query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Test for De-quervain's tenovaginitis - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Finkelstein test o De-Quervian's teno vaginitis is characterized by pain over the styloid process of the radius and palpable thickening in the course of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons.o The condition is five times commoner in women than men, predominantly in middle a... | 21,800 | medmcqa_train |
26 yr old female came for the first time in OPD with lump in breast first investigation | Answer- B. MammogramRadiological investigations for the initial assessment for breast lump are either USG or Mammography.Since the patient given in the question is a young female. Ultrasonography is a preferred first investigation for evaluation of breast lump.ultrasound is paicularly useful in young women with dense b... | 21,801 | medmcqa_train |
ASD patient with murmur similar to MR and left axis detion of 40 degrees is having? | Floppy mitral valve REF: Pediatrics: A Concise Text - SK Kabra, RN Srivastava Page 135 Repeat in December 2009, December 2011 The murmur is the clinching point here as the patient is having ostium primum type of ASD with MR and Ostium primum defect alone cannot produce such murmur and in question it is already mentione... | 21,802 | medmcqa_train |
Maximum rise in Prolactin levels is seen with(2018) | Risperidone is more potent D2 blocker than clozapine; extrapyramidal side effects are less only at low doses (<6 mg/day). Prolactin levels rise dispropoionately during risperidone therapy, but it is less epileptogenic than clozapine. Ref:- KD tripathi; pg num:- 441 | 21,803 | medmcqa_train |
Skin of dorsum of first web space of foot is supplied by | DEEP PERONEAL:- Muscular branches to muscles of anterior compament of leg:Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus teius.Extensor digitorum brevis Cutaneous: dorsal digital nerves for adjacent sides of big toe and second toe.Aicular branches:Ankle joint, tarsal joints, tarsom... | 21,804 | medmcqa_train |
A 54-year-old man with a long history of indigestion after meals and "heaburn" presents with upper abdominal pain. He was treated with proton-pump inhibitors for gastroesophageal reflux 3 years . An endoscopic biopsy of the lower esophagus shows glandular metaplasia. The patient described is at increased risk of develo... | - Barrett esophagus carries a serious risk of malignant transformation to adenocarcinoma, risk correlates with length of involved esophagus & degree of dysplasia. - Viually all esophageal adenocarcinomas arise in the background of metaplastic epithelium of Barrett esophagus. - Symptoms & clinical course of adenocarcino... | 21,805 | medmcqa_train |
First step in investigating an epidemic is: September 2005 | Ans. D: Verification of the diagnosis In investigating an outbreak, speed is essential, but getting the right answer is essential, too. To satisfy both requirements, epidemiologists approach investigations systematically, using the following 10 steps: Verify the diagnosis-It is the first step Establish the existence of... | 21,806 | medmcqa_train |
Investigation of choice in a patient brought with traumatic paraplegia: March 2005 | Ans. D: MRI Scan Radiological examination shows no correlation between the severity of the injury on the X-rays and the degree of the neurological deficit. CT scan may be indicated in cases with incomplete and increasing paralysis. MRI scan has become the imaging modality of choice for these cases. MRIs of the thoracol... | 21,807 | medmcqa_train |
A college football player repos knee pain along the medial joint line with intermittent locking and inability to fully extend the knee after a twisting injury to his right knee. He has a negative Lachman test and a positive McMurray test. What is the most likely diagnosis | The patient has a bucket-handle medial meniscus tear after an acute injury. Such tears are associated with knee locking and a block to full extension. These tears are more common in young patients, often associated with ACL tears, and are the most commonly missed meniscal tear on MRI. | 21,808 | medmcqa_train |
A 25 yr. old comes in emergency with 2 1/2 months amenorrhea and abdominal pain and bleeding from vagina for 1 day. Her vitals are stable. On per speculum examination, mild bleeding is seen coming from the os. On per vaginal examination, the uterus is 10-week size, os is open and admits one finger. The most likely diag... | Ans. C. Inevitable abortionThe size of the uterus corresponds to the period of gestation, bleeding is mild, os is open, thus inevitable abortion. | 21,809 | medmcqa_train |
BRCA2 not associated with | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Vulva! cancer | 21,810 | medmcqa_train |
The following drug is indicated in the treatment of pityriasis versicolar : | A i.e. Ketoconazole - Pityriasis versicolor is superficial mycosis caused by mycelial phase of yeast Malassezia (furfur, globosa, sympodialis)Q. It presents with multiple, small, hypopigmented (usually or pink-salmon or hyperpigmented) scaly macules that develop insidiously over the trunk, chest, back and shoulders in ... | 21,811 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the current trend in Health Care? | Among all the options listed above, community paicipation is the current trend followed as far as Health care is concerned. The whole concept to protect health is possible only with the paicipation of the community whose health is being protected. Primary health care is that health care being provided at the level indi... | 21,812 | medmcqa_train |
. Brocas aphasia is? | *Speech output is sparse (nonfluent), slow, labored, interrupted by many word- finding pauses, and usually dysahric; output may be reduced to a grunt or single word. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2678 | 21,813 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements is not true for contact ulcer? | Contact ulcer is seen on the vocal process(es) of the larynx. Acute ulceration can occur after intubation but contact ulcer with a granuloma is the result of vocal abuse, repeated throat clearing and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Prolonged intubation causes ulceration of mucosa over the vocal process, infection and granul... | 21,814 | medmcqa_train |
The dental stone model should be left undisturbed for ____________ until the material has set completely. | If the inversion method is used, a mound of stone about 20 mm high is made on a flat surface, such as glass plate, with the remainder of the mixture or with a new mix using a lower W/P ratio. The filled impression, which should exhibit the initial set but not the final set, is then inverted over the mound of stone and ... | 21,815 | medmcqa_train |
Hormone responsible for decidual reaction and Arias stella reaction in ectopic pregnancy is : | Arias stella reaction
Arias stella reaction is characterized by adenomatous change of the endometrial glands.
Cells loose their polarity, have hyperchromatic nucleus, vacuolated cytoplasm and occasional mitosis.
The reaction is seen in ectopic pregnancy (in 10 – 15% cases) and indicates blightening of conceptus be it ... | 21,816 | medmcqa_train |
Perjury under section IPC - | Perjury means wilful giving of false/ fabricated evidence by a witness under oath. Section 193 : Punishment for false evidence: Classification of Offence: Punishment :Imprisonment for 7 years and fine. Cognizable or Non-cognizable :Non-cognizable Bailable or Non-bailable :Bailable By Which Cou Triable :Magistrate of th... | 21,817 | medmcqa_train |
Hemiplegia is most often caused by thrombosis of: | Hemiplegia occurs most commonly due to occlusion of middle cerebral aery. Paraplegia occurs due to occlusion of anterior cerebral aery. Posterior cerebral aery occlusion leads to Homonymous visual-field cut, usually a complete hemianopia Macular or central field sparing can occur if the occipital pole remains intact th... | 21,818 | medmcqa_train |
Only factor, which can be recorded from the patient is: | Condylar guidance:
• First factor of occlusion.
• Only factor, which can be recorded from the patient.
• It is registered using protrusive registration.
• Increase in the condylar guidance will increase the jaw separation during protrusion. | 21,819 | medmcqa_train |
Clinical features of Conus Medullaris syndrome include all of the following Except: | The root value of Conus medullaris is S1-S5. Hence in conus medullaris syndrome, knee-jerk is preserved but ankle jerk is lost. Due to the involvement of coicospinal pathway, extensor plantars will be seen. | 21,820 | medmcqa_train |
Catatonia is characterized by all except NOT RELATED-PSYCHIATRY | Catatonia is characterized by marked disturbance of motor behavior presents in 3 clinical forms.a) Excited catatoniab) Stuporous catatoniac) Catatonia alternating between excitement & stupor. | 21,821 | medmcqa_train |
Cytotoxic drugs are treated/disposed by ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Incineration Cytotoxic drugs are category No. 5 wastes which are destroyed by incineration and disposed by secured landfills. | 21,822 | medmcqa_train |
Preferred cycloplegic drug in a 1 year old child is:- | In children the tone of ciliary muscle is very high, so we have to give a drug which is a strong cycloplegic drug - Atropine. Atropine is given in the form of eye ointment because even if we give it in form of eye drops, it can be absorbed through nasolacrimal duct, and there will be hypehermia risk. Cycloplegic DOC in... | 21,823 | medmcqa_train |
A child with pigment dilution of skin and eyes, hemorrhagic diathesis, ceroid deposition within the reticuloendothelial system has:- | Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome Oculocutaneous albinism Ceroid accumulation in lysosomes Prolonged bleeding time. Bloom syndrome : Erythema and telangiectasia on face after exposure to sunlight Immunodeficiency, GI malabsorption and hypogonadism are common. Alezzandrini syndrome: Deafness Vitiligo Poliosis Vogt-Koyanagi-Hara... | 21,824 | medmcqa_train |
Eustachian tube patency seen by - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above Tests for Eustachian tube patencyValsalva testo Politzer testo Catheterizationo Methylene blue testo Toynbee testo Inflation-Deflation testo Sonotubometry'o Frenzel maneuver | 21,825 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following causes melanosis coli? | Ans. A. SennaMelanosis coli is a disorder of pigmentation of the wall of the colon, often identified at the time of colonoscopy. It is benign, and may have no significant correlation with disease. The brown pigment is lipofuscin in macrophages, not melanin.The most common cause of melanosis coli is the extended use of ... | 21,826 | medmcqa_train |
Reduction of size and vascularity prior to thyroidectomy is done by | Ans. (a) Lugol iodineRef: Bailey and Love 26th edition Page 760* Lugol's Iodine: 10% Potassium Iodine+ 5% Iodide is used on last 10 days before surgery to make the gland firm and stronger and decreases the vascularity of gland | 21,827 | medmcqa_train |
A patient Raj Kishore was given pilocarpine. All of the following can be the features seen in him except: | Pilocarpine is a cholinergic drug , so it can cause sweating, salivation and miosis by its action on muscranic receptors. Cycloplegia is caused by anti-cholinergic drugs. Organ Parasympathetic stimulation Sympathetic stimulation Hea Depresses Stimulates Bronchus Bronchoconstriction Bronchodilation GIT Dilates Constrict... | 21,828 | medmcqa_train |
A major causal factor in some cases of hypogonadism is: | Ans. A. Reduced secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)Reduced secretion of GnRH will result in extremely low levels of circulating LH and FSH, causing testicular atrophy, as in Kallmann's syndrome. Hypersecretion of LH and FSH, increased activin, and an increased number of FSH receptors all lead to hyperfun... | 21,829 | medmcqa_train |
H1blocker with least sedative effect is - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Terfanadine Terfanadine is a second generation antihistaminics. Advantages of second generation Antihistaminics. o Higher H1 selectivity, no anticholinergic side effects. o Absence of CNS depressant propey o Additional antiallergic mechanism apa from histamine block. o No impairment of psychomotor per... | 21,830 | medmcqa_train |
The role of bradykinin in process of inflammation is: | Functions of Bradykinin: 1. Increases vascular permeability 2. Contraction of smooth muscles 3. Dilation of the blood vessels 4. Pain when injected into the skin Out of these actions of bradykinin, the increase in vessel permeability is a better answer as it is the hallmark of acute inflammation. | 21,831 | medmcqa_train |
A 62-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with blurred vision. Physical examination reveals a long history of gradual loss of his visual field. The intraocular pressure is high, and a diagnosis of glaucoma is made. Which of the following spaces first receives the aqueous humor secreted by the epithelium of the cili... | The posterior chamber receives ciliary body secretions first. The ciliary body produces aqueous humor and is located in the posterior chamber. Increased production of fluid from this site would cause an increase in intraocular pressure if drainage is inadequate. The iridoscleral angle of the anterior chamber is the loc... | 21,832 | medmcqa_train |
Delusions are characteristically seen in | A i.e. Schizophrenia | 21,833 | medmcqa_train |
Vaccination is based on the principle of | Option 1, 2, 3, 4 - Natural active immunity: It is acquired by natural clinical or subclinical infections. Such natural immunity is longlasting. For example, individuals suffering from smallpox become immune to second attack of the disease. - Aificial active immunity: It is induced in individuals by vaccines. There is ... | 21,834 | medmcqa_train |
Ipratropium bromide acts on which receptors and its use is? | Ipra and tiotropium bromide are m3 receptor blockers more selective for bronchial muscle causing bronchial dilatation, so used in bronchial asthma and COPD M3 receptors are present on bronchial smooth muscle Ref: KDT 6th ed pg 113 | 21,835 | medmcqa_train |
Most malignant form of NHL is : | Answer is A (Diffuse large cell) Diffuse large cell lymphoma is the most malignant, amongst the options provided. Although Follicular large cell and Diffuse varieties are both classified in the intermediate grade of the 'working formulation of NHL', in general, 'lymphomas with a follicular histological pattern are of a... | 21,836 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following is not a characteristic feature of rheumatoid ahritis? | In 80%of Rheumatoid ahritis have serum IgM autoantibodies that bind to fc poion of the IgG. These autoantibodies are called rheumatoid factor. Ahritis and metacarpophalangeal joints involvement is surely present in rheumatoid ahritis. But sacrolitis is not at all related to rheumatoid ahritis. It is a condition in whic... | 21,837 | medmcqa_train |
Cremastric muscle is supplied by: | Ans: c (Genital br. of genitofemoral nerve) BDC, Vol-2,4th ed, p. 202BRIDGEAspiration of any fluid from pleural cavity is called paracentesis thoracis. Usually done in the 8th intercostalCremastric muscle:Muscle fasciculi embedded in cremastric fascia.Laterally attached to inguinal ligament, medially to pubic tubercle,... | 21,838 | medmcqa_train |
Bih is to be registered within- | . | 21,839 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drug is preferred in acute attack of asthma during labour | Ipratropium is a M3-antagonist used in acute attack of asthma during labour, as Beta 2-agonists are avoided because of tocolytic action. | 21,840 | medmcqa_train |
The marker for B lymphocyte is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CD 19 | 21,841 | medmcqa_train |
Rhinophyma occurs due to- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hypertrophy of sebaceous glands Rhinophvma (potato tumor)o Rhinophyma is large, bulb-shaped, red-colored (ruddy) nose. It is a slow growing benign tumor due to hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands.o The cause of rhinophyma is unknown, though it is thought to be a severe form of acne rosceao Rhinophyma ... | 21,842 | medmcqa_train |
The following ADR is seen with | The picture shows gingival hyperplasia caused by phenytoin Ref: KDT 7th ed Pg: 417-422 | 21,843 | medmcqa_train |
Patient develops myelopathy post trauma. What dose of methyl prednisolone is to be given: | Ans is 'a' i.e. 30 mg/kg within 3 hrs Methylprednisolone has got potent antiinflammatory properties and thus has been used for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Some sensory and motor improvements have been reported when methylprednisolone is administered within 8 hours after spinal cord injury.Methylprednisol... | 21,844 | medmcqa_train |
Staphylococcus aureus differs from Staphylococcus epidermidis by | Tube coagulase test: detects free coagulase. Coagulase is an enzyme rather brings about clotting of human or rabbit plasma. It acts as a coagulase reacting factor present in plasma, binding to prothrombin and conveing fibrinogen to fibrin. Staphylococcus aureus is coagulase positive but Staphylococcus epidermidis is co... | 21,845 | medmcqa_train |
The following enzyme activity is measured in Beriberi: | In thiamine deficiency transketolase activity in erythrocytes is decreased. Measures of RBC transketolase is a reliable diagnostic test for thiamine deficiency. Beriberi is caused by thiamine deficiency. Ref: Clinical Laboratory Medicine, 2nd Ed, Page 322 | 21,846 | medmcqa_train |
Which Part of the fallopian tube which is most common site for female tubal sterilization? | Ans. C. Isthmus* For female tubal sterilization, Isthmus is said to be the most common site. It is the part of the fallopian tube which is sealed or cut in a sterilization procedure or tubal ligation.* The mid isthmic portion of the tube is grasped in the bipolar electrocoagulation technique.Additionally, radiofrequenc... | 21,847 | medmcqa_train |
A 24-year-old girl presented with complains of acne. On examination, multiple nodules, cysts and intercommunicating sinuses were seen. How will you treat her? | Ans. b. Oral isotretinoin Oral isotretinoin is the preferred treatment option for acne in a 24-year old girl with multiple nodules, cysts and intercommunicating sinuses | 21,848 | medmcqa_train |
Phospholipid is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lecithine o Phospholipids are:i) Glycerophospholipids (glycerol containing) Phosphatidylcholine ilecithin), phosphatidylethanolamine (cephaline), phosphatidylserine, phosphatidyl inositol, plasmalogens, lysophospholipids, cardiolipin.ii) Sphingophospholipids (sphingosine containing) Sphingomyeline | 21,849 | medmcqa_train |
46 year old female presented to OPD with complaints of breathlessness, purulent copious cough for 6 weeks. She lost 6 kg in 1.5 months. She was put on Clarithromycin and prednisolone for 2 weeks but there was no improvement in her condition . Chest Xray demonstrated persistent consolidation in the left lower lobe. What... | From the h/o purulent productive cough , loss of weight , and imaging study demonstrating consolidation in lung , adenocarcinoma in situ is a possibility and should be actively excluded by obtaining histology. Adenocarcinoma- seen in females & non smokers On CT scan , AIS is a nonsolid nodule On h/p, AIS shows lepidic ... | 21,850 | medmcqa_train |
A dairy farmer presented to the dermatology OPD with an ulcer with central black eschar over the forearm .Which of the following media will be used as selective medium for the growth of responsible organism? | Based on the profession of the person and clinical description of the lesionits most likely cutaneous anthrax (the most common form of Anthrax) and a selective medium used for it is PLET(polymyxin-lysozyme-EDTA-thallous acetate) medium. Neisseria meningitidis Thayer main medium B.pseudomallei Ashdown medium Brucella Ca... | 21,851 | medmcqa_train |
Cold agglutinins are seen in? | Ans is 'a' i.e. Influenza Cold agglutinin hemolytic anemiao This form of hemolytic anemia is caused by cold agglutinin IgM antibodies. Antibodies react with RBC at 0deg to 4degC. Both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis may occuro Causes of cold agglutinin immunohemolytic anemiaMycoplasma infection, IMN, CMV, Inf... | 21,852 | medmcqa_train |
Cellular and flagellar movement is carried out by all of the following except | Intermediate filament is 8 to 14 nm in diameter and is made up of various subunits. Some of these filaments connect the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. They form a flexible scaffolding for the cell and help it resist external pressure. In their absence, cells rupture more easily, and when they are abnormal in hu... | 21,853 | medmcqa_train |
The drug which can be considered as an alternative for splenectomy in severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia is: | Rituximab is effective in more than 80% of patients with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia not responding to steroids. Ref: Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 18th edition ; Page :882. | 21,854 | medmcqa_train |
Rate limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 7a-hydroxylase About half of the cholesterol in the body is ultimately metabolized to bile acids. The primary bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in liver. These are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. Rate limiting enzyme in primary bile acids synthesis is 7a - hydroxylase (cholesterol 7a ... | 21,855 | medmcqa_train |
Risk of endocarditis among the following is highest in | Risk of endocarditis - Ventricular septal defect > patent ductus arteriosus > Atrial septal defect. | 21,856 | medmcqa_train |
The type of hemoglobin that has least affinity for 1, 3- Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) or (2, 3-BPG) is | Fetal hemoglobin has least affinity for 13diphosphoglycerate Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number: 312,313,314 | 21,857 | medmcqa_train |
All are autosomal recessive except: (Repeat) | Ans: D (Huntington's chorea) Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th edition, page 3148Explanation: (See the following table) | 21,858 | medmcqa_train |
Nagayama spots is seen in | Ulcer at Uvulopalatoglossal junction is called Nagayama spots caused by Roseola infantum. | 21,859 | medmcqa_train |
The scientist who discovered the transmission of malaria by anopheline mosquito - | Discovery Malarial parasite-Charles Laveran Life cycle-A.Bignami,B.Grassi, G.Bastianelli Anopheles species are vectors-Ronald Ross Culture malarial parasite-Trager and Jensen (refer pgno:54 baveja 3 rd edition ) | 21,860 | medmcqa_train |
A 40 year old patient is suffering from carotid body tumor. Which of the following is the best choice of treatment for him- | Carotid Body Tumor (Chemodectoma) Arises from chemoreceptor cells on the medial side of carotid bulb Histologically it is a non-chromaffin paraganglioma Usually benign, unifocal and non-heriditary, schamblin classification is used for carotid body tumor. Associated with pheochromocytoma Higher incidence in areas where ... | 21,861 | medmcqa_train |
Doughnut granuloma is a finding of :- | A fibrin ring granuloma also known as doughnut granuloma is a histopathological finding that is characteristic of Q fever. On H & E stain, fibrin ring granuloma consists of a central lipid vacuole surrounded by a dense red fibrin ring and epithelioid macrophages Fibrin ring granulomas may also be seen in Hodgkin's dise... | 21,862 | medmcqa_train |
Psammoma bodies are seen in the following except ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Mucinous cysadenoma of ovary | 21,863 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a component of superficial perineal pouch? | Ans. a. Sphincter urethrae (Ref: BDC 5/e vol-Il p361-64: Keith Moore 6/e p404-6; Gray's 40/e p1093-97)Sphincter urethrae is not a component of superficial perineal pouch."Root, crura and bulb of penis (corpus spongiosa and corpora cavernosa), bulbospongiosus muscle, ducts of bulbourethral gland, and posterior scrotal n... | 21,864 | medmcqa_train |
The most common cause of renal scarring in a 3 years old child is: | c. Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2562-2567Ghai 8/e p 485-486)Most common cause of renal scarring in a child is VUR-induced pyelonephritis. | 21,865 | medmcqa_train |
Loeys-Dietz Syndrome is characterized by all of the following Except | Loeys-Dietz syndrome is phenotypically distinct from Marfan syndrome. It is characterized as an aneurysmal syndrome with widespread systemic involvement. Loeys-Dietz syndrome is an aggressive, autosomal dominant condition that is distinguished by the triad of aerial touosity and aneurysms, hypeelorism (widely spaced ey... | 21,866 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following therapies may be required in a 1 hour old infant with severe bih asphyxia except ____________ | Treatment with dexamethasone in neonatal asphyxia initiates hypoxic ischaemic brain injury. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | 21,867 | medmcqa_train |
In DNA transfer the vectors used to inse smallest to largest DNA is | Most general plasmids may be used to clone DNA inse of up to 15 kb in size. Phages can readily accept DNA fragments 10 to 20 kb longCosmids can carry inses of chimeric DNA that are 35 to 50 kb long.Ref: Harper 30th edition pg: 455 | 21,868 | medmcqa_train |
Casoni Test is used to detect infection caused by which of the following organism? | Casoni's test is used in the diagnosis of Hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus. In this test, 0.2ml of sterile hydatid fluid is injected intradermally into one arm. This test is considered to be positive if large wheal, 5 cm in diameter with multiple pseudopodia develop in 30 minutes. Other test used to d... | 21,869 | medmcqa_train |
A cystic, transilluminant, painless scrotal swelling presented with testes separately palpable. The procedure to be done is | (A) Lords' procedure # Hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid that results from a defect or irritation in the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum. Hydroceles also may arise in the spermatic cord or the canal of Nuck.> Structurally, hydroceles are classified into 3 principal types.> In a communicating (congenital) hydroc... | 21,870 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following veins is found in relation to the paraduodenal fossa? | The paraduodenal recess / fossa is present in about 20% of subjects. The inferior mesenteric vein lies in the free edge of the peritonial fold. Ref: Last's Anatomy, 11th Edition, Page 263 ; Cunningham's Textbook of Anatomy By Daniel John Cunningham, Page 1186; Meyers' Dynamic Radiology of the Abdomen: Normal and Pathol... | 21,871 | medmcqa_train |
Which form of plague can spread from person to person? | In cases of bubonic plague, bacilli are locked up within the lymph nodes and are not infective. Pneumonic plague is highly infectious and spreads from person to person through droplet method. Ref: Park 21st edition: page 270. | 21,872 | medmcqa_train |
Dietery factors associated with colon carcinoma -a) High fiberb) Low fiberc) Smoked fishd) High fat intakee) Japanese are common to develop Ca colon | A high incidence of colorectal cancer is seen in economically prosperous, upper socioeconomic class. This observation led to attention on environmental factors, particularly diet in the etiology of colon cancer.
Dietary factors associated with colon cancers are:
Animal fat
diet high in animal fats such as found in r... | 21,873 | medmcqa_train |
Potassium Iodide given for cough acts as | Potassium Iodide is an expectorant that increases bronchial secretion either directly by irritating bronchial glands or indirectly by causing gastric irritation. | 21,874 | medmcqa_train |
A male was brought unconscious to the hospital with external injuries. CT brain showed no midline shift, but basal cisterns were compressed with multiple small hemorrhages. What is the diagnosis – | Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and Cerebral contusions are the most common primary brain injuries in non-penetrating trauma to head, comprising almost 95% of primary injuries.
Diffuse axonal injury
(the most common primary brain injury), there is a shearing injury of axons most commonly at the cortico-medullary junction,... | 21,875 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the changes occur in bone growth ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Increased osteocalcin Bone growth o Osteoblasts are the cell in bone which form the bone.o Osteoclasts cause resorption of bone.o Osteoblasts and osteoclasts act in coordination and are considered the functional unit of bone know as the basic multicellular unit (BMU).o The processes of bone formation ... | 21,876 | medmcqa_train |
S 100 is a marker of ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above o S 100 is normally present in cells derived from the neural crest (Schwann cells, melanocytes, and glial cells), chondrocytes, adipocytes, myoepithelial cells, macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, and keratinocytes. It may be present in some breast epithelial cells. o S 10... | 21,877 | medmcqa_train |
Hepatitis B can transmitted through all of the following routes EXCEPT: | However universal precaution is not needed for breast milk (no occupational hazard), Human breast milk has been implicated in perinatal transmission of HIV, and HBsAg has been found in the milk of mothers infected with HBV (REF: JAMA 1988; 259:1353-6. Lifson AR, Bond WW, Petersen NJ, Gravelle CR, Favero MS. Hepatitis B... | 21,878 | medmcqa_train |
A patient with low-grade fever and weight loss has a poor excursion on the right side of the chest with decreased fremitus, dullness to percussion, and decreased breath sound all on the right. The trachea has deted to the left. The most likely diagnosis is | The diagnosis in this patient is suggested by the physical exam findings.The findings of poor excursion, the flatness of percussion, and decreased fremitus on the right side are all consistent with a right-sided pleural effusion.A large right-sided effusion may shift the trachea to the left. A pneumothorax should resul... | 21,879 | medmcqa_train |
Referred pain from ureteric colic is felt in the groin due to involvement of the following nerve: | Ans. (c) Ilio Inguinal nerve > Ilio hypogastric nerve* Ilio inguinal nerve supplies the medial side of thigh and hence pain radiation more chances from Ilio Inguinal nerve, (loin to groin)* Loin to testicles - Genital Br of GF nerve | 21,880 | medmcqa_train |
Elements of primary health care include all of the following except - | Elements of primary health care education concerning prevailing health problems and the method of preventing and controlling them Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition An adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation Maternal and child health care including family planning Immunization against major infect... | 21,881 | medmcqa_train |
Hypopigmented lesions are seen in - | In melasma brown / grey brown macular pigmentation with well defined scalloped margins. Pigmentation darkens on sun exposure. Lichen planus pigmentosus produces hyperpigmented slate grey to bluish black coloured macules. melasma is a accquired hyperpigmentary disorder characterised by brownish black or bluish macules o... | 21,882 | medmcqa_train |
Most essential medicines are formulated as | Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population. Criteria for selection of essential medicines Essential medicines are selected with due regard to disease prevalence and public health relevance, evidence of clinical efficacy and safety, and comparative costs and cost-effectiv... | 21,883 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are contraindications to tocolysis except: | Ans. is d, i.e. Placenta previaRef. Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 319Contraindications to tocolysis* Chorioamnionitis* Advanced labor* Abruption* Congenital anomalies not compatible with life* Preeclampsia/eclampsia* Fetal distress* IUFD* Pregnancy >34 weeksAs far as placenta previa is concerned tocolysis is not contraindicated Ma... | 21,884 | medmcqa_train |
Bipolar disorder is child is detected by | (D) All of the above # Genetic Hypothesis: The life-time risk for the first degree relatives of bipolar mood disorder patients is 25%, and of recurrent depressive disorder patients is 20%.> The life-time risk for the children of one parent with mood disorder is 27% and of both parents with mood disorder is 74%.> The co... | 21,885 | medmcqa_train |
The caudate lobe of liver corresponds to which segment of Counaud's classification : | Caudate lobe is segment I
Quadrate lobe is segment IVa
The caudate lobe (segment I) is the dorsal portion of the liver and embraces the IVC. It lies posterior to the left portal triad inferiorly and left and middle hepatic vein superiorly.
Caudate lobe is unique in sense that
it receives blood supply from both the ri... | 21,886 | medmcqa_train |
During evaluation of the cause of varicocele in a 36-year-old man, attention is directed to the method of drainage of the left testicular vein, which usually enters which of the following? | The left testicular vein empties into the left renal vein, and the right testicular vein empties into the IVC. Partial occlusion of the right renal vein is an uncommon cause of varicocele and may signify an associated retroperitoneal malignancy. | 21,887 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are adverse effects of thioamide group of antithyroid drugs except? | Thioamide group of drugs includes carbimazole,methimazole and Propylthiouracil.
Agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia are rare adverse effect seen with this group of drugs.Propylthiouracil carries the risk of hepatotoxicity. | 21,888 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the mechanism of action of local anaesthetics? | "Local anaesthetics block the conduction of action potential by blocking voltage gated Na+ channels". Ref: Medical Pharmacology at a Glance By Michael J. Neal 4/e, Page 15 ; Instant Pharmacology By Kourosh Saeb Parsy, Ravi G, Assomul, Fakkar J. Khan, Kasra Saeb Parsy, Eamonn Kelly; Page 123 | 21,889 | medmcqa_train |
Definition of hypertrophy is? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Increase in size of cells Hypertrophy* Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of cells without an increase in the number, resulting in an increase in the size of tissue. Hypertrophy involves cell enlargement without cell division. So, the hypertrophied organ has just larger cells, but no new ce... | 21,890 | medmcqa_train |
Acute lung injury is caused by all of the following except - | Ans. is 'None' o ARDS is an acute diffuse alveolar injury that is caused by variety of aetiological factors. o Patients with ARDS are often seriously ill with some other disease and features ofARDS are superimposed on them. Causes ofARDS Direct lung injury o Pneumonia o Aspiration of gastric contents o Inhalational inj... | 21,891 | medmcqa_train |
Spuriously high BP is seen in all except | The auscultatory gap may give a falsely low recording of systolic BP, not spuriously high BP. In older patients with wide pulse pressure and in some hypeensive patients, the korotkoff sounds may become inaudible between SBP and DBP, reappear as cuff deflation continues, this is known as auscultatory gap. Small cuff siz... | 21,892 | medmcqa_train |
Heat stiffening in muscles occurs above temperature (degC) - | Heat stiffening of muscles occur in temperature above 60 degree celsius due to denaturation and coagulation of muscle proteins. It simulates rigor mois. This remains till decomposition stas and there was no rigor mois. Dr. Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27 th edition pg. 80. | 21,893 | medmcqa_train |
The treatment of choice for squamous cell anal cancer? | Squamous cell anal cancer is rare but associated with Human papilloma virus infection (HPV), Anal intra-epithelial neoplasia (AIN) and immunosuppression. The current treatment of anal canal carcinoma is chemoradiotherapy (combined modality therapy). Chemotherapy include a combination of 5-FU with mitomycin C or Cisplat... | 21,894 | medmcqa_train |
Vital bleaching temperature | The temperature safely tolerated by pulp is 115-140 °F | 21,895 | medmcqa_train |
True about battered baby syndrome: | Ans. d. AllThe clinical manifestations of Battered baby syndromes are: bruises, scars, internal organ damage, and fractures in various stages of healing.CLINICAL FINDINGSBruisesIt is most commonly seen.Accidental--It is thin, leading surfaces overlying bone edges (e.g., shins)Non-accidental-- Back of hands, Buttock reg... | 21,896 | medmcqa_train |
Kwashiorkor and Marasmus are two types of malnutrition. All of the following are features of Kwashiorkor EXCEPT? | Kwashiorkor Marasmus 1. Edma Present Absent 2. Appetite Poor Voracious 3. CNS Apathy, Lethargy Active & Ale 4. Hepatomegaly Seen Not seen 5. skin & Hair Changes More common (Skin: Flaky Paint Dermatosis) (Hair: Flag sign) Less common | 21,897 | medmcqa_train |
A 63-year-old man develops edema, and dyspnea on exertion. He has no prior cardiac or renal conditions, and his examination is significant for macroglossia, elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP), hepatomegaly, and 3+ pedal edema. His investigations reveal 3.5 g/d of protein in the urine, anemia, normal fasting glucose... | (a) Source: (Kasper, p. 2027) In addition to peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy, cardiac involvement, tongue enlargement, gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations, and carpal tunnel syndrome are also seen in amyloidosis. The specific diagnosis requires tissue biopsy with presence of amyloid with specific stains. In pr... | 21,898 | medmcqa_train |
Rigler&;s Sign is seen in : | Pneumoperitoneum: Best projection to demonstrate pneumoperitoneum: Chest X-Ray If the patient cannot get into an erect position then left lateral decubitus projection is required Patient should be in that position for 10 minn at least for air rise up By careful technique even 1 ml of air can be detected Supine Film Sig... | 21,899 | medmcqa_train |
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