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Flocculo nodular lobe has direct connection with :
C i.e. Vestibular nucleusFlocculonodular lobe constitutes the vestibulo- cerebellum. Output from flocculonodular lobe goes directly to the brainstemQ, bypassing the deep cerebellar nuclei and is concerned with maintenance of equlibriumQ.
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Longest acting Insulin among the following
insulin degludec which has duration of action upto 42hours Ref Harrison 20th edi page no 2863, tab 397-4
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LDL level in non diabetics should be below what value in mg/dl:
LDL level Characterstic < 100 mg/dL Non diabetics 100 to 129 mg/dL Acceptable for people with no health issues Concern for those with hea disease or risk factors. 130 to 159 mg/dL Borderline high 160 to 189 mg/dL High
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Treatment of choice for phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is
Treatment of choice for phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is Topical Steroids.
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Fungi without sexual cycle are grouped under:
Deturomycetes or fungi imperfecti, they contain septate hyphae and are known for lack of sexual state. Ref : textbook of microbiology, C P Baveja 5th edition pg no:544
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Mood disorder is: MP 07
Ans. Disturbance in affect
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Histopathological feature of HIV encephalitis is/are-a) Negri bodyb) Lewy body c) Fibrillary plaqued) Microglial nodulese) Multinucleated giant cell
Microscopic findings of HIV encephalitis are :- Diffuse white matter pallor Perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and macrophages Foci of necrosis, gliosis and / or demyelination Microglial nodules, macrophages and multinucleated cells
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Sister Mary Joseph nodule is also known as nodular umbilicus. It is MOST commonly seen with:
A Sister Mary Joseph node is a metastasis manifesting as a periumbilical nodule secondary to abdominal or pelvic cancers. It is commonly due to gastric carcinoma. Ref: Corbett S.W., Stack L.B., Knoop K.J. (2010). Chapter 7. Chest and Abdomen. In K.J. Knoop, L.B. Stack, A.B. Storrow, R.J. Thurman (Eds), The Atlas of Eme...
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True for epidemiological triad: March 2012
Ans: B i.e. Agent, host, environment Some impoant terms Epidemiological triad is a broader concept of disease causation that include the basic factors of agent, host and environment Germ theory of disease is generally referred to as one-to-one relationship between causal agent and disease. The disease model accordingly...
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To prevent acute rheumatic fever, acute pharyngitis due to group A streptococci should be treated with antibiotics before:
c. 9 days of illness(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2269-2271)Antibiotic therapy for patients with GAS pharyngitis can prevent acute rheumatic fever, shorten the clinical course of the illness, reduce transmission of the infection to others, and prevent suppurative complications.When therapy is instituted within 9 days of onset ...
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The following modes of therapy may be useful for treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder EXCEPT
(D) Electroconvulsive therapy # Treatment of OCD:> Psychotherapy: Psychoanalytic-Psychotherapy is used in certain selected patients, who are psychologically oriented. Supportive psychotherapy is an important adjunct to other modes of treatment. Supportive psychotherapy is also needed by the family members.> Behaviour T...
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Which rtf the following is true about Lambda phage?
Ans. c. Lysogenic form incorporates in host DNA and remain dormant In the lysogenic phage the phage virus does not immediately cause the lysis of the cell, instead it integrates into the host genome."In (he lysogenic phase the phage virus does not immediately cause the lysis of the ceil, instead it integrates into the ...
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Looser's zones/pseudofracture are commonly seen in the following areas except-
* Common location of pseudo fracture are scapula, medial femoral neck, pubic & ischial rami (pelvis),LT, ribs, & clavicle proximal ulna & radius, MT,MC and phalanges. Looser&;s Zone ( Milkman&;s Pseudofractures ) Pathognomonic * Looser zones are radiolucent lines that are often penetrating through the coex perpendicula...
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Joule burns is seen in-
Electric burn is also called as Joule burn.
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Which of the following is a feature of Ulcerative colitis?
a. Spiking fever - positive in Crohn's disease because of intraabdominal abscess. b. Proctitis - Rectum inflammation is a feature of Ulcerative colitis. c. Fistula formation - Positive in Crohn's disease d. Cobble stone mucosa - Positive in Crohn's disease
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Which of the following has maximum cholesterol content:
Ans. (b) LDLRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30th edn. pg. 254; Harper 26th ed. pg. 206* Max cholesterol- LDL* Max TG- chylomicrons (inform of triacylglycerol)* Max exogenous TG- Chylomicron* Max endogenous TG- VLDLLipoprotein, its source, composition, main lipid component and its apolipoproteinLipoproteinSourceCompositionM...
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Vascular inflow occlusion of the liver is by ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., The Pringle manoeuvre Pringle manoeuvre - placing an atraumatic clamp across the foramen of Winslow.
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Helicobacter pylori is not associated with :
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Gastric leiomyoma Ref.: Harrison 17th/e p 946, 1858 & 16th/ep 886, 1749 (15th/e p961) * Diseases associated with H. Pylori infection Non-cardia gastric Ca B-cell non-Hodgkin's gastric lymphoma Gastric ulcer Duodenal ulcer Chronic gastritis Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Association with H. pylori (OR...
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Sternocleidomastoid is supplied by all of the'following aeries except?
Posterior auricular According to the aicle-"The Blood Supply of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle and Its Clinical Implications" Antonius Kierner, MD; Main Aigner, MD; Inngard Zelenka, MD; Gunther Riedl; Main Burian, MD Upper third - supplied by branches of the occipital aeryMiddle third - supplied by branch of the superi...
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All of the following are features of synchysis scintillans except:
Ans. Spherical calcium bodies
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All are advantages of Zinc therapy for Wilson disease except:
Zinc treatment in wilson disease: It is efficient in Wilson's disease Nontoxic Produces a negative copper balance by blocking intestinal absorption of copper It induces hepatic metallothionein synthesis, which sequesters additional toxic copper Ref: Harrison, E-18, P-3190.
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Which of these is not a risk factor for thromboembolism -
All those factors which promote DVT are also risk factors for thromboembolism. Superficial thrombophlebitis itself cannot cause thromboembolism (as thrombus formed in superficial thrombophlebitis strongly adhere to the venous wall) but it is a risk factor for DVT. The thrombosis in superficial thrombophlebitis can exte...
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Figure of 8 configuration on chest x–ray is seen in –
X-ray findings of TAPVC Cardiomegaly Plethoric lung fields Snowman or figure of 'V configuration ---> In supracardiac TAPVC. Ground glass appearance of lung —> In obstructive TAPVC. Clinical manifestations of TAPVC Nonobstructive TAPVC -4 Patients presents with mild cyanosis and CHF at 6-8 weeks. Obstructive TAPVC...
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Pregnancy which continues 'following threatened abortion is likely to have increased incidence of:
Prognosis of threatened abortion In about two-third, the pregnancy continues beyond 28 weeks. In the rest, it terminates either as inevitable or missed miscarriage. If the pregnancy continues, there is increased frequency of preterm labor, placenta previa, intrauterine growth restriction of the fetus and fetal anomalie...
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The intricately and prodigiously looped system of veins and aeries that lie on the surface of the epididymis is known as:
The pampiniform plexus of veins refers to the plexus of veins emerging from the testis, it drains the venous blood from the testis. This plexus ascends up and at the superficial inguinal ring condenses to form four veins, and pass through the inguinal canal within the spermatic cord. At the level of deep inguinal ring,...
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Linitis plastica is a feature of -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lymphoma of stomachLinitis plastica Involvement of a broad region of the gastric wall or entire stomach by diffuse stomach cancer cause linitis plastica.It is also known as Brinton's disease.The appearance of stomach is like leather bottle.o The other cause of linitis plastica areu Lye ingestion u Met...
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Most important antigen presenting cells in human?
Ans. c (Langerhan's cells/histiocytes). (Ref. Robbins, Pathology, 7th, 199, 1228)# Macrophages have role in inflammation and induction and effector phase of immune response.# Dendritic cells are important antigen presenting cells for initiating primary immune responses against protein ags.# Features which contribute to...
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A chronic alcoholic presents with truncal instability and an uncoordinated gait. An MRI confirms alcoholic degeneration of the cerebellar vermis. Which of the following cells is most notably destroyed in this patient ?
Alcohol is directly toxic to the cerebellum, causing degeneration primarily of the anterior superior vermis. This is due to either shrinkage or atrophy of Purkinje cells. Chronic alcoholism results in a risk of significant loss of Purkinje cells. This is worsened by associated vitamin B1 deficiency, resulting from both...
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Extrapyramidal side effects are common in
Antipsychotic medications commonly produce extrapyramidal symptoms as side effects. The extrapyramidal symptomsinclude acute dyskinesias and dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, Parkinsonism, akinesia, akathisia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Ref: KD tripathi 8th ed.
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Which among the following is increased during sleep induction ?
Stimulation cholinergic neurons in pontine reticular formation is responsible for sleep induction. When the activity of norepinephrine and serotonin containing neurons in locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei is increased, the activity of ACH-containing neurons in the pontine reticular formation decreases, leading to wakefu...
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Renal vein thrombosis is most commonly associated with :
Answer is B (Membranous Glomerulopathy): Membranous glomerulonephritis has the strongest association with development of thrombisis in Renal veins. - Thrombosis & Hemorrhage 3rd/724 Nephrotic Syndrome accompanying membranous 2lomerulopathy and ceain carcinomas predisposes to Development of Renal vein thrombosis (which ...
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Which grade of ROP (Retinopathy of Prematurity) shows a ridge with retinal fibrovascular proliferation and neovasularisation?
Retinopathy of Prematurity is a vasoproliferative retinopathy that affects premature and low-bih-weight infants. ROP stage 3 shows extra retinal fibrovascular proliferation at the ridge between normal and avascular retina. Stages of Retinopathy of Prematurity are: STAGE 1: Demarcation line dividing vascualr from avascu...
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A 3 year old male child diagnosed to have acute UT1 developed left flank pain on ulatrasonogram, the left ureter was found to be duplicated the most probable site of opening of ectopic ureter will be -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Prostatic urethra Ectopic ureter o A ureter that drains outside the bladder is referred to as an ectopic ureter. o Ectopic ureter usally drains the upper pole of a duplex collecting system (two ureter duplication of ureter). o It is more common in girls.
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Macular scar is formed in which of the following diseases:
Ans. All of the above
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Enzymes found in CSF:
Ans. c. CK + LDH (Ref: Textbook of Medical Biochemistry by Dinesh Puri 2/e p154, 155)CK (Subunit composition BB) and LDH-3 (Subunit composition HHMM) are found in brain (CSF).Tissue Distribution of Lactate Dehydrogenase IsoenzymeIsoenzymeSubunit compositionTissuePercentage in serumLDH-1HHHHMyocardium, RBCQ30LDH-2HHHMMy...
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Which muscle originates from tendon of other muscle?
-Origin of the following muscles are as follows:-Lumbricals 1 and 2 from lateral side of lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus.Lumbricals 3 and 4 from adjacent sides of medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus.-Palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis from medial epicondyle of humerus by a common flexo...
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Level of prolactin above which hyperprolactinemia term is used is?
Normal adult serum PRL levels are about 10-25 mg/L in women and 10-20 mg/L in men. PRL secretion is pulsatile, with the highest secretory peaks occurring during rapid eye movement sleep. Peak serum PRL levels (up to 30 mg/L) occur between 4:00 and 6:00 a.m. The circulating half-life of PRL is about 50 min. Hyperprolact...
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Tacrolimus plasma level is increased by all EXCEPT:
Tacrolimus (FK506)- It is a newer immunosuppressant chemically different from cyclosporine, but having the same mechanism of action, and is 100 times more potent. It binds to a different cytoplasmic immunophilin protein labeled 'FKBP', but the subsequent steps are the same, i.e inhibition of helper T cells calcineurin....
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Small vessel vasculitis includes all of the following EXCEPT?
Takayasu disease- Large vessel vasculitis Anti GBM antibody disease (Goodpasture disease), SLE & IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein purpura) are examples of small vessel vasculitis
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Vigabatrin is used for the treatment of
Sabril (vigabatrin) is an anti-epileptic medication, also called an anticonvulsant,used in combination with other medications to treat complex paial seizures in adults and adolescents who are at least 16 years old. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed.
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The propoion of children in the age group of 0-6 years, (who are the beneficiaries of Integrated Child Development Service Scheme), in the population is about -
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a government programme in India which provides food, preschool education, primary healthcare, immunization, health check-up and referral services to children under 6 years of age and their mothers.The scheme was launched in 1975, discontinued in 1978 by the government of ...
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'Flare' in Triple response is mediated by
Lewis Triple response includes wheal, flare and red reaction. Histamine when released causes capillary dilatation due to precapillary sphincter relaxation resulting in red reaction. Due to the dilatation, the gap between endothelial cells is widened, which leads to increased permeability and allows extravasation of flu...
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Which of the following hepatitis viruses is a DNA virus
Hepas B virus ( HBV) Hepas B virus is the most widespread virus and the most important cause of viral hepas. HBV belongs to Hepadnaviridae HBV is hepadnavirus type-1 Hepas B is the only hepas virus which has DNA. All others are RNA viruses. HBV contains two linear strands of DNA. One of the strands (the plus strand) i...
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Thomas splint is used for immobilizing fractures of ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Femur Splints Any material which is used to suppo a fracture is called splint. Splints are used for immobilizing fractures; either temporarily during transpoation or for definitive treatment. The most commonly employed splints is plaster of paris (POP) splint. Various POP splints are:- 1) Casts : - He...
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Use of tamoxifen in carcinoma of breast patients does not lead to the following side effects.
Ans. is 'd' i.e. Cancer in opposite breast Adverse effects of Tamoxifen: - Hot flushes, nausea vomiting (most common side effects)*Menstrual irregularities, vaginal bleeding, discharge, pruritus vulvae & dermatitisEndometrial cancerThromboembolismCataractsRetinal deposits & decreased visual acuityUses of Tamoxifen: -Es...
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Which of the following is the most common malignant ovarian tumor?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Serous cystadenocarcinoma o Serous cysadenomas or cysadenocarcinomas form about 50% of all the ovarian tumors. Of these 60 - 70 % are benign, 15% borderline malignant, and 20 - 25% malignant. Thus serous cystadenocarcinomas form the most common malignant tumors of ovary.
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Which of the following is the vascular arrangement inside the young red bone marrow?
Nutrient aery-central longitudinal aerioles-radial capillaries- sinuses-nutrient vein, is the correct vascular arrangement inside the young red bone marrow. A nutrient aery enters the cavity through a large nutrient foramen in the shaft of the bone. Other aeries typically enter the cavity near the ends of the bone. The...
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Maximum dose of radiation which is considered safe for human in a year is: March 2010
Ans. A: 5 Rads
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All are Pharmacological methods of cervical ripening except?
Pharmacological method Non pharmacological method 1. Dinoprostone gel (pge2) 1. Stripping of membrane 2. Misoprostol (pge1) 2. Mechanical dilators - Transcervical catheter and Osmotic dilators 3. Mifepristone 3.Extra-amniotic saline infusion During cervical ripening,Collagen fibril diameter and proteoglycan and glycosa...
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Which of the following statements about hair follicles is true?
Hair follicles are present only in thin skin. They are associated with sebaceous glands and errector pili smooth muscle bundles.
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False statement about trigeminal nerve: (PGI Nov 2010)
Ans: C (Arise from C8 nerve root) "The trigeminal nerve through its three branches is the chief sensory' nerve of the faceJr>- B.D.C 4th/ VoS HI 54"The trigeminal nerve emerges near the midpontine level. It has small motor root & large sensory root?'- Gray's 40th/284 SpinaI nucleus of trigeminal nerve extends from uppe...
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For the following statements, select whether it is applicable to metoprolol and/or captopril.The effects on the heart result in a prominent negative inotropic effect
Beta-blockers have a negative inotropic effect on the heart. Despite this they improve survival in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure.
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Small round cell tumors ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All Small round blue cell tumors Histologically many of the malignant pediatric neoplasms are unique. They tend to have a more primitive (embryonal) rather than pleomorphic anaplastic microscopic appearance. Often characterized by sheets of cells with small round nuclei. Frequently exhibit features of...
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Which of the following can cause delirium ?
Ans. is `d' i.e., All of the above Impoant causes of delirium 1. Trauma : - Head injury, subdural hematoma 2.Infection : - Septicemia, pneumonia, endocarditis. 3.Metabolic : - Hypoxia, hypercapnia, uremia, CHF, Hepatic failure, porphyria, metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, water & electrolyte imbalance. 4. Endocrine : - ...
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Which of the following relaxes mesangial cells in the glomerulus
Substances causing relaxation of mesangial cells -        ANP -        Dopamine -        PGE2 -        cAMP Substances causing contraction of mesangial cells -        Endothelin -        Vasopressin -        PGF2 -        Angiotensin II -        Norepinephrine -        PAF -        PDGF -        Thromboxane A2 -       ...
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In a study it is observed that the right ovary ovulates more than left, all are possible explanations for the cause except-
Right handedness is more common in population 730full.pdf] In the primate it is suggested that ovulations occur with equal .frequency in the left and right ovary. In the humans it there is some controversy about the frequency of ovulation on each side. It is believed that in normally menstruating women ovulation was si...
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IgA protease in not needed in infection of:
Ans: c and d Ref:Ananthanarayan, 7th ed, p. 335,218; Harrison, 16th ed, p. 806, 864Both S. pneumonia and H. influenza do not have IgA protease.Now it is upto you to decide.Bacteria showing antigenic variationBorrelia recurrentisTrypanosoma bruziNeisseriaGroup A streptococci
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True regarding Na+ ion
Ans. (c) Responsible for depolarization(Ref: Guyton, 13th ed/p.65)Option a - Sodium ion is not Responsible for Donnan effect. This effect is due to non-diffusible anions like proteinsOption b - potassium ion is responsible for RMPOption d - many substances require sodium for their transport through secondary active tra...
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Which is most significant finding in cardiotocography for detection of fetal hypoxia?
Late deceleration: Begins at or after the contraction peak and touches the baseline only after the end of contraction.It has a smooth and gradual onset and recovery and magnitude is rarely >40bpm.It is classically caused by uteroplacental insufficiency and indicates hypoxia. Most common causes are maternal hypotension ...
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In pancoast tumor, following is seen except-
Haemoptysis is seen in central tumors or endobronchial growth (Pancoast tumor is a peripheral tumor) Pancoast's tumor (also k/a superior sulcus tumor) Is a tumor of the apex of the lung It may grow to cause shoulder and arm pain - d/t involvement of C8, T1 & T2 nerves Erosion of ribs Homer's syndrome (Enopthalmos, Pto...
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Antimalarial of choice in a pregnant woman (I timester) who is chloroquine resistant is?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Quinine "Quinine is the only widely available drug that is acceptable as suitable for treating chloroquine - resistant infections during pregnancy".
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Unilateral hydronephrosis is due to ?
Ans. is c i.e. Carcinoma prostate
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Which one of the following is NOT an epithelial tumour of the ovary: September 2012
Ans. D i.e. Endodermal sinus tumour Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumour is a rare tumour but the second most common of germ cell origin
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The following separation technique depends on the molecular size of the protein :
C i.e. Gel filtration Chromatography
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An unconscious pt. of head injury comes in casualty. Examination shows raised intracranial pressure. Which anesthetic agent is contra- indicated :
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Ketamine Ketamine causes increase in all pressure of body fluids -Increased ICTIncreased IOTIncreased B.P.Therefore it is not used in raised ICT and IOT as it may increase the pressure to morbid levels.Other frequently asked questions about KetamineThe injection of a therapeutic dose of Ketamine produc...
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The maximum density of goblet cells is seen in –
Goblet cells are the chief source of tear mucosa and they are most dense nasally.
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A case of meningomyelocele was posted for surgery. Till the patient is waiting for surgery, the covering of the sac will be protected by a gauze soaked in:
a. Normal saline(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2802-2803, Ghai 8/e p 575-577)Meningomyelocele is covered with sterile saline-soaked gauze to prevent it from drying, trauma and infection
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VEMP detects lesion of
The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) are sho latency electromyograms that are evoked by acoustic stimuli of high intensity and recorded from surface electrodes over the tonically contracted sternocleidomastoid muscle. The origin of VEMP is in the saccule. The response pathway consists of Saccule; Inferior Ve...
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Hydrops foetalis is seen in following except :
Ans. is c i.e. ABO incompatibility
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Which of the following is NOT seen in Parkinsonism: March 2013
Ans. A i.e. Preserved postural reflexes
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A 9yr old boy is sent for neurological evaluation because of episodes of apparent inattention. Over the past year, child has experienced episodes during which he develops a blank look on face and his eyes blink for 15 seconds. He immediately resumes his previous activity. Wof therapies would be most appropriate for thi...
Ref:- kd tripathi;pg num:-411,416,417
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The nerve that is related to pyriform recess in pharynx:
PYRIFORM FOSSA: It is a deep recess broad above and narrow below in the anterior part of lateral wall of the laryngopharynx, on each side of the laryngeal inlet.  These recesses are produced due to bulging of larynx into laryngopharynx. Boundaries: Medial: Aryepiglottic fold and quadrangular membrane of larynx. Lateral...
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McNaughton rule is:
Ref. Textbook of forensic medicine. Krishnan Vij. Page.  120
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A pregnant patient comes at 34 weeks gestation with leaking. What examination will reliably confirm premature rupture of membranes in this patient?
Ans: (a) Speculum examinationRef: DC Textbook of Obstetrics, 8th edition, Page 369PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES (PROM)Spontaneous rupture of membranes anytime beyond 28th week but before the onset of labour is called prelabour rupture of the membranes.When it occurs before 37 completed weeks it is called preterm PROM ...
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Which of the following does not represent a significant anaesthetic problem in the morbidly obese patient?
D i.e. Decreased cardiac out put relative to total body mass Obesity related changes Cardiovascular Respiratory Gastrointestinal Problems during anesthesia - T Blood volume - ,I. Compliance - Hiatus hernia - Difficult intubation Q - I Cardiac outputc2 - i Respiratory drive - Gastroesophageal - Increased risk of aspirat...
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Elements of bishop's score is ail except -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Endometrial consistencyo Bishop score, also Bishop's score, also known as cervix score is a pre-labor scoring system to assist in predicting whether induction of labor will be required.o The total score is achieved by assessing the following five components on vaeinal examination:y Cervical dilationy ...
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Most common complication of ileostomy is:
- Overall M/c complication of ileostomy -Skin excoriation / dermatitis - MC early complication of ileostomy - Ischemia / necrosis - MC complication of both end colostomy and loop colostomy - Parastomal hernia - Parastomal hernia is more common in END colostomy (due to extensive dissection) - Prolapse is more common in ...
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The method of choice of tuberculosis detection in mass screening is:
The method of choice of tuberculosis detection in mass screening is Sputum smear examination by direct microscopy . The reliability, cheapness and ease of direct microscopic examination has made it number one case-finding method. 2 sputum smears samples over a period of 2days is collected in pts with history of cough >...
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In control of peusis, the durg of choice for cases -
<p> control of peussis:- CASES:- Early diagnosis,isolation and treatment. Disinfection of discharge from nose and throat. Erythromycin is probably the drug of choice. A dose of 30-50 mg/kg of body weight in 4 divided doses for 10 days. Possible alternatives are ampicillin,septran or tetracycline. Antibiotics effective ...
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Henoch Schonlein purpura presents with deposition of ?
ANSWER: (B) IgAREF: Harrisons 17th ed chapter 319, CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Chapter 20. Musculoskeletal & Immunologic DisordersHenoch-Schonlein purpura, the most common systemic vasculitis in children, occurs in adults as well. Typical features are palpable purpura, abdominal pain, arthritis, and hematuria...
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The maximum hours of work per week prescribed under the Factories Act is -
As per factories Act, a maximum of 48 hours per week, not exceeding 9 hours per day. (REF. PARK&;S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 756)
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Most potent estrogen is:
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Estradiol (E2)* The three major naturally occurring estrogens in women are estrone (El), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3). Estradiol is the predominant estrogen during reproductive years both in terms of absolute serum levels as well as in terms of estrogenic activity.* During menopause, estrone is th...
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subjective state of restlessness and fidgetiness after staing antipsychotics is called as
Acute akathisia * It was coined by Haskovec * Subjective state of restlessness and fidgety behaviour * <72 hours of staing antipsychotics * DD=agitated depression * If this is misdiagnosed as agitation and if antipsychotic is hiked there will be worsening of symptoms Propranolol id the TOC ref.kaplon and sadock, synops...
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RBC cast is present in:
Ans. (b) Acute GlomerulonephritisRef.:Harrisott 18th edition,Acute NephroticHematuria, RBC castsAzotemia, oliguriaEdema, hypertensionChronic renal failure* Azotemia for >3 months* Prolonged symptoms or signs of uremia* Symptoms or signs of renal osteodystrophy* Kidneys reduce in size bilaterally* Broad casts in urinary...
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The enzyme deficient in Phenyl Ketonuria is:
Ref: Harpers illustrated Biochemistry, 28th editionExplanation: (See figure below)Tetrahydro biopterin (H4B) dependent reaction.In case of deficiency of phenyl alanine hydroxylase, phenyl alanine is converted in to phenylpyruvate & phenylacetate. accumulation of which results in phenyl ketonuria. FeaturesMental retarda...
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Which level of Prolactin definitely suggest Prolactinoma?
(D) 200mg/LLesions of hypothalamic-pituitary lesion that disrupt hypothalamic dopamine synthesis, portal vessel delivery or lacto-trope responses are associated with Hyperprolactinemia.oHYPERPROLACTINEMIA is the most common pituitary hormone hyper-secretion syndrome in both men & women.oDegree of hyperprolactinemia is ...
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Bacitracin acts on:
Ans. (A) Cell wall(Ref: Katzung 10/e p741; KDT 8/e p741)Bacitracin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of cell wall.Other polypeptide antibiotics like polymyxin B, colistin and tyrothricin act by affecting membranes.
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All of the following are side effects of topical pilocarpine solution except?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Follicular conjunctivitis
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A 55 year old male, who is a known case of severe persistent asthma since 14 years of age presents with acute exacerbation of asthma. The disease was well controlled upto 54 years with high dose inhaled corticosteroids. For the past 12 months the disease was not in good control. He complains of nocturnal cough, limitat...
Answer: c) Airway remodeling (HARRISON 19TH ED, P-1675; ROBBINS 9TH ED, P-682)Airway remodeling:Over time, repeated bouts of allergen exposure and immune reactions result in structural changes in the bronchial wall, referred to as "airway remodeling"Airway remodeling adds an irreversible component to the obstructive di...
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Bronchiectasis is most common in which lobe?
Bronchiectatic lesions are most commonly found in the lower lobes, probably because mucociliary clearance is facilitated by gravity in the upper lobes. The bronchiectatic lesions were identified most commonly in the left lower lobe, followed by the right lower lobe and left upper lobe. The most common organisms :- Haem...
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Atypical pneumonia can be caused by the following microbial agents except ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Kleibsella pneumoniae Atypical pneumonia is interstial pneumonia, while Kleibsella causes airspace pneumona. Kleibsella pneumonia presents as a typical 'air space' pneumonia with cough productive of purulent sputum. Causes of Atypical pneumonias Mycoplasma pneumonias Viral pneumonias -4 Influenza, RSV...
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Pregangrene is
Pregangrene is changes in tissue which indicates that blood supply is inadequate to keep tissues alive and presents with rest pain, colour changes, oedema, hyperaesthesia.
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Turner syndrome is maximally associated with:
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Coarctation of aorta Turner 9s syndrome is commonly associated with congenital heart diseasesThe most common anomaly associated is bicuspid Aortic yalyes in one third to one half of the patients (50%)Other congenital anomalies associated with Turner's syndromeAortic coarctation (30%)Aortic stenosisMitr...
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Chalazion of lid is-
*Chalazion is chronic non-infective lipogranulomatous inflammation of meibomian gland. Ref: Yanoff & Duker Ophthalmology 2nd/e p.708
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Commonest type of Retinal detachment -
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment usually associated with a retinal break (hole or tear) through which subretinal fluid (SRF) seeps and separates the sensory retina from the pigmentary epithelium. This is the commonest type of retinal detachment. Ref khurana 6/e p 299
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All are markers of mitochondria except -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 5-nucleotidase Organelle or fractionMarkersMitochondriaInner membrane: - ATP synthase. Succinate dehydrogenase Intermembrane space: - Creatine kinase, Adenyl kinase. Matrix: - Glutamate dehydrogenase, Pyruvate dehydrogenase, enzymes of TCA cycle & P-oxidation of fatty acidsPlasma membraneS'-Nucleotida...
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Beta oxidation of fatty acids occur in
Tissues in which bbb-Oxidation is carried out: The circulating FA are taken up by various tissues and oxidised. Tissues like liver, hea, kidney, muscle, brain, lungs, testes and adipose tissue have the ability to oxidise long-chain FA. In cardiac muscle, fatty acids are an impoant fuel of respiration (80% of energy der...
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Neurofibroma is -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Autosomal dominanto Neurofibromatosis comprises of two distinct disorders -Neurofibromatosis INeurofibromatosis IIo The genes for these are located on different chromosomes,o Both are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.NF-1: Neurofibroma gene on chromosome 17.NF-2: Neurofibroma gene on chromos...
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Staphylococcal capsule is made up of:
Ref: Ananthanarayan, Paniker CJ. Textbook of Microbiology. 6th Ed, London: John Wiley & Sons: 2000. & Prescott LM. Microbiology. 5th Ed. London: McGraw-Hill: 2002.Explanation:Capsules usually are composed of polysaccharides, but they may be constructed ot other materials.But, Bacillus anthracis has a capsule of poly-D-...
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Lung abscess is least likely a complication of
Lung abscess can be divided on acute (less than 6 weeks) and chronic (more than 6 weeks). It can be called primary as a result of aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions (dental/periodontal infection, para nasal sinusitis, disturbance states of consciousness, swelling disorders, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, freque...
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