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In ESI programme central, state, Govt. Employee contribute to the fund. Employer's contribution is -
- ESI scheme is run by contributions by employees and employers and grants from central and state governments. - the employer contributes 4.75 percent of total wage bill. Reference: Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:816 <\p>
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The net diffusion of water from one solution of water from one solution through a semipermeable membrane to another solution containing a lower concentration of water is termed
Osmosis is defined as the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane to a solution with a lower concentration of water. Filtration is the process in which fluids are pushed through biologic membranes by unequal processes. Diffusion (Brownian motion) is the random kinetic motion causing atoms and molecules to...
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Reaction due to lysis of bacterial cell wall &necrotic cell product ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Jerish herheximer reaction Ceain cell wall acting antibiotics cause rapid cell lysis and release of proinflammatory and/or toxic bacterial components, which induce inflammatory response in host. This produces a clinical syndrome known as Jarish-hersheimer reaction. The typical example is treatment of ...
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Tonsillectomy is indicated in -
"Tonsillectomy is indicated when it is thought that tonsillar infection is producing secondary effects in other organs. Rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis develop as an antigen-antibody reaction to streptococcal infections. Though tonsillectomy does not help an established rheumatic heart disease or nephritis...
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All of the following are contraceptive implants except :
Contraceptive implants are norplant, Implanon and Jadelle. Mesigyna is an injectable contraceptive. TEXTBOOK OF GYNECOLOGY SHEILA BALAKRISHNAN SECOND EDITION PAGE NO 373
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Which of the following is best to sterilize heat labile solutions?
Heat sensitive liquids like serum, vaccines, antisera, enzymes, antibiotic solutions and urea solutions can be sterilized by using membrane filtration. The filtration can be aided by using either positive or negative pressure
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Atherosclerosis is due to
Atherosclerosis is a slowly progressive disease of large to medium-sized muscular aeries and large elastic aeries characterised by elevated focal intimal fibrofattyPlaques. Principal larger vessels affected are the abdominal aoa, descending thoracic aoa, internal carotid aeries and medium to smaller sized vessels affec...
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Characteristics of glycoprotein -a) Protein linked with glycosidic bondb) Core proteinc) Sugar residues are long in carbohydrate portion of glycoproteind) Participate in cell surface recognition
The oligosaccharide units of a glycoprotein are covalently linked to the polypeptide by specific glycosidic bond, termed as the glycopeptide bond. Core protein is found in proteoglycans, not in glycoproteins. The length of the oligosaccharide chain is relatively short (2-10 sugar residues) in glycoproteins, whereas it ...
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Serological examination of a patient shows positive for anti gliadin antibodies. It is characteristic of the following condition:
Celiac sprue is due to hypersensitivity to gluten, a protein found in wheat products. The disease is associated with HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Laboratory testing shows the presence of anti-gliadin, anti-tissue transglutaminase, and anti-endomysial antibodies in patients. Clinical presentation of celiac sprue include, bloati...
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Tamoxifen causes ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Endometrial hyperplasia
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Sigmund Freud gave various defense mechanisms. Which of the following is not a mature defense mechanism?
Ans. B. ProjectionAll of the others are mature defenses. Anticipation is goal directed and involves realistic anticipation or planning for future inner discomfort. Suppression involves the conscious postponement of attention to a conscious impulse or conflict. Altruism uses constructive and instinctually satisfying ser...
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Which which laser is used in the management of after cataract
NdYAG is a photo disruptive laser and is used for both posterior capsulotomy and peripheral iridotomy Refer Khurana 6th edition page number 401
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True about Glomus- jugulare tumour - a) Most common in male b) Arises from non- chromaffin cells c) Lymph node metastasis seen d) Multicentric e) Fluctuating tinnitus and conductive type of hearing loss seen
Glomus tumor is more common in females. Glomus tumor is also referred to as chemodectomy or nonchromaffin paraganglion. Glomus tumor is a benign tumor, therefore lymph node metastats is not present. Multicentric tumors are found in 3-10% of sporadic cases and in 25-50% of familial cases. Fluctuating (Pulsatile) tinnitu...
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Most common neonatal disorder screened is:
Most common neonatal disorder to be screened is Neonatal hypothyroidism (NNH) Blood sample is collected from Cord's Blood /fromheel prick after 24hrs of bih Test- measurement of T4 or TSH /both simultaneously. As a single method, T4 is more useful (greater precision and reproducibility) Congenital Hypothyroidism is one...
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Hemoglobin is isolated from the erythrocytes of a young child with anemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis reveals the presence of an unstable hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin Cranston (HbCr), containing an abnormal b-globin chain. The normal sequence of the b-globin gene (HbNl) and the sequence of the HbCr b-chain are prese...
Looking at the coding segment of the normal b-gene of hemoglobin, one should read the information codon by codon, as follows: AAG UAU CAC UAA GCU CGC 1 2 3 4 5 6 The normal b-globin gene has a stop codon (UAA) at the 4th position, therefore the last 2 codons (GCU and CGC) are not translated and do not code for amino ac...
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All the following aeries supply the Sternocleidomastoid except
Blood supply of Sternocleidomastoid Upper 1/3: Occipital aeryMiddle 1/3: Superior Thyroid aeryLower 1/3: Suprascapular aery from thyrocervical trunkReference: Chourasia; 6th edition; 89th page
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Comedons are characteristics of:
Ans is 'a' i.e, Acne vulgaris
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A patient with primary Sjogren syndrome treated with tear replacement for symptomatic relief notes continued parotid swelling for the last 3 months. She also has enlarged posterior cervical lymph nodes. Evaluation shows leukopenia and low C4 complement levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Lymphoma is well known to develop specifically in the late stage of Sjogren syndrome. Common manifestations include: Persistent parotid gland enlargement Purpura Leukopenia Cryoglobulinemia Low C4 complement levels. - Most of the lymphomas are extranodal, marginal zone B cell, and low grade. Low-grade lymphomas may be ...
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Which of the following drug used in the Management of Pulmonary Hypeension acts by inhibiting Phosphodiesterase enzyme?
First line drugs for Functional class II-III PAH : cGMP Signaling Modulators: PDE-5 Inhibitors - Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil cGMP Signaling Modulators: sGC Stimulator - Riociguat Endothelin Receptor Antagonists - Bosentan, Ambrisentan First line drugs for Functional class IV PAH: IP Receptor Agonists: Prostacycli...
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Energy requirement for pregnant women doing moderate physical activity with body weight 55 kg
Group Category / Age Body weight (Kg) Net energy (Kcal/d) Protein (g/d) Man Sedentary work Moderate work Heavy work 60 2,320 2,730 3,490 60.0 Woman Sedentary work Moderate work Heavy work Pregnant woman Lactation 0-6 m 6-12 months 55 1,900 2,230 2,850 +350 +600 +520 55.0 78 74 68 Infants 0-6 months 6-12 months 5.4 8.4 ...
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An alcoholic patient with history diabetic nephropathy and liver failure is posted for open abdomen surgery. The most appropriate muscle relaxant in this patient is:
Cisatracurium is a stereoisomer of atracurium that is four times more potent. Like atracurium, it undergoes degradation in plasma at physiological pH and temperature by organ-independent Hofmann elimination. The resulting metabolites (a monoquaternary acrylate and laudanosine) have no neuromuscular blocking effects. Be...
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Vertibular Schwannoma, spinal cord astrocytoma, meningioma are seen in
Neurofibromatosis  - 2 : Vertibular Schwannoma. Meningioma. Spinal cord ependymoma. Spinal cord astrocytoma.
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Aspirin is associated with-
Reye Syndrome Secondary Mitochondrial hepatopathy. H/o viral injection (Influenza, varicella) & salicylate interactions higher mortality rate. LFT (raised enzyme with normal bilirubin). Sjogren’s syndrome Autoimmune disorder. A/w generalised dryness (dry mouth-xerostomia, dry eye-keratoconjuncvis sicca). A/w other...
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Definitive diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is done by-
Ans - A. Serum lipase activity increases in parallel with amylase activity and is more specific than amylase. A serum lipase measurement can be instrumental in differentiating a pancreatic or nonpancreatic cause for hyperamylasemia.
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A 25 year old person sustained injury in right eye. He developed right comeal opacity following the injury. Left eye was already having poor vision. Corneoplasty of right eye was done and vision was restored. Medicolegally such injury is labelled as :
Injuries classified as Grievous by Section 320 of IPC: Emasculation Permanent privation of the sight of either eye Permanent privation of the hearing of either ear Privation of any member or joint Destruction or permanent impairing of the powers of any member or joint Permanent disfiguration of the head or face Fractur...
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Mechanism of action of tacrolimus is ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Both 'a' and 'c'
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Detoxication of drugs is controlled by
Cytochrome p450 enzymes are microsomal enzymes that are involved in phase I metabolism of many drugs, Most of the drugs are metabolized by CYP 3 A4 isoform. Drug metabolizing enzymes The drug-metabolizing enzymes are divided into two types : 1. Microsomal These are located on smooth endoplasmic reticulum primarily in t...
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Homonymous hemianopia with sparing of pupillary reflexes Is a feature of lesions of
Lesions of lateral geniculate body These produce homonymous hemianopia with sparing of pupillary reflexes, and may end in paial optic atrophy. Lesions of optic radiations Pupillary reactions are normal as the fibres of the light reflex leave the optic tracts to synapse in the superior colliculi. Lesions of optic radiat...
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The most impoant action of beta-blockers in glaucoma is :
Ref: KD Tripathi pharmacology 7th edition (page.no: 144) Topical b blockers are one of the first-line drug for glaucoma In contrast to miotics, the b blockers do not affect pupil size, the tone of ciliary muscle or outflow facility, but lower i.o.t. by reducing aqueous formation. This probably results from down-regulat...
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A 6 year old girl is easily distracted in class and exhibits poor scholastic performance. Seizures are precipitated by hyperventilation. What is the probable diagnosis?
Typical absence seizures are characterized by sudden, brief lapses of consciousness without loss of postural control. The seizure typically lasts for only seconds, consciousness returns as suddenly as it was lost, and there is no postictal confusion. Although the brief loss of consciousness may be clinically inapparent...
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Inheritence of ichthyosis vulgaris is :
C i.e. Autosomal dominant
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The following antibiotic accentuates the neuromuscular blockade produced by pancuronium:
* Aminoglycosides (like streptomycin and gentamicin) can accentuate the neuromuscular blockade produced by competitive blockers (like pancuronium). * Mechanism of neuromuscular blockade produced by aminoglycosides is the inhibition of presynaptic release of ACh.
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Biosynthesis of glucuronic acid requires the
Glucuronic acid is a sugar acid derived from glucose, with its sixth carbon atom oxidized to a carboxylic acid. In living beings, this primary oxidation occurs with UDP-a-D-glucose (UDPG), not with the free sugar.Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 120
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All nerves pass thorugh greater sciatic notch except ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Obturator nerve
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Steroids are useful in treating Tuberculosis patient with-
Glucocoicoids reduce inflammation and limit tissue damage; they are currently recommended when treating pericardial ,lymphadenitis patients having TB or meningeal disease, and in children with endobronchial disease. They may confer benefit in TB of the ureter, pleural effusions and extensive pulmonary disease, and can ...
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Intravascular hemolysis occurs in:
PNH is a disease that results from acquired mutations in the phosphatidylinositol glycan complementation group A gene (PIGA), an enzyme that is essential for the synthesis of certain cell surface proteins. Red cells, platelets, and granulocytes deficient in these GPI-linked factors are abnormally susceptible to lysis b...
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Graveyard of ENT surgeon
Tonsilolingual sulcus is seat of carcinoma usually missed by ENT doctor in OPD to check.
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Compression of a nerve within the carpal tunnel products inability to
FLEXOR RETINACULUM Transverse carpal ligament. Strong fibrous band which bridges anterior concavity of carpus and conves it into osseofibrous tunnel callef carpal tunnel for the passage of flexor tendons of the digits. Rectangular.Formed due to thickening of deep fascia in front of carpal bones. Attachments: medial-pis...
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Minimum effective dose of Ethinyl estradiol in combination oral pills is
Ans. is a i.e. 20p.g -intensive pharmacological research clinical trials conducted to minimise the adverse effects of estrogen without reducing the contraceptive efficacy, resulted in lowering the dose of oestrogen to a minimum of 20gg or even 15gg." Examples of pills with 20p.g estrogen : Femilon : Loette Estrogen (EE...
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A 65 year old elderly male has history of sweating and chest pain for last 24 hrs with the following ECG. Which of the following is not given in managing the patient?
Ans. C. Thrombolytic therapyFirst let us diagnose the ECG; we need to know the following points:E.C.G changes in acute infarctionEarly acute phase (with - in hours)Fully evolved phaseOld infarction (resolution phase)Elevation of ST segmentPathological Q warePathogical Q waveTall wide (peaked) T waveElevated ST segment ...
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Glomus tumor invading the veical pa of carotid canal. It is
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Type C2 Fisch classification The Fisch classification of glomus tumors is based on extension of the tumor to surrounding anatomic structures and is closely related to moality and morbidity. Type A :- Limited to middle ear cleft (glomus tympanicum). Type B :- Limited to tympanomastoid area with no invo...
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Essential amino acids are A/E -
- essential aminoacid are the one that cannot be synthesised in the body corresponding to the needs. Thus need to be supplied through diet. - they are leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, tryptophan and histidine. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd ...
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Ascospore is -
FUNGAL SPORES Most fungi reproduce through the generation of spores Fungi produce spores by two methods- Sexual reproduction → Sexual spores Asexual reproduction → Asexual spores
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In a neonate, cessation of breathing for 10 second with bradycardia is:
a. Apnea(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 849)Apnea in a newborn is defined as: cessation of respiration for 20 seconds with or without bradycardia and cyanosis or cessation of respiration for less than 20 seconds if it is associated with bradycardia or cyanosis.
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4 years old child having palpable abdominal mass & hypertension with sweating and diarrhea is due to -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., NeuroblastomaNeuroblastoma - (Ghai 7th/ep. 590)o M.C. Intraabd solid tumor in children,o M.C. site of primary tumor:# Adrenal gland (30%)o Paravertebral retroperitoneal (28%)o Metastasis usually skeletal (facial bone/skull).o May be associated with sweating, diarrhea, hypertension. Cerebellar sign, op...
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''Sleep apnoea '' is defined as a temporary pause in breathing during sleep lasting at least-
Sleep OSAHS also may be diagnosed in the absence of symptoms if the AHI is above 15. Each episode of apnea or hypopnea represents a reduction in breathing for at least 10 sec Ref Harrison 19th edition pg 1723
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A 2-year-old unresponsive child came to casualty with history of fall from a height. On examination, he is responsive to verbal stimuli intermittently, respiratory rate is 30 per min, pulse 130 per min, spO2 is 94% and BP is 104/60 mm Hg. What should be the next step of management?
c. Start oxygen by face mask, immobilize cervical spine and transfer to a tertiary centre accompanied by doctor(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 545-552)The best management in this case is to supplement O2 as there is hypoxia, to prevent further CNS injury; Cervical spine should be immobilized and the patient should be transferred...
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Most common cause of amoebic lung abscess is :
Answer is B (Direct spread from liver): An amoebic lung abscess is almost always secondary to spread from the liver. Extraintestinal infection by E. histolytica most often involves the liver. Fuher involvement most commonly leads to Amoebic lung abscess. Infact pleuropulmonary involvement (Lung): is the most frequent c...
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Muscle of neck with dual nerve supply
Digastric muscle Digastric has two bellies United by an intermediate tendon. NERVE SUPPLY; anterior belly by nerve to mylohyoid, facial nerve. ACTIONS; 1. Depresses mandible is opened widely or against resistance it is secondary to lateral pterygoid. 2. Elevates hyoid bone. Ref BDC volume 3;6th edition
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Patients on isoniazid which vitamin deficiency is more likely to be seen.
Ans. (c) Vitamin B6Ref. KDT 6th ed. / 740-41* For patients who are on isoniazid; peripheral neuropathy is observed in 10-20% of patients given dosages greater than 5 mg/kg/d but is infrequently seen with the standard 300 mg adult dose.* Pyridoxine (Vit B6), 25-50 mg/d, is recommended for those with conditions predispos...
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Denominator of positive predictive value
Ans. c (Number of true positives + number of false positives) (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/pg. 131).TopicEquation SensitivitySensitivity =a--a+cSpecificitySpecificity =d-b+dPositive predictive valuePPV =a--a + b Negative predictive valueNPV =d--c+d Relative riskRR =a--a + b c--c+d Attribute riskAR =a--a+bc--c+dHardy-Weinberg eq...
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Superolateral boundary of axillary dissection is:
Axillary Node Clearance Axillary node clearance is defined as clearing of the axillary contents bounded by: Laterally: Axillary skin Posteriorly: Lattisimus dorsi, Teres major and subscapularis Superiorly: Lower border of axillary vein Anteriorly: Pectoralis muscle Medially: Chest wall
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Which of the following has propensity to metastasize through lymph nodes ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
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Which of the following is Tensor of the vocal cord
Intrinsic muscles of larynx They may act on vocal cords or laryngeal inlet. (a) Acting on vocal cords:- * Abductors:- Posterior cricoarytenoid * Adductors:- Lateral cricoarytenoid , Interarytenoid (transverse arytenoid), Thyroarytenoid (external pa) * Tensors:- Cricothyroid , Vocalis (internal pa of thyroarytenoid). Re...
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Rocker bottom foot is due to ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Overeatment of CTEV Rocker bottom foot Rocker bottom foot is a foot with a convex plantar surface with an apex of convexity at the talar head (normal plantar surface is concave). Causes of Rocker Bottom foot are :- Congenital veical talus Overcorrection of CTEV Improper correction of CTEV, i.e. forcef...
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Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose value of less than
Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose value of less than 40 mg/ dl (plasma glucose of less than 45 mg/ dl). These babies should be screened for hypoglycemia at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hr after bih with reagent strips (dextrostix).Babies showing blood sugar value of less than 40 mg/ dl on reagent strip should be tr...
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Typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine is usually administered in children above the age of-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 2 years o The Vi polysacchiride vaccine is licensed for individuals aged 2 years because it does not elicit immune response in children less than 2 years.
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Which parotid tumor spreads along nerve sheath ?
Adenoid cystic carcinoma has got high affinity for perineural spread(both axially and circumferentially;antegrade and retrograde fashion) along mandibular and maxillary divisions of trigeminal (common) and facial nerve .It infiltrates nerve more proximally for long distance. Tumor may reach Gasserian trigeminal ganglio...
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All are features of psychosis except -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Preserved contact with reality Psychosiso Psychosis is a mental state involving the loss of contact with reality, causing deterioration of normal social functioning. The characteristic features of psychosis are : -Gross impairment in reality testing, i.e., loss of contact with reality.Marked disturban...
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Hemoglobin does not bind with:
Hemoglobin Combines Reversibly With Oxygen. Carbon monoxide (CO) combines with hemoglobin at the same point on the hemoglobin molecule as does O2 ; it can therefore  displace  O2   from  the  hemoglobin. CO2   reacts  directly  with  amine  radicals  of  the hemoglobin  molecule  to  form  the  compound  carbaminohemog...
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All of the following are haemoproteins, EXCEPT:
Haemoproteins:- A haemoprotein or heme protein, is a protein that contains a heme prosthetic group. Heme containing proteins: Hemoglobin Myoglobin Cytochromes (ETC Components) Heme containing enzymes Catalase Peroxidase Tryptophan dioxygenase/Tryptophan pyrrolase Few more examples:- Cytoglobin Neuroglobin SolubleGuanyl...
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What is true regarding byssinosis?
Byssinosis - due to cotton dust exposure - presents with Monday Chest tightness which resolves with cessation of cotton dust exposure. - Byssinosis presents as hypersensitivity pneumonitis with the honey-comb lung. - Lymphocytes and not eosinophils are present in bronchoalveolar lavage of hypersensitivity pneumonitis p...
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Which one can have more than one value
In a central tendancy of distribution : Mean is the best measure. Mode is most frequently occuring value in the given distribution. Mode may be bimodal or trimodal. Mode = 3 mediam - 2 mean.
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In magil circuit airflow is -
In Magills it fresh gas flow is equal to minute volume. In Bains co-axial system or type D ,fresh air flow required to prevent rebreathing is 1.6minute volume
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In hilum of right lung which of the following is the uppermost structure
Right lung(above downwards) Epaerial bronchus Pulmonary aery Hypaerial bronchus Inferior pulmonary vein Left lung Pulmonary aery Bronchus Inferior pulmonary vein <img src=" /> Ref. BD Chaurasia volume 1 page 226
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In a patient with mitral stenosis, disappearance of Loud S1 is associated with all except
ANS. DConditions associated with dulling of SI (disappearance of loud SI) in patient with mitral stenosis:1. Calcified mitral valve2. Aortic regurgitation (AR)3. Mitral regurgitation (MR)Absence of presystolic accentuation in mitral stenosis:1. Atrial fibrillation2. Presence of MR3. Flabby left atrium4. Atrial septal d...
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In basic model of Nuclear family life, the phase of family life cycle beginning with birth of last child and ending with leaving of home of first child is known as?
Ans. c (Complete extension) (Ref. Park Textbook of PSM 22nd/pg.635)A family is a primary unit in all socities. Familes are not constant. A normal family-cycle is generally conceived as having six phases as follows:BASIC MODEL OF NUCLEAR FAMILY LIFE CYCLE Phase of family cycleCharacterizing EventsNo.DescriptionBeginning...
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Dofetilide belong to?
Ibutilide, dofetilide, sotalol, amiodarone are class 3 agents they are potassium channel blockers- they r broad spectrum antiarrhythmic agents they increase QT interval
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A young girl presents with abdominal pain and a recent change in bowel habit, with passage of mucus in stool. There is no associated blood in stool and symptoms are increased with stress. The most likely diagnosis is:
IBS is a disorder for which no pathognomonic abnormalities are identified. Females are more commonly affected. People of all age groups are affected, but most have the onset of symptoms before 45 years. Patients usually presents with recurrent lower abdominal pain, abdominal bloating and altered bowel habits. Stool is ...
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Retraction of scapula at sternoclavicular joint is done by:
Retraction means moving backward of scapula at sternoclavicular joint. It is done by the following muscles: Trapezius Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor. Subscapularis helps in medial rotation of humerus. Serratus anterior helps in protraction of scapula. Supraspinatus helps in adduction.
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Which of the following factors of balanced occlusion is given by the patient?
Condylar guidance Definition: The mechanical form located in the upper posterior region of an articulator that controls movement of its mobile member (GPT8). Condylar guide inclination: The angle formed by the inclination of a condylar guide control surface of an articulator and a specified reference plane (GPT8). Thi...
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Elek's gel precipitation test is for -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Diphtheria
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A patient with hea failure developed recurrent sustained monomorphic vt .Treatment is/are -
Sustained monomorphic VT associated with nonischemic cardiomyopathy is usually due to scar-related reentry. On cardiac MR imaging, scars are detectable as areas of delayed gadolinium enhancement and are more often intramural or sub-epicardial in location as compared with patients with prior MI. Any cardiomyopathic proc...
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All are true about meningiomas except -
Ans. is 'c' i.e.. They are attached to pia matterMeningiomas are amont the most frequent primary brain tumors.o Although most meningiomas ae benign, their location in the central nervous system can cause serious morbidity or mortality.Clinical presentationo Meningiomas can arise anywhere from the dura most commonly wit...
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Serum sickness is which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Ans. c (Type III). (Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthnarayan, 6th ed., 155)HYPERSENSITIVITY ReactionsTypeMechanismE.g.Hints to rememeberType I(Anaphylactic and Atopic)Antigen cross -links IgE on presensitized mast cells and basophils, causing of vasoactive amines (i.e., histamine) release.- Anaphylaxis,- Asthma,- Hive...
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While discharging a patient of meningitis due to H. influenzae the essential step you will do -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bilateral evoked auditory response o Nontypable H. influenzae is one of the three most common causes of childhood otitis media.o The other two beingStreptococcus pneumoniae andMoraxella catarrhaliso The diagnosis is made by pneumatic otoscopyAn etiologic diagnosis, although not routinely sought, can b...
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Tonsillectomy following peritonsilar abscess is done after weeks -
Ans- C 6-8 weeks Ref. Turner 7 Oth/ed p 86; Head and Neck Surgery by Chris DeSouza Vol 2 p 7583 a. Friends, Dhingra and Turner have a different opinions on this one. b. According to Turner 10th/ed p 86-'The tonsils should be removed 6-8 weeks following a Quinsy." c. According to Dhingra 6th/ed p 265-'Tonsils are remove...
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Aspirin triad is?
ANSWER: (C) Sampter's syndromeREF: With textIn 1922 Widal et al. recognized the additional association of nasal polyposis with aspirin sensitivity and asthma. This became commonly known as "aspirin triad." Following studies by Samter and Beers in the late 1960s, aspirin triad was commonly referred to as Samter's triad....
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All the following are Derivatives of Dorsal mesogastrium except
The derivatives of Dorsal mesogastrium are:(1) The greater or caudal pa of the dorsal mesogastrium becomes greatly elongated and forms the greater omentum.(2) The spleen develops in relation to the cranial pa of the dorsal mesogastrium and divides it into dorsal and ventral pas. The ventral pa forms the gastrosplenic l...
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Peripheral resistance is best indicated by:
Ans. a. Diastolic blood pressure Aerial hypeension is the result of abnormal flow/resistance relationships. Resistance to outflow consists of different components: the systolic component is the one generated by conductance vessels, whereas the diastolic component consists of peripheral resistance, which regulates perip...
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Gas gangrene is caused by all except?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cl. sporogenes
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Vogt's striae shown below are seen in:
Ans. (b) Keratoconus.
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All of the following statements about the control of micturition are true except:
Micturition is initiated by activation of afferent sensory fibers located in the wall of the bladder; these fibers sense the degree of stretch of the bladder wall. In addition, these sensory fibers travel back to the spinal cord via sacral dorsal roots. The sensory information that reaches the spinal cord also travels ...
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medmcqa_train
Drug of choice for a case of uncomplicated cystitis -
Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Fosfomycin[Ref: OBJECTIVE: To determine the drug of choice for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis. METHOD: Drug selection was performed by means of the so-called 'system of objectified judgment analysis' (SOJA) method by a working group of 11 persons. The following selection criteria were used: p...
3,483
medmcqa_train
Mucosa is involved in –
Diseases involving oral mucosa :- Lichen plaints, Pemphigus, Infections (Candida, Secondary syphilis, HSV), Leucoplakia, Erythema multiforme, Peutz Jegher syndrome, Aphthous ulcers, Bechet's disease, squamous cell carcinoma
3,484
medmcqa_train
Glucose alanine cycle is impoant in:
In the fasting state, there is a considerable output of alanine from skeletal muscle, far in excess of its concentration in the muscle proteins that are being catabolized. It is formed by transamination of pyruvate produced by glycolysis of muscle glycogen, and is expoed to the liver, where, after transamination back t...
3,485
medmcqa_train
Lord's and Jaboulay's operation is done for
These operations are done for hydrocele .Lord's operation or plication is suitable when the sac is small, thin walled and contains clear fluid. Here tunica is bunched into a 'ruff' at its attachment to the testis by using a series of multiple interrupted chromic catgut sutures to plicate the redundant tunica vaginalis,...
3,486
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is not a function of aqueous humor?
It provides nutrition to the cornea and lens and not the retina. Functions of aqueous humor: Maintenance of IOP Nutrition to lens and cornea Maintaining transparency of eye Clearing the eye of toxins
3,487
medmcqa_train
Trichotillomania-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Compulsive hair pulling o As there is no organic or behavioral disorders, this girl is suffering with impulse control disorder of compulsive hair pulling, known as Trichotillomania.Impulse control disordero These disorders are characterized by failure to resist an impulsive behavior that may be harmfu...
3,488
medmcqa_train
Inositic acid is biological precursor of ?
C i.e., Adenylic & guanylic acid
3,489
medmcqa_train
Geographic lytic lesions in the vault of the skull with bevelled edges are seen with:
Ans. Eosinophilic granuloma
3,490
medmcqa_train
Which enzyme level is tested in thiamine deficiency?
Thiamine (vitamin B1) Deficiency It is assessed by Erythrocyte transketolase activity. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is the marker for transketolase enzyme -which is involved in HMP pathway (in RBCs) Activity of Transketolase is measured (not the quantity).
3,491
medmcqa_train
The measure of variability indicating how many standard detions, an observation is above or below the mean is
A z-score is the number of standard detions from the mean. The coefficient of variation (CV) is a measure of relative variability. It is the ratio of the standard detion to the mean. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 849
3,492
medmcqa_train
A Down syndrome child is mentally retarded. All cytogenetic abnormalities may occurs except?
Ans is 'a' i.e., Deleted 21
3,493
medmcqa_train
Hydatidiform mole is associated with :
Theca lutein cysts
3,494
medmcqa_train
A 24-year-old P2+0 woman presents to the emergency department complaining of pain in her right breast. The patient is postpartum day 10 from an uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery at 42 weeks. She reports no difficulty breast-feeding for the first several days postpartum, but states that for the past week her da...
A postpartum lady coming with H/o pain in breast and fever and nipples being warm, red, swollen, with no induration, fluctuance and no pus extruding from them - leaves no doubt that the patient is having mastitis. As discussed in question 9, mastitis is not a contraindication for breast feeding. She should continue fee...
3,495
medmcqa_train
A 65-year-old male is having a swelling on the back of lower thigh. On investigation it was found to be a high grade liposarcoma of 5 cm in size. Best management is:
Ans. B. Wide local excisionExplanationLiposarcoma is one of the types of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Liposarcoma is the most frequent STS subtype and represents 45% of all retroperitoneal sarcoma. It is composed of three histologicvarieties (listed in order of decreasing frequency):Well-differentiated and dedifferentiat...
3,496
medmcqa_train
Preganglionic supply to the submandibular gland is
The sensory root is from the lingual nerve. It is suspended by two roots of lingual nerve.The sympathetic root is from the sympathetic plexus around the facial aery. This plexus contains postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. These fibers pass express through the ganglion an...
3,497
medmcqa_train
Skin biopsy in leprosy is characterized by –
In indeterminate leprosy, there is perivascular and Periappendageal infiltrate of lymphocytes. In lepromatous leprosy large number of lepra bacill are seen in dermal infiltrate around appendages (periappandgeal).
3,498
medmcqa_train
Most commonly used measure of central tendency-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mean * The commonly used statistical average (measures of central tendency) are (i) Arithmetic mean, (ii) Median and (iii) Mode.Arithmetic mean* It is the most commonly used statistical average. It is obtained by sum of all the values divided by total number of values.Mean =[?]x----e* The major disadv...
3,499
medmcqa_train