query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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In ACLS which drug can be given following ventricular fibrillation after cardiac arrest in place of Epinephrine? | (C) High dose vasopressinCPR Quality:-Push hard (>2:2") & fast (>=2:100/min) & allow complete chest recoil.-Minimize interruptions in compressions-Avoid excessive ventilation-Rotate compressor every 2 minutes-If no advanced airway, 30:2 compression-ventilation ratio-Quantitative waveform capnography-If PETCO2<10mmHg, a... | 21,700 | medmcqa_train |
Medical treatment for gall bladder stone is amenable for : | Answer is A (Size of stone less than 15mm) Medical therapy for gall bladder stone is amenable for stones < 15 mm (preferably Prerequisites for medical therapy : Gall bladder should he functioning Stones should be radiolucent Size should be small preferably < 15 mm Q -Harrison 14'h (<10n/in-Harrison 16th) Stones should ... | 21,701 | medmcqa_train |
Most common age group affected by streptococcus pyogenes | Sore throat(tonsilitis) is the most common manifestation of streptococcal infection and affects 5-15 years age group. | 21,702 | medmcqa_train |
Meckel&;s cave is related to | The trigeminal ganglion lies on the trigeminal impression,on the anterior surface of the petrous temporal bone near its apex.It occupies a special space of duramater,called the trigeminal or Meckel's cave. REF.BDC VOL.3,Fifth edition. | 21,703 | medmcqa_train |
Interstitial nephritis is seen in all except. | Ans. (B) Beta lactams style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">(Ref: )Drugs causing interstitial nephritis areAntibiotics: Cephalosporins, penicillins, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol, isoniazid, macrolides, rifampicin,Sulfonamides, tetracyclines and vancomycin.All NSAIDs.Diuretics: T... | 21,704 | medmcqa_train |
GCS of an intubated patient with Abnormal flexion attitude, and eye opening only to pain is | Ans. (c) E2 VNTM3 Ref: Bailey and Love, 27th ed; pg. 331* Verbal response could not be tested in intubated patients and are scored as NT (not tested)* So, in intubated patients scores range from E1 M1 NT to E4 M6 NT | 21,705 | medmcqa_train |
Normal pH of blood is: September 2007 | Ans. D: 7.40Normal pH is 7.35-7.45.There are a series of buffers which help the plasma resist any change in pH. Some of them include: the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, other plasma proteins, the bicarbonate buffer and the phosphate buffer. | 21,706 | medmcqa_train |
A 49-year-old male presents with symptoms that developed following a long weekend of binge drinking. His serum reveals a g-glutamyl transferase (GGT) level of 65 IU/L. A liver biopsy reveals fatty change (steatosis) of numerous hepatocytes. This patient's liver abnormality is most likely the result of | Alcohol can produce hepatic steatosis several mechanisms, such as increased fatty acid synthesis, decreased triglyceride utilization, decreased atty acid oxidation, decreased lipoprotein excretion, and increased lipolysis. Ethanol is taken up by the liver and is conveed into acetaldehyde by either alcohol dehydrogenase... | 21,707 | medmcqa_train |
A 60-year-old woman with a history of chronic cystitis is referred to a urologist because of hematuria. Cystoscopy reveals a mass in the dome of the bladder. Biopsy shows tumor cells arranged as gland-like structures. Special stains demonstrate mucin in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. What is the appropriate diagnosi... | Adenocarcinoma of the bladder accounts for only 1% of all malignant tumors of the bladder. It originates from foci of cystitis glandularis or intestinal metaplasia or from remnants of urachal epithelium in the bladder dome. Most bladder adenocarcinomas are deeply invasive at the time of initial presentation and are not... | 21,708 | medmcqa_train |
Earliest sign of left atrial enlargement | .Left atrial enlargement refers to dilation of the left atrium which occurs from multiple disease states that can chronically increase the left atrial pressure. These include congestive hea failure, cardiomyopathies, congenital hea defects and valvular hea disease In rheumatic mitral valve disease, there may be left at... | 21,709 | medmcqa_train |
Requirement of Iodine during Breast feeding | RDA of Iodine in Adults - 150mcg/day
RDA of Iodine during pregnancy and breast feeding is - 250mcg/day | 21,710 | medmcqa_train |
Optic tract lesions presents with - | Optic tract lesions cause incongurant homonymous hemianopia. | 21,711 | medmcqa_train |
All are attached to coracoid process, except- | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Long head of biceps Muscles attached to scapulao Muscles attached to scapula are:Coracoid process Tip of the coracoid process gives origin to coracobrachialrs {medially) and short head of the biceps laterally. The upper s urface receives insertion of pectoralis minor.Spine of scapula and acromion proc... | 21,712 | medmcqa_train |
A female presents with leaking and meconum stained liquior at 32 weaks. She is infected with | “Discolored brownish or meconium stained amniotic fluid is common with fetal infection, even with preterm gestation”
Hence, the correct answer is Listeria, rest of the infections do not lead to preterm labour with meconium stained liquor.
Listeriosis
Causative organism- listeria monocytogenes (facultative intracellula... | 21,713 | medmcqa_train |
A 24-year-old man is brought into the emergency depament after a fall from a ladder. His breathing is labored and he is cyanotic. No breath sounds can be heard, even in the right lung field, which is resonant to percussion. The first step in his management should be | This patient has a tension pneumothorax and immediate management by right tube thoracostomy is imperative. This diagnosis is a clinical one and treatment should not await x-ray confirmation. | 21,714 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following amino acids have side chains that are negatively charged under physiological conditions? | The side chains of the acidic amino acids, aspaic acid and glutamic acid, are negatively charged above pH 3; in their ionized state, they are often referred to as aspaate and glutamate. Asparagine and glutamine are, respectively, the amides of aspaic acid and glutamic acid. Ref: Voet Fundamentals of Biochemistry 4th Ed... | 21,715 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following doesnot predispose to cholangiocarcinoma | Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma Choledochal cyst Primary sclerosing cholangitis Ulcerative colitis. RPC or hepatolithiasis. Biliary enteric anastomosis HBV, HIV, HCV Choledocholithiasis Clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini Cirrhosis Radon Asbestos, Nitrosamines, Dioxib(AND). Diabetes, Obesity, OCP's, smok... | 21,716 | medmcqa_train |
Inferior thyroid vein drains into? | Superior & middle thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular vein and the inferior thyroid vein drain into the brachiocephalic vein. | 21,717 | medmcqa_train |
Several days after an unprotected sexual encounter, a healthy 21-year-old male develops pain and pus on urination. A Gram stain reveals gram-negative diplococci. Which of the following structures is responsible for adherence of the offending microbe to the urethral mucosa? | Typical Neisseria are gram-negative diplococci. Neisseria gonorrhoeae contain pili, hair-like appendages that may be several micrometers long. They enhance attachment of the organism to mucous membranes, helping to make the organism more resistant to phagocytosis by WBCs. Gonococci isolated from clinical specimens prod... | 21,718 | medmcqa_train |
A 50-year-old woman is referred by her family doctor because she suffers from depressive disorder. During the interview, she has difficulty in verbalizing her emotions. The phenomenon is best described as? | Alexithymia is inability to express emotions of self and to understand those of others. Anhedonia is inability to take pleasure from previous pleasurable activities. Ambivalence is inability to decide motor movement Affective flattening is also known as emotional blunting in which person doesnot experience any emotion ... | 21,719 | medmcqa_train |
The water shed area in the marginal aery of Drummond is at | Answer- C. Splenic flexureThe blood supply of colon is derived from the marginal aery of Drummond.It is a paracolic anastomotic aery formed by anastomosis between colic branches of superior mesentric aery ileocolic, right colic, middle colic) and colic branches of inferior muentetic aety (left colic and sigmoidal aerie... | 21,720 | medmcqa_train |
The incidence of a foreign body being aspirated into the right lung is higher than into the left lung. All of the following statements suppo this, EXCEPT: | A foreign body is more likely to get aspirated into the right lung as the right bronchus is wider, shoer and more veical than the left principal bronchus. The greater width and the more veical angulation of the right principal bronchus explain why foreign bodies enter it more commonly that the left. Ref: Clinical Anato... | 21,721 | medmcqa_train |
The malignancy of most common occurance in children is which of the following? | The most common tumors found in children are leukemias (30%) followed by brain tumors (22%), lymphomas (11%), neuroblastoma (8%), soft tissue sarcoma (7%), Wilm's tumor (6%), bone tumors (5%) and others (11%). Ref: Nelson 11th Edition, Page 1694: 17th Edition, Page 1694; Essentials of Pediatric Radiology: A Multimodali... | 21,722 | medmcqa_train |
Asynchronous cadioversion is given in : | Ans. is 'b' Ventricular fibrillation Electrical cardioversion and defibrillation are the most reliable methods for termination of arrhythmias. These methods depolarize all or at least a large portion of excitable myocardium in a near homogenous fashion, the electrical shock can interrupt reentrant arrhythmias.Energy is... | 21,723 | medmcqa_train |
Gastric lavage is contraindicated in which of the following: | Ans. A. Kerosene poisoningGastric lavage is a technique for stomach emptying that theoretically allows direct irrigation and removal of unabsorbed toxin from the stomach. Gastric lavage is indicated in those patients who ingest highly toxic substances and are brought to the emergency department soon after ingestion. Hy... | 21,724 | medmcqa_train |
Slow acetylators of Isoniazid are more prone to develop | acetylator status of a person determines the response of drugs metabolised by acetylation Isoniazid is metabolised to acetyl-isoniazid and then to acetyl hydrazine. Accumulation of Isoniazid is responsible for peripheral neuropathy whereas acetyl hydrazine accumulation may cause hepatotoxicity. Thus slow acetylators wi... | 21,725 | medmcqa_train |
The umblical cord of the baby shows mummification changes. The time since bih is ____ | Time since bih by umbilical cord changes Drying up of cut margin: 2 hr Drying up of cord: 1 day Inflammatory line at the base of stump: 2 days Obliteration and mummification changes: 3 days Detach (falls off ): 5-6 days Complete healing (scar): 10-12 days | 21,726 | medmcqa_train |
Structure passing through lesser sciatic notch: | Lesser sciatic notchIt lies below the ischial spineIt is smooth, coated in the recent state with cailage, the surface of which presents two or three ridges corresponding to the subdivisions of the tendon of the Obturator internus, which winds over it.It is conveed into a foramen, the lesser sciatic foramen, by the sacr... | 21,727 | medmcqa_train |
DDT is a type of: | DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichlorothane): DDT is a synthetic insecticide. First synthesized by: 'Ziedler' & Insecticidal propeies are discovered by: 'Paul Muller'. DDT contains active component:para para isomer. Mechanism of action: Contact poison, inhibits Acetylcholinestrase enzyme. Types of insecticides: Natural insec... | 21,728 | medmcqa_train |
Intermediate grade of NHL are all except : | Answer is C (Mycosis fungoides) Mycosis fungoides is included in the Miscellaneous group. Q It does not fall in the intermediate grade. All' diffuse' fall into intermediate grade. Intermediate grade includes only one more variant, which is follicular, large cell. Intermediate grade includes: Diffuse small cleaved Q Dif... | 21,729 | medmcqa_train |
GLUT 3 transpoer is located in | Major Glucose TranspoersTissue LocationFunctionsGLUT 1Brain, kidney, colon, placenta, erythrocytesGlucose uptakeGLUT 2Liver, pancreatic b cell, small intestine, kidneyRapid uptake or release of glucoseGLUT 3Brain, kidney, placentaGlucose uptakeGLUT 4Hea and skeletal muscle, adipose tissueInsulin-stimulated glucose upta... | 21,730 | medmcqa_train |
If the grading of diabetes is classified as mild, moderate and severe the scale of measurement used is: | Ordinal | 21,731 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice for intermediate uveitis ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Systemic steroids Drugs used in acute anterior uveitis (iridocyclitis) Topical steroids (Drugs of choice) Mydriatic - cycloplegics: Atropine (Drug of 2" choice), Homatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide, rnydricain (mixture of atropine, adrenaline & procaine) Systemic steroids NSAIDs Systemic immunosu... | 21,732 | medmcqa_train |
Patient with occipito posterior position. What is the management | Wait and watch for progress of labour Occipito posterior_position In veex presentation when the occiput is placed posteriorly over the sacroiliac joint or directly over the sacrum, it is called an occipito posterior position. Occiput posterior is an abnormal position of the veex rather than an abnormal presentation. An... | 21,733 | medmcqa_train |
Intermediate host for Taenia saginata is: | HOST: A person or other animal, including birds and ahropods that affords subsistence or lodgement to an infectious agent under natural (as opposed to experiemental) condition. Primary Host(definitive): Host in which parasite attains maturity or passes its sexual stage. Secondary (intermediate) Host: Host in which para... | 21,734 | medmcqa_train |
Proteus infection leads to | (A) Struvite stones # Struvite stones are infectious stones composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate.> Struvite stones are common stones seen in SCI population, and they are caused by ureage producing bacteria.> Most common are Proteins, Psuedomonas, klebsiella, peosidentia, E.coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and urea... | 21,735 | medmcqa_train |
Most impoant factor determining the affect of anaesthetic agent on fetus ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Duration of pregnancy All the given options determine the effect of anaesthetic on fetus. But, duration of pregnancy is the most impoant. Almost all anaesthetic agents can be potentially teratogenic. Day 15th to day 60 is the most critical period. | 21,736 | medmcqa_train |
Which vaccine is given by subcutaneous route - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Measles | 21,737 | medmcqa_train |
A primigravida at 37 week of gestation repoed to labour room with central placenta pre with heavy bleeding per vaginum. The fetal hea rate was normal at the time of examination. Which of the following is the best management option for her? | Since this patient in labour is having central type placenta pre with heavy vaginal bleeding, the most appropriate step in management is to conduct caesarean section. Indications for caesarean section in placenta prae are: Severe degree placenta pre (type-II (marginal), type-III (incomplete or paial central), type-4 (c... | 21,738 | medmcqa_train |
"Microsomia" is defined as – | Microsomia means small for date baby, i.e. newborn baby with a birth weight less than 10th percentile. | 21,739 | medmcqa_train |
Regarding kidney, all of the following statements are true except: | The kidneys are reddish brown and lie behind the peritoneum high up on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the veebral column; they are largely under cover of the costal marginThe right kidney lies slightly lower than the left kidney because of the large size of the right lobe of the liver.On the medial conc... | 21,740 | medmcqa_train |
What is deficient in exclusively breastfed baby – | Deficiency of Vitamin B12 may occur in exclusive breastfed infants of mother who is on strict vegetarian diet. Remember following important facts -
Milks from the mother whose diet is sufficient and properly balanced will supply all the necessary nutrients except fluoride and Vitamin D.
The iron content of human milk i... | 21,741 | medmcqa_train |
Amount of calcium is maximum in which milk: | Amount per 100 ml Cow's milk Human milk Buffalo milk Goat milk Fat 4.1 g 3.4 g 6.5 g 4.5 g Protein 3.3 g 1.1 g 4.3 g 3.3 g Lactose 4.4 g 7.4 g 5.1 g 4.6 g Calcium 120 mg 28 mg 210 mg 170 mg Iron 0.2 mg 0.2 mg 0.3 mg Ref: Park, 22nd edition pg: 584 | 21,742 | medmcqa_train |
The following pathogen does not satisfy "Koch's postulates" - | Koch postulates
Robert Koch proposed a series of postulates that have been applied broadly to link many specific bacterial species with a particular disease.
Koch's postulates are :
The microorganism should be found in all cases of the disease in question and its distribution in the body should be in accordance with... | 21,743 | medmcqa_train |
A 82-year-old female presented with history of loss of vision in right eye for about 15 minutes and it cleared up. She has a history of diabetes and hypertension. She had which showed old infarct on right side. Carotid duplex showed that patient had 99% carotid artery stenosis. Which one of the following statements is ... | Neurological events are associated with extracranial carotid artery in about 60%. Forty percent may have extracranial/intracranial cause for neurological events, which includes cardiac emboli, arch of aorta as source of emboli; intracranial bleed may be more than just a TIA. It is not always that platelet emboli are th... | 21,744 | medmcqa_train |
Spongiosis involves ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Stratum spinosum Separation of keratinocytes due to loss of intracellular bridges --> Acantholysis Intracellular edema of keratinocytes ---> Ballooning Stratum basale Acantholytic cells of pemphigus vulgaris are derived from stratum basal. Basal cell degeneration occurs in Lichen planus. Stratum spino... | 21,745 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not an amino steroid derivative | Alcuronium chloride is a neuromuscular blocking agent, alternatively referred to as a skeletal muscle relaxant.
It is a semi-synthetic substance prepared from C-toxiferine I, a bis-quaternary alkaloid obtained from Strychnos toxifera. | 21,746 | medmcqa_train |
Contraception of choice for a working women with irregular and profuse bleeding : | Oral pills | 21,747 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following ocular conditions is autosomal dominant in inheritance: | A i.e. Best disease | 21,748 | medmcqa_train |
In which of the following disease normal structure of hemoglobin but their blood volume reduced in? | Thalassemia describes a group of inherited disorders characterized by reduced or absent amounts of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein inside the red blood cells. There are two basic groups of thalassemia disorders: alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia. These conditions cause varying degrees of anemia, which can ... | 21,749 | medmcqa_train |
Pancreatic lipase that digests lipids require | Colipase, abbreted CLPS, is a protein co-enzyme required for optimal enzyme activity of pancreatic lipase. It is secreted by the pancreas in an inactive form, procolipase, which is activated in the intestinal lumen by trypsin Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:437,438,439 | 21,750 | medmcqa_train |
The group of antibiotics that possesses additional anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities is: | MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS
These are antibiotics having a macrocyclic lactone ring with attached sugars. Erythromycin is the first member discovered in the 1950s. Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin and Azithromycin are the later additions.
Interestingly, the nonantibiotic macrolides: tacrolimus, pimecrolimus and sirolimus also p... | 21,751 | medmcqa_train |
A 13 year young boy is brought by his parents with history of frequent fighting at school, disciplinary problems, stealing money, assaulting his batch mates and being weak in studies. What is the most appropriate diagnosis for this child: | Ans (b) Conduct disorderAhuja 5th/173, Kaplan 9th/1234-6The child is not normal and suffers from conduct disorder.Differentiation between different disorders mentioned in the questionAutismAttention Deficit DisorderConduct DisorderThere is marked impairment of reciprocal social and interpersonal interaction:Absence of ... | 21,752 | medmcqa_train |
Recommended rate of chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults is:- | During cardiopulmonary resuscitation of infants and children, the ratio of chest compression to rescue breaths is 30:2 for a single rescuer and 15:2 if 2 or more rescuers are present. In adults, the ratio is 30:2 irrespective of the number of rescuers. In infants and children, the depth of compression should be at leas... | 21,753 | medmcqa_train |
Micronodular cirrhosis is commonly seen in all except, | Chronic hepatitis B [Ref Robbin 7Th/e p. 8991 Cirrhosis of the liver is a pathological entity which clinically represents the end stage of chronic liver disease. It is characterized by three features. i) Bridging fibrous septa& in the form of delicate bands or broad scars linking poal tracts with one another and poal t... | 21,754 | medmcqa_train |
Most common primary malignant bone tumour is: | Multiple myeloma is the most common primary neoplasm of the skeletal system.
The disease is a malignancy of plasma cells. Plasma cells are a subset of B cells, which are the producers of humoral immunity factors termed antibodies. However, if malignant transformation occurs in a single plasma cell, its clones produce ... | 21,755 | medmcqa_train |
You are called to the emergency room to see a baby who was unresponsive. The delivery is believed to have occurred at home. It has only been half an hour since the body was born as per the bystander. On examination you find fracture of skull base and a depressed fracture of temporal bone. Neuroimaging revealed contusio... | Skull bone fracture involving the vault or base is suggestive of head injuries due to blunt force trauma. Depressed fracture with contusion, laceration and hemorrhage in the brain is also suggestive of head injury due to blunt force trauma. So in this scenario the findings are highly in our of homicide. Ref: Textbook o... | 21,756 | medmcqa_train |
Daily caloric needs in pregnancy are about........kilocalories? | The pregnant women should have a light but nutritious diet. She needs an extra 300 kcal per day especially from the second trimester onwards, I.e, a total of 2500 kcal per day. About 60g of extra dietary protein should be provided daily i.e, 20g in addition to the usual requirement. (refer pgno: 95 Sheila 2nd edition) | 21,757 | medmcqa_train |
Which is the most common oncogene involved in human cancer? | RAS is a signal transduction protein. It is the most common oncogene mutation involved in human cancer. | 21,758 | medmcqa_train |
By what age a child can hold the film: | <3 year parents hold the film.
Above 3 years child can hold. | 21,759 | medmcqa_train |
Cotton wool spots are commonly seen in: March 2007 | Ans. D: All of the above Cotton wool spots are an abnormal finding on fundoscopic exam of the retina. They appear as puffy white patches on the retina. They are caused by damage to nerve fibers. The nerve fibers are damaged by swelling in the surface layer of the retina. The cause of this swelling is due to the reduced... | 21,760 | medmcqa_train |
mRNA codes for which tail? | Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA. The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is pa of the process that produces mature messenger RNA(mRNA) for translation. It, ther... | 21,761 | medmcqa_train |
Eukaryotic plasm membrane is made up of all except: | Ans. B i.e. Triglycerides | 21,762 | medmcqa_train |
Gold standard investigation for recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor is: | Ans is d i.e. PET CT Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) comprise a group of smooth muscle mesenchymal alimentary tract tumours of variable malignancy. The management of malignant GISTs has been revolutionised by the development of Imatinib (ST-571) which is, uniquely, a specific, highly effective, chemotherapeuti... | 21,763 | medmcqa_train |
In Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, the risk of kernicterus increases with the use of | Sulfonamides (also called sulfa drugs) are a group of antibiotics that kill bacteria. Sulfonamides may unbind bilirubin from albumin, which increases blood levels of bilirubin. The unbound bilirubin can cross into the brain and cause kernicterus. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | 21,764 | medmcqa_train |
In an HIV infected individual Gram stain of lung aspirate shows yeast like morphology. All of the following are the most likely diagnosis except | Candida tropicalis is a yeast-like fungus. Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast. Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus so it shows yeast like morphology. Aspergillus fumigatus is a mould. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Baveja; 4th edition | 21,765 | medmcqa_train |
A 69-year-old woman presents with left flank pain and hematuria. Physical examination suggests a left-sided abdominal mass. Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen reveals a 5-cm mass in the left kidney. Which of the following laboratory abnormalities might also be present? | (a) Source: (Kasper, pp. 541-542)This patient likely has hypernephroma (renal cell carcinoma). Polycythemia is caused by the production of erythropoietin-like factors. There is no relationship to hypertension. The tumor frequently presents as metastatic disease. | 21,766 | medmcqa_train |
Nerve of inguinal canal is | The inguinal canal is a passage in the anterior abdominal wall that in men conveys the spermatic cord and in women the round ligament of uterus. The inguinal canal is larger and more prominent in men. There is one inguinal canal on each side of the midline. ref -BDC 6e vol2 pg211-216 | 21,767 | medmcqa_train |
Quellung phenomenon is seen in: | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pneumococcus (Ref: Ananthanarayan, 8th/e, p. 220, 9th/e, p. 223)* A positive reaction shows clumping because of cross-linking of the antibodies and pneumococci. The halo effect around the pneumococci is apparent capsular swelling. A negative control would show no clumping or capsular swelling. | 21,768 | medmcqa_train |
End-tidal CO2 is increased to maximum level in : | B i.e. Malignant hypehermia Unilateral absence (or decrease) of breath sounds over one lung (especially left) after a speedy intubation suggests a diagnosis of inadveent endobronchial intubation. End tidal CO2 may be low, normal or raised after an endotracheal intubation. Tlie presence of high end tidal CO2 however exc... | 21,769 | medmcqa_train |
A 32 year old female presents with pelvic pain, low back pain, and a sensation of "pulling" or "stretching" in her groin. Bimanual examination reveals a firm mass in the right adnexa. An ultrasound examination reveals the presence of fluid in the abdominal cavity and the right thoracic cavity. Which of the following co... | Meigs syndrome is the unusual combination of hydrothorax (often right sided), ascites, and an ovarian tumor (often a benign fibroma). Low back pain and a stretching or pulling sensation are characteristic of ascites in some patients (ascites can also be asymptomatic). The etiology of the fluid accumulation in Meigs syn... | 21,770 | medmcqa_train |
True about respiratory distress syndrome is all except: | In adult respiratory distress syndrome, there is damage to type-I / II pneumocytes as well as formation of hyaline membrane due to endothelial cell damage which increases vessel permeability - formation of membrane with fibrinogen-Hyaline appearance. Histological feature is diffuse alveolar damage. In such condition, o... | 21,771 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the subclass of IgG has the maximum serum concentration? | IgG is the most abundant of the immunoglobulins. It has two heavy and two light chains linked by disulfide bonds. 4 subclasses of IgG are present, each differ from each other based on the amino acid sequence. Each of the 4 subclasses has unique epitopes. The subclasses of IgG are present in different amounts with IgG1>... | 21,772 | medmcqa_train |
In human males, testosterone is mainly produced by | (A) Leydig cells # Testosterone, the principal hormone of the testes, is a C19 steroid with an -OH group in the 17 position.> It is synthesized from cholesterol in the Leydig cells & is also formed from androstenedione secreted by the adrenal cortex> The testes are made up of loops of convoluted seminiferous tubules, i... | 21,773 | medmcqa_train |
Physiological unlocking is caused by | Locking is produced by continued action of the same muscles that produce extension, i.e. the quadriceps femoris (the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis , vastus intermedius and the rectus femoris ). The locked knee joint can be flexed only after it is unlocked i.e., by lateral rotation of the femur. Unlocking is brought... | 21,774 | medmcqa_train |
Rape is defined under: TN 09; FMGE 10; NEET 14 | Ans. Sec. 375 IPC | 21,775 | medmcqa_train |
True about Apoptosis are all except- | Ans. is 'a' i.e.,, Inflammation is present The two most striking features of apoptosis are: In contrast to necrosis it does not elicit inflammation Considerable apoptosis may occur in tissues before it becomes apparent in histological section (because it occurs very rapidly). | 21,776 | medmcqa_train |
Most common form of tetanus is generalized tetanus, in which toxins enter | Clinical Features
→ Most common form of tetanus is generalized tetanus, in which toxins enter the lymphatics and bloodstream.
→ Median time of onset after injury is 7days.
→ First symptom– Pain and tingling at the site of inoculation.
→ Early sign– increased tone of masseter muscles called as trismus/lock jaw, follow... | 21,777 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following result from accumulation of homogentisic acid? | Ochronosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase leading to the accumulation of homogentisic acid in connective tissue. Accumulation of homogentisic acid in the cailage, tendons and sclera leads to a darker brown to black discolouration called ochronosis. Albinism is... | 21,778 | medmcqa_train |
Most common oral infection in diabetes mellitus? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Candida o Individuals with DM have a greater frequency and severity of infection. The reasons for this include incompletely defined abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte function associated with hyperglycemia, as well as diminished vascularization. Hyperglycemia aids the colonization a... | 21,779 | medmcqa_train |
Thiamine deficiency causes decreased energy production because rpt Q18 | Thiamine pyrophosphate is the biologically active form of the vitamin, formed by the transfer of a pyrophosphate group from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to thiamine. Thiamine pyrophosphate serves as a coenzyme in the formation or degradation of a-ketols by transketolase.and in the oxidative decarboxylation of a-keto ac... | 21,780 | medmcqa_train |
Function of Golgi tendon organ is to detect:- | - Muscles & their tendons are supplied abundantly with 2 special types of sensory receptors 1.muscle spindles - Distributed throughout belly of muscle & send information to nervous system about muscle length / rate of change of length. 2. Golgi tendon organs - Located in muscle tendons & transmit information about tend... | 21,781 | medmcqa_train |
A 62 year old female presented with hematuria was found to have Stage
II Transitional Cell Carcinoma of bladder. She underwent radical cystectomy
and urinary diversion later she devoloped hyperchloremic hypokalemic
metabolic acidosis. Which of the following technique is used | MC technique used is ileal conduit. hyperchloremic hypokalemic metabolic
acidosis is associated with it. | 21,782 | medmcqa_train |
Therapeutic drug monitoring is essential for the following drug? | TDM is required for drugs with narrow therapeutic range like1. Immunosuppressants like cyclosporin and tacrolimus,2. Lithium,3. Antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin, Phenobarbitone, Carbamazepine etc.Ref: KD Tripathi 7th ed.Pg 34 | 21,783 | medmcqa_train |
Nasopharyngeal Ca; Most common site is : | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Fossa of Rosenmuller Nasopharyngeal Ca:MC type is * - Squamous cell CaLymph node involvement is very common. Sometimes a cervical node may be the only manifestation of nasopharyngeal cancer (occult primary)Treatment of choice - Radiotherapy * | 21,784 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is a gastric polyps has malignant potential? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Adenomatous Polyps are nodule or mass that project above the level of the surrounding mucosa. | 21,785 | medmcqa_train |
Controlled hyperventilation (induced hypocapnia) is frequently recommended following head trauma. The therapeutic consequences of this therapy include | Controlled hyperventilation to a PaCO2 of 25 kPa raises tissue pH, increases cerebrovascular resistance, decreases cerebral blood flow, and consequently reduces intracerebral pressure (ICP). In the effort to avoid brain swelling by lowering cerebral blood flow and ICP, the clinician must be wary of causing ischemic bra... | 21,786 | medmcqa_train |
Source of vitamin B12? | Ans. (a) Animal SourceRef: Harrison / 640Only source of vitamin B12 for humans is food of animal origin, e.g., meat, fish, and dairy products.Vegetables, fruits, and other foods of non-animal origin are free from cobalamin unless they are contaminated by bacteria. Cobalamin is synthesized solely by microorganisms. | 21,787 | medmcqa_train |
A one day census of inpatients in a mental hospital could | A census is defined by UN as the total process of collecting,complying and publishing demographic,economic and social data peaining at a specified time or times to all persons in a country or delimited territory | 21,788 | medmcqa_train |
Tardieu spots are seen in? | Tardieu spots or petechial haemorrhages are pinhead size bleeding spots occurring as a result of rupture of venules and are most commonly seen in sclera, conjunctiva or on serous membranes. Their distribution lies above the level of obstruction. A hand lens is used to identify petechial haemorrhages. It is seen in case... | 21,789 | medmcqa_train |
ECT is currently indicated as a line of treatment in the following conditions except: | ECT is rarely used in the treatment of OCD Electoro-Convulsive therapy Sessions scheduled 2-3 times weekly on nonconsecutive days. Twice-weekly treatments are associated with less memory impairment than thrice-weekly treatments. For a seizure to be effective in the course of ECT, it should last at least 25 seconds. Ind... | 21,790 | medmcqa_train |
Cephalic index is used to determine the_____ | Ans. c (Race) (Ref Reddy's essentials of FMT 23rd/48)IDENTIFICATION (determination of the individuality of a person based on certain physical characteristics, i.e., exact fixation of personality)# Corpus delicti: (body of offence, essence of crime) means, the elements of any criminal offence, e.g., murder. The main par... | 21,791 | medmcqa_train |
Amplifier for Japanese encephalitis – | In Japanese encephalitis
Pigs → Amplifiers.
Cattle and buffalos → Mosquito attractants Man → Incidental dead-end host Herons → Reservoir hosts | 21,792 | medmcqa_train |
Basal cell carcinoma usually spreads by which route: September 2007 | Ans. C: Direct spread Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy in Caucasian individuals. Despite this high incidence, metastatic basal cell carcinoma is extremely rare. The primary mode of spread of basal cell carcinoma is by direct extension. Nearly 85% of all metastasizing basal cell carcinomas involve the ... | 21,793 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following complications is not seen with peritonitis - | Ans. is 'None' Systemic complications of peritonitis Bacteraemic/endotoxic shock Bronchopneumonia/respiratory failure Renal failure Bone marrow suppression Multisystem failure Abdominal complications of peritonitis - Adhesional small bowel obstruction Paralytic ileus Residual or recurrent abscess Poal pyaemiafiiver abs... | 21,794 | medmcqa_train |
Runt disease is associated with? | Runt disease is Graft versus host disease.
Runt disease occurs when immunologically competent donor cells are transplanted into immunologically crippled (immunocompromised) hosts and the transferred cells recognize host cells as alloantigens. | 21,795 | medmcqa_train |
Insulin-dependent glucose transpo is through | Glucose transpoers are a wide group of membrane proteins that facilitate the transpo of glucose over a plasma membrane. Because glucose is a vital source of energy for all life these transpoers are present in almost cells.GLUT4Found in adipose tissues and striated muscle (skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle). GLUT 4 Is ... | 21,796 | medmcqa_train |
Number of ATP required for synthesis of 1 mole of urea is: | Synthesis of 1 mol of urea requires 3 mol of ATP plus 1 mol each of ammonium ion and of the a-amino nitrogen of aspaate. Ref: Harper 28th edition, chapter 28. | 21,797 | medmcqa_train |
Heme is which porphyrin ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Type III | 21,798 | medmcqa_train |
Which is an abnormal lipoprotein? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lipoprotein-X* IDL or Intermediate Density Lipoprotein is a normal lipoprotein formed from VLDL. IDL then gets converted to LDL.* So LDL is also a normal lipoprotein which carries cholesterol ester and has apo B100 as its apoprotein* Lipoprotein(a) is a lipoprotein subclass. It has LDL like particle a... | 21,799 | medmcqa_train |
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