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Which one of the following sensation appears first on recovery for local anesthesia? | Answer: c) ProprioceptionProprioception is the first sensation to recover from anesthesia.It is followed by muscle tone, pain, touch, and temperature.The order of sensitivity is of nerve fibers to anesthetic is:Type B and C > type A d > type Ab and Ag > type AaThinner and myelinated fibers have greater firing range and... | 21,200 | medmcqa_train |
About Brown-Sequard syndrome all are true except? | Ans. (c) Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.172)Brown-sequard syndromeCause: Trauma such as bullet or a stab wound leading to hemi section of spinal cordPatient usually presents with,#Ipsilateral loss of joint position and vibratory sense (posterior column)#Contralateral loss of pain and te... | 21,201 | medmcqa_train |
Ramsay hunt syndrome is caused by- | Ans. is ',b' i.e., Varicella zoster? Ramsay Hunt Syndromeo It is lower motor neuron type of facial palsy due to Varicella (herpes) zoster. Pain is often a prominent feature and vesicles are seen in the ipsilateral ear, on the hard palate and/or on anterior two third of the tongue. It may involve other cranial nerves-V,... | 21,202 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are features of cost accounting except: September 2010 | Ans. C: Benefits are expressed in terms of money Cost accounting establishes budget and actual cost of operations, processes, depaments or product and the analysis of variances, profitability or social use of funds. Managers use cost accounting to suppo decision-making to cut a company's costs and improve profitability... | 21,203 | medmcqa_train |
A patient of partial gastrectomy presents with neurological symptoms. Most probable diagnosis is: | Ans. (c) Vitmain B12 deficiencyRef: Shackelford 7th Edition, Pages 759-760* B12 deficiency manifests as megaloblastic anemia* B12 deficiency happens after subtotal gastrectomy due to lack of IF secretion* Oral supplementation is not useful* Inj. B12 must be given every 3 monthly. | 21,204 | medmcqa_train |
Pleural reflection on left midaxillary line is in intercostal space: | 10 | 21,205 | medmcqa_train |
Renal angle is formed by 12th rib and- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Vertebral column and erector spinae * The costovertebral angle/renal angle is the acute angle formed on either side of the human back between the twelfth rib and the vertebral column or erector spinae* The kidney lies directly below this area and tenderness may be palpated here. | 21,206 | medmcqa_train |
On esophageal manometry, abnormal spastic contractions in esophagus > 450 mmHgs cm in the body is suggestive of: | ACHALASIA CARDIA Characterized by absence of LES relaxation Clinical features - MC symptom - Dysphagia > weight loss | (Liquid > Solid) - Triad Dysphagia Regurgitation Weight loss IOC - Manometry On Barium Swallow * Bird beak appearance * Pencil tip appearance * Rat tail appearance TypeI: classic achalasia,incomplete L... | 21,207 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is NOT a frontline antihypertensive agent? | Ans. (D) Atenolol(Ref: CMDT-2014/429)*Beta blockers are no longer considered to be the first line antihypertensive agents. According to JNC-8, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and diuretics are first line agents. | 21,208 | medmcqa_train |
Child with PDA will not have aEUR' | CO. washout During intrauterine life the fetus does not breathe. The .fetus does not require .functioning lung to oxygenate its blood. The fetus receives oxygenated blood from the mother through the umbilical vein. The lungs remains collapsed during the fetal life and the pulmonary circulation is a high pressure circui... | 21,209 | medmcqa_train |
Activation of which gene leads to bladder carcinoma | Answer- A. p53Genes associated with bladder cancer are - p53 (mc), RBl, HRAS, FGFR3, TSC1. | 21,210 | medmcqa_train |
TRUE about 'Capacitation' of sperm: | Both capacitation and the acrosome reaction can be induced in vitro. So in IVF, following semen collection and sperm processing sperm are incubated in media for 3 to 4 hours to promote sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. The process of capacitation involves removal of inhibitory mediators such as cholesterol ... | 21,211 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about chaperones except ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Are lipid in nature Chaperones are proteins (not lipid). Chaperones Ceain proteins play a role in the assembly or proper folding of other proteins without themselves being components of the latter. Such proteins are called molecular chaperones. Most chaperones exhibit ATPase activity and bind ADP and ... | 21,212 | medmcqa_train |
In myocardium reperfusion injury is due to? | Ans. (a) Ca(Ref: Gross GJ, Kersten JR, Warltier DC. Mechanisms of postischemic contractile dysfunction. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999; 68:1898-1904.)Mediators of reperfusion injury are: Oxygen Free Radicals, Endothelial Dysfunction and Microvascular Injury, Alterations in Calcium Handling | 21,213 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drugs acts on "motilin" receptors- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Erythromycin o Erythromycin stimulates motilin receptors in the GIT-thereby, induces gastric contractions, hastens gastric emptying and promotes intestinal motility. | 21,214 | medmcqa_train |
2-year-old child is seen for a well-child visit in a pediatric clinic. Abdominal examination demonstrates a palpable, non-tender mass on the left side of the abdomen. The mother had no idea where the mass was present and the pediatrician did not note the presence of the mass at the child's 18-month well-child visit. Ph... | Inactivation of the WT-1 Wilms tumor gene (located at 11p13, and thought to encode a DNA-binding protein impoant in fetal kidney development) has been repoed in the tumor cells from many Wilms tumor cases. Also, the WAGR syndrome involves a deletion of chromosome 11p13 and the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome involves a rea... | 21,215 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is a live vaccine- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sabin * Varicella vaccine is live attenuated vaccine and is recommended for children between 12-18 months of age.Live 'attenuated' vaccinesKilled 'inactivated' vaccinesBCGPertussisOPV (Sabin - Oral polio vaccine)IPV (Salk - Inactivated polio vaccine)Measles vaccineRabies vaccineMumps vaccineCholera va... | 21,216 | medmcqa_train |
Major source of collagen in cirrhosis? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ito cell (hepatic stellate cell)Perisinusoidal stellate cells (Ito cells) play a role in the storage and metabolism of vitamin A and are transformed into collagen producing myofibroblasts when there is inflamation of the liver.These cells are the major source of collegen in cirrhosis. | 21,217 | medmcqa_train |
The first lipoprotein to increase in concentration in the blood after ingestion of 400 g of jellybeans (carbohydrate) is | VLDL is synthesized in the liver, particularly after a high carbohydrate meal. It is formed from triacylglycerols that are packaged with cholesterol, apolipoproteins (particularly, apoB-100), and phospholipids, and it is released into the blood, where it acquires apoC-II and apo E.VLDL is synthesized by the liver from ... | 21,218 | medmcqa_train |
Monteggia fracture is a: | Fractures between the proximal third of the ulna and the base of olecranon combined with dislocation of the proximal radio-ulnar joint. Direction of dislocation of radial head is used for classification. Bado's classification is used to classify monteggia fracture | 21,219 | medmcqa_train |
Cremaster muscle is supplied by: | Ans. D. Genital Branch of Genitofemoral NerveThe cremaster muscle is a thin layer of striated and smooth muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord. The cremaster muscle is a paired structure, there being one on ... | 21,220 | medmcqa_train |
Long term use of nitrates lead to decreased effect because of - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., SH groups in the enzyme o Tolerance develops to hemodynamic and antiischaemic effects of nitrates if they are continuously present in the body. No significant tolerance develops when nitrates are used intermittently. However; significant tolerance develops when nitrates are used continuously. This mec... | 21,221 | medmcqa_train |
Cause of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of aboveAvery -textbook of neonatology (P.1536/ed 6th)o 75% of daily billirubin production in Neonats came from normal destruction of circulating RBC.o 25% comes from other factor like.Ineffective erythropoiesisDestruction of immature RBCo Immature UDPGT activity in foetal liver especially preterm... | 21,222 | medmcqa_train |
The epiphysis at the tip of coracoid process is: | Atavistic | 21,223 | medmcqa_train |
Which layer of epidermis is underdeveloped in the VLBW infants in the initial 7 days? | Ans. is 'd' ie., stratum corneum "Stratum corneum is permeable in preterm infants and becomes similar to the adults and in infants after two to three weeks of post natal maturation" - page 109, Physical diagnosis in neonatology: | 21,224 | medmcqa_train |
The best indicator of cystic fibrosis is | A positive sweat test (i.e., a sweat chloride level greater than 60 mEq/L) is diagnostic of cystic fibrosis. | 21,225 | medmcqa_train |
Ethylene glycol when ingested affects kidney by forming - | Mode of ActionEthylene glycol is not absorbed through skin, and because of its low vapour pressure does not produce toxicity upon inhalation. It is however rapidly absorbed through the GI tract and is metabolised (more than 80%) to glycoaldehyde, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid which inhibit diverse metabolic pathways i... | 21,226 | medmcqa_train |
Sty loid process is derived from - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 2nd arch o Styloid process is derived from 2nd pharyngeal arch.Pharyngeal ArchMuscular ContributionSkeletal ContributionsNerveArteryCorresponding Pouch Structures1st (mandibular arch)Muscles of mastication. Anterior belly of the digastric, Mylohyoid, Tensor tympani. Tensor veli palatiniMaxilla, mandib... | 21,227 | medmcqa_train |
Recurrence of gestational trophoblastic tumor can be associated with all except | Ans. is c i.e. Plateau of hCG (most probably) The examiner here is asking about recurrence of gestational trophoblastic tumor & not about occurrence of gestational trophoblastic tumor post evacuation of H. mole. In most of the books the criteria for diagosis of postmolar gestational trophoblastic tumor is given - Crite... | 21,228 | medmcqa_train |
Postprandial hyperglycemia may be controlled by | (Refer: Rang and Dale's Clinical Pharmacology, 7th edition, pg no: 380-383) | 21,229 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following neuromuscular blocker is most cardiostable- | Benzylisoquinoline group causes histamine release so associated with hypotension and tachycardia. Aminosteroid group - no histamine release in aminosteroid group only pancuronium causes vagal blockade - Hypeension and Tachycardia. | 21,230 | medmcqa_train |
Commonest virus causing diarrhea in infants is: September 2006 | Ans. C: Rotavirus In India, rotavirus and enterotoxigenic E. coli account for nearly half the total diarrheal episodes among children. Cholera accounts for 5-10% cases. | 21,231 | medmcqa_train |
A floppy infant was brought after being given honey by pacifier. Vitals were WNL. Hand holding and tone in extremities were absent. Probable diagnosis: | Ans. D. Clostridium botulinum food poisoningClostridium botulinum food poisoning occurs from infected honey used in pacifiers, leading to flaccid paralysis (absent tone in muscles) | 21,232 | medmcqa_train |
Pappenheimer bodies are | Pappenheimer bodies are Iron deposits in siderocytes. (RBCs).
It is seen in sideroblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, sickle cell disease. | 21,233 | medmcqa_train |
Criteria for Brainstem death includes: | Brainstem death is defined by the absence of all brainstem mediated cranial nerve reflexes. Pupillary Light Reflex is a brainstem mediated cranial nerve reflex that is absent in brainstem death. The pupils are usually midsized but may be dilated (should not however be small). Occulo-cephalic (Doll&;s eye) reflex and Ve... | 21,234 | medmcqa_train |
Stem cells are taken from all except- | Reference :Robbins basic pathology 9th edition pg no 74: stem cells are rare and very dif cult to isolate to purity. Fuhermore, they occur in specialized microenvi- ronments within the organ called stem cell niches. Appar- ently, signals from other cells in such niches keep the stem cells quiescent and undifferentiated... | 21,235 | medmcqa_train |
Enlarged corneal nerves may be seen in all of the following except | Ans. (b) Herpes simplex keratitisRef: Causes of Enlarged Corneal Nerves International Ophthalmology Clinics 4 (1): 12 - 23; Winter 2001 (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) by kim, Stella K. M.D.: Dohlman, Claes H. M.D., Ph. D | 21,236 | medmcqa_train |
5 Year old child predominantly on maize based diet presents with recurrent diarrhea, dermatitis with Rashes in neck area. What is the most probable diagnosis | Maize based diet predisposes to Niacin deficiency which leads to Pellagra
Pellagra: -
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia. | 21,237 | medmcqa_train |
True about standard distribution - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Total area of curve =1 Standard normal curveo It is also known as bell curve or Gaussian distribution.o The shape of the curve is like a bell - bell shaped curve.o The data are distributed symmetrically on either side of a central value.o Normal distribution curve looks symmetrical in the dispersion w... | 21,238 | medmcqa_train |
Baby is not at risk for hypoglycemia | newborns are at risk for hypoglycemia : Babies born to mothers with diabetes. Babies who are small for gestational age or growth-restricted. Preterm babies, especially those with low bih weights. Babies born under significant stress. Babies with mothers treated with ceain medicines such as terbutaline. Reference: GHAI ... | 21,239 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic or tuberous sclerosis | Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant condition. The classic traid of clinical features comprises learning disability, epilepsy and skin lesions. Skin lesions include ash leaf macules, adenoma sebaceum, periungual and subungual fibromas and shagreen patches. Reference Harrison20th edition pg 2456 | 21,240 | medmcqa_train |
Cyclodevelopmental life cycle is a type of transmission of ahropod-borne diseases. It is seen in: | Cyclodevelopmental life cycle: The disease agent undergoes cyclical changes but does not multiply in the body of the ahropod, e.g. filarial parasite in culex mosquito and guinea worm embryo in cyclops. Plague bacilli in rat fleas is an example for propagative transmission. Malaria parasite in anopheline mosquito is a t... | 21,241 | medmcqa_train |
This type of endometrial hyperplasia leads to increased risk of endometrial cancer: | Ans. (c) AtypicalRef. Shaw's Gynaecology 15th ed, /: 724ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIAThis occurs in:# Anovulatory cycles with unopposed oestrogen acting on the endometrium# Metropathia haemorrhagica# Obese women# Polycystic ovarian disease# a woman on tamoxifen# feminizing ovarian tumours* Hyperplasia may be simple hyperplas... | 21,242 | medmcqa_train |
A two-year-old boy is brought to emergency with severe anemia (Hb = 2 gm%) and features of congestive hea failure. The most appropriate immediate therapy for this boy would be- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Packed cell transfusion | 21,243 | medmcqa_train |
Risk factor for Squamous cell tumor of urinary bladder | Schistosomiasis and chronic cystitis are risk factors for SCC Bladder. | 21,244 | medmcqa_train |
University of Wisconsin solution is used in: | The most commonly used fluid worldwide is the University of Wisconsin solution. It contains lactobionate, raffinose, and hydroxyethyl starch. Lactobionate is impermeable and prevents intracellular swelling; it also lowers the concentration of intracellular calcineurin and free iron, which may be beneficial in reducing ... | 21,245 | medmcqa_train |
A 34-year-old woman presents with increasing abdominal girth of 3 months in duration. Physical examination reveals a left ovarian mass and mild ascites. The ovarian mass is removed, and the pathology report states "yolk sac carcinoma." Which of the following provides the best serologic marker to monitor the course of d... | Yolk sac tumor is a highly malignant tumor of women under the age of 30 years that histologically resembles mesenchyme of the primitive yolk sac. The tumor secretes alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which can be demonstrated histochemically within eosinophilic droplets. Detection of AFP in the blood is useful both for diagnosis... | 21,246 | medmcqa_train |
Abrasion collar is seen in: September 2006 | Ans. B: Bullet injury Abraded margin (Abrasion collar, Marginal abrasion, Contusion ring, Abrasion ring) occurs due to Forward motion of bullet indenting the skin and abrading the margin of entry wound. Grease or di collar is a black coloured ring lining the entry point of bullet and is sharply outlined | 21,247 | medmcqa_train |
Prolonged blockade of Eustachian tube leads to - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Effects of acute and prolonged tubal blockageAcute tubal blockage|Absorption of ME gases|Negative pressure in ME|Retraction of TM|Transudate in ME/haemorrhage (acute OME)Prolonged tubal blockage/dysfunction|OME (thin watery or mucoid discharge)|Atelectatic ear/ perforation|Retraction ... | 21,248 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drugs has covalent interaction with its target ? | Covalent interaction means irreversible inhibition of the enzyme. Aspirin irreversibly acetylates the cox enzyme. | 21,249 | medmcqa_train |
ECG of a patient with snake bite is shown below. What is the abnormality seen- | Ans- A. | 21,250 | medmcqa_train |
Stages seen in peripheral smear of falciparuma) Schizontsb) Gametocytesc) Accoled) Ring forme) Trophozite | Mature, compact trophozoites in a thin blood smear. Compact trophozoites in a thinblood smear.
P. falciparum schizonts are seldom seen in peripheral blood. Mature schizonts have 8 to 24 small merozoites;
dark pigment, clumped in one mass | 21,251 | medmcqa_train |
Type 1 5α - reductase enzyme is found in all except | Type 2 5 alpha reductase enzyme is expressed in male genitalia. | 21,252 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about bronchopulmonary segment except - | Each branchopulmonary segment is drained by intersegment pas of pulmonary vein that lie in intersegmental space and drain adjacent segments.Thus each segment does not have its independent segmetal vein and each segment drains into more than one vein. Each vein drains more than one segment.Features of bronchopulmonary s... | 21,253 | medmcqa_train |
A 19-year-old college student develops a severe sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, and atypical lymphocytes on blood film. A heterophil antibody test is positive. For the above patient with a hematologic abnormality, select the most likely diagnosis | Heterophil antibodies react against sheep red cells and are not absorbed out by the guinea pig kidney. They are positive in patients with infectious mononucleosis. In 90% of cases, liver enzymes are elevated. Examination of the blood film reveals a lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes. | 21,254 | medmcqa_train |
which of the following is the course of donovanosis | Donovanssis or granuloma inguinale is a STD caused by Klebsiella granulomatis ref : ananthanaryana | 21,255 | medmcqa_train |
Klumpke's paralysis involves - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cg T, KIAMPKE'S PARALYSISo Site of injury : Lower trunk of the brachial plexuso Cause of injury : Undue abduction of the arm, as in clutching something with the hands after a fall from a height, or sometimes in birth injury.o Nerve roots involved : - Mainly T1 and partly C8.o Muscles paralysedi) Intri... | 21,256 | medmcqa_train |
Fetal scalp blood pH of less than..........is abnormat : | 7.2 | 21,257 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a surgical method for tubal ligation ? | Various methods are Pomeroy method, Parkland procedure, madlener procedure, Irwing, Uchida, Aldridge, Shirodkar etc. THE TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY SHEILA BALAKRISHNAN SECOND EDITION PAGE NO 388 | 21,258 | medmcqa_train |
A patient suffers a severe haemorrhage resulting in a lowered mean aerial pressure. Which of the following would be elevated above normal levels | The hea rate would be elevated by the increased sympathetic activity and decreased parasympathetic activity caused by the baroreceptor reflex. | 21,259 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following virus is shed in stool - | Herpangina is caused by the coxsackievirus, it shed in feces. Virus isolated from the lesion, stool may be made by inoculation into suckling mouse REF<\p> MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE..492 | 21,260 | medmcqa_train |
Positive hepatojugular reflux is found in all of the following conditions except- | Abdomino jugular reflex is mainly seen in impending right ventricular failure. JVP remains raised >3cm for >15sec HEPATOJUGULAR REFLUX --Raising the legs or abdominal compression increases venous return and pressure and facilitates analysis of the jugular venous pulse. --The hepatojugular or abdominojugular reflux is a... | 21,261 | medmcqa_train |
Chondritis of aural cailage is most commonly due to which of the following? | Perichondritis results from infection secondary to lacerations, haematoma or surgical incisions. It can also result from the extension of infection from diffuse otitis externa or a furuncle of the meatus. Pseudomonas and mixed flora are common pathogens. (Ref: Textbook of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th edition, pg no. 53) | 21,262 | medmcqa_train |
Rickets in infancy is characterised by the following except : | Bow legs Mel: Ghai Paediatrics 6/e, p 128. Nelson 17/e,p 183; Apley's 8/e, p 119] Ghai states - "Long bones of legs get deformed when the child stas bearing weight. Therefore deformities of legs are unusual before the age of 1 year. Anterior bowing of legs, knock knee and coxa vera are the usual deformities." Clinical ... | 21,263 | medmcqa_train |
A 40-year-old woman presents with a long history of vague upper abdominal pain and frequent indigestion with abdominal tenderness. Serum bilirubin is elevated (4.2 mg/dL). There is a mild increase in serum AST and ALT (62 and 57 U/L, respectively) and a moderate increase in alkaline phosphatase (325 U/L). Markers for v... | Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder Arises from the mucosal surface epithelium - Obstructive jaundice (as in this case) by involvement of the extrahepatic biliary tree. The other choices are not associated with a history of chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis and infrequently cause obstructive jaundice. | 21,264 | medmcqa_train |
Equilibrium potential of calcium is | Applying the Nernst equation to external and internal calcium concentrations of 2.5 mM and 0.0001 mM, respectively, results in an equilibrium potential of +134 mV as shown below. (Ref: www.cvphysiology.com) | 21,265 | medmcqa_train |
While performing embalming, difficulty encountered due to aerial system problem. How should the embalming fluid be introduced to overcome this problem? | In jaundice embalming, the use of formaldehyde as the primary preservative initiates a chain of events that causes the unwanted yellow-green color reaction to occur in most cases. In embalming of jaundice cases, the formaldehyde based solutions convers the bilirubin in the body into biliverdin and the colour changes in... | 21,266 | medmcqa_train |
True about obesity | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Smoking is a risk factor Cessation of smoking Weight gain is very common when people stop smoking. This is thought to be mediated at least in pa by nicotine withdrawal, which is associated with increased food intake and reduced energy expenditure. Weight gain of 1 to 2 kg in the first two weeks is oft... | 21,267 | medmcqa_train |
Charcot's joint is another name for joint affected by ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Neuropathy Another name given to joint affected by neuropathic ahropathy is charcot's joint. Neuropathic joint (Charcoat's joint) It is a progressive destructive ahritis associated with loss of pain sensation, proprioception or both, in addition normal muscular reflexes that modulate joint movements a... | 21,268 | medmcqa_train |
Calorific value of protein is | Combustometer is a wrong terminology given to confuse the aspirants.
A bomb calorimeter device is used to measure energy released by combustion of foodstuffs outside the body. It uses Direct Calorimetry to measure the calorific value.
Calorific value of various substances as measured in a bomb calorimeter are
Carbohydr... | 21,269 | medmcqa_train |
The reagent used in the Apt test? | Alkali denaturation test (Apt-Downey test / apt test)-Used to detect differentiate Fetal or neonatal blood from maternal blood (Qualitative).PrincipleMethodvFetal hemoglobin (alpha 2 gamma 2 subunits) is resistant to alkali (basic) denaturation, whereas adult hemoglobin (alpha2 beta 2 subunits) is susceptible to such d... | 21,270 | medmcqa_train |
Nephrotic syndrome is the hall mark of the following primary kidney diseases except | Ans. is 'b' i.e., IgA nephropathy Most common presentation of IgA nephropathy is grass hematuria. It is the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide Causes of Nephrotic syndrome Minimal change disease Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis o Membranous glomerulonephritis o Diabetes nephropathy AL and AA amyloidosis... | 21,271 | medmcqa_train |
Gilbert syndrome- True is: | Ans. is 'D' i.e., All of above Ref- o Bilirubin is the metabolic end product of heme. o Before excretion into bile, it is 1st glucuronidated by the enzyme bilirubin-uridine diphospho glucuronate glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT). o UDPGT activity is deficient or altered in three genetically and functionally distinct diso... | 21,272 | medmcqa_train |
In Huntington chorea the causative mutation in the protein huntingtin is a | Expansion of trinucleotide repeats is an important genetic cause of human disease, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. There are three key mechanisms by which unstable repeats cause diseases:
• Loss of function of the affected gene occurs in fragile X syndrome. In such cases the repeats are generally in noncoding... | 21,273 | medmcqa_train |
Hepatic encephalopathy is caused by an increase of ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., AmmoniaHepatic encephalopathy is characterized by altered level of consciousness, caused by liver disorder.Liver disorder is characterized by elevation of ammonia. As liver is considered with detoxification of ammonia to form urea, in liver failure ammonia level is elevated.Hepatic encephalopathy basi... | 21,274 | medmcqa_train |
Memory cells are best provided by? | Ans. is. 'a' i.e., Helper cells * T-cells constitutes 60%-70% of the circulating peripheral lymphocytes. Based on their surface markers, target cells and functions the following T cell category have been identified :-A) Helper T-cells (Inducer T-cells)# These cells constitute 60% of total T-cells. These have CD4 surfac... | 21,275 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following H2 blocker also have Anticholinesterase property | Niizatidine is a H2 blocker with additional anticholineterase activity. Therefore it enhances gastric emplying and also cause bradycardia. | 21,276 | medmcqa_train |
Purtscher's retinopathy is due to | It is a hemorrhagic vasculopathy associated with severe head trauma. | 21,277 | medmcqa_train |
Theophylline therapeutic blood ranges | (5-20) (221-KDT6th)* Therapeutic ranges 5-20 as shown in above figure* Theophylline has a narrow margin of safety. Dose dependent toxicity starts from upper part of therapeutic concentration | 21,278 | medmcqa_train |
True about chest X-ray is all except: | B i.e. Left dome is higher Right dome of diaphragm is higher than the leftQ. This is due to the hea depressing the left side & not to the liver pushing up the . hemidiaphragm. Left hilum is higher than rightQ. Pulmonary aeries & upper lobe veins mainly contribute to hilar shadows. All fissures are seen clearly on later... | 21,279 | medmcqa_train |
Most common presentation of Hirschsprung's disease | Clinical Presentation Neonates First few weeks of life Otherwise healthy children and adults Suspected in all neonates presenting with: Delayed passage of meconium beyond the first 24 hours of lifeQ Abdominal distension following feedsQ Suspected in any child presenting in first few weeks of life with: Gross abdominal ... | 21,280 | medmcqa_train |
The following skin lesion can be seen in all except? | Ans. B. Hypertensiona. The image shows xanthelasma involving both upper and lower eye lids on both sides.b. Xanthelasma palpebrarum is the most common type of xanthoma.c. Causes of Xanthelasma palpebrarum:i. Normo lipidemiaii. Type III hyperlipidemiaiii. Diabetes mellitusiv. Secondary biliary cirrhosis | 21,281 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following antibiotic is used in the treatment of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea? | METRONIDAZOLE: It is the prototype nitroimidazole introduced in 1959 for trichomoniasis and later found to be a highly active amoebicide. It has broad-spectrum cidal activity against protozoa, including Giardia Iamblia in addition to the above two. Many anaerobic bacteria, such as Bact. fragilis, Fusobacterium, Clostri... | 21,282 | medmcqa_train |
Killian's dehiscence is in | Inferior constrictor muscle has two parts.
Thyropharyngeus with oblique fibres and cricopharyngeus with transverse fibres.
Between these two parts exists a potential gap called "Killian's dehiscence". It is also called "Gateway of tears".
This is also the site of herniation of pharyngeal mucosa in case of the pharyng... | 21,283 | medmcqa_train |
Direction of Nasolacrimal duct is: | Nasolacrimal duct is q membranous passage which begins at the lower end of the lacrimal sac. It runs downward,backward and laterally and opens in the inferior meatus of the nose. A fold of mucous membrane called the valve of Hasner forms an imperfect value at the lower end of the duct. Ref: Dhingra 6/e,135. | 21,284 | medmcqa_train |
True in myopes: | A i.e. Use diverging lens; B i.e. Image formed infront of retina; C i.e. Far point becomes near Myopia or 'Sho sight' is a refractive error that most commonly presents as indistinct distant vision in which the light rays are focussed in front of the retina. As the maximum distance of clear vision is reduced the far poi... | 21,285 | medmcqa_train |
Stability of venom is dependent on : | B i.e. Disulfide bond | 21,286 | medmcqa_train |
Enzyme replacement therapy is available for - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gauchers disease o Enzyme replacement therapy refers to the replacement of missing enzyme, artificiallyo Gaucher's disease was the first one in which successful enzyme replacement therapy was tried,o Enzyme replacement therapy is currently available for some lysosomal storage diseases:-i) Gaucher's di... | 21,287 | medmcqa_train |
Triangle of doom is bounded by A/E | C i.e. Cooper's ligament | 21,288 | medmcqa_train |
Increase in intracranial pressure is NOT associated with | Raised intracranial pressure initiates Cushing’s reflex. Cushing’s reflex leads to a rise in arterial pressure, which restores the blood supply to the brain. At the same time, the raised BP causes reflex Bradycardia through the baroreceptors. | 21,289 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax -a) M' Fadyean reaction shows capsule b) Humans are usually resistant to infectionc) Less than 100 spores can cause pulmonary infectiond) Gram stain shows organism with bulging sporese) Sputum microscopy helps in diagnosis | Option b: Greenwood 16/e p226 says ‘Humans are relatively resistant to infection with B anthracis’
Option c: Harrison 17/e p1344 and 18/e p1769 says ‘While an LD50 of 10,000 spores is a generally accepted number for anthrax it has also been suggested that as few as one to three spores may be adequate to cause disease i... | 21,290 | medmcqa_train |
Microcalcifications in mammography measure less than? | Ans BThe term microcalcification refers to calcifications of whom diameter is inferior to 1 mm, knowing that current spatial resolution mammographs make small objects to be detected without magnification for a size ranged between 100 and 200 umCalcifications with a higher probability of malignancy are fine pleomorphic,... | 21,291 | medmcqa_train |
GERD is defined as pH of oesophagus< ____ and for > _______% of total day time. | pH of esophagus< 4 for > 5% of total day time is defined as GERD There is Demeester score for the severity of GERD GERD can be due to * Hiatus Hernia * Incompetent LES (Coffee, tea, stress) GERD causes - Chemical laryngitis, chemical tracheitis - Nocturnal cough* -Asthma -Dental erosions | 21,292 | medmcqa_train |
BMI of an overweight female is : | BMI Expressed as weight(kg) / height(m^2) Ideal BMI between 20 and 24 BMI > 25 is overweight BMI > 30 is obese BMI > 40 morbidly obese Ref: D.C.DUTTA'S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY; 6TH EDITION; PG NO:549 | 21,293 | medmcqa_train |
A 65-year-old man with mild hea failure is treated with a loop diuretic. A few days later the man complains of muscle weakness. Laboratory results are shown below. Aerial PCO2: 48 mm Hg Aerial pH: 7.49 Plasma HCO3-: 35 mEq/L Which of the following is most likely decreased in this man? | The lab repos indicate that the man has developed metabolic alkalosis (increased PCO2, pH, and HCO3-), which occurs commonly with overuse of diuretics (thiazides and loop diuretics). The overuse of a loop diuretic increases the excretion of sodium and potassium by the kidneys. The increase in potassium excretion leads ... | 21,294 | medmcqa_train |
BMI cut off for obesity is - | Ref-Park&;s textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 24th edition. . | 21,295 | medmcqa_train |
Complications of total thyroidectomy include all except | Rates of post-procedure hypocalcemia are approximately 5%, and it resolves in 80% of cases in approximately 12 months Other complications include haemorrhage , damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve. Respiratory obstruction due to laryngeal oedema or very rarely due to collapse or kinking of t... | 21,296 | medmcqa_train |
"CARE " stands for | CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere) provides emergency aid and long-term development assistance.CARE-India focused its food suppo in the ICDS programme and in development programmes in the areas of health and income supplementation.Park 23e pg: 924 | 21,297 | medmcqa_train |
A guy driving a car fast suddenly slams on the brakes. He was wearing a seat belt. The most likely organ affected is: | Ans. (c) MesenteryRef: Bailey & Love 26th edJ982* Seat belt syndrome is characterized by tear of mesentery on sudden deceleration while the patient is using a seat belt.* In the absence of seat belt being worn by the car passenger, the chest of the victim would slam into the steering wheel resulting in hemo-pericardium... | 21,298 | medmcqa_train |
The active ingredient of X-ray film is - | An X ray film consists of polyster base ,emulsion,and crystals of Silver Halide.The silver bromide crystals are spread over emulsion that is applied on a polyester base. | 21,299 | medmcqa_train |
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