 are generally treated for 12 months, whereas 6 months of treatment is sufficient for other genotypes. Genotyping can be performed by direct sequence analysis, reverse hybridization to genotype-spec...
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All are true about Raynaud’s phenomena except:
RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON Raynaud’s phenomenon is characterized by episodic digital ischemia on exposure to cold or emotional stress. Manifested by the sequential development of digital blanching, cyanosis and rubor (redness) of fingers or toes. BCR: Blanching, Cyanosis and Rubor (redness)
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What is the physiological role of calcitonin in metabolism?
Calcitonin lowers circulating calcium and phosphate levels. It exes its calcium-lowering effect by inhibiting bone resorption. This action is direct, and calcitonin inhibits the activity of osteoclasts in vitro. It also increases Ca2+ excretion in the urine. Ref: Barrett K.E., Barman S.M., Boitano S., Brooks H.L. (2012...
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A climber is coming down from the summit of Mt. Everest. At an altitude of 8,400m, he has a blood gas drawn while breathing ambient air as pa of a research project. The blood gas reveals pH 7.55, PCO2- 12, PO2 -30 and HCO3 -20. What does it demonstrate?
pH - 7.55 (alkaline) PCO2 - 12 (low) HCO3 - 20 (low) -Respiratory alkalosis * For every 10 mm | in CO2 -HCO3 to be | by 2 meq. * So PCO2 | ~ 30 mm Hg * HCO3 to be | by 2x3=6 * So 26-6 = 20 * But pH - | * So paially compensated compensation is paial because pH is not normalized(normal pH ranges 7.35-7.45)
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Positive shick’s test indicates that person is :
Shick’s test Intradermal test which provide information regarding : a. Immune status, b. Hypersensitivity & susceptibility to diptheria toxin before giving active immunization.  In one arm toxin is injected (test arm) and in other arm heat inactivated toxin is injected (control arm).
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The ideal material used for femoropopliteal shunt is:
Vascular Graft Bioprosthetic Synthetic Autograft Homograft (allograft) Heterograft (Xenograft) Tissue engineered Textile: - DacronQ Non-textile: - ePTFEQ - Polyurethane Best Natural vascular graft: Reversed saphenous veinQ Best synthetic vascular graft: DacronQ Best vascular graft for suprainguinal bypass: Dacron Best ...
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Which of the following drugs has been found to be useful in acute severe asthma
Magnesium sulphate by Iv or inhalation route has been used for the treatment big acute severe asthma All other drugs mentioned in the options are used for prophylaxis of asthma Refer Harrison 17/e p 1605
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Which of the following is not a 2 way communication -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lectures Communication o Communication is a process of transferring information from one source to another. o There arc following types of communication :? 1. One-way communication (Didactic method) One way communication is one in hich information is always transferred in only one preassigned directio...
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Impotence quoad hauc means
Impotence quoad hance with a paicular individual owing to an invincible repugnance to the sexual act has been recognized. Ref: Krishan Vij textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology 5e; Chapter 27; Page no: 395
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Foueen weeks pregnancy with third degree prolapse. Best management will be :
Ans. is c i.e. Ring pessary Other indications of Ring pessary : Young women planning a pregnancy. In puerperium - to facilitate involution. Patient unfit or unwilling for surgery. Women who have undergone atleast one previous attempt at surgical intervention without relief. Diagnostic - It may be placed diagnostically ...
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Iron overload
Normal plasma contains very little ferritin. Ferritin in plasma is elevated in iron overload. Thus ferritin level in blood is an index of body iron stores. iv. Ferritin is an acute phase reactant protein that is elevated in inflammatory diseases. Estimation of ferritin is also indicated in chronic kidney disease to ass...
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All of the following conditions may predispose to pulmonary embolism except:
Protein S (vitamin K-dependent physiological anticoagulant) acts as a Non-Enzymatic co-factor to activate protein C in the proteolytic degradation of Factor Va and factor Vllla. Decreased (antigen) levels/impaired function (activity) of protein S leads to decrease degradation of factor Va and factor Vllla and an increa...
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Papular-purpuric 'Gloves and socks' syndrome is caused by
c. Parvo virus B19(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1570-1571)Papular purpuric "gloves-and-socks" syndrome (PPGSS) is a self-limited condition associated with Parvovirus B19 infection & is characterized by fever, pruritus, painful edema & erythema localized to distal extremities in a distinct "gloves-and-socks" distribution, follo...
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Excessive fibrosis in tumor in called-
Desmoplasia a growth of fibrosis or connective tissue. It is swamp plastic growth secondary to an insult. May occur around a brook ask causing dense fibrosis. Or within scar tissue as adhesions in the abdomen after abdominal surgeries.
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Which of the following is not an amino steroid derivative –
Vecuronium, Pancuronium, Pipecuronium are aminosteroids. Alcuronium is benzylisoquinolone.
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Which of the following is an indication of use of tissue conditioners
All of the above are indications of use of tissue conditioners.
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Trial of labour is contraindicated in all of the following conditions, except :
Ans. is d i.e. Multigravida Trial of labour is conduction of spontaneous labour in a moderate degree of cephalopelvic dispropoion, under supervision with watchful expectancy, hoping for a vaginal delivery. The phrase 'trial' which was originally used to test for pelvic adequacy is now being used to test numerous factor...
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A 22 year female comes with complains of dyspnea and palpitations since 4 years shows verrucous vegetations of mitral valve. The condition is due to?
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (often misspelled Libmann-Sachs) is a form of nonbacterial endocarditis that is seen in association with systemic lupus erythematosus. It is one of the most common hea-related manifestations of lupus (the most common being pericarditis . Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 453
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Features of intussusception are-
Answer 'b' i.e. Target sign Radiological investigations and signs seen in Intussusception Plain film - features of small intestinal obstruction - abdominal soft tissue density in some cases which may show target sign --> soft-tissue mass with concentric area of lucency due to mesenteric fat meniscus sign ---> crescent ...
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Commonest type of cleft lip is -
Distribution of Cleft types Cleft lip alone → 15% Cleft lip & palate → 45% Isolated cleft palate → 40%
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Substance P is increased is response pain in periphery by which of the following?
Ans. (d) Nerve terminals(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.141)Substance P#Location- primary afferent neurons in the spinal cord, nigrostriatal system, hypothalamus#Responsible for axon reflex, peristalsis, pain transmission#Receptors- neurokinin receptors (NK1 -NK3 )
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Index of potency of general anaesthesia -
Minimum alveolar concentration is defined as the alveolar concentration of an inhaled anesthetic agent that prevents movement in 50% of patients in response to a standardized surgical stimulus. The MAC of a volatile substance is inversely propoional to its lipid solubility (oil: gas coefficient), in most cases. This is...
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What is not recommended in management of hyperkalemia?
Bolus D50W without insulin is never appropriate because of the risk of acutely worsening hyperkalemia due to the osmotic effect of hypeonic glucose. Intravenous bicarbonate has no role in the routine treatment of hyperkalemia. It should be reserved for patients with hyperkalemia and concomitant metabolic acidosis, and ...
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Test used to differentiate maternal from fetal blood
The Apt test is most commonly used in cases of vaginal bleeding late during pregnancy (antepaum haemorrhage) to determine if the bleeding is from the mother or the fetus.
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Patient should be kept nil orally for:
for adults 6 hours for liquids and semisolids 8 hours for fried, fatty food Recommended Preoperative Fasting period for neonates and infants are 6 hours for solids/formula feeds/cow's milk 4 hours for breast milk Recommended Preoperative Fasting periods for all above 1 year of age are 2 hours for clear fluids 4 hours f...
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A chronic alcoholic develops palpitations suddenly after alcohol binge. Which of the following arrythmia is most commonly associated with alcohol binge in the alcoholics?
Answer is D (Atrial fibrillation) Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia appearing after a drinking binge. Fibrillation is followed by atrial flutter and ventricular premature depolarization in frequency.
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What is the major advantage of randomised sample in a clinical trial?
Randomization is a statistical procedure by which the selection bias is reduced and thus the paicipants are allocated into study and control groups. By randomization, there is equal distribution of factors between the two groups and thus comparison is allowed. Although randomization makes the groups comparable, it does...
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A 34-year-old man complains of hearing loss. He has had multiple bouts of ear infections over the last 20 years and was recently diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media. Which of the following is the most likely complication of this condition in this patient?
Cholesteatoma is a complication of chronic suppurative otitis and a rupture of the eardrum. Cholesteatoma is a mass of accumulated keratin and squamous mucosa that results from the growth of squamous epithelium from the external ear canal through the perforated eardrum into the middle ear. Microscopically, cholesteatom...
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Buerger’s disease is not associated with:
Buerger’s disease (Thromboangitis obliterans) Occlusive disease of small and medium sized arteries Thrombophlebitis of superficial or deep veins Raynaud syndrome Affects males (<30yrs) Angiography sometimes shown a characteristic ‘corrugation’ of the femoral arteries as well as the distal arterial occlusions and helps ...
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Continuous murmur is seen in-
Continuous murmurs begin in systole, peak near the second hea sound, and continue into all or pa of diastole. Their presence throughout the cardiac cycle implies a pressure gradient between two chambers or vessels during both systole and diastole. The continuous murmur associated with a patent ductus aeriosus is best h...
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Which of the following passes between base of the skull and superior constrictor muscle?
Between base of the skull and superior constrictor muscle lies the Morgagni sinus, through which passes the auditory tube, levator palati muscle, ascending palatine artery and palatine branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery.
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Triturating a dental amalgam will _____.
Triturating (mixing) the amalgam particle with the mercury is intended to result in coating the particles with a surface of mercury and creating the desirable phases in the set amalgam. All of the alloy particle is not dissolved in the mercury, nor is the size significantly reduced.
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Total daily dose of DEC in filariasis is:-
DEC (Diethylcarbabamazine) is drug of choice for filariasis. It is given at a dose of 2 mg/kg thrice a day (total 6 mg/kg daily) for 10-14 days. Yearly combination of three drugs as a single dose on mass scale is approved for decreasing the transmission of filariasis. These drugs are: DEC: 6 mg/kg Ivermectin: 400 mcg/k...
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Mother with previous history of delivery a CAH child, what to do in next pregnancy in regard to steroid therapy
CAH (congenital adrenal hyperplasia) is associated with masculinisation of a female fetus caused by reduced or absent enzymatic activity at one of the stages of adrenal steroid biosynthesis. Prenatal exposure to androgens leads to external genital masculinisation of the affected female child. Since it is an autosomal r...
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Metyrapone acts by -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Inhbition of 11b-Hydroxylase o Metyrapone inhibits 1113-Hydroxylase in adrenal coex and prevents synthesis of hydrocoisone.
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Prostate gland is derived from
In the hindgut at the region of cloaca develops a urogenital sinus which forms urinary bladder, urethra and lower pa of vagina in females. It also forms inner glandular poion of prostate gland. It is endodermal in origin.
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Tecovirimat was approved by FDA recently for
it i s an antiviral drug aganist small pox.It inhibits the production of extracellular viral forms which help in systemic spread. Ref: www.fda.gov/downloads/ticovirament
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A 48-year-old right-handed man was admitted with a 3-day history of brief generalised tonic-clonic seizures,muscle weakness, a 3-month history of weight loss with increasing difficulty in eating and a 1-week history of word finding difficulties and speech apraxia with reduced fine motor skills.He had a diagnosis of typ...
The clinical scenario shows a child who had normal development previously and then presenting with symptoms of lactic acidosis and stroke(seizures with focal neurological deficits). The microscopy of muscle biopsy with modified Gomori trichrome staining shows ragged red fibers (arrowhead). Based on these features, the ...
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True about clavicle?
Ans:C.)No medullary cavity. Peculiarities of Clavicle: It has no medullary cavity It is the first bone to ossify in the fetus (5th-6th week) It is the only long bone having 2 primary centers of ossification (others have only 1) It is the only long bone that ossifies in membrane and not in cailage It is the only long bo...
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A 4 year old child is brought to the clinic with slowly progressive edema following an upper respiratory tract infection. Urine analysis of the child showed massive(more than 3dm/d) proteinuria and oval fat bodies. Which of the following is not a feature of the childs underlying condition ?
Child is most likely suffering from nephrotic syndrome. It is associated with increased fibrinogen levels. Characteristic features of nephrotic syndrome are proteinuria ( 3gm/ 24 hours), hypoalbuminemia, peripheral edema, hyperlipidemia and presence of oval fat bodies in the urine. Complications of nephrotic syndrome a...
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Superior rectal vein opens into-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Inferior mesenteric vein 'Superior rectal vein drains into the inferior mesenteric vein and hence into the portal circulation'Blood supply of rectum* Major arterial supply of rectum is through superior rectal artery (inferior continuation of inferior mesenteric artery). Other arterial supply of rectum...
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All of the following are indications for termination of pregnancy in APH patient except:
Transverse lie is not an indication for termination of pregnancy in APH. Ref: Management of High-Risk Pregnancy: A Practical Approach By S. S. Trivedi, SS Trivedi MS FICOG and Manju Puri, M.D, 2011, Page 150 ; Textbook of Obstetrics By D.C.Dutta, 5th Edition, Page 264-65
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Which of the following toxins acts by inhibiting protein synthesis -
Toxin which acts by inhibiting protein synthesis: Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas Exotoxin A: Inhibiting elongation factor 2 Shiga toxin and Verotoxin (Shiga like toxin) of EHEC: Inhibiting 60s ribosome
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Most common site of intracranial hemorrhage in hepeensive hemorrhage is
*The most common site for hypeensive hemorrhage is basal ganglia,cerebellum,thalamus,pons. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2345
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Diameter of an adult crystalline lens is:
Ans. 11-12 mm
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All are true regarding hereditary angioedema, except?
A i.e. Dysfunction of enzyme is most common case
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Standard error of mean is called as -
.
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A mutation in the codon which causes a change in the coded amino acid, is known as:
Ans. C. Mis-sense mutation(Ref: Harper 31/e page 398)I. Silent MutationIf a mutation does not alter the polypeptide product of the gene.Also called Synonymous Mutation.II. Mis-sense mutationThe alteration in the nucleotide may result in the incorporation of a different amino acid.
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Privileged communication is between: AI 09
Ans. Doctor-cou
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AML with gum infiltration and hepatosplenomegaly is most probably:
. M4
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Commonest cause of thunderclap headache: AIIMS 10; NIMHANS 14
Ans. Aneursymal SAH
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A child presenting with recurrent respiratory tract infections, mouth breathing and decreased hearing. Treatment of choice is
(Adenoidectomy) (228-385- Dhingra 4th, 367- Logan & Turner 10th)* Recurrent RTI, mouth breathing and decreased hearing suggest that child is suffering from adenoids,* Treatment of choice for adenoids is - AdenoidectomyADENOIDS* Adenoids (or nasopharyngeal tonsil / is situated at junction of the roof and posterior wall ...
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A 70-year-old patient presents with dizziness and headache followed by left sided hemiparesis with right eye dilatation and ptosis. Most probable blood vessel damaged is:
Ans: (c) Posterior cerebral arteryRef: Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology, 10th edition, Page 804; Localisation in Clinical Neurology, 6th edition, Chapter 105EponymSiteCranial nerves involvedTracts involvedSignsArteries involvedWeber SyndromeBase of midbrainIIICorticospinal tractOculomotor palsy with crossed h...
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What is differentiating feature between irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease is?
FECAL CALPROTECTIN, is a biomarker of bowel inflammation and help in differentiating from irritable bowel syndrome. Faecal lactoferrinis a highly sensitive and specific marker for detecting intestinal inflammation. Faecal calprotectinlevels correlate well with histologic inflammation, predict relapses, and detect pouch...
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A 50 year female has 2o deep burn involving 45% total body surface area (TBSA). Regarding her management which of the following statement (s) is/are true
According to parkland regimen, 4ml/%burn/bodyweight/24hours. i.e 4*45*50=9000ml. Fluid requirements, first 24hours=9L first 8hours=4.5L 4.5L are infused in next 16hours. Hamanns solution or ringer lactate is recommended. Regular assessment of adequacy of resuscitation should be performed. Blood products and colloid may...
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Which of the following is the major site of erythropoietin production during the fetal stage:
a. Liver(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2306)Erythropoietin (EPO) is produced in fetal liver during 1st & 2nd trimesters, by cells of monocyte/macrophage origin.After birth, the anatomic site of EPO production shifts to the kidney.
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All the following are indications for brain imaging in epilepsy, except
. *Indications for brain imaging in epilepsy: -epilepsy staing after the age of 16yrs -seizures having focal features clinically -EEG showing a focal seizure source -control of seizures difficult or deteriorating. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2133
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Amount of Protein present in 100 ml of breast milk is:
Ref: Vishnu Bhat's Protein Energy Malnutrition. 1st ed, PEEP EE, Page: 51Explanation:Nutritional values of various milkMilk sourceQuantityEnergy (Kcal)Protein (g)Cow100 ml673.3Buffalo100 ml1174.3Goat100 ml723.7Human100 ml651.1
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A previously healthy eight year old boy presented to the emergency depament with high grade fever, ahralgia, pruiritic erythematous rash and lymphadenopathy. He has completed 8 days out of a 10 day course of cefaclor for an upper respiratory tract infection. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Boy in the questions who developed the fever,rash,lymphadenopathy, after taking cefaclor for UI is suffering from drug induced serum sickness. Ref: Essentials of emergency medicine By Richard Aghababian page307; What to do About Allergies By Harvard Health Publications page 8.
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Most common cause of pleural effusion in HIV patients -
Pleural effusions are seen in 70% of cases of pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma , a fact that is often helpful in the differential diagnosis. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), also referred to as body cavity lymphoma, presents with lymphomatous pleural, pericardial, and/ or peritoneal effusions in the absence of discrete nodal o...
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Which of the following is not a feature of hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism characterized by open and widened fontanelle results in large head and mental retardation
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Calculi are most commonly seen in which salivary gland
Eighty per cent of all salivary stones occur in the submandibular glands. Eighty per cent of submandibular stones are radio-opaque . Calculi are more common in submandibular gland because the gland secretion is viscous, contains more calcium and also its drainage(Whaon's duct) is nondependent, causing stasis. Secretion...
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Treatment of choice for ovarian cyst in a postpaum patient is which of the following surgical procedures?
Ovarian cyst diagnosed in a patient in the post paum period should be treated by removing the cyst as early as possible in the puerperium. Ref: D.C.Dutta's Text book of Obstretics 6th edition page 310.
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Chronic Hepatitis is most common in infection with:
Hepatitis-B
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A patient of schizophrenia treated for 5 years developed perioral movements. Likely diagnosis is:
Ans. A. Tardive dyskinesiaTardive dyskinesia is the abnormal movement of tongue, lips or buccal cavity after long time intake of antipsychotic drug intake. It develops after minimum of six months of antipsychotic intake.
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A 50-year-old male patient presented to the ER with weakness of both upper and lower limb on the right side along with sensory loss in similar distribution. O/E Homonymous hemianopia. Hearing loss MRI head AXIAL FLAIR AXIAL DWI Which of the following aery is most likely involved in the above case?
OPTION A IS ANTERIOR CEREBRAL AERY OPTION B IS ANTERIOR CHOROIDAL AERY OPTION C IS POSTERIOR CEREBRAL AERY OPTION D IS POSTERIOR COMMUNICATING BRANCH EXPLANATION: - This is a case of anterior choroidal aery syndrome. 1. Localization: -Dense hemiparesis with equal weakness of upper and lower limb = lesion of internal ca...
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Carbon monoxide poisoning is characterized by all except -
Cyanosis is not a feature of CO poisoning.
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What is the average number of mites found on the body in a person suffering from regular scabies?
The difference between Norwegian scabies and regular scabies is the number of mites found on the infected individual. Regular scabies usually causes a person to host about 10 to 15 (range 3-50) mites at a time; a patient who has Norwegian scabies has thousands to millions.
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Amniotic constriction bands lead to which of the fetal anomaly -
Ans. is 'd ' i.e., All the above Amniotic band syndrome (Constriction band syndrome):o Amniotic band constriction (also known as "amniotic band syndrome", "ADAM complex", "Amniotic band sequence", "Congenital constriction bands" and "Pseudoainhum") is a congenital disorder caused by entrapment of fetal parts (usually a...
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Among drugs of HAA, which of the following drugs has maximum tendency of peripheral neuropathy?
Stavudine has maximum, while lamivudine has minimum peripheral neuropathyRef: Goodman Gillman 12thed pg: 1635
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Cabbage odour urine is found in
Tyrosinemia type 1 is due to a defect of hydrolase enzyme, in this disorder there occurs cabbage odor urine.
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All of the following skin lesions are associated with Diabetes mellitus except
Pyogenic granuloma is associated with IBD. (Ulcerative colitis > Crohn's disease).
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Chronic recurrent synovitis with history of pustules in multiple sites diagnostic of ?
Ref. Textbook of Orthopedics, Ebnezar. Page. 688   SAPHO Syndrome SAPHO syndrome is a chronic disorder that involves the skin, bone, and joints. SAPHO is an acronym for the combination of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis. Genetic predisposition is suggested by the higher prevalence of HLA-B27 Th...
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Not a B-cell marker -
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4 (TNFRSF4), also known as CD134 and OX40, is a member of the TNFR-superfamily of receptors which is not constitutively expressed on resting naive T cells, unlike CD28. OX40 is a secondary co-stimulatory immune checkpoint molecule, expressed after 24 to 72 hours follow...
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Myrmecia was are-
B i.e. Plantar wa
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Which of the following is an example of uncoupler -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above o As the name suggests, these componds block the coupeling of oxidation with phosphorylation. These compounds allow the transfer of reducing equivalents in respiratory chain but prevent the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP by uncoupling the linkage between ETC and phosphorylation. Thus t...
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Valve usually not involved in rheumatic fever
The mitral valve alone is involved in 70% of cases, with combined mitral and aoic disease in another 25%; the tricuspid valve usually is less frequently (and less severely) involved; and the pulmonic valve almost always escapes injury. (Robbins basic pathology,9th edition,pg no.391)
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Kidney produces
In adults, about 85% of the erythropoietin comes from the kidneys and 15% from the liver.In most mammals, the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin. Aldosterone is synthesized by adrenal coex.Circulating angiotensinogen is found in the a2-globulin fraction of the...
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Reactionary hemorrhage occur within: March 2010
Ans. A: 24 hoursAccording to the "time of appearence" hemorrhage can be classified in to:Primary hemorrhage - Is one which occur at the time of injury or operation.Reactionary hemorrhage - In majority of cases reactionary occur within 4 to 6 hours. Such bleeding may also occur due to:- Restlessness- Coughing- Vomiting ...
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All of the following are uses of mifepristone except?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Post paum hemorrhage o Mifepristone is used in medical termination of pregnancy (most impoant use), postcoital (emergency) contraception, Cushing syndrome, meningioma, breast cancer, fibroids and endometriosis.
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Primordial prevention in myocardial infarction are all except
PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION for CHD (Myocardial infarction) A novel approach to primary prevention of CHD is primordial prevention. It involves preventing the emergence and spread of CHD risk factors and life-styles that have not yet appeared or become endemic. This applies to developing countries in paicular. These countrie...
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All are part of glomerular filtration barrier except
Ans:a (Mesangial cells) Ref: Robins 7th ed/p.957, 958Glomerular filtration barrier consists of the following structures1) Fenestrated endothelial cells2) Glomerular basement membrane (consists of type IV collagen)3) Visceral epithelial cells (podocytes)Mesangial cells are stellate cells located between the basement mem...
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Calculate the prevalence if incidence is 2 cases per 1000 population oer year and mean duration is 4 years -
the relationship between incidence and prevalence can be calculated as,prevalence =incidence*mean duration ,here in this case it equals 2*4 that is 8 cases per 1000 population. ref:park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,22nd edition,pg no 58
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Mitha bish is: MAHE 12
Ans. Aconite
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Monoamine neurotransmitter in brains is
There are three main classes of chemical substances that serve as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators: small molecule transmitters large-molecule transmitters gas transmitters. Small molecule transmitters include amino acids (eg, glutamate, g-aminobutyric acid , and glycine, acetylcholine, monoamines (eg, norepinephr...
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The joint between the atlas and axis is:
First cervical vertebra is known as Atlas. Second cervical vertebra is known as Axis. Special joint between Atlas, Axis and Occipital bone: Atlanto-Occipital joint: It is a synovial joint - ellipsoid type. Allows flexion and extension of head on neck (as like nodding up and down). Atlanto-Axial joint: It is a pivo...
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Which radionuclide is best suited for measurement of GFR?
Ans. DTPA
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Which is not a major criteria of jones in Rheumatic fever ?
Major criteria of Jones in RHD are card it is,ahritis, chorea,subcutaneous nodules ,erythema marginatum. Ref : Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition p.no:435
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Occlusion of Aery of Adamkiewicz leads to infarction of which of the following structure?
Also called as Aeria radicularis Magna: supplies the anterior spinal aery, can arise from Subcostal, Posterior intercostal or lumbar aeries. Occlusion commonly occurs during surgery for thoracoabdominal aneurysms which leads to spinal cord infarction and paraplegia. ref - pubmed.com
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Not a pa of Kubler Ross stages of impending death is:
Aggression
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Cardiac output increase in exercise by
Ans: a (Increase in HR) Ref: Ganong 22nd ed/ p.632, 633In muscular exercise there is increase in sympathetic activity resulting in increased cardiac contractility and heart rate. Rise in heart rate is the major event that occur in normal individuals compared to increase in contractility, remember Cardiac output = HR X ...
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von Willebrand factor is produced by -
Von willebrand factor is produced endothelial cells.It is produced to a lesser degree by megakaryocytes. But mainly by endothelial cells Ref:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease.South Asia Edition volume 1. Page no.662
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The X-ray below shows a patient with scoliosis. What is the angle to measure the severity of curve called as?
Ans. C. Cobb's angleCobb's angle is formed by a line drawn along the superior margin of the topmost vertebra and another line drawn along the lower margin of the bottom vertebra. Greater the angle, greater is the severity of the scoliotic curve.
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In a group of 100 children, the mean weight of a child is 15 kg. The SD is 1.5 kg. Which one of the following is TRUE
Ans. is 'a' 95% of children weigh between 12 kg & 18 kg Mean = 15 kgSD= 1.5 kgAs we know that area between 1 standard deviation on either side of a mean will include approximately 68% of the value in distribution. So 68% of children will weigh between 13.5 & 16.5 kg. (15 +- 1.5)Area between two standard deviation on ei...
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Anesthetic which increases intracranial tension
Ref: Ajay Yadav, Short Textbook of Pediatrics 1st edition PG: 76 A Miller Textbook of Anaesthesia. 6th editionExplanation:KetamineCauses Dissociative anesthesiaPhencyclidine derivativeNMDA receptor agonistAnesthetic PropertiesOnset of Action: 30- 60 secondsEarly regain of consciousness after 15- 20 min due to Redistrib...
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